TEDGlobal 2014
Sangu Delle: In praise of macro -- yes, macro -- finance in Africa
Sangu Dele: U čast makro-finansiranja u Africi
Filmed:
Readability: 6
1,183,051 views
U ovom kratkom, provokativnom govoru, investitor Sangu Dele pita da li je mikrofinansiranje - male pozajmice malim preduzetnicima - najbolji način za podstrekivanje rasta zemalja u razvoju. ,,Čini se da smo se vezali za ovu romantičarsku ideju da je svaki siromašni stanovnik Afrike preduzetnik", kaže on. ,,Ipak, moj rad me je naučio da većina ljudi želi posao". Dele, kolega iz TED-a, u svom govoru podržava velika preduzeća i fabrike, i odbacuje sve prepreke koje sputavaju trgovinu u pan-Africi.
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Traditional prescriptions for growth
in Africa are not working very well.
in Africa are not working very well.
0
606
5901
Tradicionalni recepti za razvoj Afrike
ne uspijevaju baš najbolje.
ne uspijevaju baš najbolje.
00:18
After one trillion dollars
in African development-related aid
in African development-related aid
1
6519
4452
Nakon jednog biliona dolara koji su
u posljednjih 60 godina dodijeljeni Africi
u posljednjih 60 godina dodijeljeni Africi
00:22
in the last 60 years,
2
10971
2128
kao pomoć u njenom razvoju,
00:25
real per capita income today
is lower than it was in the 1970s.
is lower than it was in the 1970s.
3
13099
4748
realni dohodak po glavi stanovnika
danas je niži nego 1970-e.
danas je niži nego 1970-e.
00:30
Aid is not doing too well.
4
18867
2303
Pomoć nije bila od velike koristi.
00:33
In response,
5
21170
1418
Kao odgovor na to,
00:34
the Bretton Woods institutions --
the IMF and the World Bank --
the IMF and the World Bank --
6
22588
4084
institucije Breton Vudsa - Međunarodni
monetarni fond i Svjetska banka,
monetarni fond i Svjetska banka,
00:38
pushed for free trade not aid,
7
26672
3554
zauzimali su se za slobodnu trgovinu,
a ne za pomoć,
a ne za pomoć,
00:42
yet the historical record
shows little empirical evidence
shows little empirical evidence
8
30226
4225
uprkos tome što istorijski podaci
ne daju puno opipljivih dokaza
ne daju puno opipljivih dokaza
00:46
that free trade leads to economic growth.
9
34451
4110
da slobodna trgovina vodi do
rasta ekonomije.
rasta ekonomije.
00:50
The newly prescribed
silver bullet is microcredit.
silver bullet is microcredit.
10
38561
3899
Taj novi prepisani ,,lijek" je
mikrokredit.
mikrokredit.
00:54
We seem to be fixated
on this romanticized idea
on this romanticized idea
11
42460
3717
Čini se da smo čvrsto vezani
za ovu romantičarsku ideju
za ovu romantičarsku ideju
00:58
that every poor peasant in Africa
is an entrepreneur.
is an entrepreneur.
12
46177
3854
da je svaki siromašni stanovnik Afrike
preduzetnik.
preduzetnik.
01:02
(Laughter)
13
50031
2067
(Smijeh)
01:05
Yet my work and travel
in 40-plus countries across Africa
in 40-plus countries across Africa
14
53328
5370
Ipak, moj rad i putovanje
kroz preko 40 afričkih zemalja
kroz preko 40 afričkih zemalja
01:10
have taught me that most people
want jobs instead.
want jobs instead.
15
58698
4917
naučili su me da većina ljudi, u stvari,
želi posao.
želi posao.
01:15
My solution: Forget micro-entrepreneurs.
16
63615
3135
Moje rješenje:
zaboravimo male preduzednike.
zaboravimo male preduzednike.
01:19
Let's invest in building
pan-African titans
pan-African titans
17
67190
3646
Hajde da ulažemo u izgradnju
pan-afričkih velikana,
pan-afričkih velikana,
01:22
like Sudanese businessman Mo Ibrahim.
18
70836
4225
kao što je uradio sudanski biznismen
Mo Ibrahim.
Mo Ibrahim.
01:27
Mo took a contrarian bet on Africa when
he founded Celtel International in '98
he founded Celtel International in '98
19
75061
5898
On je uložio u Afriku tako
što je '98. osnovao Celtel International,
što je '98. osnovao Celtel International,
01:32
and built it into a mobile
cellular provider
cellular provider
20
80959
3535
i izgradio ga u provajdera mobilne
telefonije
telefonije
01:36
with 24 million subscribers
across 14 African countries by 2004.
across 14 African countries by 2004.
21
84494
6407
sa 24 miliona pretplatnika u 14
afričkih zemalja do 2004. godine.
afričkih zemalja do 2004. godine.
01:44
The Mo model might be better
than the everyman entrepreneur model,
than the everyman entrepreneur model,
22
92076
3669
Moguće da je Moov model bolji od modela
po kojem je običan čovjek preduzetnik,
po kojem je običan čovjek preduzetnik,
01:47
which prevents an effective means
of diffusion and knowledge-sharing.
of diffusion and knowledge-sharing.
23
95745
3996
a koji sprječava efektne načine širenja
i razmjene znanja.
i razmjene znanja.
01:51
Perhaps we are not at a stage in Africa
24
99741
2616
Mi u Africi možda nismo u fazi u kojoj
01:54
where many actors and small enterprises
leads to growth through competition.
leads to growth through competition.
25
102357
5267
se do razvoja dolazi konkurencijom
među glumcima i manjim preduzećima.
među glumcima i manjim preduzećima.
01:59
Consider these two alternative scenarios.
26
107624
3410
Razmotrite ove dvije mogućnosti.
02:03
One: You loan 200 dollars
to each of 500 banana farmers
to each of 500 banana farmers
27
111034
6036
Prva: Pozajmite po 200 dolara svakom od
500 uzgajivača banana,
500 uzgajivača banana,
02:09
allowing them to dry
their surplus bananas
their surplus bananas
28
117070
2897
što će im omogućiti da osuše višak voća,
02:11
and fetch 15 percent more revenue
at the local market.
at the local market.
29
119967
4328
i donijeti 15% više prihoda
na lokalnom tržištu.
na lokalnom tržištu.
02:16
Or two: You give 100,000 dollars
to one savvy entrepreneur
to one savvy entrepreneur
30
124295
6182
I druga mogućnost: Date 100000 dolara
jednom, razumnom preduzetniku,
jednom, razumnom preduzetniku,
02:22
and help her set up a factory
that yields 40 percent additional income
that yields 40 percent additional income
31
130477
5218
čime ćete mu pomoći da osnuje fabriku
koja će obezbijediti 40% dodatnog prihoda
koja će obezbijediti 40% dodatnog prihoda
02:27
to all 500 banana farmers
and creates 50 additional jobs.
and creates 50 additional jobs.
32
135695
5097
svakom od 500 uzgajivača,
i otvoriti novih 50 radnih mjesta.
i otvoriti novih 50 radnih mjesta.
02:33
We invested in the second scenario,
33
141747
2624
Mi smo se odlučili za ovaj drugi scenario,
02:36
and backed 26-year-old
Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi
Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi
34
144371
4496
i podržali 26-ogodišnjeg preduzetnika
iz Kenije - Erika Mutomija,
iz Kenije - Erika Mutomija,
02:40
to set up an agro-processing
factory called Stawi
factory called Stawi
35
148867
3669
u ideji da otvori Stavi,
fabriku za agro-preradu,
fabriku za agro-preradu,
02:44
to produce gluten-free
banana-based flour and baby food.
banana-based flour and baby food.
36
152536
4884
koja bi proizvodila brašno na bazi banana,
bez glutena, i hranu za bebe.
bez glutena, i hranu za bebe.
02:50
Stawi is leveraging economies of scale
37
158242
3041
Stavi se oslanja na ekonomiju obima
02:53
and using modern manufacturing processes
to create value for not only its owners
to create value for not only its owners
38
161283
4881
i koristi savremene proizvodne procese
kako bi donio profit ne samo vlasnicima,
kako bi donio profit ne samo vlasnicima,
02:58
but its workers, who have
an ownership in the business.
an ownership in the business.
39
166164
3335
nego i radnicima,
koji imaju udio u poslovanju.
koji imaju udio u poslovanju.
03:02
Our dream is to take an Eric Muthomi
and try to help him become a Mo Ibrahim,
and try to help him become a Mo Ibrahim,
40
170579
6129
Naš san je da pomognemo Eriku Mutomiju
da postane novi Mo Ibrahim,
da postane novi Mo Ibrahim,
03:08
which requires skill, financing,
local and global partnerships,
local and global partnerships,
41
176708
5147
a to zahtjeva vještinu, finansiranje,
lokalna i globalna partnerstva,
lokalna i globalna partnerstva,
03:13
and extraordinary perseverance.
42
181855
2670
i ogromnu istrajnost.
03:16
But why pan-African?
43
184525
2085
Ali, zašto pan-afrički?
03:19
The scramble for Africa
during the Berlin Conference of 1884 --
during the Berlin Conference of 1884 --
44
187590
4598
Borba za Afriku na Berlinskoj konferenciji
1884. godine --
1884. godine --
03:24
where, quite frankly, we Africans
were not exactly consulted --
were not exactly consulted --
45
192188
4736
na kojoj se, iskreno,
mi Afrikanci nijesmo pitali ništa --
mi Afrikanci nijesmo pitali ništa --
03:28
(Laughter) (Applause) --
46
196924
5408
(Smijeh) (Aplauz) --
03:35
resulted in massive fragmentation
47
203542
2461
rezultirala je ogromnim rascjepkivanjem
03:38
and many sovereign states
with small populations:
with small populations:
48
206003
2531
i mnogo suverenih država sa
malim brojem stanovnika:
malim brojem stanovnika:
03:40
Liberia, four million;
Cape Verde, 500,000.
Cape Verde, 500,000.
49
208534
3042
Liberija, 4 miliona;
Obala Slonovače, 500000.
Obala Slonovače, 500000.
03:43
Pan-Africa gives you one billion people,
50
211576
2739
Pan-Afrika ima milijardu stanovnika,
03:46
granted across 55 countries
with trade barriers and other impediments,
with trade barriers and other impediments,
51
214315
4157
smještenih u 55 zemalja sa trgovinskim
barijerama i drugim preprekama.,
barijerama i drugim preprekama.,
03:50
but our ancestors traded
across the continent
across the continent
52
218472
3233
ali su naši preci trgovali
po čitavom kontinentu
po čitavom kontinentu
03:53
before Europeans drew lines around us.
53
221705
2577
prije nego što su nas
Evropljani ograničili.
Evropljani ograničili.
03:56
The pan-African opportunities
outweigh the challenges,
outweigh the challenges,
54
224282
3437
Mogućnosti u pan-Africi
nadmašuju sve izazove,
nadmašuju sve izazove,
03:59
and that's why we're expanding
Stawi's markets from just Kenya
Stawi's markets from just Kenya
55
227719
3436
i zbog toga proširujemo mrežu
marketa Stavi iz Kenije
marketa Stavi iz Kenije
04:03
to Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana,
and anywhere else that will buy our food.
and anywhere else that will buy our food.
56
231155
4365
u Alžir, Nigeriju, Ganu,
i svuda đe će ljudi kupovati našu hranu.
i svuda đe će ljudi kupovati našu hranu.
04:07
We hope to help solve food security,
empower farmers, create jobs,
empower farmers, create jobs,
57
235520
3994
Nadamo se da ćemo riješiti problem
sigurnosti hrane, osposobiti farmere,
sigurnosti hrane, osposobiti farmere,
otvoriti radna mjesta,
pomoći razvoj ekonomije,
pomoći razvoj ekonomije,
04:11
develop the local economy,
and we hope to become rich in the process.
and we hope to become rich in the process.
58
239514
4434
i da ćemo se usput i obogatiti.
Iako ovo nije najprivlačniji način,
04:15
While it's not the sexiest approach,
59
243948
2219
04:18
and maybe it doesn't
achieve the same feel-good
achieve the same feel-good
60
246167
2248
i možda ne daje isti osjećaj zadovoljstva
04:20
as giving a woman 100 dollars
to buy a goat on kiva.org,
to buy a goat on kiva.org,
61
248415
3891
kao kad date ženi 100 dolara
da kupi kozu preko interneta,
da kupi kozu preko interneta,
04:24
perhaps supporting fewer,
higher-impact entrepreneurs
higher-impact entrepreneurs
62
252306
3925
možda podrška manjem broju preduzetnika,
preduzetnika sa snažnijim uticajem,
preduzetnika sa snažnijim uticajem,
04:28
to build massive businesses
that scale pan-Africa
that scale pan-Africa
63
256231
2973
da izgrade ogromna preduzeća
na čitavom prostoru pan-Afrike,
na čitavom prostoru pan-Afrike,
04:31
can help change this.
64
259204
3160
može da pomogne da se promijeni ovo.
04:34
The political freedom
for which our forebearers fought
for which our forebearers fought
65
262364
4554
Politička sloboda za koju su se
borili naši preci
borili naši preci
04:38
is meaningless without economic freedom.
66
266918
3718
je beznačajna u odsustvu
ekonomske slobode.
ekonomske slobode.
04:43
We hope to aid this fight
for economic freedom
for economic freedom
67
271326
2810
Nadamo se da ćemo pomoći ovu
borbu za ekonomsku slobodu
borbu za ekonomsku slobodu
04:46
by building world-class businesses,
68
274136
2461
tako što ćemo graditi preduzeća
svjetske klase,
svjetske klase,
04:48
creating indigenous wealth,
69
276597
1974
tako što ćemo kreirati domaće bogatstvo,
04:50
providing jobs that we
so desperately need,
so desperately need,
70
278571
3134
obezbjeđivati poslove koje tako očajnički
trebamo,
trebamo,
04:53
and hopefully helping achieve this.
71
281705
3197
i, nadamo se, pomoći da se
sve ovo ostvari.
sve ovo ostvari.
04:57
Africa shall rise.
72
285792
2902
Afrika će ustati.
05:00
Thank you.
73
288694
1556
Hvala vam.
05:02
(Applause)
74
290250
5758
(Aplauz)
05:09
Tom Rielly: So Sangu, of course,
this is strong rhetoric.
this is strong rhetoric.
75
297471
3994
Tom Rajli: Dakle, Sangu, ovo je snažna
retorika, naravno.
retorika, naravno.
05:13
You're making 100 percent contrast
between microcredit
between microcredit
76
301465
2995
Pravite veliku razliku
između mikrokredita i redovnih ulaganja,
između mikrokredita i redovnih ulaganja,
05:16
and regular investment
and growing regular investment.
and growing regular investment.
77
304460
4365
tj. rastućih redovnih ulaganja.
05:20
Do you think there is
a role for microcredit at all?
a role for microcredit at all?
78
308825
2452
Mislite li da uopšte postoji
uloga za mikrokredite?
uloga za mikrokredite?
05:23
Sangu Delle: I think there is a role.
79
311277
2262
Sangu Dele: Mislim da postoji.
05:25
Microcredit has been a great,
innovative way
innovative way
80
313539
2554
Mikrokrediti su bili sjajan,
inovativan način
inovativan način
05:28
to expand financial access
to the bottom of the pyramid.
to the bottom of the pyramid.
81
316093
3970
da se finansijski pristup proširi
i na dno piramide.
i na dno piramide.
05:32
But for the problems we face in Africa,
82
320063
2252
Ali za probleme sa kojima se
suočavamo u Africi,
suočavamo u Africi,
05:34
when we are looking
at the Marshall Plan
at the Marshall Plan
83
322315
1889
kada gledamo Maršalov plan
05:36
to revitalize war-torn Europe,
84
324204
1617
za obnovu ratom razorene Evrope,
05:37
it was not full of donations of sheep.
85
325821
2083
vidimo da nije bio pun donacija ovaca.
05:39
We need more than just microcredit.
86
327904
1722
Treba nam više od mikrokredita.
05:41
We need more than just give 200 dollars.
87
329626
2131
Potrebno nam je više od davanja
200 dolara.
200 dolara.
05:43
We need to build big businesses,
and we need jobs.
and we need jobs.
88
331757
3074
Treba nam da gradimo velika preduzeća,
potrebni su nam poslovi.
potrebni su nam poslovi.
05:46
TR: Very good. Thank you so much.
89
334831
2396
Tom Rajli: U redu. Hvala Vam puno.
05:49
(Applause)
90
337227
2665
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - EntrepreneurSangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.
Why you should listen
Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.
At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group.
Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma. GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.
Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference.
Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.
Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com