TEDWomen 2010
Hanna Rosin: New data on the rise of women
漢娜羅辛：女性崛起的新數據
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漢娜羅辛談論到這些令人吃驚的新數據，顯示女性在許多重要要測量基準上都超越了男性，像是大學畢業的比率。這些以美國為中心、或全球化的趨勢，是否為「男性終點」的標誌？或許不是，但此指出了一個值得被討論的社會變遷。
Hanna Rosin - Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda. Full bio
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment
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我們正在經歷驚人且前所未有的時刻
00:18
where the power dynamics between men and women
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此時男人和女人之間的權力，
00:20
are shifting very rapidly,
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正迅速的移轉。
00:23
and in many of the places where it counts the most,
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在許多重量級的領域，
00:25
women are, in fact, taking control of everything.
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女人正在掌管一切。
00:28
In my mother's day, she didn't go to college.
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在我母親那個時代，她沒有上大學，
00:30
Not a lot of women did.
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大部分的女人都沒有。
00:32
And now, for every two men who get a college degree,
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而如今，每兩個男性得到大學學位的同時，
00:35
three women will do the same.
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就有三個女人亦達到相同成就。
00:37
Women, for the first time this year,
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在今年女性首度
00:39
became the majority of the American workforce.
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成為美國勞動力的多數人口，
00:41
And they're starting to dominate lots of professions --
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且她們開始在許多職業中佔重要地位—
00:44
doctors, lawyers,
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醫生、律師、
00:46
bankers, accountants.
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銀行家、會計師...
00:48
Over 50 percent of managers are women these days,
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現今有超過半數的經理人皆為女性，
00:51
and in the 15 professions
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預計在未來十年
00:53
projected to grow the most in the next decade,
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會大幅成長的十五種職業領域中，
00:55
all but two of them are dominated by women.
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有十三種會被女性所主宰。
00:57
So the global economy is becoming a place
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故可知女性在全球經濟場域中，
00:59
where women are more successful than men,
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表現已逐漸比男性突出，
01:01
believe it or not,
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信不信由你。
01:03
and these economic changes
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這些在經濟上的改變
01:05
are starting to rapidly affect our culture --
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正開始迅速的影響我們的文化—
01:07
what our romantic comedies look like,
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我們的浪漫喜劇、
01:09
what our marriages look like,
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我們的婚姻形式、
01:11
what our dating lives look like,
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我們的男女交往方式、
01:13
and our new set of superheroes.
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以及我們對超級英雄的新詮釋。
01:15
For a long time, this is the image of American manhood that dominated --
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長久以來，這就是美國男子氣概的形象：
01:18
tough, rugged,
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剛硬、粗曠、
01:20
in control of his own environment.
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掌控著自己的領域。
01:22
A few years ago, the Marlboro Man was retired
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萬保龍先生在幾年前已退休了（譯註：萬寶龍曾在廣告中以牛仔強調自家商品的男子氣概）
01:24
and replaced by this
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取而代之的是這個—
01:26
much less impressive specimen,
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不那麼令人印象深刻的典型—
01:28
who is a parody of American manhood,
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美國男子氣概的搞怪版，
01:30
and that's what we have in our commercials today.
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這就是我們現在的廣告。
01:33
The phrase "first-born son"
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「長子」這個字眼
01:35
is so deeply ingrained in our consciousness
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在我們的腦中是如此根深蒂固，
01:38
that this statistic alone shocked me.
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以致於單單是這個數據就使我震驚：
01:40
In American fertility clinics,
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在美國人工生育診所，
01:42
75 percent of couples
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有四分之三的夫妻
01:44
are requesting girls and not boys.
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要求女孩而非男孩；
01:46
And in places where you wouldn't think,
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並且在你絕對想像不到的地方，
01:48
such as South Korea, India and China,
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像是南韓、印度、和中國，
01:51
the very strict patriarchal societies
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這些嚴格的父系家族長制社會，
01:53
are starting to break down a little,
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正在鬆動，
01:55
and families are no longer
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且這些家庭
01:57
strongly preferring first-born sons.
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不再對長子有著強烈偏愛。
02:00
If you think about this, if you just open your eyes to this possibility
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如果你去思考這件事、如果你張開眼睛看看這個可能性，
02:03
and start to connect the dots,
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並開始連接這些點，
02:05
you can see the evidence everywhere.
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你可以發現證據無所不在，
02:07
You can see it in college graduation patterns,
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在大學的畢業情形、
02:09
in job projections,
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在工作預估、
02:11
in our marriage statistics,
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在我們的婚姻統計數據上。
02:13
you can see it in the Icelandic elections, which you'll hear about later,
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你可以在冰島的選舉中看見，等一下你將會聽到，
02:16
and you can see it on South Korean surveys on son preference,
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你也可以在南韓關於對兒子的偏愛的研究上看到，
02:19
that something amazing and unprecedented
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一些驚人且空前的事情
02:21
is happening with women.
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發生在女性身上。
02:23
Certainly this is not the first time that we've had great progress with women.
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當然這不是女性的第一次重大進展，
02:26
The '20s and the '60s also come to mind.
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1920年代和1960年代也是，
02:29
But the difference is that, back then,
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但不同之處在於，那個時候，
02:31
it was driven by a very passionate feminist movement
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是由試著要實現自身欲望的、
02:34
that was trying to project its own desires,
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熱血的女權運動所推動；
02:36
whereas this time, it's not about passion,
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反之，這次，無關乎激情、
02:38
and it's not about any kind of movement.
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也無關乎任何類型的運動，
02:40
This is really just about the facts
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這完全只繫於，
02:42
of this economic moment that we live in.
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我們所處的經濟時代的現實。
02:44
The 200,000-year period
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二十萬年來
02:46
in which men have been top dog
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男性當道的時期，
02:48
is truly coming to an end, believe it or not,
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已經走到了盡頭，信不信由你，
02:51
and that's why I talk about the "end of men."
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那就是我為何我說這是男性的終點。
02:54
Now all you men out there,
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在座的各位男性，
02:56
this is not the moment where you tune out or throw some tomatoes,
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現在不是裝作沒看到或丟番茄的時候，（譯註：在西方，丟蕃茄有時是表達不滿之意）
02:59
because the point is that this
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因為重點是，
03:01
is happening to all of us.
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這正發生在我們所有人身上。
03:03
I myself have a husband and a father
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我本人有丈夫和父親、
03:06
and two sons whom I dearly love.
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還有兩個我深愛的兒子
03:08
And this is why I like to talk about this,
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這就是為何我想談論這件事，
03:10
because if we don't acknowledge it,
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因為如果我們不承認之，
03:12
then the transition will be pretty painful.
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則過渡期會很痛苦；
03:14
But if we do take account of it,
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但若我們有考慮過，
03:16
then I think it will go much more smoothly.
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則我認為會進行的更加順利。
03:19
I first started thinking about this about a year and a half ago.
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我開始思考這件事是在一年半前，
03:22
I was reading headlines about the recession just like anyone else,
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我那時正在和其他人一樣，閱讀關於經濟衰退的頭條新聞，
03:25
and I started to notice a distinct pattern --
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然後我開始注意到一個明顯的狀況—
03:27
that the recession was affecting men
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那就是經濟不景氣對男性的影響
03:30
much more deeply than it was affecting women.
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遠大於對女性的影響。
03:32
And I remembered back to about 10 years ago
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我記得約十年前，
03:34
when I read a book by Susan Faludi
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當我正閱讀Susan Faludi所著的
03:37
called "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man,"
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《僵局：美國男性的背叛》一書時，
03:40
in which she described how hard the recession had hit men,
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她在書中描述不景氣是如何嚴重打擊了男性，
03:43
and I started to think about
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我開始思考
03:45
whether it had gotten worse this time around in this recession.
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是不是這次的不景氣更嚴重呢？
03:48
And I realized that two things were different this time around.
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然後我意識到這次有兩件事不同：
03:51
The first was that
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首先，
03:53
these were no longer just temporary hits
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這些不再只是不景氣對男性
03:55
that the recession was giving men --
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暫時的衝擊；
03:57
that this was reflecting a deeper
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這反映出全球經濟
03:59
underlying shift in our global economy.
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一個更深層的轉變。
04:01
And second, that the story was no longer
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第二，這不再只關係到
04:03
just about the crisis of men,
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男性的危機，
04:05
but it was also about what was happening to women.
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也關係到女性。
04:07
And now look at this second set of slides.
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現在，來看看第二組投影片：
04:09
These are headlines about what's been going on with women in the next few years.
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這是幾則關於未來幾年將發生關於女性的頭條新聞
04:12
These are things we never could have imagined a few years ago.
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這是我們過去幾年完全無法想像的事情—
04:15
Women, a majority of the workplace.
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女性，職場上的主體。
04:17
And labor statistics: women take up most managerial jobs.
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勞動力統計數據：女性佔管理職務的大半。
04:20
This second set of headlines --
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第二組頭條：
04:22
you can see that families and marriages are starting to shift.
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你可以看到家庭和婚姻開始轉變。
04:25
And look at that last headline --
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再來看最後一則頭條：
04:27
young women earning more than young men.
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年輕女性賺得比男性更多。
04:29
That particular headline comes to me from a market research firm.
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我從一個市調問卷發現這則特別的頭條，
04:32
They were basically asked by one of their clients
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他們被他們的一個客戶詢問：
04:35
who was going to buy houses in that neighborhood in the future.
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未來誰會在該社區購買房屋？
04:38
And they expected that it would be young families,
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他們原以為答案會是年輕小家庭
04:40
or young men, just like it had always been.
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或年輕男性，一如以往。
04:42
But in fact, they found something very surprising.
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但事實上，他們很驚訝的發現，
04:44
It was young, single women
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答案是—年輕單身的女性
04:46
who were the major purchasers of houses in the neighborhood.
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才是該社區中主要的房屋購買者。
04:49
And so they decided, because they were intrigued by this finding,
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因為這項發現激起他們的好奇，
04:52
to do a nationwide survey.
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他們決定要做一個全國性的調查，
04:54
So they spread out all the census data,
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故他們分析了所有統計資料，
04:56
and what they found, the guy described to me as a shocker,
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然後他們發現了，那人很驚訝的向我敘述，
04:59
which is that in 1,997
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就是—在1997年，
05:02
out of 2,000 communities,
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在2000個社區裡面，
05:04
women, young women,
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女性，年輕的女性，
05:06
were making more money than young men.
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賺的錢比年輕男性更多。
05:08
So here you have a generation of young women
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在這個世代，
05:10
who grow up thinking of themselves
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年輕女性成長在
05:12
as being more powerful earners
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覺得自己可以比週遭年輕男性
05:14
than the young men around them.
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更會賺錢的認知中。
05:16
Now, I've just laid out the picture for you,
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我已向你們提出這些景況，
05:19
but I still haven't explained to you why this is happening.
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我仍未解釋為何會發生，
05:22
And in a moment, I'm going to show you a graph,
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等一下我要給各位看一張圖表，
05:24
and what you'll see on this graph --
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你會在這張圖上看到，
05:26
it begins in 1973,
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從1973年開始，
05:28
just before women start flooding the workforce,
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在女性開始大量湧入勞動力市場之前，
05:30
and it brings us up to our current day.
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然後變到這樣。
05:33
And basically what you'll see
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基本上你會看到的是
05:35
is what economists talk about
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經濟學家所說的
05:37
as the polarization of the economy.
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經濟結構的分化。
05:39
Now what does that mean?
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這意謂著什麼？
05:41
It means that the economy is dividing into high-skill, high-wage jobs
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這表示經濟結構現在漸分裂成高技術高薪資工作
05:44
and low-skill, low-wage jobs --
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和低技術低薪資工作，
05:46
and that the middle, the middle-skill jobs,
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而在中間的，中等技術
05:49
and the middle-earning jobs, are starting to drop out of the economy.
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和中等報酬的工作已開始在經濟結構中被淘汰。
05:52
This has been going on for 40 years now.
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這已經進行了40年，
05:54
But this process is affecting men
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但這個過程對男人的影響
05:56
very differently than it's affecting women.
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和對女人的影響相當不同。
05:58
You'll see the women in red, and you'll see the men in blue.
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從下張圖你可以看到紅色代表女性，藍色代表男性，
06:01
You'll watch them both drop out of the middle class,
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你可以看到他們都脫離了中產階級，
06:04
but see what happens to women and see what happens to men.
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但請看看在女性部份和男性部份分別發生什麼變化。
06:08
There we go.
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就是這樣，
06:10
So watch that. You see them both drop out of the middle class.
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請看，你看他們都脫離中產階級，
06:13
Watch what happens to the women. Watch what happens to the men.
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看看女性發生什麼變化?男性又發生什麼變化?
06:16
The men sort of stagnate there,
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男性部份有點停滯不前，
06:18
while the women zoom up in those high-skill jobs.
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然而女性卻在那些高技術性的工作急速上升。
06:20
So what's that about?
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這表示什麼?
06:22
It looks like women got some power boost on a video game,
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好像是女性在電玩中得到加強功力，
06:25
or like they snuck in some secret serum into their birth-control pills
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或悄悄在避孕藥裡得到神奇的漿液，
06:28
that lets them shoot up high.
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使她們步步高升，
06:30
But of course, it's not about that.
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當然不是這樣的。
06:32
What it's about is that the economy has changed a lot.
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這代表的是經濟結構有很大的改變：
06:35
We used to have a manufacturing economy,
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我們過去擁有的是工業的經濟，
06:37
which was about building goods and products,
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也就是製造出產品；
06:39
and now we have a service economy
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現在是服務業的經濟，
06:42
and an information and creative economy.
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是資訊及創意的經濟。
06:44
Those two economies require very different skills,
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這兩種經濟型態需要的是很不同的技能，
06:47
and as it happens, women have been much better
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當這一切發生，
06:49
at acquiring the new set of skills than men have been.
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女性在取得新技能方面較男性擅長。
06:52
It used to be that you were
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在以前，
06:54
a guy who went to high school
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如果你上過高中、
06:56
who didn't have a college degree,
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沒有大學學歷、
06:58
but you had a specific set of skills,
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但擁有一技之長，
07:00
and with the help of a union,
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藉由工會的幫助
07:02
you could make yourself a pretty good middle-class life.
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你可以讓你自己過著優渥的小康生活。
07:04
But that really isn't true anymore.
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這一套已經行不通了。
07:06
This new economy is pretty indifferent
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這個新經濟型態對於
07:08
to size and strength,
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多年來幫助著男性的
07:10
which is what's helped men along all these years.
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個頭和身高完全不感興趣，
07:12
What the economy requires now
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現在這個經濟型態所需要的，
07:14
is a whole different set of skills.
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是完全不同的技能，
07:16
You basically need intelligence,
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基本上你需要智慧、
07:18
you need an ability to sit still and focus,
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你需要安坐和聚焦的能力、
07:21
to communicate openly,
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開放的溝通、
07:23
to be able to listen to people
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能夠傾聽人們說話、
07:25
and to operate in a workplace that is much more fluid than it used to be,
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在比從前更加變動不居的工作環境中工作。
07:28
and those are things that women do extremely well,
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這些都是女性做的非常好的事情，
07:30
as we're seeing.
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如同我們所見。
07:32
If you look at management theory these days,
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如果你看看近來的管理理論，
07:34
it used to be that our ideal leader
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以前像是鐵血將軍巴頓這樣的類型
07:36
sounded something like General Patton, right?
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可說是理想的領袖，對吧？
07:38
You would be issuing orders from above.
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你可以高高在上發號施令、
07:40
You would be very hierarchical.
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你可以很有權威、
07:42
You would tell everyone below you what to do.
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你可以叫所有底下的人做事。
07:44
But that's not what an ideal leader is like now.
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但現在理想的領袖不是那樣子，
07:46
If you read management books now,
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現在如果你去讀經營管理的書，
07:48
a leader is somebody who can foster creativity,
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領導人是能夠激發創造力、
07:51
who can get his -- get the employees -- see, I still say "his" --
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能夠使他的—使員工—瞧，我依然說「他的」，
07:54
who can get the employees to talk to each other,
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能夠使員工彼此溝通的人，
07:56
who can basically build teams and get them to be creative.
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是能夠建立團隊並使其具有創造力的人，
07:59
And those are all things that women do very well.
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以上都是女性做的非常好的事項。
08:02
And then on top of that, that's created a kind of cascading effect.
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在加上，女性創造了一種串接效應：
08:05
Women enter the workplace at the top,
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女性進入職場的頂端，
08:07
and then at the working class,
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然後在一般勞動階級，
08:09
all the new jobs that are created
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所有新創造出來的工作機會，
08:11
are the kinds of jobs that wives used to do for free at home.
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是那些曾經由家庭主婦們免費做的事，
08:14
So that's childcare,
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就是帶小孩、
08:16
elder care and food preparation.
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照顧老人和準備三餐。
08:18
So those are all the jobs that are growing,
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這些工作正在增加，
08:20
and those are jobs that women tend to do.
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女人也樂意去從事這種工作，
08:22
Now one day it might be
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可能有一天，
08:24
that mothers will hire an out-of-work,
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媽媽們會僱用一個失業的、
08:27
middle-aged, former steelworker guy
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中年的前任打鐵工
08:29
to watch their children at home,
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來家裡幫她們帶小孩，
08:31
and that would be good for the men, but that hasn't quite happened yet.
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這對男人來說也是好事一樁，但目前還沒發生。
08:34
To see what's going to happen, you can't just look at the workforce that is now,
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要明白未來會發生什麼事，你不能只著眼於現在的勞動力情勢，
08:37
you have to look at our future workforce.
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你必須觀察未來的勞動力。
08:40
And here the story is fairly simple.
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這相當的單純，
08:43
Women are getting college degrees
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獲得大學文憑的女性比例
08:45
at a faster rate than men.
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比男性快速增長。
08:47
Why? This is a real mystery.
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為什麼？這是一個謎，
08:49
People have asked men, why don't they just go back to college,
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人們問男性，為何他們不回去大學、
08:52
to community college, say, and retool themselves,
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回到社區大學再充實自己、
08:54
learn a new set of skills?
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學習新技能？
08:56
Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable doing that.
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事實上是，他們對於做這件事感到很不自在，
08:59
They're used to thinking of themselves as providers,
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他們習慣於認為自己是養家活口的人，
09:01
and they can't seem to build the social networks
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而且他們似乎無法建立起
09:03
that allow them to get through college.
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使他們可以撐過大學的新社群網絡，
09:05
So for some reason
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故基於一些理由
09:07
men just don't end up going back to college.
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男性終是無法回去唸大學。
09:09
And what's even more disturbing
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而更加令人不安的
09:11
is what's happening with younger boys.
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是發生在年輕男孩身上的事。
09:13
There's been about a decade of research
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有一個已持續約莫十年的研究，
09:15
about what people are calling the "boy crisis."
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是關於人們所稱的「男孩危機」，
09:17
Now the boy crisis is this idea
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「男孩危機」這個概念
09:19
that very young boys, for whatever reason,
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是指年輕男孩，基於某些不知名理由，
09:22
are doing worse in school than very young girls,
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在學校表現比同齡女孩不佳。
09:25
and people have theories about that.
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關於這點，人們提出了一些理論：
09:27
Is it because we have an excessively verbal curriculum,
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—因為有的課程很偏語言，
09:29
and little girls are better at that than little boys?
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小女孩比小男孩對此來得擅長；
09:31
Or that we require kids to sit still too much,
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—或是我們太要求小孩乖乖坐好，
09:34
and so boys initially feel like failures?
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因此男孩們一開始就輸在起跑點上？
09:36
And some people say it's because,
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還有一些人說那是因為
09:38
in 9th grade, boys start dropping out of school.
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九年級正好是男孩開始退學的時候。
09:40
Because I'm writing a book about all this, I'm still looking into it,
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因為我正在撰寫一本關於這個主題的書，我仍在深入研究，
09:43
so I don't have the answer.
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所以我也沒有答案，
09:45
But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide education expert,
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但同時我將要請來全球教育專家
09:48
who's my 10-year-old daughter, Noa,
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—我的十歲小女兒Noah
09:50
to talk to you about
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來跟各位談談
09:52
why the boys in her class do worse.
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為何她班上的小男生們表現較差。
09:55
(Video) Noa: The girls are obviously smarter.
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Noah:女生很顯然比較聰明，
09:57
I mean they have much larger vocabulary.
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我是說她們字彙量較豐富、
10:00
They learn much faster.
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她們學得較快、
10:02
They are more controlled.
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她們比較守規矩，
10:04
On the board today for losing recess tomorrow, only boys.
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今天黑板上只有男生明天要被罰不能下課。
10:07
Hanna Rosin: And why is that?
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Hanna Rosin: 為什麼會這樣呢？
10:09
Noa: Why? They were just not listening to the class
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Noah: 為什麼？他們就是不好好聽課，
10:11
while the girls sat there very nicely.
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而女生都乖乖的坐好。
10:13
HR: So there you go.
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HR: 好啦
10:15
This whole thesis really came home to me
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這就是當我拜訪過坎薩斯洲的一所學校—
10:17
when I went to visit a college in Kansas City --
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一所勞動階級學校
10:20
working-class college.
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回家後得到的論點
10:22
Certainly, when I was in college, I had certain expectations about my life --
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無庸置疑，在我大學時期，對於自己生活有明確的期望，
10:25
that my husband and I would both work,
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我和丈夫都上班、
10:28
and that we would equally raise the children.
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我們會平均分擔撫養孩子，
10:30
But these college girls
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但這些大學女生
10:32
had a completely different view of their future.
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對未來有著截然不同的看法。
10:34
Basically, the way they said it to me is
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基本上，她們告訴我的是：
10:37
that they would be working 18 hours a day,
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她們將會一天工作18個小時，
10:39
that their husband would maybe have a job,
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他們的丈夫或許會有工作，
10:41
but that mostly he would be at home taking care of the kiddies.
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但大多數會是在家照顧孩子。
10:44
And this was kind of a shocker to me.
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這對我來說很震驚。
10:46
And then here's my favorite quote from one of the girls:
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這是女孩們所說的，我最喜歡的一句話：
10:48
"Men are the new ball and chain."
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「男人是新的黃臉婆。」
10:51
(Laughter)
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（笑）
10:54
Now you laugh,
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現在你們笑了，
10:56
but that quote has kind of a sting to it, right?
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但這句話中有點帶刺，是吧？
10:58
And I think the reason it has a sting
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而我認為有刺的原因
11:00
is because thousands of years of history
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在於數千年來的歷史
11:02
don't reverse themselves
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不曾在
11:04
without a lot of pain,
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沒有痛苦的情況下被改寫，
11:06
and that's why I talk about
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而這就是我為何會說
11:08
us all going through this together.
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我們要一起經歷這件事。
11:11
The night after I talked to these college girls,
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在和那些大學女生談過話之後的那個晚上，
11:13
I also went to a men's group in Kansas,
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我也去了坎薩斯一個男生團體，
11:15
and these were exactly the kind of victims of the manufacturing economy
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這些正是製造業經濟下的受害者，
11:18
which I spoke to you about earlier.
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就是我先前提到過的。
11:20
They were men who had been contractors,
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他們都曾經是承包商、
11:22
or they had been building houses
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或是蓋過房子，
11:24
and they had lost their jobs after the housing boom,
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在房地產榮景過後失去了工作。
11:26
and they were in this group because they were failing to pay their child support.
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他們加入這個團體是因為他們無法負擔他們孩子的開支，
11:29
And the instructor was up there in the class
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而講師就在台上，
11:31
explaining to them all the ways
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向他們解釋著
11:33
in which they had lost their identity in this new age.
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他們是怎麼在新時代失去身份地位。
11:36
He was telling them they no longer had any moral authority,
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他告訴他們，他們不再握有任何道德權威、
11:39
that nobody needed them for emotional support anymore,
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再也沒有人需要他們當精神支柱、
11:41
and they were not really the providers.
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他們不再是供養者，
11:43
So who were they?
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那他們是誰呢？
11:45
And this was very disheartening for them.
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這令他們很沮喪。
11:47
And what he did was he wrote down on the board
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他所做的就是，
11:49
"$85,000,"
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在白板上寫下＄85000
11:51
and he said, "That's her salary,"
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說：「這就是她的薪水！」
11:53
and then he wrote down "$12,000."
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然後再寫下＄12000
11:56
"That's your salary.
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「這是你的薪水。」
11:58
So who's the man now?" he asked them.
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他問大家「現在誰才是老大？」
12:00
"Who's the damn man?
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「誰才是個真正的老大？
12:02
She's the man now."
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現在她成了老大啦！」
12:04
And that really sent a shudder through the room.
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這真的使得整個房間打了個冷顫。
12:06
And that's part of the reason I like to talk about this,
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這也是我之所以談論這件事的一部分原因，
12:08
because I think it can be pretty painful,
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因為我認為那可能會很難熬，
12:10
and we really have to work through it.
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我們必須挺過去，
12:12
And the other reason it's kind of urgent
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而另一個理由有點緊急，
12:14
is because it's not just happening in the U.S.
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因為這不僅發生在美國，
12:16
It's happening all over the world.
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這發生在全世界，
12:18
In India, poor women are learning English
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在印度，貧窮的女性比她們的配偶
12:20
faster than their male counterparts
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英文學得更快，
12:22
in order to staff the new call centers
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為了要任職於印度正在成長的
12:24
that are growing in India.
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電話客服中心；
12:26
In China, a lot of the opening up of private entrepreneurship
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在中國，許多私人企業正在竄起，
12:29
is happening because women are starting businesses,
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因為女性開始做起生意，
12:31
small businesses, faster than men.
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一些小生意，比男人更快。
12:33
And here's my favorite example, which is in South Korea.
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這是我最喜歡的例子：在南韓，
12:36
Over several decades,
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數十年來，
12:38
South Korea built one of the most patriarchal societies we know about.
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南韓建立了一套我們所知最嚴格的父系社會，
12:41
They basically enshrined the second-class status of women
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在民法中，
12:45
in the civil code.
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基本上將女人置於次等地位，
12:47
And if women failed to birth male children,
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如果女人無法生出男的子嗣，
12:49
they were basically treated like domestic servants.
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她們會被當作家裡的女傭，
12:52
And sometimes family would pray to the spirits to kill off a girl child
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有時候有的家庭還會向神靈請求殺掉女孩，
12:55
so they could have a male child.
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好讓他們可以得到男孩。
12:57
But over the '70s and '80s,
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但在1970、1980年代
12:59
the South Korea government decided they wanted to rapidly industrialize,
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南韓政府決定要加速工業化，
13:02
and so what they did was,
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他們的做法是：
13:04
they started to push women into the workforce.
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開始將女性推入勞動市場。
13:06
Now they've been asking a question since 1985:
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現在他們提出一個自從1985年就在問的問題：
13:09
"How strongly do you prefer a first-born son?"
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「你有多偏好第一胎生兒子？」
13:11
And now look at the chart.
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現在來看看這個表
13:13
That's from 1985 to 2003.
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從1985年到2003年，
13:16
How much do you prefer a first-born son?
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「你有多偏好第一胎生兒子？」
13:18
So you can see that these economic changes
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你可以看到這些經濟上的改變
13:20
really do have a strong effect on our culture.
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真的對我們的文化有重大影響，
13:23
Now because we haven't fully processed this information,
341
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因為現在我們還沒有完全處理好這個資料，
13:26
it's kind of coming back to us in our pop culture
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這好像正用一種奇怪、誇張的方式
13:28
in these kind of weird and exaggerated ways,
343
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回歸到我們的大眾文化，
13:31
where you can see that the stereotypes are changing.
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你可以看到刻板印象正在改變，
13:34
And so we have on the male side
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所以在男性方面，
13:36
what one of my colleagues likes to call the "omega males" popping up,
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我一個同事喜歡稱之為「吊車尾男」的出現，
13:39
who are the males who are romantically challenged losers
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他們是那些把不到妹、
13:41
who can't find a job.
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也找不到工作的失敗者，
13:43
And they come up in lots of different forms.
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他們以各種不同形式出現，
13:46
So we have the perpetual adolescent.
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因此有著永遠處於青春期的傢伙、
13:49
We have the charmless misanthrope.
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有著沒有魅力的憤世嫉俗的人、
13:52
Then we have our Bud Light guy
352
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有著老是賴在沙發上的
13:54
who's the happy couch potato.
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百威淡啤酒男。
13:56
And then here's a shocker: even America's most sexiest man alive,
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有一個震撼彈—即使是美國現存的最性感的男人、
13:59
the sexiest man alive
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那些現存的最性感的男人，
14:01
gets romantically played these days in a movie.
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現今在電影中也只是羅曼史角色；
14:03
And then on the female side, you have the opposite,
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在女性方面，剛好相反，
14:06
in which you have these crazy superhero women.
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有著瘋狂的超級英雌—
14:09
You've got Lady Gaga.
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女神卡卡、
14:12
You've got our new James Bond, who's Angelina Jolie.
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新版詹姆士龐德—安潔麗娜裘莉，
14:15
And it's not just for the young, right?
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不只有年輕人，對吧？
14:18
Even Helen Mirren can hold a gun these days.
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現在即便是海倫米蘭也可以拿著把槍。
14:21
And so it feels like we have to move from this place
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感覺像是我們必須從
14:24
where we've got these uber-exaggerated images
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覺得這件事誇張至極，
14:27
into something that feels a little more normal.
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轉變成覺得還算正常。
14:30
So for a long time in the economic sphere,
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到目前為止很長一段時間，在經濟領域，
14:32
we've lived with the term "glass ceiling."
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我們活在「玻璃天花板」之下（通常專指女性所遭遇的在工作中升級時遇到的一種無形的障礙, 使人不能到達較高階層）
14:34
Now I've never really liked this term.
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我一直都很不喜歡這個詞，
14:36
For one thing, it puts men and women
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其一，此將男性與女性置於
14:38
in a really antagonistic relationship with one another,
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彼此敵對的關係，
14:41
because the men are these devious tricksters up there
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因為男性是搞出玻璃天花板
14:43
who've put up this glass ceiling.
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不光明磊落的騙子，
14:45
And we're always below the glass ceiling, the women.
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而我們女人總是在那片玻璃天花板之下，
14:48
And we have a lot of skill and experience,
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我們具備許多技能和經驗，
14:51
but it's a trick, so how are you supposed to prepare
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但是那是一場詭計，
14:53
to get through that glass ceiling?
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那妳怎麼可能穿過那層玻璃天花板呢？
14:55
And also, "shattering the glass ceiling" is a terrible phrase.
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並且，砸碎玻璃天花板是很可怕的詞彙，
14:58
What crazy person
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這人是瘋了才會
15:00
would pop their head through a glass ceiling?
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拿自己的頭去撞玻璃天花板。
15:02
So the image that I like to think of,
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所以比起玻璃天花板，
15:04
instead of glass ceiling,
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我比較喜歡用來譬喻的形象
15:06
is the high bridge.
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是座高高的橋。
15:08
It's definitely terrifying to stand at the foot of a high bridge,
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站在高橋上絕對是很恐怖的感覺，
15:11
but it's also pretty exhilarating,
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但同時也頗令人興奮
15:13
because it's beautiful up there,
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因為那上面好漂亮，
15:15
and you're looking out on a beautiful view.
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你可以眺望美麗的風景，
15:18
And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass ceiling.
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更好的是這裡沒有玻璃天花板這種詭計，
15:21
There's no man or woman standing in the middle
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沒有男人或女人站在中間
15:23
about to cut the cables.
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想要切斷纜繩，
15:25
There's no hole in the middle that you're going to fall through.
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橋中間沒有會讓妳掉下去的大洞，
15:27
And the great thing is that you can take anyone along with you.
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還有很好的事情是，你可以帶任何人和你一起上來，
15:30
You can bring your husband along.
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你可以帶著你的先生、
15:32
You can bring your friends, or your colleagues,
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你可以帶著你的朋友、或你的同事
15:34
or your babysitter to walk along with you.
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或是你的保母一起來，
15:36
And husbands can drag their wives across, if their wives don't feel ready.
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如果妻子還沒有準備好，丈夫還可以拉著他們的妻子過去。
15:39
But the point about the high bridge
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但這座高橋主要在於，
15:41
is that you have to have the confidence
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妳必須要有自信
15:43
to know that you deserve to be on that bridge,
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去瞭解到妳有資格站在這座橋上，
15:45
that you have all the skills and experience you need
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妳有著所有要通過這座高橋
15:48
in order to walk across the high bridge,
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所需要的技能和經驗，
15:51
but you just have to make the decision
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而妳必須做出決定，
15:53
to take the first step and do it.
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跨出第一步並且放手去做。
15:55
Thanks very much.
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謝謝。
15:57
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hanna Rosin - JournalistHanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda.
Why you should listen
Hanna Rosin is the sort of journalist who dares to articulate what people are thinking – only they hadn’t realized it yet. Born in Israel and raised in Queens, the co-founder of women’s site DoubleX (an offshoot of Slate) and contributing editor at the Atlantic Monthly is probably best known for the furor raised by her article titled (not by her) “The End of Men”—which asserts that the era of male dominance has come to an end as women gain power in the postindustrial economy. A similar furor greeted her well-researched piece “The Case Against Breastfeeding,” which questioned the degree to which scientific evidence supports breast-feeding’s touted benefits.
Rosin has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post and contributes to such publications as the New Yorker and the New Republic. Her book God’s Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America peers into the inner workings of Patrick Henry College, a seven-year school for evangelical Christians aspiring to political and cultural influence.
Hanna Rosin | Speaker | TED.com