ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siamak Hariri - Architect
Siamak Hariri holds deep respect for the transformative potential of architecture, specializing in creating works of enduring value.

Why you should listen

Siamak Hariri is a founding Partner of Hariri Pontarini Architects, a 120 person practice based in Toronto. His portfolio of nationally and internationally recognized buildings has won over 60 awards, including the Governor General’s Medal in Architecture, celebrated as one of Canada’s Artists who mattered most by the Globe and Mail and with his Partner David Pontarini, the 2013 Royal Architectural Institute of Canada’s Architectural Firm Award.

One of Hariri's earliest HPA projects, the Canadian headquarters of McKinsey & Company, is the youngest building to receive City of Toronto heritage landmark designation. He has recently completed public and private projects include the award-winning Richard Ivey Building, Richard Ivey School of Business at Western University, the Jackman Law Building for the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Law, the Schulich School of Business at York University and the Integrated Health Sciences campus, with the University of Waterloo’s School of Pharmacy and the McMaster University Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in downtown Kitchener.

In the fall of 2016, Hariri completed a project he began in 2003, the  Bahá’í Temple of South American, located in Santiago, Chile, the last of the Bahá’í continental temples. Won through an international call and a rigorous design competition (185 entries from 80 countries) the temple is poised to become an architectural landmark at the foothill of the Andes. It has already won some of the top architecture awards including  the RAIC Innovation Award, the World Architecture News Best Building of the Year (selected by ninety-seven judges around the world); Architect Magazine’s Progressive Architecture Award (architecture’s top unbuilt projects award); the Canadian Architect’s Award of Excellence; the International Property Awards and was profiled by National Geographic Magazine.

Hariri is currently working on the complex Princess Margaret Space Transformation Project and  has recently won two international design competitions, the first, the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, and the second, selected from over 92 international architects, for the new Tom Patterson Theatre, poised to become the heart of the Stratford Festival.

Born in Bonn, Germany, Hariri was educated at the University of Waterloo and Yale University where he completed a Master of Architecture. He has taught at the Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design at the University of Toronto, as well as been a lecturer and guest critic for numerous organizations across North America. Hariri was recently awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Architecture from Ryerson University for his contribution to architecture in Canada and abroad. The University of Toronto also honored him with an Arbor Award for his contribution to the University experience as a lecturer and adjunct professor. Hariri lives in Toronto with his artist wife, Sasha Rogers and their three children; Lua, Yasmin and David. 

More profile about the speaker
Siamak Hariri | Speaker | TED.com
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Siamak Hariri: How do you build a sacred space?

西亞馬克.哈里里: 如何建築神聖空間?

Filmed:
1,374,014 views

建築師西亞馬克.哈里里在建築南美洲的巴哈伊神廟時,著重採光及照明:從捕捉太陽光影的神廟形式,到使用散發光輝的石材、玻璃等材料建成,他都設想周全。快來一同參與哈里里的創意建築之旅,一窺他如何在世俗世界中建立神聖空間吧!
- Architect
Siamak Hariri holds deep respect for the transformative potential of architecture, specializing in creating works of enduring value. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The school學校 of architecture建築
that I studied研究 at some 30 years年份 ago
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我在三十年前就讀的建築學院
對面是一座令人驚豔的美術館
00:17
happened發生 to be across橫過 the street
from the wonderful精彩 art藝術 gallery畫廊
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是由名建築師路易斯.康設計
00:21
designed設計 by the great
architect建築師 Louis路易 Kahn卡恩.
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00:25
I love the building建造,
and I used to visit訪問 it quite相當 often經常.
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我很愛這棟建築,也經常造訪
有一天
00:28
One day,
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我看見警衛用手輕輕劃過水泥牆
00:30
I saw the security安全 guard守衛 run his hand
across橫過 the concrete具體 wall.
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00:37
And it was the way he did it,
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而看著他這樣的舉動
00:38
the expression表達 on his face面對 --
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還有臉上的神情
00:41
something touched感動 me.
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某種東西觸動了我
00:44
I could see that the security安全 guard守衛
was moved移動 by the building建造
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我可以看出警衛也深受那棟建築感動
00:49
and that architecture建築 has that capacity容量
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建築就是有這樣的魔力
00:53
to move移動 you.
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足以感動人心
00:55
I could see it, and I remember記得 thinking思維,
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這個場景仍歷歷在目,我當時想著
00:57
"Wow. How does architecture建築 do that?"
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哇,建築要怎麼擁有這種力量
01:03
At school學校, I was learning學習 to design設計,
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我在學校裡學的是設計
01:07
but here -- here was
a reaction反應 of the heart.
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但在這裡的—卻是心靈的真實反映
那深深觸動了我
01:11
And it touched感動 me to the core核心.
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01:17
You know, you aspire立志 for beauty美女,
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我們知道,人們追尋美麗的事物
01:23
for sensuousness感性, for atmosphere大氣層,
the emotional情緒化 response響應.
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是為了感官愉悅或氣氛
這類情感上的需求
01:29
That's the realm領域 of the ineffable不可言說
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這是個無法言喻
也不可丈量的領域
01:32
and the immeasurable不可計量的.
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這就是我們生活的目的:
01:34
And that's what you live生活 for:
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01:36
a chance機會 to try.
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擁有嘗試的機會
01:39
So in 2003, there was
an open打開 call for designs設計
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2003年時有場公開徵選
01:43
for the Bahá'í Temple寺廟 for South America美國.
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徵的是南美洲巴哈伊靈曦堂的設計圖
這在當時是全南美第一間靈曦堂
01:45
This was the first temple寺廟
in all of South America美國.
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且是間洲際性的靈曦堂
01:48
It's a continental大陸 temple寺廟,
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是巴哈伊信仰的重大里程碑
01:50
a hugely巨大 important重要 milestone里程碑
for the Bahá'í community社區,
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這是最後一座洲際性神廟
01:53
because this would be the last
of the continental大陸 temples寺廟
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也促使地區靈曦堂遍布於
01:57
and would open打開 the door
for national國民 and local本地 temples寺廟 to be built內置
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世界各地
02:01
around the world世界.
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它的結構看似簡單
02:02
And the brief簡要 was deceptively迷惑 simple簡單
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在宗教史上卻是獨一無二
02:06
and unique獨特 in the annals of religion宗教:
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02:11
a circular room房間, nine sides雙方,
nine entrances入口, nine paths路徑,
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它是由一個圓廳
九面牆、九個入口及九條小徑組成
02:18
allowing允許 you to come to the temple寺廟
from all directions方向,
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讓民眾能夠從各個方向進入靈曦堂
「九」這個數字象徵完整
02:23
nine symbolizing象徵 completeness完整性,
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以及完美
02:26
perfection完美.
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02:28
No pulpit講壇, no sermons布道,
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建築中沒有講道壇、沒有佈道
因為巴哈伊信仰中沒有神職人員
02:32
as there are no clergy牧師
in the Bahá'í faith信仰.
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02:35
And in a world世界 which哪一個 is putting up walls牆壁,
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在這個充斥隔閡的世界
設計必須藉由形式上表達
02:39
the design設計 needed需要 to express表現 in form形成
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一個完全相反的概念
02:42
the very opposite對面.
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02:45
It had to be open打開, welcoming歡迎
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也就是開放與包容
各種信仰、階級、背景
02:49
to people of all faiths信仰,
walks散步 of life, backgrounds背景,
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或是沒有任何信仰的人
02:53
or no faith信仰 at all;
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02:56
a new form形成 of sacred神聖 space空間
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這是神聖空間的全新形式
02:59
with no pattern模式
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別出心裁
不落窠臼
03:02
or models楷模 to draw from.
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03:06
It was like designing設計 one of the first
churches教堂 for Christianity基督教
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就像在設計第一座基督教教堂
或第一座伊斯蘭教清真寺
03:10
or one of the first mosques清真寺 for Islam伊斯蘭教.
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03:14
So we live生活 in a secular世俗 world世界.
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既然我們身處在世俗的世界
03:20
How do you design設計 sacred神聖 space空間 today今天?
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當今的我們該如何建築神聖空間
更甚者,我們該如何定義「神聖」
03:26
And how do you even define確定
what's sacred神聖 today今天?
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03:33
I stumbled迷迷糊糊 across橫過 this beautiful美麗 quote引用
from the Bahá'í writings文章,
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我曾偶然發現一句優美的巴哈伊禱文
那是關於禱告的意義
03:38
and it speaks說話 to prayer禱告.
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03:41
It says that if you reach達到 out in prayer禱告,
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它說,若你誠心祈禱
03:44
and if your prayer禱告 is answered回答 --
which哪一個 is already已經 very interesting有趣 --
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並真的得到回應-這本身就夠神奇了
03:48
that the pillars支柱 of your heart
will become成為 ashine發亮的.
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那就會點亮你的心房
03:54
And I loved喜愛 this idea理念
of the inner and the outer,
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我很喜歡這個內在與外在的概念
03:57
like when you see someone有人
and you say, "That person is radiant輻射的."
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就像是你看到一個人時
你說,這人真是容光煥發
04:04
And I was thinking思維, "My gosh天哪,
how could we make something
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我就心想:
天啊,我該怎麼把這運用到建築上?
04:09
architectural建築的 out of that,
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04:11
where you create創建 a building建造
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要怎麼讓一個建築物
04:15
and it becomes alive with light?
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因為光而生動呢
就像是雪花石膏
04:19
Like alabaster雪花, if you kiss it with light,
it becomes alive.
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它會因光的襯托而有了生命
04:23
And I drew德魯 this sketch草圖,
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於是我就畫了這張圖
04:25
something with two layers, translucent半透明
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它有兩層,而且半透明
04:29
with structure結構體 in between之間 capturing捕獲 light.
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中間的結構能捕捉光影
若提到發散光芒最簡單的形式
04:32
Maybe a pure form形成,
a single form形成 of emanation流溢
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我們都會直接聯想到
04:38
that you could imagine想像
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04:41
would be all dome拱頂
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圓頂的樣式
04:44
and everything we kept不停 making製造
was looking too much like an egg.
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我們所建築的一切都長得太像蛋了
04:48
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑聲)
04:49
A blobBLOB.
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或是水滴
04:51
So you search搜索.
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所以我們追尋
04:53
You all know this crazy search搜索,
letting出租 the process處理 take you,
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我們都知道這段瘋狂的探尋
會帶給我們無限驚奇
04:58
and you live生活 for the surprises驚喜.
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04:59
And I remember記得 quite相當 by accident事故
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而我恰巧記得
05:01
I saw this little video視頻
of a plant moving移動 in light,
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曾經看過一部植物趨光性的短片
05:07
and it made製作 me think of movement運動,
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這讓我想到了動態
05:11
reach達到,
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與追尋
這都可以應用在靈曦堂上
05:12
this idea理念 that the temple寺廟
could have reach達到,
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05:14
like this reach達到 for the divine神聖.
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就像是對神聖的追尋
05:17
You can imagine想像 also
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我們也能想像
05:19
that movement運動 within a circle
could mean movement運動 and stillness寂靜,
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在圓圈內的移動能同時展現動與靜
05:24
like the cosmos宇宙,
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和宇宙的旋一樣
隨處可見
05:26
something you see in many許多 places地方.
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05:29
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑聲)
但這樣的旋還不夠
05:32
But rotation迴轉 was not enough足夠,
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05:36
because we needed需要 a form形成.
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因為我們需要一種形式
05:39
In the Bahá'í writings文章, it talks會談 about
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在巴哈伊的篇章中曾提到
靈曦堂應盡可能地完美
05:41
the temples寺廟 being存在 as perfect完善
as is humanly從人的角度 possible可能,
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而我們所要思考的就是:什麼是完美?
05:46
and we kept不停 thinking思維,
well, what is perfection完美?
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我記得當時無意間瞧見這張日本籃子的圖片
05:48
And I remember記得 I stumbled迷迷糊糊 into this image圖片
of this Japanese日本 basket
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就覺得西方對於完美的觀念必須被挑戰
05:53
and thinking思維 our Western西 notions概念
of perfection完美 need to be challenged挑戰,
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這籃子的輪廓奇妙,外觀有些歪斜
05:57
that this wonderful精彩 silhouette輪廓
of this basket, this wonkinesswonkiness,
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06:01
and that it has the kind of dimple酒窩
of what you might威力 imagine想像 a shoulder
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表面的凹陷或許會讓人聯想到肩窩
06:07
or the cheekbone,
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或酒窩
這類有生命的形式
06:09
and that kind of organic有機 form形成.
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06:12
And so we drew德魯 and made製作 models楷模,
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所以我們設計、製作出模型
也就是這些在上端匯合的線條
06:14
these lines that merge合併 at the top最佳,
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這些柔軟的線條
06:18
soft柔軟的 lines,
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06:20
which哪一個 became成為 like drapery布料
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像是垂墜的帳帘
06:23
and translucent半透明 veils面紗 and folding摺頁,
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與半透明的面紗及褶層
06:26
and the idea理念 of not only
folding摺頁 but torquing扭轉 --
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不只是折疊的概念,還有扭轉的形式
還記得剛剛那株植物伸展的方式吧
06:31
you remember記得 the plant
and the way it was reaching到達.
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這開始成為一種引人入勝的形式了
06:34
And this started開始 to become成為
an interesting有趣 form形成,
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挖掘基地,建置入口
06:38
carving雕刻 the base基礎, making製造 the entrances入口.
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06:41
And then we ended結束 up with this.
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我們最終得到這個結果
06:44
This is this temple寺廟 with two layers,
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這就是那間雙層靈曦堂
九道發光的紗帳
06:47
nine luminous發光的 veils面紗,
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蘊含其中的光源
06:50
embodied體現 light,
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柔美流動的線條
06:51
soft-flowing軟流 lines
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就像是透著光的帷幕
06:53
like luminescent發光 drapery布料.
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我們收到超過80個國家的180份提案
06:55
180 submissions提交
were received收到 from 80 countries國家,
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最後這份雀屏中選
07:00
and this was selected.
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接下來就要思考如何建造
07:02
So we went to the next下一個 stage階段
of how to build建立 it.
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07:08
We had submitted提交 alabaster雪花.
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我們原先想用雪花石膏
07:12
But alabaster雪花 was too soft柔軟的,
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但那太軟了
07:14
and we were experimenting試驗,
many許多 experiments實驗 with materials物料,
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所以我們又用其他材料做了實驗
試圖讓它產生這樣的微光
07:18
trying to think how we could have
this kind of shimmer發微光,
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07:22
and we ended結束 up with borosilicate硼矽酸鹽.
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最後我們決定用硼矽酸玻璃
07:25
And borosilicate硼矽酸鹽 glass玻璃,
as you know, is very strong強大,
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硼矽酸玻璃很強韌
07:29
and if you break打破 borosilicate硼矽酸鹽 rods
just so and melt熔化 them
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若要重塑玻璃得先把它融化
還必須在特定溫度
07:34
at just the right temperature溫度,
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我們最後選用這種新材料
07:36
we ended結束 up with this new material材料,
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這個新鑄造的玻璃花了我們兩年的時間
07:38
this new cast glass玻璃 which哪一個 took us
about two years年份 to make.
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07:43
And it had this quality質量 that we loved喜愛,
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我們很喜歡這種玻璃的特質
07:46
this idea理念 of the embodied體現 light,
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因為它能夠透光
07:49
but on the inside, we wanted
something with a soft柔軟的 light,
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但也希望內部有個柔和的光源
07:53
like the inner lining of a jacket夾克.
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像是外套的內襯一樣
外層提供保護,內層則會實際接觸到肌膚
07:56
On the outside you have protection保護,
but on the inside you touch觸摸 it.
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08:00
So we found發現 this tiny vein靜脈
in a huge巨大 quarry採石場 in Portugal葡萄牙
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我們在葡萄牙發現一條小礦脈
08:06
with this beautiful美麗 stone,
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礦脈中富含這種美麗的石頭
08:09
which哪一個 the owner所有者 had kept不停
for seven generations in his family家庭,
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這些石頭在礦主家傳了七代
只為等待合適的計畫,信不信由你
08:14
waiting等候 for the right project項目,
if you can believe it.
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08:19
Look at this material材料, it's beautiful美麗.
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看看這個石材,多麼美麗
08:21
And the way it lights燈火 up;
it has that translucent半透明 quality質量.
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點亮它後,會呈現半透明的狀態
08:26
So here you see the structure結構體.
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這邊可以看到建築架構
08:29
It lets讓我們 the light through通過.
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光線能夠透過去
08:31
And looking down,
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而往下俯瞰
九面側翼一同匯聚
08:35
the nine wings翅膀 are bound,
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結構堅固且意義重大
08:37
structurally結構 but symbolically象徵 strong強大,
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08:41
a great symbol符號 of unity統一:
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那是合一的象徵
08:44
pure geometry幾何, a perfect完善 circle,
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也是純粹的幾何與完美的圓
08:47
30 meters in section部分 and in plan計劃,
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每部分高達30公尺,就跟設計圖上的一樣
08:52
perfectly完美 symmetrical對稱,
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完美的對稱
就像是神聖與幾何的概念
08:53
like the idea理念 of sacredness神聖 and geometry幾何.
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08:57
And here you see the building建造 going up,
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我們一路看著建築向上興建
09:01
2,000 steel nodes節點,
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2000個鋼骨節點
09:03
9,000 pieces of steel,
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9000片建築鋼
09:07
7,800 stone pieces,
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7800片石材
09:10
10,000 cast glass玻璃 pieces,
all individual個人 shapes形狀,
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一萬片鑄造玻璃,每片獨立成形
剛提到的整個上層建築
09:14
the entire整個 superstructure上層建築 all described描述,
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09:17
engineered工程, fabricated製造
with aerospace航天 technology技術,
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是以航太技術設計、打造
09:22
prefabricated預製 machine to machine,
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以多臺機器預先製造
09:25
robotically機器人,
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過程精密準確
09:27
a huge巨大 team球隊 effort功夫, you can imagine想像,
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這是大規模的團隊合作
09:29
of literally按照字面 hundreds數以百計,
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由數百人組成
09:31
and within three percent百分
of our $30 million百萬 budget預算
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只用了三千萬預算中的3%
09:36
set in 2006.
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這是在2006年訂下的
09:38
(Applause掌聲)
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(觀眾掌聲)
09:42
Nine wings翅膀 bound together一起
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九面側翼匯聚
09:47
forming成型 a nine-pointed九尖 star,
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形成一顆九芒星
09:50
and the star shape形狀 moving移動 in space空間,
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這顆星星會隨著時空移動
09:55
tracking追踪 the sun太陽.
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追隨著陽光
10:07
So here it is.
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這就是最終樣貌!
10:09
Audience聽眾: Wow!
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(觀眾驚呼)
10:11
(Applause掌聲)
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(觀眾掌聲)
10:19
Hopefully希望, a befitting合適 response響應
to that beautiful美麗 quote引用,
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我們希望這能呼應那句優美的禱文
10:25
"a prayer禱告 answered回答,"
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「蒙應允的祈禱」
10:27
open打開 in all directions方向,
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向四面八方開展
10:30
capturing捕獲 the blue藍色 light of dawn黎明,
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捕捉破曉時的藍光
10:34
tent-like帳篷狀 white白色 light of day,
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白晝時有著帷幕狀的白光
10:37
the gold light of the afternoon下午,
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午後則有金黃色的光芒
10:40
and of course課程, at night, the reversal翻轉:
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當然,到了晚上,一切翻轉:
10:45
sensuous感覺上的,
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這是感性的
10:48
catching the light in all kinds
of mysterious神秘 ways方法.
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以各種神祕的方式捕捉光
10:53
And the site現場: it's interesting有趣;
14 years年份 ago when we made製作 the submission服從,
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有趣的是,我們14年前提交建案時
10:59
we showed顯示 the temple寺廟
set against反對 the Andes安第斯山脈.
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是把靈曦堂設立在與安第斯山相對的位置
11:01
We didn't have the Andes安第斯山脈 as our site現場,
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我們沒有要將安第斯山當作靈曦堂的位址
11:05
but after nine years年份, that's exactly究竟
where we ended結束 up,
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但9年之後,卻真的建在安第斯山旁
11:10
the lines of the temple寺廟 set against反對
nothing but pure nature性質,
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靈曦堂的輪廓與純粹的自然相映
11:14
and you turn around and you get
nothing but the city below下面 you,
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轉過身便能俯瞰整座城市
11:19
and inside, a view視圖 in all directions方向,
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室內則有360度美景
11:25
radiating散熱 gardens花園
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放射狀的花園
11:27
from each of the alcoves壁龕,
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從各壁龕外旋
11:31
radiating散熱 paths路徑.
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形成輻射狀的步道
11:36
Last October十月, the opening開盤 ceremonies儀式 --
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去年十月的開幕儀式
11:40
a beautiful美麗, sacred神聖 event事件,
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既美麗又神聖
11:44
5,000 people from 80 countries國家,
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來自80個國家的5000位參與者
11:47
a continuous連續 river of visitors遊客,
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接踵而至
11:51
indigenous土著 people
from all over South America美國,
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包含許多南美洲原住民
11:55
some who had never left their villages村莊.
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當中有些甚至不曾離開自己的村莊
11:59
And of course課程, that this temple寺廟
belongs屬於 to people,
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而這座神廟當然屬於人民
12:03
the collective集體, of many許多 cultures文化
and walks散步 of life,
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這些人民來自不同文化背景及各行各業
12:09
many許多 beliefs信仰,
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擁有不同信仰
12:10
and for me, what's most important重要
is what it feels感覺 like on the inside;
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對我來說,最重要的是內在的感覺
那是種親密的感覺
12:15
that it feel intimate親密,
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神聖的感覺
12:18
sacred神聖,
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我們歡迎所有的人
12:19
and that everyone大家 is welcome歡迎.
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12:22
And if even a few少數 who come
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而要是真的有些人
12:27
have the same相同 reaction反應
as that security安全 guard守衛,
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有和警衛相同的反應
12:31
then it truly would be their temple寺廟.
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那就真的是屬於他們的神廟
12:37
And I would love that.
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我也會很高興
12:38
Thank you.
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謝謝各位
12:40
(Applause掌聲)
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(觀眾掌聲)
Translated by Yi-Chieh Chiu
Reviewed by Phyllis Huang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siamak Hariri - Architect
Siamak Hariri holds deep respect for the transformative potential of architecture, specializing in creating works of enduring value.

Why you should listen

Siamak Hariri is a founding Partner of Hariri Pontarini Architects, a 120 person practice based in Toronto. His portfolio of nationally and internationally recognized buildings has won over 60 awards, including the Governor General’s Medal in Architecture, celebrated as one of Canada’s Artists who mattered most by the Globe and Mail and with his Partner David Pontarini, the 2013 Royal Architectural Institute of Canada’s Architectural Firm Award.

One of Hariri's earliest HPA projects, the Canadian headquarters of McKinsey & Company, is the youngest building to receive City of Toronto heritage landmark designation. He has recently completed public and private projects include the award-winning Richard Ivey Building, Richard Ivey School of Business at Western University, the Jackman Law Building for the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Law, the Schulich School of Business at York University and the Integrated Health Sciences campus, with the University of Waterloo’s School of Pharmacy and the McMaster University Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in downtown Kitchener.

In the fall of 2016, Hariri completed a project he began in 2003, the  Bahá’í Temple of South American, located in Santiago, Chile, the last of the Bahá’í continental temples. Won through an international call and a rigorous design competition (185 entries from 80 countries) the temple is poised to become an architectural landmark at the foothill of the Andes. It has already won some of the top architecture awards including  the RAIC Innovation Award, the World Architecture News Best Building of the Year (selected by ninety-seven judges around the world); Architect Magazine’s Progressive Architecture Award (architecture’s top unbuilt projects award); the Canadian Architect’s Award of Excellence; the International Property Awards and was profiled by National Geographic Magazine.

Hariri is currently working on the complex Princess Margaret Space Transformation Project and  has recently won two international design competitions, the first, the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, and the second, selected from over 92 international architects, for the new Tom Patterson Theatre, poised to become the heart of the Stratford Festival.

Born in Bonn, Germany, Hariri was educated at the University of Waterloo and Yale University where he completed a Master of Architecture. He has taught at the Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design at the University of Toronto, as well as been a lecturer and guest critic for numerous organizations across North America. Hariri was recently awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Architecture from Ryerson University for his contribution to architecture in Canada and abroad. The University of Toronto also honored him with an Arbor Award for his contribution to the University experience as a lecturer and adjunct professor. Hariri lives in Toronto with his artist wife, Sasha Rogers and their three children; Lua, Yasmin and David. 

More profile about the speaker
Siamak Hariri | Speaker | TED.com

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