TEDGlobal 2013
Daniel Suarez: The kill decision shouldn't belong to a robot
Daniel Suarez: 機器不該擁有致命決策的權力
Filmed:
Readability: 5.9
1,946,706 views
身為一位科幻小說家，Daniel Suarez 講述了未來反烏托邦的故事。但在 TEDGlobal 的演講台上，他透過真實生活中的情境，來談論我們都需要更進一步了解的事：自主機械武器的興起。他認為，先進的無人飛機、自主的武器，及具有人工智慧的情報工具都將使得人性從戰爭中抽離。
Daniel Suarez - Sci-fi author
Daniel Suarez concocts thrilling reads from terrifying (and not-so-farfetched) near-future scenarios. Full bio
Daniel Suarez concocts thrilling reads from terrifying (and not-so-farfetched) near-future scenarios. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I write fiction sci-fi thrillers,
0
691
3158
我寫驚悚科幻小說
00:15
so if I say "killer robots,"
1
3849
2193
所以如果我談到「殺手機器人」
00:18
you'd probably think something like this.
2
6042
2361
你可能會覺得是這樣的東西
00:20
But I'm actually not here to talk about fiction.
3
8403
2555
但事實上我不是來這裡談論小說的
00:22
I'm here to talk about very real killer robots,
4
10958
2948
我是來這裡談論真正的殺手機器人
00:25
autonomous combat drones.
5
13906
3122
自主的無人戰機
00:29
Now, I'm not referring to Predator and Reaper drones,
6
17028
3627
我的意思不是掠奪者或是收割者無人戰機
00:32
which have a human making targeting decisions.
7
20655
3260
由人類來決定目標
00:35
I'm talking about fully autonomous robotic weapons
8
23915
3129
我說的是全自動的機械武器
00:39
that make lethal decisions about human beings
9
27044
2654
能有自主性的對人類做出致命性的決策
00:41
all on their own.
10
29698
2417
不倚靠人類
00:44
There's actually a technical term for this: lethal autonomy.
11
32115
4000
這有個專門術語：致命自主
00:48
Now, lethally autonomous killer robots
12
36115
2856
致命性自主殺手機器人
00:50
would take many forms -- flying, driving,
13
38971
3069
有多種模式－飛行、陸行
00:54
or just lying in wait.
14
42040
2746
或只是待命
00:56
And actually, they're very quickly becoming a reality.
15
44786
3109
事實上它們很快就要問世了
00:59
These are two automatic sniper stations
16
47895
2484
這是兩座自動狙擊台
01:02
currently deployed in the DMZ between North and South Korea.
17
50379
4137
目前部署在南北韓非軍事區
01:06
Both of these machines are capable of automatically
18
54516
2171
這兩台機器都是自動的
01:08
identifying a human target and firing on it,
19
56687
3524
能夠辨識人類的位置並開火射擊
01:12
the one on the left at a distance of over a kilometer.
20
60211
4324
左邊這台能瞄準超過一公里
01:16
Now, in both cases, there's still a human in the loop
21
64535
3589
這兩座狙擊台都還是有人力介入
01:20
to make that lethal firing decision,
22
68124
2372
來下達致命攻擊的決策
01:22
but it's not a technological requirement. It's a choice.
23
70496
5413
但並不是技術上的需要，而是選項
01:27
And it's that choice that I want to focus on,
24
75909
3093
這個選項就是我的重點
01:31
because as we migrate lethal decision-making
25
79002
2641
因為當我們將致命決策權
01:33
from humans to software,
26
81643
3109
由人類轉移到軟體設備
01:36
we risk not only taking the humanity out of war,
27
84752
3476
我們冒的風險不僅是將人性抽離戰爭
01:40
but also changing our social landscape entirely,
28
88228
3526
同時也完全改變了我們的社會景觀
01:43
far from the battlefield.
29
91754
2224
遠遠不是戰場可以形容的
01:45
That's because the way humans resolve conflict
30
93978
4509
因為人類解決衝突的方法
01:50
shapes our social landscape.
31
98487
1733
塑造了我們社會的樣貌
01:52
And this has always been the case, throughout history.
32
100220
2633
自古以來皆是如此
01:54
For example, these were state-of-the-art weapons systems
33
102853
2661
好比說這些是西元1400年時
01:57
in 1400 A.D.
34
105514
2079
最先進的武器系統
01:59
Now they were both very expensive to build and maintain,
35
107593
3144
儘管建造、保養代價高昂
02:02
but with these you could dominate the populace,
36
110737
3240
但是透過這些武器我們可以統治群眾
02:05
and the distribution of political power in feudal society reflected that.
37
113977
3889
封建社會下政治力量的分布顯示了這一點
02:09
Power was focused at the very top.
38
117866
2687
力量集中在最頂端
02:12
And what changed? Technological innovation.
39
120553
3528
什麼改變了？科技革新
02:16
Gunpowder, cannon.
40
124081
1871
火藥、大砲
02:17
And pretty soon, armor and castles were obsolete,
41
125952
3817
不久之後，盔甲和城堡就被淘汰了
02:21
and it mattered less who you brought to the battlefield
42
129769
2533
戰場上有什麼士兵不重要
02:24
versus how many people you brought to the battlefield.
43
132302
3779
數量有多少才是關鍵
02:28
And as armies grew in size, the nation-state arose
44
136081
3638
當軍隊壯大之後，出現了民族國家
02:31
as a political and logistical requirement of defense.
45
139719
3680
來滿足政治及後勤方面在防禦上的需求
02:35
And as leaders had to rely on more of their populace,
46
143399
2376
當領導人必須更加倚靠他們的人民
02:37
they began to share power.
47
145775
1833
就會開始分權
02:39
Representative government began to form.
48
147608
2599
代議政府開始成形
02:42
So again, the tools we use to resolve conflict
49
150207
3288
再一次，我們用來解決衝突的工具
02:45
shape our social landscape.
50
153495
3304
塑造了我們社會的樣貌
02:48
Autonomous robotic weapons are such a tool,
51
156799
4064
自主機械武器就是這種工具
02:52
except that, by requiring very few people to go to war,
52
160863
5168
但是因為發動戰爭所需的人數不多
02:58
they risk re-centralizing power into very few hands,
53
166031
4840
有極少數人再度集權統治的風險
03:02
possibly reversing a five-century trend toward democracy.
54
170871
6515
可能讓五百年來民主化的趨勢走回頭路
03:09
Now, I think, knowing this,
55
177386
1757
我想，了解了之後
03:11
we can take decisive steps to preserve our democratic institutions,
56
179143
4352
我們可以果斷的維持民主制度
03:15
to do what humans do best, which is adapt.
57
183495
3979
來做我們人類最擅長的事，那就是適應環境
03:19
But time is a factor.
58
187474
2005
但時間是一個因素
03:21
Seventy nations are developing remotely-piloted
59
189479
2851
有七十個國家正在研發
03:24
combat drones of their own,
60
192330
2157
他們自己的遠程無人戰鬥機
03:26
and as you'll see, remotely-piloted combat drones
61
194487
2593
如你所見，遠程無人戰鬥機
03:29
are the precursors to autonomous robotic weapons.
62
197080
4472
正是自主機械武器的前身
03:33
That's because once you've deployed remotely-piloted drones,
63
201552
2767
因為一旦部屬了遠程無人戰鬥機
03:36
there are three powerful factors pushing decision-making
64
204319
3384
就會有三個強而有力的因素
03:39
away from humans and on to the weapon platform itself.
65
207703
4600
迫使人們把決定權交給武器平台本身
03:44
The first of these is the deluge of video that drones produce.
66
212303
5259
第一個因素是無人戰機所拍攝的大量影像
03:49
For example, in 2004, the U.S. drone fleet produced
67
217562
3853
像是在2004年，美國的無人機艦隊
03:53
a grand total of 71 hours of video surveillance for analysis.
68
221415
5312
拍攝了長達71小時的影像監控以供分析之用
03:58
By 2011, this had gone up to 300,000 hours,
69
226727
4499
到了2011年，影像長度增為30萬小時
04:03
outstripping human ability to review it all,
70
231226
3149
超出人類檢視所有影像的能力
04:06
but even that number is about to go up drastically.
71
234375
3664
但即使數字之大，它依然大幅成長
04:10
The Pentagon's Gorgon Stare and Argus programs
72
238039
2575
五角大廈的「戈爾貢之眼(Gorgon Stare)」和
「百眼巨人(Argus)」計畫
「百眼巨人(Argus)」計畫
04:12
will put up to 65 independently operated camera eyes
73
240614
3164
將會有65台獨立運作的攝影機
04:15
on each drone platform,
74
243778
2038
安裝在每架無人飛機上
04:17
and this would vastly outstrip human ability to review it.
75
245816
3303
而這將大幅超越人類所能檢視的能力
04:21
And that means visual intelligence software will need
76
249119
2160
這意味著視覺智慧軟體必須掃描影像
04:23
to scan it for items of interest.
77
251279
4048
找出我們感興趣的部分
04:27
And that means very soon
78
255327
1348
這表示不久後無人飛機
04:28
drones will tell humans what to look at,
79
256675
2747
將會告訴人類該看哪些部分
04:31
not the other way around.
80
259422
2497
而非由人類來決定
04:33
But there's a second powerful incentive pushing
81
261919
2473
還有第二個動機
04:36
decision-making away from humans and onto machines,
82
264392
3383
迫使我們把決定權交給機器
04:39
and that's electromagnetic jamming,
83
267775
2872
那就是電磁干擾
04:42
severing the connection between the drone
84
270647
2236
它會切斷無人飛機
04:44
and its operator.
85
272883
2814
和操作員的連線
04:47
Now we saw an example of this in 2011
86
275697
2618
我們現在看到的例子是在2011年
04:50
when an American RQ-170 Sentinel drone
87
278315
2956
美國的RQ-170哨兵式(Sentinel)無人飛機
04:53
got a bit confused over Iran due to a GPS spoofing attack,
88
281271
4307
在伊朗上空因為GPS受到欺騙攻擊而陷入混亂
04:57
but any remotely-piloted drone is susceptible to this type of attack,
89
285578
5114
這種攻擊對任何遠程無人飛機都有效
05:02
and that means drones
90
290692
2052
這表示無人飛機
05:04
will have to shoulder more decision-making.
91
292744
3620
必須去承擔更多決策
05:08
They'll know their mission objective,
92
296364
3043
它們會知道它們的任務目標
05:11
and they'll react to new circumstances without human guidance.
93
299407
4845
沒有人類指導也能對新的狀況作出反應
05:16
They'll ignore external radio signals
94
304252
2581
它們會忽視外來的無線電訊號
05:18
and send very few of their own.
95
306833
2330
只發出極少量的無線電訊號
05:21
Which brings us to, really, the third
96
309163
2006
這牽扯到第三個因素
05:23
and most powerful incentive pushing decision-making
97
311169
3862
也是最強烈的誘因
05:27
away from humans and onto weapons:
98
315031
3342
促使我們將決定權交給武器
05:30
plausible deniability.
99
318373
3293
那就是貌似合理的推託
05:33
Now we live in a global economy.
100
321666
2887
我們生活在一個全球經濟體下
05:36
High-tech manufacturing is occurring on most continents.
101
324553
4334
大部分的地方都有高科技工業
05:40
Cyber espionage is spiriting away advanced designs
102
328887
2914
網路間諜正在將先進的科技
05:43
to parts unknown,
103
331801
1886
帶到未知的地方
05:45
and in that environment, it is very likely
104
333687
2014
在這種環境下很有可能
05:47
that a successful drone design will be knocked off in contract factories,
105
335701
4734
成功的無人飛機設計，在灰市中量產
05:52
proliferate in the gray market.
106
340435
2170
擊敗取得授權的工廠
05:54
And in that situation, sifting through the wreckage
107
342605
2460
如此一來，即使仔細調查
05:57
of a suicide drone attack, it will be very difficult to say
108
345065
2960
無人機自殺攻擊的殘骸
06:00
who sent that weapon.
109
348025
4400
也難以斷定是誰發射這個武器
06:04
This raises the very real possibility
110
352425
2800
這就很有可能
06:07
of anonymous war.
111
355225
2935
會引起匿名戰爭
06:10
This could tilt the geopolitical balance on its head,
112
358160
2614
可能會讓地緣政治傾向一頭
06:12
make it very difficult for a nation to turn its firepower
113
360774
3491
讓一個國家難以將它的炮火對準攻擊者
06:16
against an attacker, and that could shift the balance
114
364265
2848
也會讓21世紀的維持的平衡
06:19
in the 21st century away from defense and toward offense.
115
367113
3764
由防禦轉為侵略
06:22
It could make military action a viable option
116
370877
3124
使得軍事行動變成可行的選項
06:26
not just for small nations,
117
374001
2288
不只是小國
06:28
but criminal organizations, private enterprise,
118
376289
2545
還有犯罪組織、私人企業
06:30
even powerful individuals.
119
378834
2479
甚至是有權力的人都能這麼做
06:33
It could create a landscape of rival warlords
120
381313
3328
這樣可能會引發軍閥割據的混戰
06:36
undermining rule of law and civil society.
121
384641
3680
破壞法律規範及文明社會
06:40
Now if responsibility and transparency
122
388321
3616
如果責任感以及透明度
06:43
are two of the cornerstones of representative government,
123
391937
2384
是代議政治的兩塊基石
06:46
autonomous robotic weapons could undermine both.
124
394321
4320
自主機械武器會破壞這兩者
06:50
Now you might be thinking that
125
398641
1546
你現在可能會覺得
06:52
citizens of high-tech nations
126
400187
2246
高科技國家的人民
06:54
would have the advantage in any robotic war,
127
402433
2703
在機械戰爭中佔有優勢
06:57
that citizens of those nations would be less vulnerable,
128
405136
3633
這些國家的人民比較不容易受傷害
07:00
particularly against developing nations.
129
408769
4288
尤其是對抗發展中國家的時候
07:05
But I think the truth is the exact opposite.
130
413057
3524
但是我認為事實剛好相反
07:08
I think citizens of high-tech societies
131
416581
2251
我認為高科技社會的人民
07:10
are more vulnerable to robotic weapons,
132
418832
3729
更容易受到機械武器傷害
07:14
and the reason can be summed up in one word: data.
133
422561
4465
其原因可以用兩個字來說明：資料
07:19
Data powers high-tech societies.
134
427026
3481
資料壯大了高科技社會
07:22
Cell phone geolocation, telecom metadata,
135
430507
3190
手機定位、電訊後設資料
07:25
social media, email, text, financial transaction data,
136
433697
3472
社交媒體、電子郵件、簡訊、金融交易資料
07:29
transportation data, it's a wealth of real-time data
137
437169
3532
和運輸資料等，都是大量的即時資料
07:32
on the movements and social interactions of people.
138
440701
3373
記載著人類的社交活動
07:36
In short, we are more visible to machines
139
444074
3775
簡單來說，比其任何其他時代
07:39
than any people in history,
140
447849
2242
機器對人類來說更顯而易見
07:42
and this perfectly suits the targeting needs of autonomous weapons.
141
450091
5616
而這正好符合了自動武器的目標需求
07:47
What you're looking at here
142
455707
1738
大家現在看到的
07:49
is a link analysis map of a social group.
143
457445
3246
是社會團體的連結分析圖
07:52
Lines indicate social connectedness between individuals.
144
460691
3634
線段代表著人與人之間的社會連結
07:56
And these types of maps can be automatically generated
145
464325
2880
這類的圖只要依據現代人所留下的資料
07:59
based on the data trail modern people leave behind.
146
467205
4715
就能夠自動產生
08:03
Now it's typically used to market goods and services
147
471920
2477
現在它應用於商品與服務的行銷
08:06
to targeted demographics, but it's a dual-use technology,
148
474397
4416
來統計目標群體，但這是雙面科技
08:10
because targeting is used in another context.
149
478813
3360
因為目標的鎖定可應用於另外一種情況
08:14
Notice that certain individuals are highlighted.
150
482173
2560
我們注意到某些人是特別顯著的
08:16
These are the hubs of social networks.
151
484733
3280
他們是社會網絡的樞紐
08:20
These are organizers, opinion-makers, leaders,
152
488013
3590
他們是組織者、輿論製造者、領導者
08:23
and these people also can be automatically identified
153
491603
2682
而這些人依據他們的溝通模式
08:26
from their communication patterns.
154
494285
2382
我們也能夠自動辨識
08:28
Now, if you're a marketer, you might then target them
155
496667
2146
如果現在你是一位營銷員，你可能將試用產品
08:30
with product samples, try to spread your brand
156
498813
2543
鎖定這些人，試著把你的品牌
08:33
through their social group.
157
501356
2829
推廣到他們的社會團體中
08:36
But if you're a repressive government
158
504185
1953
但如果你是專制的政府
08:38
searching for political enemies, you might instead remove them,
159
506138
4810
在搜尋政敵，你可能反而會除掉他們
08:42
eliminate them, disrupt their social group,
160
510948
2760
消滅他們、破壞他們的社會團體
08:45
and those who remain behind lose social cohesion
161
513708
3169
而剩下來的人就會失去他們的社會連結
08:48
and organization.
162
516877
2621
以及社群組織
08:51
Now in a world of cheap, proliferating robotic weapons,
163
519498
3324
在一個機械武器便宜、氾濫的世界
08:54
borders would offer very little protection
164
522822
2635
國界的保護微不足道
08:57
to critics of distant governments
165
525457
1946
無法防衛遠方政府的批評者
08:59
or trans-national criminal organizations.
166
527403
3646
或是跨國犯罪組織
09:03
Popular movements agitating for change
167
531049
3493
鼓吹改革的群眾運動
09:06
could be detected early and their leaders eliminated
168
534542
3609
在大眾充分了解其訴求之前
09:10
before their ideas achieve critical mass.
169
538151
2911
就會被察覺，並將其領導人消滅
09:13
And ideas achieving critical mass
170
541062
2591
而充分的把想法傳達給大眾
09:15
is what political activism in popular government is all about.
171
543653
3936
正是一般政治激進主義政府所追求的
09:19
Anonymous lethal weapons could make lethal action
172
547589
3997
匿名的致命武器能夠讓致命行動
09:23
an easy choice for all sorts of competing interests.
173
551586
3782
變成所有競爭者一個簡單的選項
09:27
And this would put a chill on free speech
174
555368
3734
這會讓民主的核心－言論自由及民眾在政治上行動
09:31
and popular political action, the very heart of democracy.
175
559102
5308
轉為冷漠
09:36
And this is why we need an international treaty
176
564410
2914
這也就是為什麼我們需要國際公約
09:39
on robotic weapons, and in particular a global ban
177
567324
3540
來規範機械武器，特別是
09:42
on the development and deployment of killer robots.
178
570864
3908
全球皆禁止研發及部屬殺手機器人
09:46
Now we already have international treaties
179
574772
3254
現在我們已經有國際公約
09:50
on nuclear and biological weapons, and, while imperfect,
180
578026
3386
來規範核武及生物武器，雖然並不完美
09:53
these have largely worked.
181
581412
2288
但卻很有效
09:55
But robotic weapons might be every bit as dangerous,
182
583700
3768
但是機械武器完全就是個危險的東西
09:59
because they will almost certainly be used,
183
587468
3288
因為它們幾乎一定會被使用
10:02
and they would also be corrosive to our democratic institutions.
184
590756
5027
也會侵蝕我們的民主制度
10:07
Now in November 2012 the U.S. Department of Defense
185
595783
3468
2012年11月，美國國防部
10:11
issued a directive requiring
186
599251
2458
直接要求
10:13
a human being be present in all lethal decisions.
187
601709
4519
所有致命決策都必須有人類參與其中
10:18
This temporarily effectively banned autonomous weapons in the U.S. military,
188
606228
4776
這暫時有效防止美軍的自主武器
10:23
but that directive needs to be made permanent.
189
611004
3753
但是這個要求必須永久有效
10:26
And it could set the stage for global action.
190
614757
4376
它也可以為全球立法行動鋪路
10:31
Because we need an international legal framework
191
619133
3845
因為我們需要國際性的法律架構
10:34
for robotic weapons.
192
622978
2138
來規範機械武器
10:37
And we need it now, before there's a devastating attack
193
625116
2928
我們現在就需要，以免毀滅性的恐怖攻擊事件
10:40
or a terrorist incident that causes nations of the world
194
628044
3152
讓世界上的國家
10:43
to rush to adopt these weapons
195
631196
1924
爭相採用這些武器
10:45
before thinking through the consequences.
196
633120
3771
完全不考慮後果
10:48
Autonomous robotic weapons concentrate too much power
197
636891
2981
自動機械武器把太強大的力量
10:51
in too few hands, and they would imperil democracy itself.
198
639872
6283
集中在太少人手中，而他們會威脅到民主本身
10:58
Now, don't get me wrong, I think there are tons
199
646155
2686
別誤解了我的意思，我認為
11:00
of great uses for unarmed civilian drones:
200
648841
2618
這些非武裝的民用無人飛機好用途不少
11:03
environmental monitoring, search and rescue, logistics.
201
651459
3939
環境監控、搜救、後勤
11:07
If we have an international treaty on robotic weapons,
202
655398
2826
如果我們有機械武器的國際公約
11:10
how do we gain the benefits of autonomous drones
203
658224
3587
我們要如何從自主無人飛機及載具中獲得好處
11:13
and vehicles while still protecting ourselves
204
661811
2648
同時又能夠保護我們自己
11:16
against illegal robotic weapons?
205
664459
3980
免於違法機械武器的侵害呢
11:20
I think the secret will be transparency.
206
668439
4741
我認為機密會變得透明化
11:25
No robot should have an expectation of privacy
207
673180
3013
任何的機器人在公共場所
11:28
in a public place.
208
676193
3451
都不得有隱私
11:31
(Applause)
209
679644
5048
(掌聲)
11:36
Each robot and drone should have
210
684692
2045
每一台機器人或無人飛機
11:38
a cryptographically signed I.D. burned in at the factory
211
686737
2883
在工廠裡都要烙上一個加密的身分
11:41
that can be used to track its movement through public spaces.
212
689620
2923
可以用來追蹤它在公共場所的動向
11:44
We have license plates on cars, tail numbers on aircraft.
213
692543
3381
我們的車子有車牌，飛機有機尾編號
11:47
This is no different.
214
695924
1841
這是同樣的道理
11:49
And every citizen should be able to download an app
215
697765
2012
每個市民都可以下載應用程式
11:51
that shows the population of drones and autonomous vehicles
216
699777
3125
來顯示無人飛機及自動載具
11:54
moving through public spaces around them,
217
702902
2429
在他們附近的公共空間移動的數量
11:57
both right now and historically.
218
705331
2733
不論是過去或是現在
12:00
And civic leaders should deploy sensors and civic drones
219
708064
3548
領導者應該要部屬感應器還有民用無人飛機
12:03
to detect rogue drones,
220
711612
2344
來偵測圖謀不軌的無人飛機
12:05
and instead of sending killer drones of their own up to shoot them down,
221
713956
3176
而且不是直接派自己的無人攻擊機將它們擊落
12:09
they should notify humans to their presence.
222
717132
2992
而是應該告知人們這些無人飛機的存在
12:12
And in certain very high-security areas,
223
720124
2606
在確定是高安全性的地區
12:14
perhaps civic drones would snare them
224
722730
1909
或許民用無人飛機
12:16
and drag them off to a bomb disposal facility.
225
724639
2841
可以將它們引導到炸彈處理設施
12:19
But notice, this is more an immune system
226
727480
3027
但要注意的是，這比較像是免疫系統
12:22
than a weapons system.
227
730507
1321
而不是武器系統
12:23
It would allow us to avail ourselves of the use
228
731828
2592
如此就可以讓我們
12:26
of autonomous vehicles and drones
229
734420
2032
獲得自主載具與無人飛機所帶來的好處
12:28
while still preserving our open, civil society.
230
736452
4295
同時保有我們開放、文明的社會
12:32
We must ban the deployment and development
231
740747
2999
我們必須禁止研發及部屬
12:35
of killer robots.
232
743746
1862
殺手機器人
12:37
Let's not succumb to the temptation to automate war.
233
745608
4850
我們不會屈服於自動化戰爭的誘惑
12:42
Autocratic governments and criminal organizations
234
750458
2718
專制政府及犯罪組織一定會屈服
12:45
undoubtedly will, but let's not join them.
235
753176
2956
但是我們不會加入他們
12:48
Autonomous robotic weapons
236
756132
1891
自主機械武器
12:50
would concentrate too much power
237
758023
2051
將過多權力
12:52
in too few unseen hands,
238
760074
2482
集中到極少數看不見的手中
12:54
and that would be corrosive to representative government.
239
762556
3255
而那會侵蝕代議政府
12:57
Let's make sure, for democracies at least,
240
765811
2961
我們要保證，至少為了民主的理由
13:00
killer robots remain fiction.
241
768772
2604
讓殺手機器人留在小說裡吧
13:03
Thank you.
242
771376
1110
謝謝
13:04
(Applause)
243
772486
4565
(掌聲)
13:09
Thank you. (Applause)
244
777051
4616
謝謝 (掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Suarez - Sci-fi authorDaniel Suarez concocts thrilling reads from terrifying (and not-so-farfetched) near-future scenarios.
Why you should listen
While working as a software developer, Daniel Suarez self-published Daemon, a cyber-thriller depicting a future where society is radically reshaped by disruptive technologies. It struck a chord -- and so did the sequel, Freedom (TM) -- rocketing Suarez into the pantheon of sci-fi prophets.
In his 2012 novel Kill Decision, Suarez digs into the consequences of technology that’s here to stay: autonomous bots and drones programmed to be lethal. Suarez argues that as we cede more control to software, we gamble with the very essence of democracy itself. How can we establish sane guidelines for technology that could easily outstrip our control?
Daniel Suarez | Speaker | TED.com