Iyad Rahwan: What moral decisions should driverless cars make?
إياد رهوان: ماهي القرارات الأخلاقية التي يجب على السيارات ذاتية القيادة أن تأخذها؟
Iyad Rahwan's work lies at the intersection of the computer and social sciences, with a focus on collective intelligence, large-scale cooperation and the social aspects of artificial intelligence. Full bio
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about technology and society.
estimated that last year
from traffic crashes in the US alone.
في الولايات المتحدة وحدها.
die every year in traffic accidents.
سنويًا إثر حوادث سير.
90 percent of those accidents,
من هذه الحوادث،
promises to achieve
للوصول إليه
source of accidents --
in a driverless car in the year 2030,
سنة 2030،
this vintage TEDxCambridge video.
وتشاهد هذا الشريط القديم ل TEDxCambridge.
and is unable to stop.
ولا تستطيع التوقف.
of pedestrians crossing the street,
وهم يقطعون الطريق،
and who should decide?
ومن عليه أن يقرر؟
could swerve into a wall,
by the trolley problem,
من مشكلة الترولي،
by philosophers a few decades ago
قبل عقود قليلة
about this problem matters.
في هذا المشكل مهمة.
not think about it at all.
misses the point
the scenario too literally.
is going to look like this;
to calculate something
a certain group of people,
بمجموعة معينة من الناس،
versus another direction,
to passengers or other drivers
على الركاب أو السائقين الآخرين
a more complex calculation,
to involve trade-offs,
"Well, let's not worry about this.
لمَ لا نترك القلق جانيًا.
is fully ready and 100 percent safe."
وآمنة 100 بالمئة."
eliminate 90 percent of those accidents,
من هذه الحوادث،
خلال 10 سنوات المقبلة.
the last one percent of accidents
المتبقية من الحوادث
dead in car accidents
من حوادث السير
للسلامة الكاملة هو اختيار أيضا،
have been coming up with all sorts of ways
باختلاق كل الطرق الممكنة
the car should just swerve somehow
أن تنحرف في اتجاه ما فحسب
that's what the car should do.
فعليها فعل ذلك.
in which this is not possible.
حيث لا يكون هذا ممكنا.
was a suggestion by a blogger
that you press --
حيث يمكنك الضغط عليه --
will have to make trade-offs on the road,
أن تقوم بمقايضات على الطريق،
to find out what society wants,
لنعرف ما الذي يريده المجتمع،
are a reflection of societal values.
with these types of scenarios.
من السيناريوهات.
inspired by two philosophers:
من فيلسوفين:
should follow utilitarian ethics:
أن تتبع الأخلاقيات النفعية:
that will minimize total harm --
التي ستقلل مجموع الضرر --
will kill the passenger.
should follow duty-bound principles,
أن تتبع مبادئ الواجب الملزم،
that explicitly harms a human being,
عنوة شخصا ما،
want cars to be utilitarian,
أن تكون السيارات نفعية،
whether they would purchase such cars,
مثل هذه السيارات،
that protect them at all costs,
to buy cars that minimize harm.
تقلل من الضرر.
back in history.
published a pamphlet
ويليام فورستر لويد كتيبا
for their sheep to graze.
brings a certain number of sheep --
عدد معين من الأغنام --
and no one else will be harmed.
ولن يتضرر أحد من هذا.
that individually rational decision,
هذا القرار الفردي المنطقي،
and it will be depleted
وستُستنزف
to the detriment of the sheep.
to mitigate climate change.
للتعامل مع التغير المناخي.
of driverless cars,
السيارات ذاتية القيادة،
is basically public safety --
السلامة العامة --
to ride in those cars.
أن يتجولوا بهذه السيارات.
rational choice
diminishing the common good,
بالشيء المشترك،
of driverless cars,
ذاتية القيادة،
a little bit more insidious
an individual human being
may simply program cars
أن يبرمجوا سيارات
for their clients,
automatically on their own
أن تتعلم تلقائيا بمفردها
increasing risk for pedestrians.
زيادة الخطر بالنسبة للراجلين.
that have a mind of their own.
له عقله الخاص.
even if the farmer doesn't know it.
the tragedy of the algorithmic commons,
تراجيديا المشاع الخوارزمية،
of social dilemmas using regulation,
عن طريق القوانين،
or communities get together,
what kind of outcome they want
التي يريدونها
on individual behavior
that the public good is preserved.
what people say they want.
sacrifice me in a very rare case,
في حالة نادرة جدا،
الذي يقوم بهذا
enjoys unconditional protection.
whether they would support regulation
سيدعمون القوانين
said no to regulation;
and to minimize total harm,
وتقلل مجموع الضرر،
بالمزيد من الضرر
opt into the safer technology
الأكثر أمنا
than human drivers.
من الأشخاص السائقين.
answer to this riddle,
we are comfortable with
in which we can enforce those trade-offs.
my brilliant students,
of random dilemmas in a sequence
the car should do in a given scenario.
أن تقوم به السيارة في سيناريو معين.
the species of the different victims.
وأنواع الضحايا المختلفة.
over five million decisions
form an early picture
people are comfortable with
is helping people recognize
are tasked with impossible choices.
ذات اختيارات مستحيلة.
understand the kinds of trade-offs
أنواع المقايضات
ultimately in regulation.
the Department of Transport --
for all carmakers to provide,
على كل مصنعي السيارات توفيرها،
reflect on their own decisions
of what they chose.
that this is not your typical example,
أن هذا ليس مثالا اعتدتم عليه،
saved character for this person.
وهذه هي التي يتم التضحية بها
prefer passengers over pedestrians
قليلا الركاب على الراجلين
كل من لا يحترم إشارة المرور .
let's call it the ethical dilemma --
لنسمه المعضلة الأخلاقية --
in a specific scenario:
في حالة معينة:
that the problem was a different one.
society to agree on and enforce
يوافق ويفرض
wrote his famous laws of robotics --
قوانينه الشهيرة عن الروبوتات --
itself to come to harm --
pushing these laws to the limit,
هذه القوانين لتظهر ضعفها،
may not harm humanity as a whole.
in the context of driverless cars
في سياق السيارات ذاتية القيادة
is not only a technological problem
ليس مشكلا تكنولوجيا فقط
to ask the right questions.
في طرح الأسئلة المناسبة
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Iyad Rahwan - Computational social scientistIyad Rahwan's work lies at the intersection of the computer and social sciences, with a focus on collective intelligence, large-scale cooperation and the social aspects of artificial intelligence.
Why you should listen
Iyad Rahwan is the AT&T Career Development Professor and an associate professor of media arts & sciences at the MIT Media Lab, where he leads the Scalable Cooperation group. A native of Aleppo, Syria, Rahwan holds a PhD. from the University of Melbourne, Australia and is an affiliate faculty at the MIT Institute of Data, Systems and Society (IDSS). He led the winning team in the US State Department's Tag Challenge, using social media to locate individuals in remote cities within 12 hours using only their mug shots. Recently he crowdsourced 30 million decisions from people worldwide about the ethics of AI systems. Rahwan's work appeared in major academic journals, including Science and PNAS, and features regularly in major media outlets, including the New York Times, The Economist and the Wall Street Journal.
(Photo: Victoriano Izquierdo)
Iyad Rahwan | Speaker | TED.com