EG 2007
Nicholas Negroponte: One Laptop per Child, two years on
尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝：每童一电脑计划的两年进展
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
470,234 views
尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝谈论每个孩子一台笔记本电脑项目两年来的进展. 在第一批XO笔记本电脑生产出来时, 他在EG会议上概述关于该项目的争论, 并且重申了这个意义深远的项目的意义.
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Most people don't know that when I went to high school in this country --
0
0
4000
多数人都不知道，当我在这个国家上高中的时候，
00:16
I applied for university at a time when I was convinced
1
4000
4000
在申请大学时我坚信
00:20
I was going to be an artist and be a sculptor.
2
8000
2000
我会成为一名艺术家， 一名雕刻家
00:22
And I came from a very privileged background. I was very lucky.
3
10000
3000
我非常幸运地诞生于一殷实之家。
00:25
My family was wealthy, and my father believed in one thing,
4
13000
5000
我的父亲坚信一点，
00:30
and that was to give us all as much education as we wanted.
5
18000
3000
就是让尽量我们想得到的教育，
00:33
And I announced I wanted to be a sculptor in Paris.
6
21000
2000
这时我告诉他我想到巴黎去做一名雕刻家。
00:35
And he was a clever man. He sort of said,
7
23000
2000
我父亲非常聪明，他当时大概是这么说得，
00:37
"Well, that's OK, but you've done very well in your math SATs."
8
25000
4000
"嗯，那是个不错的选择。但是你的SAT数学成绩不错啊。"
00:41
In fact, I'd got an 800. And he thought I did very well -- and I did, too -- in the arts:
9
29000
5000
事实上，我得了满分。他还认为我在艺术方面做得非常好，我也是这么认为的。
00:46
this was my passion.
10
34000
2000
那是我的激情所在。
00:49
And he said "If you go to MIT," to which I had been given early admission,
11
37000
3000
接下来我父亲说，“如果你去MIT，”当时我已经获得了MIT的提前录取，
00:52
"I will pay for every year you're at MIT,
12
40000
4000
“我会为你在MIT的每一年支付学费,
00:56
in graduate or undergraduate -- as much as you want --
13
44000
2000
不管是研究生还是本科，只要你想读
00:58
I will pay for an equal number of years for you to live in Paris."
14
46000
3000
我会为你打算在巴黎生活的同样多的年份付钱。”
01:01
And I thought that was the best deal in town, so I accepted it immediately.
15
49000
4000
我想，那大概是我能得到的最好待遇，所以我立即接受了。
01:05
And I decided that if I was good in art, and I was good in mathematics,
16
53000
3000
接下来，既然我在艺术和数学方面都取得了不错的成绩，
01:08
I'd study architecture, which was the blending of the two.
17
56000
3000
那么我应该学建筑，因为它同时兼具两者。
01:11
I went and told my headmaster that, at prep school.
18
59000
3000
我去把这个决定告诉了预科学校的校长。
01:14
And I said to him what I was doing, that I was going to go study architecture
19
62000
5000
我告诉了他我在做什么，以及接下来我要学习建筑，
01:19
because it was art and mathematics put together.
20
67000
4000
因为它是艺术和数学的结合。
01:23
He said to me something that just went completely over my head.
21
71000
4000
校长对我说了一些我完全不能理解的东西，
01:27
He said, "You know, I like grey suits, and I like pin-striped suits,
22
75000
5000
他说：“我喜欢灰色的西装，我也喜欢条纹西装，
01:32
but I don't like grey pin-striped suits."
23
80000
3000
但是我不喜欢灰色的条纹西装。”
01:36
And I thought, "What a turkey this guy is," and I went off to MIT.
24
84000
4000
我想：“这真是一个不中用的家伙。”然后我去了MIT。
01:40
I studied architecture, then did a second degree in architecture,
25
88000
3000
我读了建筑学的学位，接下来又读了一个建筑学的学位，
01:43
and then actually quickly realized that it wasn't architecture.
26
91000
5000
然后很快地认识到，建筑学并非我之所好。
01:49
That really, the mixing of art and science was computers,
27
97000
4000
事实上，计算机才是我之所好，
01:54
and that that really was the place to bring both, and enjoyed a career doing that.
28
102000
4000
才是艺术与科学两者兼具，并且可作为一个职业来从事的领域。
01:58
And probably, if I were to fill out Jim Citrin's scale,
29
106000
6000
也许，如果让我填写吉姆西特林的测试，
02:04
I'd put 100 percent on the side of the equation
30
112000
4000
我会在衡量你花多少时间
02:08
where you spend time making it possible for others to be creative.
31
116000
4000
来帮助别人更具创造性的等式一边写上100%。
02:13
And after doing this for a long time, and the Media Lab passing the baton on,
32
121000
5000
在做了很长一段时间之后，尤其在媒体实验室顺利交接以后，
02:18
I thought, "Well, maybe it's time for me to do a project.
33
126000
2000
我想，现在大概是我去做一个项目的时候了，
02:20
Something that would be important, but also something
34
128000
4000
去做一些重要，但同时
02:24
that would take advantage of all of these privileges that one had."
35
132000
4000
能够充分利用我拥有的所有资源的事情。
02:28
And in the case of the Media Lab, knowing a lot of people,
36
136000
3000
就媒体实验室来说，这些资源就是可以认识很多人。
02:31
knowing people who were either executives or wealthy,
37
139000
5000
认识一些高官和富人，
02:36
and also not having, in my own case, a career to worry about anymore.
38
144000
5000
并且，就我自己的例子来说，我不再需要担心自己的事业。
02:41
My career, I mean, I'd done my career.
39
149000
2000
我的事业，我是说，我的事业已很成功。
02:43
Didn't have to worry about earning money.
40
151000
2000
我不再需要为挣钱汲汲度日；
02:45
Didn't have to worry about what people thought about me.
41
153000
3000
不再需要担心其他人是怎么看我的。
02:48
And I said, "Boy, let's really do something that takes advantage of all these features,"
42
156000
6000
然后我对自己说：“让我们来做一些能充分利用这些优势的事情吧。”
02:54
and thought that if we could address education, by leveraging the children,
43
162000
4000
我想：“如果我们可以借助儿童的力量来解决教育问题，
02:58
and bringing to the world the access of the computers,
44
166000
4000
并且让整个世界都可有使用电脑的机会，
03:02
that that was really the thing we should do.
45
170000
3000
那么这真的是件应行之事。”
03:06
Never shown this picture before, and probably going to be sued for it.
46
174000
3000
我还没有把这个照片给人看过，也许还会因为这个被告上法庭。
03:09
It's taken at three o'clock in the morning, without the permission of the company.
47
177000
2000
这是在未经公司允许的情况下于凌晨三点拍摄的。
03:11
It's about two weeks old. There they are, folks.
48
179000
4000
这大概是两周之前。朋友们，这就是那些电脑。
03:15
(Applause)
49
183000
1000
(鼓掌)
03:16
If you look at the picture, you'll see they're stacked up.
50
184000
4000
从照片上你可以看到，他们已经被堆积了起来。
03:20
Those are conveyor belts that go around.
51
188000
3000
那些是在运转的传送带。
03:23
This is one of the conveyor belts with the thing going by,
52
191000
3000
这是其中的一条，
03:26
but then you'll see the ones up above.
53
194000
3000
然后你会看到在上面的那些电脑。
03:29
What happens is, they burn into flash memory the software,
54
197000
5000
他们正在做的是把软件刻录到闪存中，
03:34
and then test them for a few hours.
55
202000
3000
然后花几个小时的时间去测试。
03:37
But you've got to have the thing moving on the assembly line, because it's constant.
56
205000
4000
但同时在装配线上必须有东西在运转，因为它是恒定的。
03:41
So they go around in this loop, which is why you see them up there.
57
209000
4000
他们按照这个循环来运转，所以你会看到他们在这里。
03:45
So this was great for us because it was a real turning point. But it goes back.
58
213000
4000
这对我们来说很重要，因为这是一个真正的转折点。但这一切都要追溯到以前。
03:49
This picture was taken in 1982, just before the IBM PC was even announced.
59
217000
5000
这张照片是在1982年，就在IBM PC发布之前拍摄的。
03:54
Seymour Papert and I were bringing computers to schools
60
222000
3000
西蒙·派珀特和我在当时将电脑带到了学校和发展中国家，
03:57
and developing nations at a time when it was way ahead of itself.
61
225000
3000
这是一种超前的行为。
04:00
But one thing we learned was that these kids can absolutely jump into it
62
228000
6000
但是我们学到的一点是那些孩子绝对可以很轻松地使用它们，
04:06
just the same way as our kids do here.
63
234000
3000
就如同我们这里的孩子一样。
04:09
And when people tell me, "Who's going to teach the teachers to teach the kids?"
64
237000
3000
当有人问我：“谁来教这些老师以来教这些孩子们呢？”
04:12
I say to myself, "What planet do you come from?"
65
240000
3000
我对自己说：“你是哪星球来的？”
04:15
Okay, there's not a person in this room -- I don't care how techie you are --
66
243000
3000
好吧，在这个房间里不会有哪个人，不管你有多么的精通技术，
04:18
there's not a person in this room that doesn't give their laptop or cell phone to a kid
67
246000
5000
所有人都会乐意把笔记本电脑或者手机交给孩子
04:23
to help them debug it. OK?
68
251000
2000
让他们来帮忙解决问题，对吧？
04:25
We all need help, even those of us who are very seasoned.
69
253000
5000
我们都需要帮助，即便是我们个中老手。
04:30
This picture of Seymour -- 25 years ago. Seymour made a very simple
70
258000
5000
这是西蒙25年前的照片。西蒙作了一个很简单的
04:35
observation in 1968, and then basically presented it in 1970 --
71
263000
5000
观察，那是在1968年，然后他在1970年的时候，
04:40
April 11 to be precise -- called "Teaching Children Thinking."
72
268000
3000
确切点说是1970年4月11日把它展现给了大家，称之为“教孩子们思考”。
04:43
What he observed was that kids who write computer programs
73
271000
4000
他观察到的是会写电脑程序的孩子们
04:47
understand things differently, and when they debug the programs,
74
275000
4000
理解问题的方式是与众不同，并且在他们修正程序中的错误时，
04:51
they come the closest to learning about learning.
75
279000
3000
他们能学到的东西是最多的.
04:54
That was very important, and in some sense, we've lost that.
76
282000
4000
这一点非常重要，而某种程度上来说我们失去了这一点。
04:58
Kids don't program enough and boy,
77
286000
2000
孩子们接触到的编程是远不够的，
05:00
if there's anything I hope this brings back, it's programming to kids.
78
288000
4000
如果有什么是这个项目可以带来的，我希望是带给孩子们编程的可能。
05:04
It's really important. Using applications is OK,
79
292000
4000
这真的非常重要。使用应用程序很重要，
05:08
but programming is absolutely fundamental.
80
296000
3000
但编程绝对是基础。
05:11
This is being launched with three languages in it: Squeak, Logo, and
81
299000
4000
我们已经启动了三种语言的应用：Squeak语言、Logo语言以及
05:15
a third, that I've never even seen before.
82
303000
2000
第三种 — 一种我都不知道的语言。
05:17
The point being, this is going to be very, very intensive on the programming side.
83
305000
3000
这里我想说明的是，编程将会得到额外的重视。
05:20
This photograph is very important because it's much later.
84
308000
4000
这张照片非常重要，因为这是更晚的时候拍的。
05:24
This is in the early 2000s. My son, Dimitri -- who's here,
85
312000
5000
这是在2000年初的时候，我儿子，迪米特里，他今天也在这里，
05:29
many of you know Dimitri -- went to Cambodia, set up this school
86
317000
4000
你们中的很多人都认识他。他去了柬埔寨，去开设
05:33
that we had built, just as the school connected it to the Internet.
87
321000
3000
一家学校，就在那个学校刚刚接入互联网的时候。
05:36
And these kids had their laptops. But it was really what spirited this,
88
324000
6000
这些孩子拿到了他们的笔记本电脑。正是在这些事情
05:42
plus the influence of Joe and others. We started One Laptop per Child.
89
330000
4000
以及乔和其他人的影响和鼓励下，我们启动了每个孩子一台笔记本电脑的项目。
05:46
This is the same village in Cambodia, just a couple of months ago.
90
334000
5000
这是在柬埔寨的同一个村子，就在几个月之前。
05:51
These kids are real pros. There were just 7,000 machines out there
91
339000
4000
这些孩子真的是很专业。那里只有7000台电脑
05:55
being tested by kids. Being a nonprofit is absolutely fundamental.
92
343000
6000
供孩子们使用。作为一个非营利组织存在绝对是非常重要的。
06:01
Everybody advised me not to be a nonprofit, but they were all wrong.
93
349000
4000
每个人都劝我不要成立一个非营利的组织，但他们都错了。
06:05
And the reason being a nonprofit is important is actually twofold.
94
353000
4000
作为非营利组织，它的重要性是有两个原因。
06:09
There are many reasons, but the two that merit the little bit of time is:
95
357000
3000
原因有很多，但这两个值得我们花时间去讲述。
06:12
one, the clarity of purpose is there. The moral purpose is clear.
96
360000
5000
第一，这么做的目的很清晰。道德上的目的很清晰。
06:17
I can see any head of state, any executive I want, at any time, because
97
365000
4000
我可以在任何时候会见任何国家的首脑，任何高官，因为
06:21
I'm not selling laptops. OK? I have no shareholders.
98
369000
4000
我不是在卖笔记本，对吧？对我来说，股东是不存在的。
06:25
Whether we sell, it doesn't make any difference whatsoever.
99
373000
3000
毫无疑问，我们是不是在卖电脑都不会有什么影响的，
06:28
The clarity of purpose is absolutely critical. And the second is very counterintuitive --
100
376000
6000
这个清晰的目的非常重要。第二个原因听起来非常不直观，
06:34
you can get the best people in the world.
101
382000
3000
你能找到这个世界上最棒的人为你工作。
06:37
If you look at our professional services, including search firms,
102
385000
4000
比如说我们的职业服务团队，包括搜索、
06:41
including communications, including legal services, including banking,
103
389000
4000
联络、法律、银行等部门，
06:45
they're all pro bono. And it's not to save money.
104
393000
4000
他们都是免费服务的专业人士。但这不是为了省钱。
06:49
We've got money in the bank. It's because you get the best people.
105
397000
3000
我们不缺钱。这是因为你能找到这个世界上最棒的人。
06:52
You get the people who are doing it because they believe in the mission,
106
400000
3000
你能找到那些因为信仰我们的使命而去做这件事情的人,
06:55
and they're the best people.
107
403000
2000
他们真的是最棒的.
06:57
We couldn't afford to hire a CFO. We put out a job description for a CFO at zero salary,
108
405000
5000
我们负担不起聘请一个首席财务官的开支。我们发布了一个关于首席财务官的职务说明，零薪水，
07:02
and we had a queue of people.
109
410000
3000
然而我们收到了很多人的申请。
07:05
It allows you to team up with people. The U.N.'s not going to be
110
413000
3000
你将有机会参与到一个团队里面去工作。联合国大概不会
07:08
our partner if we're profit making. So announcing this with Kofi Annan
111
416000
3000
成为我们的合作者，如果我们是盈利组织的话。所以，和科菲安南一起来宣布这件事
07:11
was very important, and the U.N. allowed us
112
419000
3000
是非常重要，并且联合国允许我们
07:14
to basically reach all the countries. And this was the machine we were showing
113
422000
6000
把这个项目普及到所有的国家。这台机器是
07:20
before I met Yves Behar.
114
428000
2000
在我遇到维斯·贝哈之前所展示的。
07:22
And while this machine in some sense is silly,
115
430000
4000
虽然从某些角度来说这台机器有点可笑，
07:26
in retrospect, it actually served a very important purpose.
116
434000
2000
但回顾起来，它实际上有一个非常重要的用途。
07:28
That pencil-yellow crank was remembered by everybody.
117
436000
5000
那个黄色曲柄给所有人都留下了深刻印象。
07:33
Everybody remembered the pencil-yellow crank. It's different.
118
441000
3000
每个人都记住了那个黄色曲柄。它很不一样，
07:36
It was getting its power in a different way. It's kind of childlike.
119
444000
3000
它通过一种不同寻常的方式来发电。那有点孩子气。
07:39
Even though this wasn't the direction we went because the crank --
120
447000
4000
虽然这不是我们的最终做法，因为这个曲柄，
07:43
it really is stupid to have it on board, by the way.
121
451000
2000
顺便提一句, 把它装在笔记本电脑上真的很傻。
07:45
In spite of what some people in the press don't get it, didn't understand it,
122
453000
3000
虽然有些媒体人搞不明白，不理解，
07:48
we didn't take it off because we didn't want to do --
123
456000
4000
我们没有因为不想就没把它拿掉，
07:52
having it on the laptop itself is really not what you want.
124
460000
3000
你真的不想在笔记本上加那么个东西。
07:55
You want a separate thing, like the AC adaptor.
125
463000
3000
你希望它是一个单独存在的东西，比如说电源适配器。
07:58
I didn't bring one with me, but they really work much better off-board.
126
466000
4000
我今天没有把它带在身边，把他们拿掉真的会效果更好。
08:02
And then, I could tell you lots about the laptop, but I decided on just four things.
127
470000
5000
接下来我可以告诉你关于这个笔记本电脑的很多信息，我会告诉你们四个方面：
08:07
Just keep in mind -- because there are other people, including Bill Gates,
128
475000
4000
记住一点：因为有些人，包括比尔盖茨，
08:11
who said, "Gee, you've got a real computer."
129
479000
3000
说过：“哇，这是一台真正的电脑。”
08:14
That computer is unlike anything you've had, and does things --
130
482000
3000
这台电脑不像你所拥有过的所有东西，而且以你没有接触过的方式工作，
08:17
there are four of them --
131
485000
2000
这共有四个方面。
08:19
that you don't come close to. And it's very important to be low power,
132
487000
3000
首先耗电量低是很重要，
08:22
and I hope that's picked up more by the industry.
133
490000
3000
我也希望工业界能更多地采用这一点。
08:25
That the reason that you want to be below two watts is
134
493000
3000
你想让它的用电量在两瓦特以下的原因是，
08:28
that's roughly what you can generate with your upper body.
135
496000
3000
这大概是你自己身体所能产生的电量。
08:31
Dual-mode display -- that sunlight display's fantastic.
136
499000
2000
双模式显示，在日光下显示真的很棒。
08:33
We were using it at lunch today in the sunlight, and the more sunlight the better.
137
501000
3000
今天午餐的时候我们在日光下使用它，而且日光越足效果越好。
08:36
And that was really critical. The mesh network, it'll become commonplace.
138
504000
4000
这点真的很重要。多通网网络会变得更加普及。
08:40
And of course, "rugged" goes without saying.
139
508000
3000
当然，结实就不用说了。
08:43
And the reason I think design matters isn't because I wanted to go to art school.
140
511000
3000
我觉得设计很重要并不是因为我之前想上艺术学校。
08:46
And by the way, when I graduated from MIT,
141
514000
3000
顺便说一句，我从MIT毕业的时候，
08:49
I thought the worst and silliest thing to do would be to go to Paris for six years. (Laughter)
142
517000
2000
我认为想去巴黎待六年大概是这个世界上最蠢的事情。
08:52
So, I didn't do that. But design matters for a number of reasons.
143
520000
4000
所以我没有去。但是设计本身很重要，这体现在很多方面。
08:56
The most important being that it is the best way to make an inexpensive product.
144
524000
4000
最重要的一点是，那是制作便宜产品的最好方式。
09:00
Most people make inexpensive products by taking cheap design,
145
528000
4000
大多数人生产便宜产品的方式是使用便宜的设计、
09:04
cheap labor, cheap components, and making a cheap laptop.
146
532000
4000
便宜的劳动力、便宜的部件，从而生产便宜的笔记本电脑。
09:08
And, in English, the word "cheap" has
147
536000
3000
在英语里面"cheap"这个词
09:11
a double meaning, which is really appropriate,
148
539000
3000
有两重意思，用在这里再恰当不过了。
09:14
because it's cheap, in the pejorative sense, as well as inexpensive.
149
542000
4000
因为他们低贱，这里是贬义，以及便宜。
09:18
But if you take a different approach, and you think of very large-scale integration,
150
546000
4000
但是如果你用另外一种方式去做，用一种高度集成的方式、
09:22
very advanced materials, very advanced manufacturing --
151
550000
3000
使用非常先进的材料、先进的制作工艺，
09:25
so you're pouring chemicals in one end, iPods are spewing out the other --
152
553000
2000
那么你输入的是化学原料，得到的是像iPod一样的产品，
09:27
and really cool design, that's what we wanted to do.
153
555000
4000
非常酷的设计，这才是我们想要做的。
09:31
And I can race through these and save a lot of time because
154
559000
2000
我可以很快地讲完这些从而节省一些时间，因为
09:33
Yves and I obviously didn't compare notes.
155
561000
3000
很明显维斯和我都没有对照各自的笔记。
09:36
These are his slides, and so I don't have to talk about them.
156
564000
4000
这些是他的幻灯片，所以我不需要在这里讲述他们。
09:40
But it was really, to us, very important as a strategy.
157
568000
6000
但对我们来说，这真的是一个很重要的策略。
09:46
It wasn't just to kind of make it cute, because somebody --
158
574000
4000
这并不是简单地把它做得很可爱，因为对某些人来说，
09:50
you know, good design is very important.
159
578000
2000
好的设计是非常重要的。
09:52
Yves showed one of the power-generating devices.
160
580000
5000
维斯演示了其中的一种发电设备。
09:57
The mesh network, the reason I -- and I won't go into it in great detail --
161
585000
5000
多通网网路，在这里我不详述。
10:02
but when we deliver laptops to kids in the remotest and poorest parts of the world,
162
590000
3000
但是当我们把笔记本电脑送到世界上最偏远最贫困地区的孩子们手里时，
10:05
they're connected. There's not just laptops.
163
593000
3000
他们是互联的。那并不只是笔记本电脑而已。
10:08
And so, we have to drop in satellite dishes. We put in generators.
164
596000
3000
所以我们要在那里设置卫星天线。我们要设置发电装置。
10:11
It's a lot of stuff that goes behind these. These can talk to each other.
165
599000
3000
而且在这些背后还有很多很多的东西。他们可以互相跟对方通信。
10:14
If you're in a desert, they can talk to each other about two kilometers apart.
166
602000
4000
如果在一个沙漠里，他们可以在两公里之外互相通信。
10:18
If you're in the jungle, it's about 500 meters. So if a kid bicycles home,
167
606000
4000
如果你在丛林地带，这个距离大概是500米。就比方说，如果一个孩子骑车回家，
10:22
or walks a few miles, they're going to be off the grid, so to speak.
168
610000
3000
或者走远了几英里，那么他们将脱离这个网络。
10:25
They're not going to be near another laptop,
169
613000
3000
他们不会总是在另外一个笔记本旁边，
10:28
so you have to nail these onto a tree, and sort of, get it.
170
616000
3000
所以你必须把设备钉在树上，然后，某种程度上来说，建立这个网络。
10:31
You don't call Verizon or Sprint. You build your own network.
171
619000
4000
我们没法叫Verizon或者Sprint来安装这些。我们必须组建自己的网络。
10:35
And that's very important, the user interface.
172
623000
3000
并且用户界面也很重要。
10:38
We are launching with 18 keyboards. English is by far the minority.
173
626000
4000
我们在启动这个项目时设计了18种键盘。到目前为止只有少数是英语键盘。
10:42
Latin is relatively rare, too. You just look at some of the languages.
174
630000
3000
拉丁语的也很少见。看看这些语言，
10:45
I'm willing to suspect some of you hadn't even heard of them before.
175
633000
4000
我很乐意去怀疑各位之前可能根本没有见过其中的一些语言。
10:49
Is there anybody in the room, one person, unless you work with OLPC,
176
637000
5000
有没有人，哪怕只有一个，除非你是为OLPC工作的，
10:54
is there anybody in the room that can tell me what language
177
642000
3000
在座的有没有人可以告诉我
10:57
the keyboard is that's on the screen? There's only one hand -- so you get it.
178
645000
6000
屏幕上这个键盘是什么语言的？我看到只有一只手举起来，所以你就清楚了情况是怎么样的。
11:03
Yes, you're right. He's right. It's Amharic,
179
651000
4000
对，你说的对，他说的对。是阿姆哈拉语，
11:07
it's Ethiopian. In Ethiopia, there's never been a keyboard.
180
655000
3000
是埃塞俄比亚的语言。埃塞俄比亚从来没有过键盘。
11:10
There is no keyboard standard because there's no market.
181
658000
3000
那里没有键盘标准，因为那里没有市场。
11:13
And this is the big difference.
182
661000
3000
这是很大的不同点。
11:16
Again, when you're a nonprofit, you look at children as a mission, not as a market.
183
664000
3000
再一次地，当你是非盈利组织时，你把孩子们看成是一个使命，而不是一个市场。
11:19
So we went to Ethiopia, and we helped them make a keyboard.
184
667000
4000
所以我们去了埃塞俄比亚，帮助他们设计了一个键盘。
11:23
And this will become the standard Ethiopian keyboard.
185
671000
3000
这将成为标准埃塞俄比亚语键盘。
11:26
So what I want to end with is sort of what we're doing to roll it out.
186
674000
3000
最后我想说的是，我们现在在笔记本投放上的进度。
11:29
And we changed strategy completely. I decided at the beginning --
187
677000
3000
我们从根本上改变了我们的策略。开始的时候我决定，
11:32
it was a pretty good thing to decide in the beginning,
188
680000
3000
在当时看来是一件很美好的东西，
11:35
it's not what we're doing now -- is to go to six countries.
189
683000
3000
但是不是我们现在正在做的，我们将把他们先投放到六个国家。
11:38
Big countries, one of them is not so big, but it's rich.
190
686000
3000
大国，其中的一个不是很大，但很富裕。
11:41
Here's the six. We went to the six,
191
689000
3000
这是那六个国家。我们去了这六个国家，
11:44
and in each case the head of state said he would do it, he'd do a million.
192
692000
3000
每一个国家的政府首脑都说，他愿意这么做，他愿意投放一百万台。
11:47
In the case of Gaddafi, he'd do 1.2 million, and that they would launch it.
193
695000
4000
以卡扎菲为例，他愿意采购120万台，并且他们会启动它。
11:51
We thought, this is exactly the right strategy, get it out,
194
699000
4000
我们想，这正是我们应该执行的正确的策略，把他们投放出去，
11:55
and then the little countries could sort of piggyback on these big countries.
195
703000
2000
然后小国家可以某种程度上参照这些大国家。
11:57
And so I went to each of those countries
196
705000
3000
所以我去了这些国家，
12:00
at least six times, met with the head of state probably two or three times.
197
708000
3000
每一个都至少六次，大概与国家元首会见了两到三次。
12:03
In each case, got the ministers, went through a lot of the stuff.
198
711000
3000
在每一个国家我都会见了政府官员们，向他们讲述很多相关的东西。
12:06
This was a period in my life where I was traveling 330 days per year.
199
714000
3000
那一段时期我一年大概有330天都是在旅行。
12:09
Not something you'd envy or want to do.
200
717000
3000
这并不是一样你会嫉妒或者想要去做的事情。
12:12
In the case of Libya, it was a lot of fun meeting Gaddafi in his tent.
201
720000
5000
比如说在利比亚，在卡扎菲的帐篷中会见他很有趣。
12:17
The camel smells were unbelievable.
202
725000
3000
但骆驼的味道简直难以置信。
12:20
And it was 45 degrees C. I mean, this was not
203
728000
4000
并且当时那里是摄氏45度。我是说，这并不是
12:24
what you'd call a cool experience. And former countries --
204
732000
4000
一段你会称之为有趣的经历。之前的国家，
12:28
I say former, because none of them really came through this summer --
205
736000
2000
这里我说之前是因为他们没能在这个夏天做到。
12:30
there was a big difference between getting a head of state
206
738000
4000
我们所做的事情和有机会跟国家元首
12:34
to have a photo opportunity, make a press release.
207
742000
2000
一起拍照，一起召开一个新闻发布会有很大不同，
12:36
So we went to smaller ones. Uruguay, bless their hearts.
208
744000
3000
然后我们去了小国家。乌拉圭，上帝保佑他们。
12:39
Small country, not so rich. President said he'd do it, and guess what?
209
747000
3000
这是一个小国家，并不富有。总统说他愿意做这件事情，你猜接下来发生了什么？
12:42
He did do it. The tender had nothing in it that related to us,
210
750000
4000
他真的做了。投标过程没有任何一点跟我们有关的东西，
12:46
nothing specific about sunlight-readable, mesh-network, low-power,
211
754000
3000
没有任何具体的关于日光下可读、多通网网络、低电压的描述，
12:49
but just a vanilla laptop proposal.
212
757000
3000
而只是一个香草颜色的笔记本电脑提案。
12:52
And guess what? We won it hands down.
213
760000
2000
接下来又发生了什么呢？我们拿到了这个投标。
12:54
When it was announced that they were going to do every child in Uruguay,
214
762000
4000
当他们宣布要为乌拉圭的每一个孩子配备一台笔记本时，
12:58
the first 100,000, boom, went to OLPC.
215
766000
2000
砰，OLPC拿到了第一个十万台电脑的订单。
13:00
The next day -- the next day, not even 24 hours had passed -- in Peru,
216
768000
3000
第二天，就在第二天，甚至都没有过24小时，在秘鲁，
13:03
the president of Peru said, "We'll do 250." And boom, a little domino effect.
217
771000
3000
秘鲁总统说，我们要25万台。然后一个小的多米诺效应出现了。
13:06
The president of Rwanda stepped in and said he would do it.
218
774000
3000
接下来卢旺达总统说他也要做这件事情。
13:09
The president of Ethiopia said he would do it.
219
777000
3000
再接下来是埃塞俄比亚总统。
13:12
And boom, boom, boom. The president of Mongolia.
220
780000
2000
然后砰砰砰。蒙古总统。
13:14
And so what happens is, these things start to happen with these countries --
221
782000
3000
接下来发生的是，这些国家真正地开始实施这个项目。
13:17
still not enough.
222
785000
2000
但这还远不够。
13:19
Add up all those countries, it didn't quite get to thing, so we said,
223
787000
5000
算上所有这些国家还是远远不够。所以我们决定，
13:24
"Let's start a program in the United States." So, end of August, early September,
224
792000
5000
在美国启动一个项目。所以在八月底九月初，
13:29
we decide to do this. We announced it near the middle, end --
225
797000
3000
我们决定开始这么做。我们在年中接近年底的时候宣布了这个计划，
13:32
just when the Clinton Initiative was taking place.
226
800000
3000
就在克林顿基金会刚刚成立的时候。
13:35
We thought that was a good time to announce it.
227
803000
2000
我们想那是一个宣布这项计划的合适的时机。
13:37
Launched it on the 12 of November.
228
805000
3000
我们在11月12号启动了这个项目。
13:40
We said it would be just for a short period until the 26. We've extended it until the 31.
229
808000
5000
当时我们说这将是一个短期的计划，到26号为止。我们把它延长到了12月31号。
13:45
And the "Give One, Get One" program is really important because
230
813000
4000
这个买二捐一的计划很重要。
13:49
it got a lot of people absolutely interested.
231
817000
5000
因为它吸引了更多对这个项目有兴趣的人们、
13:54
The first day it was just wild. And then we said,
232
822000
5000
项目启动的第一天非常振奋人心。然后接下来我们决定，
13:59
"Well, let's get people to give many. Not just one, and get one,
233
827000
4000
让人们可以捐献更多吧。不只是买二捐一，
14:03
but maybe give 100, give 1,000." And that's where you come in.
234
831000
4000
而是可以捐100台、1000台。然后你们来到了这里。
14:07
And that's where I think it's very important. I don't want you all to go out and
235
835000
3000
这是为什么我认为它很重要。我并不是想要你们出去
14:10
buy 400 dollars worth of laptops. Okay? Do it, but that's not going to help. Okay?
236
838000
6000
花400美元买笔记本电脑，好吧？去买，但是那并不能提供什么帮助，对吧？
14:16
If everybody in this room goes out tonight and orders one of these things for 400 dollars,
237
844000
3000
如果在座的每个人今晚都去买上400块钱的东西，
14:19
whatever it is, 300 people in the room doing it -- yeah, great.
238
847000
4000
不管是什么，假如在座有300个人去做这件事情，那么，这是一件多么伟大的事情。
14:23
I want you do something else.
239
851000
3000
但我想让你们做一些其他的事情。
14:26
And it's not to go out and buy 100 or 1,000, though,
240
854000
3000
我不是要让你们去买100或者1000台电脑，
14:29
I invite you to do that, and 10,000 would be even better.
241
857000
3000
虽然我欢迎你们这样做，而且买一万台的话更好。
14:32
Tell people about it! It's got to become viral, OK?
242
860000
4000
我希望你们可以告诉更多的人这件事情。它应该被广泛地传播开来，对吧？
14:36
Use your mailing lists. People in this room have extraordinary mailing lists.
243
864000
5000
利用你的邮件列表。在座的各位都有不同寻常的邮件列表。
14:41
Get your friends to give one, get one.
244
869000
3000
让你的朋友也来买二捐一。
14:44
And if each one of you sends it to 300 or 400 people, that would be fantastic.
245
872000
4000
如果你们每个人都把它发送给三百或者四百个人，那将是一件非常美妙的事情。
14:48
I won't dwell on the pricing at all.
246
876000
3000
如果是我，我不会花太多的篇幅在价格上。
14:51
Just to say that when you do the "Give One, Get One,"
247
879000
3000
如果在你传播买二捐一时只提到价格，
14:54
a lot of press is a bit about, "They didn't make it, it's 188 dollars, it's not 100."
248
882000
5000
很多媒体都会说：“他们没做到所承诺的，这个电脑卖188美元，而不是100美元。”
14:59
It will be 100 in two years. It will go below 100.
249
887000
3000
两年后它会是100美元。它将会降低至100美元以下。
15:03
We've pledged not to add features, but to bring that price down.
250
891000
4000
我们保证过不会添加新的功能，而是会把价格降低。
15:07
But it was the countries that wanted it to go up, and
251
895000
3000
但是是那些国家想让价格高一些，
15:10
we let them push it up for all sorts of reasons. So what you can do --
252
898000
3000
所以我们就让他们把价格提高，因为各种各样的原因。所以，你可以做的，
15:13
I've just said it. Don't just give one, get one.
253
901000
3000
就像我说的。不要只是买二捐一。
15:16
I just want to end with one last one. This one is not even
254
904000
2000
我想以一个最新的消息来结束我的演讲。这件事情
15:18
24-hours old, or maybe it's 24-hours.
255
906000
3000
发生在不到24小时前，或者大概就是在24小时前。
15:21
The first kids got their laptops. They got them by ship,
256
909000
4000
第一批孩子拿到了他们的笔记本电脑。是用船运到的，
15:25
and I'm talking now about 7,000, 8,000 at a time went out this week.
257
913000
3000
然后我们这周大概有七千到八千台运送出去。
15:28
They went to Uruguay, Peru, Mexico.
258
916000
5000
这些电脑被送到了乌拉圭、秘鲁、墨西哥。
15:33
And it's been slow coming, and we're only making about 5,000 a week,
259
921000
4000
进程有些慢，我们每周只能生产五千台，
15:37
but we hope, we hope, sometime in next year,
260
925000
5000
我们希望，明年的某个时候，
15:42
maybe by the middle of the year,
261
930000
2000
大概明年年中，
15:44
to hit a million a month. Now put that number,
262
932000
4000
可以达到每个月生产一百万台。提到这个数字，
15:48
and a million isn't so much. It's not a big number.
263
936000
2000
一百万并不算多。这不是一个很大的数目。
15:50
We're selling a billion cell phones worldwide this year.
264
938000
3000
全世界每年有10亿台手机售出.
15:53
But a million a month in laptop-land is a big number.
265
941000
3000
但在笔记本的世界里，每个月一百万台的确是一个很大的数字。
15:56
And the world production today, everybody combined, making laptops,
266
944000
4000
现在全世界的生产量，算上生产笔记本的所有企业，
16:00
is five million a month. So I'm standing here telling you that sometime next year,
267
948000
4000
大概是每月五百万台。所以我在这里想告诉你们的是，明年的某个时候，
16:04
we're going to make 20 percent of the world production.
268
952000
3000
我们将会占据这个世界上笔记本电脑生产量的20%。
16:07
And if we do that, there are going to be a lot of lucky kids out there.
269
955000
4000
如果我们能够做到，世界上将会有更多幸运的孩子。
16:11
And we hope if you have EG two years from now,
270
959000
4000
所以我们希望，如果两年后你们还会举行EG，
16:15
or whenever you have it again,
271
963000
2000
或者其他的任何时候，
16:17
I won't have bad breath, and I will be invited back,
272
965000
4000
我不会让人感到厌烦，我会被邀请回来，
16:21
and will have, hopefully by then, maybe 100 million out there to children.
273
969000
3000
并且希望到时候已经有了一亿台笔记本给孩子们。
16:24
Thank you.
274
972000
1000
谢谢。
16:25
(Applause)
275
973000
3000
(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionaryThe founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.
Why you should listen
A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.
But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com