TED2006
Cameron Sinclair: My wish: A call for open-source architecture
卡梅隆‧辛克萊談開源建築
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在2006年接受TED Prize後，卡梅隆‧辛克萊向大家展示了充滿熱情的設計者和建築師如何能夠應對世界住宅的危機。他公佈了他TED Prize的希望是建立一個以通過合作設計來改善生活水平的全球網絡。
Cameron Sinclair - Co-founder, Architecture for Humanity
2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs. Full bio
2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
I'm going to take you on a journey very quickly.
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我將帶大家踏上一段旅程
00:26
To explain the wish, I'm going to have to take you somewhere
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為了解釋這個願望，我將不得不把你們帶到
00:29
which many people haven't been, and that's around the world.
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世界各地很多人都沒有到過的地方
00:31
When I was about 24 years old, Kate Store and myself started an organization
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當我24歲左右的時候，我和凱特‧史代開始了一個組織
00:36
to get architects and designers involved in humanitarian work.
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來帶動建築師和設計師參與人道主義的工作
00:40
Not only about responding to natural disasters,
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不僅僅涉及應對自然災害
00:42
but involved in systemic issues.
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還包括系統性的問題
00:45
We believed that where the resources and expertise are scarce,
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我們相信在資源和專業知識匱乏的地方
00:50
innovative, sustainable design can really make a difference in people's lives.
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創新、可持續的設計才能夠真正地改善人們的生活
00:56
So I started my life as an architect, or training as an architect,
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因此，這一切都要從我的 -- 我最初是一名建築師，或培訓作為一個建築師
01:01
and I was always interested in socially responsible design,
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我一直對社會認真負責的設計
01:04
and how you can really make an impact.
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以及你們怎樣能夠真正產生影響感到興趣
01:06
But when I went to architectural school,
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但當我在建築學校念書的時候
01:08
it seemed that I was the black sheep in the family.
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我彷佛是當中的害群之馬
01:11
Many architects seemed to think that when you design,
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許多建築師似乎認為，當你設計的時候
01:14
you design a jewel, and it's a jewel that you try and crave for.
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你是在設計珠寶，而且是一個你嘗試和渴望擁有的珠寶
01:18
Whereas I felt that when you design,
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然而我覺得，當你設計時
01:20
you either improve or you create a detriment
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對那個你設計的社區來說
01:22
to the community in which you're designing in.
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你不是在改進便是在破壞
01:24
So you're not just doing a building for the residents
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所以你並不是單單是為了那些居民建造房屋
01:26
or for the people who are going to use it,
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或是那些將會使用那些房屋的人們
01:28
but for the community as a whole.
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而是為了那整個社區
01:30
And in 1999, we started by responding to the issue of the housing crisis
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在1999年，我們通過為在科索沃返回的難民
01:37
for returning refugees in Kosovo
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解答房屋危機而開始
01:39
and I didn't know what I was doing; like I say, mid-20s,
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我那時候不知道我在做什麼，就像我說的，我那時20多歲
01:43
and I'm the, I'm the Internet generation, so we started a website.
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正值網路的時代，所以我們開始了一個網站
01:47
We put a call out there, and to my surprise in a couple of months
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我們在網站上發起召喚，讓我吃驚的是
01:51
we had hundreds of entries from around the world.
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在幾個月內，我們收到數百名來自世界各地參賽作品
01:54
That led to a number of prototypes being built
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於是我們興建了一些建築範本
01:56
and really experimenting with some ideas.
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以及把一些概念嘗試了
01:59
Two years later we started doing a project
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兩年後，我們開始了一個
02:01
on developing mobile health clinics in sub-Saharan Africa,
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應對在非洲撒哈拉以南數個，在愛滋病的
02:05
responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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流行而開發的流動診所項目
02:10
That led to 550 entries from 53 countries.
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結果我們收到來自53個國家共550個參賽作品
02:16
We also have designers from around the world that participate.
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我們有來自世界各地的設計師參加這個項目
02:21
And we had an exhibit of work that followed that.
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而且我們也展覽了隨後的設計
02:24
2004 was the tipping point for us.
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2004年是我們的轉捩點
02:27
We started responding to natural disasters
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我們開始對自然災害產生應對
02:29
and getting involved in Iran and Bam,
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也開始了在伊朗和巴姆的工作
02:31
also following up on our work in Africa.
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同時間我們在非洲的工作也持續進行
02:34
Working within the United States,
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在美國
02:36
most people look at poverty and they see the face of a foreigner,
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大部分人對貧窮感到陌生
02:39
but go live -- I live in Bozeman, Montana --
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但當你在 -- 我住在蒙大拿州波茲曼市--
02:41
go up to the north plains on the reservations,
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往北走到了北部平原上的保留帶
02:43
or go down to Alabama or Mississippi
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或南下到阿拉巴馬州和密西西比州
02:46
pre-Katrina, and I could have shown you places
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在卡崔娜颶風來襲前，你可以看到一些
02:48
that have far worse conditions than many developing countries I've been to.
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生活條件比發展中國家國家來得要差的地方
02:52
So we got involved in and worked in inner cities and elsewhere.
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因此，我們在內陸城市和其他地方開始參與和工作
02:56
And then also I will go into some more projects.
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等一下我會介紹更多的項目
02:59
2005 Mother Nature kicked our arse.
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然後是2005年的大自然災害
03:02
I think we can pretty much assume that 2005 was a horrific year
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我認為我們幾乎可以肯定2005年是令人恐懼的一年
03:07
when it comes to natural disasters.
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當涉及到自然災害的時候
03:09
And because of the Internet,
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而由於網際網路
03:10
and because of connections to blogs and so forth,
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因為連接到部落格等等
03:13
within literally hours of the tsunami, we were already raising funds,
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在發生海嘯幾個小時後，我們已經在籌集資金
03:18
getting involved, working with people on the ground.
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以及參與救災的工作
03:21
We run from a couple of laptops in the first couple of days,
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在最初那幾天，我們靠著幾部筆記本電腦運作
03:25
I had 4,000 emails from people needing help.
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我收到四千多封需要幫助的電子郵件
03:28
So we began to get involved in projects there,
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所以我們開始參與那邊的方案
03:31
and I'll talk about some others.
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我將談點別的
03:32
And then of course, this year we've been responding to Katrina,
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當然，這一年我們在做和卡崔娜颶風相應的工作
03:35
as well as following up on our reconstruction works.
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以及重建工程的後續工作
03:38
So this is a brief overview.
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這是一個簡要的概述
03:41
In 2004, I really couldn't manage
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2004年，我真的無法應付
03:43
the number of people who wanted to help,
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那些大量需要幫助的人
03:45
or the number of requests that I was getting.
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或是那些要求幫助的請求
03:47
It was all coming into my laptop and cell phone.
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那些請求全來到我的筆記電腦和手機裡
03:50
So we decided to embrace
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因此，我們決定採用一個開放 --
03:53
an open source model of business --
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基本上是一個開源的商業模式
03:55
that anyone, anywhere in the world, could start a local chapter,
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即任何人，在世界任何地方，可以開始一個地方分會
03:58
and they can get involved in local problems.
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然後他們可以參與當地的問題
04:00
Because I believe there is no such thing as Utopia.
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因為我不相信所謂的烏托邦
04:03
All problems are local. All solutions are local.
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所有問題都是地方性的，所有解決方案也都是地方性的
04:05
So, and that means, you know,
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因此，這意味著
04:07
somebody who is based in Mississippi
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住在密西西比州人
04:10
knows more about Mississippi than I do. So what happened is,
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比我更清楚了解密西西比州
04:14
we used MeetUp and all these other kind of Internet tools,
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因此，我們用MeetUp和所有其他這類型的網路工具
04:19
and we ended up having 40 chapters starting up,
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結果我們開了40個分會
04:23
thousands of architects in 104 countries.
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與及數千多名建築師分佈在104個國家
04:27
So the bullet point -- sorry, I never do a suit,
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所以，重點是 -- 不好意思，我從來沒有穿過西裝
04:31
so I knew that I was going to take this off.
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所以我知道我一定會除掉它
04:33
OK, because I'm going to do it very quick.
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因為我打算很快把它除掉
04:35
So in the past seven years -- this isn't just about nonprofit.
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因此，在過去7年，這不僅僅是關於非營利
04:39
What it showed me is that there's a grassroots movement going on
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而是它使我相信，有這樣的基層運動在進行
04:42
of socially responsible designers
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有很多對社會負責的設計師
04:44
who really believe that this world has got a lot smaller,
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他們相信這個世界可以團結一起
04:47
and that we have the opportunity -- not the responsibility,
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我們有機會 -- 不是責任
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but the opportunity -- to really get involved in making change.
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而是機會 -- 去參與改變這個世界
04:55
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:05
I'm adding that to my time.
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我會把這加在我的時間上
05:09
So what you don't know is,
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所以你不知道的是
05:12
we've got these thousands of designers working around the world,
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我們有數以千計的設計師在世界各地工作
05:14
connected basically by a website, and we have a staff of three.
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他們僅靠著一個網站聯繫，而我們只有三個工作人員
05:18
By doing something, the fact that nobody told us we couldn't do it,
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通過做一些沒有人告訴我們不能做的事
05:22
we did it. And so there's something to be said about naivete.
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我們做到了。所以，天真或許不是壞的
05:25
So seven years later, we've developed so that we've got advocacy,
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七年後，我們已經發展到有了提倡、
05:29
instigation and implementation. We advocate for good design,
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煽動和實施，我們提倡好的設計
05:32
not only through student workshops and lectures and public forums,
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不僅通過學生的研討會和講座，公眾論壇
05:36
op-eds; we have a book on humanitarian work;
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社論，我們有一本不僅是關於人道主義工作的書
05:39
but also disaster mitigation and dealing with public policy.
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而且它還包括減輕災害和處理公共政策
05:42
We can talk about FEMA, but that's another talk.
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我們可以談論聯邦緊急事務管理局，但那會是另一個演講
05:46
Instigation, developing ideas with communities
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煽動發展與各社區有關的構思
05:49
and NGOs doing open-source design competitions.
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和非政府組織做開源設計比賽
05:52
Referring, matchmaking with communities
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談到與社區配對
05:55
and then implementing -- actually going out there and doing the work,
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然後實施 -- 切切實實地走出去工作
05:58
because when you invent, it's never a reality until it's built.
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因為當你發明時，直到它建成了，它才是現實
06:04
So it's really important that if we're designing
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因此很重要的是，當我們在設計
06:07
and trying to create change, we build that change.
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並試圖創建改變時，我們真真實實地建立這種改變
06:10
So here's a select number of projects.
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這裡我選了一些項目
06:13
Kosovo. This is Kosovo in '99. We did an open design competition,
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科索沃，我們在1999年的科索沃做了一個公開的設計比賽
06:19
like I said. It led to a whole variety of ideas,
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就像我說的，這引發了各式各樣的構想
06:23
and this wasn't about emergency shelter, but transitional shelter
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這重點不是緊急避難所
06:26
that would last five to 10 years,
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而是可持續5到10年的過渡性房屋
06:28
that would be placed next to the land the resident lived in,
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而且可放置於該地居民的住宅附近
06:32
and that they would rebuild their own home.
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然後，他們將重建自己家園
06:35
This wasn't imposing an architecture on a community;
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這不是把建築強加在社區上
06:37
this was giving them the tools and,
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而是給他們的工具
06:39
and the space to allow them
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和空間
06:41
to rebuild and regrow the way they want to.
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讓他們重建他們想要的樣子
06:45
We have from the sublime to the ridiculous, but they worked.
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我們的設計有從宏偉到可笑的，但它們都行得通
06:48
This is an inflatable hemp house. It was built; it works.
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這是一個充氣大麻屋，它已建成並可使用
06:54
This is a shipping container. Built and works.
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這是一個運輸貨櫃，已建成和很實用
06:58
And a whole variety of ideas
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我們還有和很多不同的想法
07:00
that not only dealt with architectural building,
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不僅涉及建築和設計
07:03
but also the issues of governance
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還包括治理的問題
07:05
and the idea of creating communities through complex networks.
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和通過複雜的網絡來創建社區理念
07:08
So we've engaged not just designers, but also,
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因此，我們不僅和設計師合作
07:11
you know, a whole variety of technology-based professionals.
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還和多種技術為基礎的專業人員合作
07:16
Using rubble from destroyed homes to create new homes.
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使用被摧毀的房屋來建立新的家園
07:20
Using straw bale construction, creating heat walls.
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使用稻草包來建設創造太陽能吸熱壁
07:26
And then something remarkable happened in '99.
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然後在1999年時，發生了一件值得注意的事
07:28
We went to Africa, originally to look at the housing issue.
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我們去了非洲，原本只是去看看住屋的問題
07:32
Within three days, we realized the problem was not housing;
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然而在三天內，我們意識到問題並不是在住屋
07:35
it was the growing pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
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而是在日益蔓延的愛滋病
07:38
And it wasn't doctors telling us this;
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這並不是醫生告訴我們的
07:40
it was actual villagers that we were staying with.
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而是和我們住在一起的村民告訴我們
07:43
And so we came up with the bright idea that instead of getting people
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因此，我們想出了一個好主意
07:47
to walk 10, 15 kilometers to see doctors, you get the doctors to the people.
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與其讓人們步行10、15公里去看醫生，還不如把醫生帶到他們去
07:51
And we started engaging the medical community.
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便是這樣，我們開始參與的醫學界的工作
07:54
And I thought, you know, we thought we were real bright, you know, sparks --
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那時候，我們認為我們是真的很聰明，就像火花一樣閃燿 --
07:57
we've come up with this great idea, mobile health clinics
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我們想出這一個偉大的構想，流動診所--
08:01
widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
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一個可以廣泛分佈在非洲撒哈拉以南的流動診所
08:04
And the community, the medical community there said,
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那裡的社區和醫界對我們說
08:06
"We've said this for the last decade. We know this.
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「我們在過去的十年也是這樣想，我們早已知道這一點
08:10
We just don't know how to show this."
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我們只是不知道怎樣實行。」
08:12
So in a way, we had taken a pre-existing need and shown solutions.
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在某種程度上，我們拿了一個早存在的需要，然後找出解決方案
08:18
And so again, we had a whole variety of ideas that came in.
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因此，我們再次找到各式各樣的概念
08:23
This one I personally love,
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這一個是我個人喜愛
08:25
because the idea that architecture is not just about solutions,
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概念是建築不只是用來解決問題
08:28
but about raising awareness.
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還包括提高人們的意識
08:30
This is a kenaf clinic. You get seed and you grow it in a plot of land,
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這是一個紅麻診所。你拿一顆種子，然後把它種在土地
08:36
and then once -- and it grows 14 feet in a month.
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一個月裡它便會生長14英尺
08:39
And on the fourth week, the doctors come and they mow out an area,
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在第四個星期，醫生會來了把草刈掉
08:42
put a tensile structure on the top
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再把一個拉伸結構放在頂部
08:44
and when the doctors have finished treating
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當醫生完成治療
08:47
and seeing patients and villagers,
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和看完病人和村民後
08:51
you cut down the clinic and you eat it. It's an Eat Your Own Clinic.
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你可以把診所砍下來吃，這是一個可以吃掉的診所
08:54
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:55
So it's dealing with the fact that if you have AIDS,
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我們面對的是，如果你有愛滋病
08:58
you also need to have nutrition rates,
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你要明白你是需要營養
09:00
and the idea that the idea of nutrition is as important
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以及明白營養的重要性
09:03
as getting anti-retrovirals out there.
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是和得到抗病毒藥物是一樣重要的
09:04
So you know, this is a serious solution.
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所以這是一個十分重要的解決方法
09:08
This one I love. The idea is it's not just a clinic -- it's a community center.
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這個是我的喜愛，因為它不僅僅是一個診所，還是一個社區中心
09:11
This looked at setting up trade routes
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這個是關於建立貿易路線
09:14
and economic engines within the community,
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和經濟引擎在社區內
09:16
so it can be a self-sustaining project.
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這樣社區便可以自給自足
09:18
Every one of these projects is sustainable.
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每一個方案都是永續的
09:21
That's not because I'm a tree-hugging green person.
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我這樣做並不是因為狂熱環保份子
09:24
It's because when you live on four dollars a day,
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而是因為當你每天只可以花四元的時候
09:27
you're living on survival and you have to be sustainable.
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你要生存便必須生活在永續中
09:30
You have to know where your energy is coming from.
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你要知道你的能量是從哪裡來
09:32
You have to know where your resource is coming from.
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你要知道你的資源是來自哪
09:35
And you have to keep the maintenance down.
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你必須保持把需要維修的減少
09:37
So this is about getting an economic engine,
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因此，這是有關獲取經濟的引擎
09:39
and then at night it turns into a movie theater.
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然後靈活運用
09:41
So it's not an AIDS clinic. It's a community center.
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因此它不僅僅是一個愛滋病診所，它也是一個社區中心
09:47
So you can see ideas. And these ideas developed into prototypes,
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你可以看到我們把不同的想法發展成範本
09:52
and they were eventually built. And currently, as of this year,
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然後最終把它們建成， 今年目前
09:55
there are clinics rolling out in Nigeria and Kenya.
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我們已經有新建的診所在尼日利亞和肯亞
10:00
From that we also developed Siyathemba, which was a project --
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我們之後還開發了西亞添巴，這個方案 --
10:04
the community came to us and said,
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那社區來找我們，告訴我們
10:06
the problem is that the girls don't have education.
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他們的問題是女孩沒有受到教育
10:09
And we're working in an area
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那地方年齡介乎
10:11
where young women between the ages of 16 and 24
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16至24歲的的女生
10:13
have a 50 percent HIV/AIDS rate.
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有一半是患有愛滋病
10:16
And that's not because they're promiscuous,
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這並不是因為他們濫交
10:19
it's because there's no knowledge.
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而是因為他們沒有知識
10:21
And so we decided to look at the idea of sports and create a youth sports center
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因此我們決定用運動的構思來建造一個青年體育中心
10:25
that doubled as an HIV/AIDS outreach center,
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而它同時作用愛滋病宣傳中心
10:28
and the coaches of the girls' team were also trained doctors.
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那裡當教練的女孩同一時間也是受過專門培訓的醫生
10:32
So that there would be a very slow way
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我們用有一個很穩健的方式
10:34
of developing kind of confidence in health care.
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來建立當地的保健
10:39
And we picked nine finalists,
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我們最後選了九個決賽者
10:42
and then those nine finalists were distributed throughout the entire region,
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他們分佈在整個區域
10:46
and then the community picked their design.
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然後我們讓那社區挑選他們喜歡的設計
10:48
They said, this is our design,
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他們說，這是屬於我們的設計
10:50
because it's not only about engaging a community;
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因為它不單只致力於社區
10:52
it's about empowering a community
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它還賦予這個社區力量
10:54
and about getting them to be a part of the rebuilding process.
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讓他們成為重建進程的一部分
10:59
So the winning design is here, and then of course,
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這便是比賽的優勝作品
11:03
we actually go and work with the community and the clients.
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我們也切切實實地和地區與客戶一起工作
11:06
So this is the designer. He's out there working
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你可以看到這個設計師與在西亞添巴
11:07
with the first ever women's soccer team in Kwa-Zulu Natal, Siyathemba,
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誇祖魯納塔爾第一支女子足球隊一起工作
11:13
and they can tell it better.
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他們可以告訴你更多
11:38
Video: Well, my name is Sisi, because I work at the African center.
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我的名字是西西，我在非洲中心工作
11:41
I'm a consultant and I'm also the national football player
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我是這裡的顧問，也是南非曼德拉國家隊的
11:46
for South Africa, Bafana Bafana,
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足球運動員
11:48
and I also play in the Vodacom League for the team called Tembisa,
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我也是Vodacom聯盟一個叫比薩的隊伍的隊員
11:55
which has now changed to Siyathemba.
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現已改為叫西亞添巴
11:58
This is our home ground.
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這是我們的主場
12:01
Cameron Sinclair: So I'm going to show that later because I'm running out of time.
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我等一下再放給你們看，因為我的時間不多了
12:03
I can see Chris looking at me slyly.
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我可以看到克里斯狡猾地看著我
12:07
This was a connection,
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這是一個聯系
12:09
just a meeting with somebody who wanted to develop
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我和一個想要在坦桑尼亞開發
12:11
Africa's first telemedicine center, in Tanzania.
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非洲第一個遠程醫療中心的人面談
12:15
And we met, literally, a couple of months ago. We've already developed a design,
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我們可以說只在幾個月前見面而且，但我們已經發展了一個設計
12:18
and the team is over there, working in partnership.
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而且還有合作顆伴在那裡工作了
12:20
This was a matchmaking thanks to a couple of TEDsters:
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通過兩個TEDster的介紹
12:24
[unclear] Cheryl Heller and Andrew Zolli,
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雪麗兒‧海勒和安德‧魯佐利
12:27
who connected me with this amazing African woman.
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我認識了一個十分優秀的非洲女士
12:30
And we start construction in June, and it will be opened by TEDGlobal.
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我們在六月開工建設，並將在TEDGlobal開幕
12:33
So when you come to TEDGlobal, you can check it out.
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所以如果你會來TEDGlobal，你便可以來看看
12:36
But what we're known probably most for is dealing with disasters and development,
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不過我們最知名的可能是處理災害和發展
12:40
and we've been involved in a lot of issues,
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我們已經參與了很多不同的議題
12:43
such as the tsunami and also things like Hurricane Katrina.
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例如海嘯，以及卡崔娜颶風等等
12:49
This is a 370-dollar shelter that can be easily assembled.
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這是一個370美元，可以很容易地組裝的住屋
12:57
This is
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這是一個社區的設計
12:59
a community-designed community center.
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一個社區設計的社區中心
13:02
And what that means is we actually live and work with the community,
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這意味著我們與那個社區一起生活和工作
13:06
and they're part of the design process.
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他們是設計過程的一環
13:10
The kids actually get involved in mapping out
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孩子們實際上參與了制訂
13:13
where the community center should be, and then eventually,
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地方社區中心的位置
13:17
the community is actually, through skills training,
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然後通過技能培訓
13:19
end up building the building with us.
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最終與我們一起建造這社區中心
13:22
Here is another school.
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這是另一所學校
13:24
This is what the U.N. gave these guys for six months -- 12 plastic tarps.
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這是聯合國在六個月內給予這些他們 -- 12個塑料防雨布
13:29
This was in August. This was the replacement,
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這是在八月時，這是用來替代的
13:31
and it's supposed to last for two years.
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它屬意持續兩年
13:33
When the rain comes down, you can't hear a thing,
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當雨季來臨了，你什麼也聽不到
13:35
and in the summer it's about 140 degrees inside.
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而在夏季時，室內大約華氏140度
13:38
So we said, if the rain's coming down, let's get fresh water.
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所以我們說，物盡其用吧！
13:42
So every one of our schools have rain water collection systems, very low cost.
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每所學校都有成本低廉的雨水收集系統
13:46
A class, three classrooms and rainwater collection is 5,000 dollars.
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一堂課、三間教室和雨水收集共要5000美元
13:51
This was raised by hot chocolate sales in Atlanta.
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我們在亞特蘭大靠著售賣熱巧克力籌得總數
13:55
It's built by the parents of the kids.
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它是孩子的父母蓋成的
13:58
The kids are out there on-site, building the buildings.
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孩子們也全一起蓋建
14:01
And it opened a couple of weeks ago,
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它幾個星期前開幕
14:03
and there's 600 kids that are now using the schools.
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現在這所學校已經有600個孩子在使用
14:05
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
14:12
So, disaster hits home.
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後來，災難襲擊我們的家園
14:15
We see the bad stories on CNN and Fox and all that,
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我們已經在CNN和Fox看到那些糟糕的故事
14:20
but we don't see the good stories.
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但我們看不到好的故事
14:22
Here is a community that got together and they said no to waiting.
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這裡是一個社區，他們聚在一起，他們對等待說不
14:26
They formed a partnership, a diverse partnership of players
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他們建立了夥伴關係，一個多樣化的合作夥伴
14:29
to actually map out East Biloxi,
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實際地制訂東比洛西克的規劃
14:31
to figure out who is getting involved.
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和找出參與的人
14:33
We've had over 1,500 volunteers rebuilding, rehabbing homes.
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我們有超過1500名志願者重建和整修家園
14:38
Figuring out what FEMA regulations are,
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以及弄清楚聯邦緊急事務管理局條例
14:40
not waiting for them to dictate to us how you should rebuild.
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而不是等待他們支配我們應該如何重建
14:44
Working with residents, getting them out of their homes,
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與居民一起工作，讓他們走出自己的家園
14:47
so they don't get ill. This is what they're cleaning up on their own.
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因此他們不會生病，這是他們清理自己的方式
14:52
Designing housing. This house is going to go in in a couple of weeks.
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設計房屋: 這房子是要在一兩個星期完成
14:55
This is a rehabbed home, done in four days.
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這是一個整修的屋子，四天裡完成
14:58
This is a utility room for a woman who is on a walker.
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這是一個給在使用助步器的女人的雜物間
15:03
She's 70 years old. This is what FEMA gave her.
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她已70歲，這是聯邦緊急措施署給她的
15:05
600 bucks, happened two days ago.
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600美元，這是兩天前發生的事
15:09
We put together very quickly a washroom.
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我們很快整理出一個洗手間
15:12
It's built; it's running and she just started a business today,
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它已建成並且已投入使用，她今天剛開始了她的生意
15:14
where she's washing other peoples clothes.
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她將會在那裡去清洗別人的衣服
15:17
This is Shandra and the Calhouns. They're photographers
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這是桑德拉和卡爾霍恩，他們是攝影師
15:21
who have documented the Lower Ninth for the last 40 years.
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他們在過去40年記錄了下九區
15:25
That was their home, and these are the photographs they took.
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這是他們的家，這些是他們拍的照片
15:28
And we're helping, working with them to create a new building.
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我們正在幫助他們，和與他們共同努力去創建一個新的房子
15:31
Projects we've done. Projects we've been a part of, support.
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我們所完成的項目，我們參與和支持的項目
15:36
Why don't aid agencies do this? This is the U.N. tent.
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為什麼援助機構不這樣做呢？這是聯合國帳篷
15:42
This is the new U.N. tent, just introduced this year.
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這是新的聯合國帳篷，今年剛推出
15:45
Quick to assemble. It's got a flap, that's the invention.
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可以快速組裝。它有一個側窗，這就是發明
15:50
It took 20 years to design this and get it implemented in the field.
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花了它們20年時間設計並使用
15:55
I was 12 years old. There's a problem here.
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我那時12歲，這是一個嚴重的問題
16:01
Luckily, we're not alone.
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幸運的是，我們並不孤獨
16:03
There are hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds
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世界各地有成千上萬的
16:06
and hundreds of architects and designers and inventors
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建築師、設計師和發明家
16:10
around the world that are getting involved in humanitarian work.
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正在參與人道主義的工作
16:15
More hemp houses -- it's a theme in Japan apparently.
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更多大麻房子建成了--明顯地這在日本很流行
16:18
I'm not sure what they're smoking.
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我不知道他們吸的是什麼
16:24
This is a grip clip designed by somebody who said, all you need is some way
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這是一個抓夾，設計它的人說
16:27
to attach membrane structures to physical support beams.
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只需附加膜結構唯便可以支持橫樑
16:35
This guy designed for NASA, is now doing housing.
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這傢伙原先為美國航空總署設計的--現在設計房屋
16:40
I'm going to whip through this quickly,
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我將很快地把這些概括
16:42
because I know I've got only a couple of minutes.
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因為我只剩下幾分鐘
16:46
So this is all done in the last two years.
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這些所有都是在過去的兩年完成的
16:48
I showed you something that took 20 years to do.
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我給你們看的可是要花二十年去完成的
16:51
And this is just a selection of things that
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而這只是在過去幾年
16:54
were built in the last couple of years.
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建成的一小部分
16:56
From Brazil to India,
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從巴西到印度、
16:59
Mexico,
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墨西哥、
17:01
Alabama,
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阿拉巴馬州、
17:03
China,
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中國、
17:06
Israel,
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以色列、
17:08
Palestine,
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巴勒斯坦、
17:11
Vietnam.
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越南
17:12
The average age of a designer
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設計師的平均年齡
17:14
who gets involved in this project is 32 -- that's how old I am. So it's a young --
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是三十二歲 -- 這像我的年齡一樣。所以這是一個年輕的--
17:21
I just have to stop here, because Arup is in the room
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我必須停在這兒，因為Arup也在會場
17:23
and this is the best-designed toilet in the world.
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2000
這是世界上設計最好的廁所
17:25
If you're ever, ever in India, go use this toilet.
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如果你有機會到印度，一定要用一下這個廁所
17:29
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
17:30
Chris Luebkeman will tell you why.
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克里斯‧路刻文會告訴你為什麼
17:33
I'm sure that's how he wanted to spend the party.
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2000
我肯定這是他想做的，但
17:40
But the future is not going to be the sky-scraping cities of New York,
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但未來不會是像紐約一樣滿佈高樓的城市
17:44
but this. And when you look at this, you see crisis.
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但當你看到這些，你會想到危機
17:47
What I see is many, many inventors.
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但我看到的是許多、許多生機
17:50
One billion people live in abject poverty.
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有十億人生活在赤貧之中
17:52
We hear about them all the time.
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我們常常聽到關於他們的東面
17:54
Four billion live in growing but fragile economies.
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四十億生活在增長但脆弱的經濟環境中
17:59
One in seven live in unplanned settlements.
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七個中便有一個生活在未經籌劃的地區
18:01
If we do nothing about the housing crisis that's about to happen,
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如果我們對即將發生的住房危機什麼都不做
18:04
in 20 years, one in three people will live in an unplanned settlement
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二十年內，三分之一的人將會住在未經籌劃的地區
18:08
or a refugee camp. Look left, look right: one of you will be there.
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或難民營，環顧左右，你們其中一些人將在那裡
18:13
How do we improve the living standards of five billion people?
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我們如何提高五十億人的生活水平呢？
18:17
With 10 million solutions.
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靠著一千萬個解決方案
18:19
So I wish to develop a community that actively embraces
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所以我希望開發一個包含積極創新
18:22
innovative and sustainable design
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和可持續的設計社會
18:24
to improve the living conditions for everyone.
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以改善大家的生活環境
18:28
Chris Anderson: Wait a second. Wait a second. That's your wish?
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等一下。等一下。這是你的願望？
18:29
CS: That's my wish.
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這是我的願望
18:30
CA: That's his wish!
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這是他的願望！
18:31
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
18:45
CS: We started Architecture for Humanity with 700 dollars and a website.
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我們開始Architecture for Humanity (人道主義建築組織) 時只靠著七百美元和一個網站
18:50
So Chris somehow decided to give me 100,000.
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所以克里斯基於某原因決定給我十萬美元
18:54
So why not this many people?
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那麼為什麼不這麼多人？
18:57
Open-source architecture is the way to go.
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開源建築是最可行的
18:59
You have a diverse community of participants --
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因為你擁有一些多樣化參與者--
19:02
and we're not just talking about inventors and designers,
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我們談的不僅僅是發明家和設計師
19:05
but we're talking about the funding model.
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我們談論的是撥款模式
19:07
My role is not as a designer;
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我的角色不是一個設計師
19:09
it's as a conduit between the design world and the humanitarian world.
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而是設計界和人道主義的世界的管道
19:13
And what we need is something that replicates me globally,
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而我們需要的是一個像我這樣的人
19:18
because I haven't slept in seven years.
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因為整整七年沒睡了
19:20
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
19:23
Secondly, what will this thing be?
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再者，這會是什麼呢？
19:25
Designers want to respond to issues of humanitarian crisis,
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設計師們想回應人道主義危機的問題
19:29
but they don't want some company in the West
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但他們不希望西方一些公司
19:32
taking their idea and basically profiting from it.
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抄襲他們的概念而從中受益
19:35
So Creative Commons has developed the developing nations license.
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因此Creative Commons開發了發展中國家的許可證
19:39
And what that means is that a designer can -- the Siyathemba project I showed was the
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而這意味著--那個我剛讓你們看的西亞添巴方案
19:44
first ever building to have a Creative Commons license on it.
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是第一個擁有Creative Commons該認可的方案
19:47
As soon as that is built, anyone in Africa or any developing nation
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當它建完後，任何在非洲或任何發展中國家的人
19:53
can take the construction documents and replicate it for free.
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也可以免費的採取施工文件並複製它
19:57
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
20:02
So why not allow designers the opportunity to do this,
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那麼為什麼不能讓設計師有機會做到這一點
20:05
but still protecting their rights here?
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但仍然保護他們的權利？
20:07
We want to have a community where you can upload ideas,
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因為我們希望有一個讓你們分享構思的平台
20:11
and those ideas can be tested in earthquake, in flood,
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而這些構思可以經歷地震、洪水
20:16
in all sorts of austere environments. The reason that's important is
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以及在各種嚴峻環境的考驗，這是很重要的
20:19
I don't want to wait for the next Katrina to find out if my house works.
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因為我不想等待下一個颶風來看看我家是否行得通
20:25
That's too late. We need to do it now.
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因為這太遲了，我們必須現在就這樣做
20:27
So doing that globally.
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而且是在全球裡做
20:29
And I want this whole thing to work multi-lingually.
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我希望這可以在世界上不同的地方裡也通行
20:34
When you look at the face of an architect, most people think a gray-haired white guy.
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因為當人們想到建築師，大部分人會聯想到一個灰髮斑斑的白人
20:38
I don't see that. I see the face of the world.
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我看到的不是這樣，我看到的是世上不同種族的人們
20:41
So I want everyone from all over the planet,
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所以我希望來自全國各地的人
20:43
to be able to be a part of this design and development.
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能夠成為這設計和開發的一分子
20:47
The idea of needs-based competitions -- X-Prize for the other 98 percent,
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基於需求競爭想的構法 -- 給其他98%的人的X獎項
20:51
if you want to call it that.
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你可以這樣稱呼它
20:54
We also want to look at ways of matchmaking
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我們也想看看不同的合作途徑
20:56
and putting funding partners together.
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以及把資金夥伴拉攏在一起
20:58
And the idea of integrating manufacturers -- fab labs in every country.
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還有整合製造商的想法 -- 在每一個國家設置實驗室
21:02
When I hear about the $100 laptop
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當我聽到100美元筆記電腦
21:04
and it's going to educate every child --
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將會教育每個小孩
21:06
educate every designer in the world. Put one in every favela,
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教育這世界上每一個設計師，在每一個貧民區放一部
21:10
every slum settlement, because you know what,
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在每一個貧民窟放一部
21:13
innovation will happen.
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因為創新將會為此發生
21:15
And I need to know that. It's called the leap-back.
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而我需要知道這些，那所謂的歸真
21:17
We talk about leapfrog technologies. I write with Worldchanging,
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我們談談跨越技術，我替Worldchanging家的
21:21
and the one thing we've been talking about is,
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以及我們一直在談論的是
21:22
I learn more on the ground than I've ever learned here.
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我在各地工作時學到的比在這裡學到更多
21:25
So let's take those ideas, adapt them and we can use them.
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因些讓我們拿這些構思，然後活用它們吧
21:31
These ideas are supposed to have adaptable;
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這些構思都有適應性
21:35
they should have the potential for evolution;
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它們都有發展潛力
21:38
they should be developed by every nation on the world
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它們應在世界上每個國家發展
21:41
and useful for every nation on the world. What will it take?
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並在每一個國家發揮用途，怎樣才能這樣呢？
21:45
There should be a sheet. I don't have time to read this,
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這裡有一張清單，我沒有時間讀出這些
21:48
because I'm going to be yanked off.
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因為我將會被拉下來
21:50
CA: Just leave it up there for a sec.
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讓它放在那裡幾秒鐘
21:53
CS: Well, what will it take? You guys are smart.
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那麼我們要怎樣做？你們真聰明
21:56
So it's going to take a lot of computing power, because I want
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它將要採用很多的計算能力，因為我想 --
22:00
the idea that any laptop anywhere in the world can plug into the system
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我想做的是世界上每一部筆記本電腦都可以連接到系統裡
22:03
and be able to not only participate in developing these designs,
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而且不僅可以參與發現那些設計
22:07
but utilize the designs. Also, a process of reviewing the designs.
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也可以運用它們，而那過程更可作評審
22:12
I want every Arup engineer in the world to check
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我希望每個Arup的工程師去檢查
22:15
and make sure that we're doing stuff that's standing,
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並確保我們正在建造穩固的東西
22:18
because those guys are the best in the world. Plug.
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因為他們是世界上最好的工程師
22:21
And so you know, I want these -- and I just should note,
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所以你知道，我想 -- 我需要提到
22:26
I have two laptops and one of them there, is there
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我有兩部筆記本電腦和其中一部在那兒
22:29
and that has 3000 designs on it. If I drop that laptop, what happens?
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它有三千個設計在內，如果我把它摔壞了，怎樣辨?
22:36
So it's important to have these proven ideas put up there,
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所以把那些已經證明合用的設計上傳那裡是很重要
22:39
easy to use, easy to get a hold of.
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因為這便可以容易使用，以及容易得到掌握
22:41
My mom once said, there's nothing worse than being all mouth and no trousers.
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我媽媽曾經說過，沒有比光說而不實行更差勁了
22:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
22:50
I'm fed up of talking about making change.
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我已經厭倦了談論作出改變
22:53
You only make it by doing it.
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只有實行才能真正的改變
22:56
We've changed FEMA guidelines. We've changed public policy.
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我們已經改變了聯邦緊急措施署的指導方針，我們已經改變了公共政策
22:59
We've changed international response -- based on building things.
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我們已經改變了國際關於建設的反應
23:04
So for me, it's important that we create a real conduit
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對我來說，最重要的是我們建立一個
23:07
for innovation, and that it's free innovation.
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真正的開放創新渠道
23:10
Think of free culture -- this is free innovation.
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想到自由文化 -- 這是開放的創新
23:15
Somebody said this a couple of years back.
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在數年前有人這樣說過
23:19
I will give points for those who know it.
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我會給那些知道的人加分
23:21
I think the man was maybe 25 years too early, so let's do it.
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我想說這話的男子可能早走我們25年，所以我們現在立刻行動吧
23:28
Thank you.
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謝謝
23:31
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cameron Sinclair - Co-founder, Architecture for Humanity2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs.
Why you should listen
After training as an architect, Cameron Sinclair (then age 24) joined Kate Stohr to found Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that helps architects apply their skills to humanitarian efforts. Starting with just $700 and a simple web site in 1999, AFH has grown into an international hub for humanitarian design, offering innovative solutions to housing problems in all corners of the globe.
Whether rebuilding earthquake-ravaged Bam in Iran, designing a soccer field doubling as an HIV/AIDS clinic in Africa, housing refugees on the Afghan border, or helping Katrina victims rebuild, Architecture for Humanity works by Sinclair's mantra: "Design like you give a damn." (Sinclair and Stohr cowrote a book by the same name, released in 2006.)
A regular contributor to the sustainability blog Worldchanging.com, Sinclair is now working on the Open Architecture Network, born from the wish he made when he accepted the 2006 TED Prize: to build a global, open-source network where architects, governments and NGOs can share and implement design plans to house the world.
Cameron Sinclair | Speaker | TED.com