TED2019
Rick Doblin: The future of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy
Rick Doblin: Fremtiden for psykedelisk psykoterapi.
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Kan psykedeliske stoffer hjælpe os med at helbrede traumer og psykisk sygdom? Forskeren Rick Doblin har de sidste tre årtier undersøgt netop dette spørgsmål, og resultatet er lovende. I dette fascinerende dyk ned i videnskaben forklarer han hvordan stoffer som LSD, psilocybin og MDMA påvirker din hjerne -- og viser hvordan de anvendt med psykoterapi kan ændre måden vi behandler PTSD, depression, stofmisbrug med mere.
Rick Doblin - Psychedelics researcher
As the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Rick Doblin crusades for the safe and legal use of psychedelics in therapy. Full bio
As the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Rick Doblin crusades for the safe and legal use of psychedelics in therapy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Preparing for this talk
has been scarier for me
has been scarier for me
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Det har været mere skræmmende
at forberede denne tale
at forberede denne tale
00:16
than preparing for LSD therapy.
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end at forberede LSD terapi.
00:19
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
00:21
"Psychedelics are to the study of the mind
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"Psykedelika er for studiet af sindet
00:24
what the microscope is to biology
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hvad mikroskopet er for biologien
og teleskopet for astronomien."
00:27
and the telescope is to astronomy."
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00:30
Dr. Stanislav Grof spoke those words.
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Dr. Stanislav Grof sagde dette.
Han er en af verdens førende
forskere i psykedelika,
forskere i psykedelika,
00:33
He's one of the leading
psychedelic researchers in the world,
psychedelic researchers in the world,
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og har også været min mentor.
00:36
and he's also been my mentor.
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I dag vil jeg gerne dele med jer
hvordan psykedelika, anvendt med omtanke,
hvordan psykedelika, anvendt med omtanke,
00:38
Today, I'd like to share with you
how psychedelics, when used wisely,
how psychedelics, when used wisely,
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00:43
have the potential to help heal us,
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potentielt kan hjælpe med at helbrede os,
00:46
help inspire us,
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inspirere os,
00:48
and perhaps even to help save us.
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og måske endda redde os.
00:51
In the 1950s and 60s,
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I 1950'erne og 60'erne
trivedes den psykedeliske
forskning i hele verden
forskning i hele verden
00:53
psychedelic research flourished
all over the world
all over the world
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00:56
and showed great promise
for the fields of psychiatry,
for the fields of psychiatry,
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og viste stort potentiale
indenfor psykiatri,
indenfor psykiatri,
psykologi og psykoterapi,
00:59
psychology and psychotherapy,
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01:01
neuroscience and the study
of mystical experiences.
of mystical experiences.
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neurovidenskab og studiet
af mystiske oplevelser.
af mystiske oplevelser.
01:05
But psychedelics leaked out
of the research settings
of the research settings
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Men de psykedeliske stoffer
undslap forskningens rammer
undslap forskningens rammer
01:08
and began to be used
by the counterculture,
by the counterculture,
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og blev snart brugt
af modkulturen,
af modkulturen,
01:11
and by the anti-Vietnam War movement.
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og af protestbevægelsen mod
Vietnamkrigen.
Vietnamkrigen.
01:14
And there was unwise use.
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Og der var usmart brug,
og det medførte et tilbageslag.
og det medførte et tilbageslag.
01:16
And so there was a backlash.
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01:18
And in 1970, the US government
criminalized all uses of psychedelics,
criminalized all uses of psychedelics,
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I 1970 kriminaliserede USA's regering
al brug af psykedeliske stoffer
al brug af psykedeliske stoffer
01:23
and they began shutting down
all psychedelic research.
all psychedelic research.
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og begyndte at lukke
al psykedelisk forskning ned.
al psykedelisk forskning ned.
Forbuddet spredte sig over hele verden
og varede i årtier.
og varede i årtier.
01:27
And this ban spread all over the world
and lasted for decades.
and lasted for decades.
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01:30
and it was tragic,
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Og dette var en tragedie,
for psykedelika er blot værktøj,
for psykedelika er blot værktøj,
01:32
since psychedelics are really just tools,
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01:34
and whether their outcomes
are beneficial or harmful
are beneficial or harmful
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og hvorvidt resultatet
er gavnligt eller skadeligt
er gavnligt eller skadeligt
01:37
depends on how they're used.
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afhænger af anvendelsen.
Psykedelisk betyder
"bevidsthedsåbenbarende",
"bevidsthedsåbenbarende",
01:40
Psychedelic means "mind-manifesting,"
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og det refererer til stoffer
som LSD, psilocybin, meskalin,
som LSD, psilocybin, meskalin,
01:46
and it relates to drugs
like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,
like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,
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01:54
iboga and other drugs.
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iboga og andre stoffer.
01:57
When I was 18 years old,
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Da jeg var 18 år gammel
01:59
I was a college freshman,
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var jeg førsteårsstuderende i college
02:02
I was experimenting
with LSD and mescaline,
with LSD and mescaline,
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og eksperimenterede
med LSD og meskalin,
med LSD og meskalin,
02:05
and these experiences
brought me in touch with my emotions.
brought me in touch with my emotions.
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og disse eksperimenter bragte mig
i kontakt med mine følelser.
i kontakt med mine følelser.
02:09
And they helped me have
a spiritual connection
a spiritual connection
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Og de gav mig en
en spirituel forbindelse
en spirituel forbindelse
02:12
that unfortunately,
my bar mitzvah did not produce.
my bar mitzvah did not produce.
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som min bar mitzva
desværre ikke producerede.
desværre ikke producerede.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
02:18
When I wanted to tease my parents,
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Når jeg ville drille mine forældre
02:20
I would tell them
that they drove me to psychedelics
that they drove me to psychedelics
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sagde jeg, at de drev
mig til psykedelika
mig til psykedelika
02:23
because my bar mitzvah had failed
to turn me into a man.
to turn me into a man.
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fordi min bar mitzva ikke havde
formået at gøre mig til en mand.
formået at gøre mig til en mand.
02:27
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
Men vigtigst af alt
02:29
But most importantly,
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gav psykedelika mig en følelse
af vores fælles menneskelighed,
af vores fælles menneskelighed,
02:31
psychedelics gave me this feeling
of our shared humanity,
of our shared humanity,
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02:34
of our unity with all life.
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af vores enhed med alt liv.
02:37
And other people reported
that same thing as well.
that same thing as well.
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Og andre mennesker
berettede det samme.
berettede det samme.
02:39
And I felt that these experiences
had the potential
had the potential
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Og jeg følte at disse oplevelser
havde potentialet
havde potentialet
til at hjælpe som modgift
02:43
to help be an antidote
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02:46
to tribalism, to fundamentalism,
to genocide and environmental destruction.
to genocide and environmental destruction.
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mod stammetænkning, fundamentalisme,
folkemord og miljø-ødelæggelse.
folkemord og miljø-ødelæggelse.
02:51
And so I decided to focus my life
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Så jeg besluttede at fokusere mit liv
02:54
on changing the laws
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på at ændre lovgivningen
02:56
and becoming a legal
psychedelic psychotherapist.
psychedelic psychotherapist.
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og at blive certificeret
psykedelisk psykoterapeut.
psykedelisk psykoterapeut.
03:00
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
03:04
Now, half a century after the ban,
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I dag, et halvt århundrede
efter forbuddet,
efter forbuddet,
er vi midt i en global renæssance
af psykedelisk forskning.
af psykedelisk forskning.
03:06
we're in the midst of a global renaissance
of psychedelic research.
of psychedelic research.
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03:10
Psychedelic psychotherapy
is showing great promise
is showing great promise
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Psykedelisk psykoterapi
viser stort potentiale
viser stort potentiale
for behandlingen af posttraumatisk
stresstilstand, eller PTSD,
stresstilstand, eller PTSD,
03:13
for the treatment of post-traumatic
stress disorder, or PTSD,
stress disorder, or PTSD,
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depression, social angst,
stofmisbrug, alkoholisme
stofmisbrug, alkoholisme
03:18
depression, social anxiety,
substance abuse and alcoholism
substance abuse and alcoholism
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og selvmord.
03:24
and suicide.
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03:25
Psychedelic psychotherapy is an attempt
to go after the root causes
to go after the root causes
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Psykedelisk psykoterapi er et forsøg
på at gå direkte til problemets rod
på at gå direkte til problemets rod
03:29
of the problems,
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med relativt få doseringer,
03:30
with just relatively few administrations,
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03:33
as contrasted to most
of the psychiatric drugs used today
of the psychiatric drugs used today
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i modsætning til størstedelen af det
psykiatriske medicin der anvendes i dag
psykiatriske medicin der anvendes i dag
der for det meste blot reducerer symptomer
03:37
that are mostly just reducing symptoms
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03:40
and are meant to be taken
on a daily basis.
on a daily basis.
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og er beregnet til dagligt indtag.
03:45
Psychedelics are now also being used
as tools for neuroscience
as tools for neuroscience
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Psykedeliske stoffer bliver nu også
anvendt af neurovidenskaben
anvendt af neurovidenskaben
03:49
to study brain function
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til at studere hjernefunktion
03:50
and to study the enduring mystery
of human consciousness.
of human consciousness.
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og til at studere det stadige mysterium
der er menneskelig bevidsthed.
der er menneskelig bevidsthed.
Og psykedelika og de mystiske
oplevelser de producerer
oplevelser de producerer
03:55
And psychedelics and the mystical
experiences they produce
experiences they produce
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03:58
are being explored for their connections
between meditation and mindfulness,
between meditation and mindfulness,
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undersøges for deres relation
til meditation og mindfulness,
til meditation og mindfulness,
blandt andet i en artikel
udgivet for nyligt
udgivet for nyligt
04:02
including a paper just recently published
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04:04
about lifelong zen meditators
taking psilocybin
taking psilocybin
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hvor personer med mange års erfaring
i zen meditation tager psilocybin
i zen meditation tager psilocybin
04:08
in the midst of a meditation retreat
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under et meditations retræte
og opnår langtidsholdbare gavnlige
effekter og forandringer i hjernen.
effekter og forandringer i hjernen.
04:10
and showing long-term benefits
and brain changes.
and brain changes.
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04:15
Now, how do these drugs work?
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Så hvordan virker disse stoffer?
04:17
Modern neuroscience research
has demonstrated
has demonstrated
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Moderne neurovidenskab har påvist
04:19
that psychedelics reduce activity
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at psykedelika reducerer aktiviteten
04:22
in what's known as the brain's
default mode network.
default mode network.
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i hjernens såkaldte
"default mode network".
"default mode network".
04:24
This is where we create our sense of self.
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Det er her vi skaber
oplevelsen af individualitet.
oplevelsen af individualitet.
04:28
It's our equivalent to the ego,
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Det svarer til egoet,
04:30
and it filters all incoming information
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og det filtrerer alt
indkommende information
indkommende information
04:32
according to our personal
needs and priorities.
needs and priorities.
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ud fra vores personlige
behov og prioriteter.
behov og prioriteter.
04:36
When activity is reduced
in the default mode network,
in the default mode network,
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Når aktiviteten reduceres
i "default mode network"
i "default mode network"
04:39
our ego shifts from the foreground
to the background,
to the background,
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træder vores ego i baggrunden
04:44
and we see that it's just part
of a larger field of awareness.
of a larger field of awareness.
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og vi ser, at det blot er en del
af et større bevidsthedsfelt.
af et større bevidsthedsfelt.
Det minder om det skift i verdensbillede
04:49
It's similar to the shift
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04:51
that Copernicus and Galileo were
able to produce in humanity
able to produce in humanity
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som Kopernikus
og Galileo satte i gang
og Galileo satte i gang
ved at bruge teleskopet til at vise,
04:54
using the telescope
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04:55
to show that the earth was no
longer the center of the universe,
longer the center of the universe,
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at jorden ikke
er universets centrum,
er universets centrum,
men i virkeligheden kredser om solen,
05:00
but was actually something
that revolved around the sun,
that revolved around the sun,
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noget større end sig selv.
05:03
something bigger than itself.
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05:06
For some people, this shift in awareness
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For nogle mennesker er dette
skift i bevidsthed den allervigtigste
skift i bevidsthed den allervigtigste
05:09
is the most important
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eller blandt de allervigtigste
oplevelser i deres liv.
oplevelser i deres liv.
05:11
and among the most important
experiences of their lives.
experiences of their lives.
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05:14
They feel more connected
to the world bigger than themselves.
to the world bigger than themselves.
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De føler sig mere forbundet
til verdenen større end dem selv.
til verdenen større end dem selv.
05:18
They feel more altruistic,
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De føler sig mere altruistiske,
05:20
and they lose some of their fear of death.
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og de mister noget
af deres frygt for døden.
af deres frygt for døden.
05:24
Not all drugs work this way.
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Ikke alle stoffer har denne effekt.
05:26
MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, or Molly,
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MDMA, også kendt som Ecstasy eller Molly
virker fundamentalt anderledes.
05:30
works fundamentally different.
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Og jeg kan dele Marcelas historie med jer:
05:31
And I'll be able to share with you
the story of Marcela,
the story of Marcela,
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05:34
who suffered from
post-traumatic stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
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Hun led af
posttraumatisk stress
posttraumatisk stress
efter et voldsomt seksuelt overfald.
05:37
from a violent sexual assault.
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05:40
Marcela and I were introduced in 1984,
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Marcella og jeg mødte hinanden i 1984
mens MDMA stadig var lovligt
05:44
when MDMA was still legal,
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05:46
but it was beginning also
to leak out of therapeutic circles.
to leak out of therapeutic circles.
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men det var også begyndt at slippe ud
af de terapeutiske kredse.
af de terapeutiske kredse.
Marcela havde allerede
prøvet MDMA rekreativt
prøvet MDMA rekreativt
05:50
Marcela had tried MDMA
in a recreational setting,
in a recreational setting,
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og oplevede der at blive
overvældet af sine traumer
overvældet af sine traumer
05:54
and during that, her past trauma
flooded her awareness
flooded her awareness
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05:58
and it intensified her suicidal feelings.
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hvilket forstærkede
hendes selvmordsfølelser.
hendes selvmordsfølelser.
06:03
During our first conversation,
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Under vores første samtale
fortalte jeg, at når MDMA
anvendes terapeutisk
anvendes terapeutisk
06:04
I shared that when MDMA
is taken therapeutically,
is taken therapeutically,
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kan det reducere frygten
for svære følelser,
for svære følelser,
06:08
it can reduce the fear
of difficult emotions,
of difficult emotions,
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06:12
and she could help move forward
past her trauma.
past her trauma.
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og hjælpe hende med
at overkomme hendes traumer.
at overkomme hendes traumer.
Jeg bad hende love,
at hun ikke ville begå selvmord
at hun ikke ville begå selvmord
06:15
I asked her to promise
not to commit suicide
not to commit suicide
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mens vi samarbejdede.
06:19
if we were to work together.
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06:21
She agreed and made that promise.
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Hun accepterede og gav løftet.
I løbet af hendes terapisessioner
06:25
During her therapeutic sessions,
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06:27
Marcela was able to process
her trauma more fluidly, more easily.
her trauma more fluidly, more easily.
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var Marcela lettere og mere flydende
i stand til at bearbejde sine traumer.
i stand til at bearbejde sine traumer.
06:33
And yet, she was able to tell
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Men alligevel var hun
i stand til at fortælle
i stand til at fortælle
at voldtægtsmanden havde sagt,
at hvis hun nogensinde fortalte noget
at hvis hun nogensinde fortalte noget
06:36
that the rapist had told her
that if she ever shared her story,
that if she ever shared her story,
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06:40
he would kill her.
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ville han slå hende ihjel.
06:41
And she realized that that was
keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.
keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.
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Og hun indså, at dette holdt
hende mentalt fanget.
hende mentalt fanget.
Så det, at hun kunne dele historien
06:46
So being able to share the story
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06:48
and experience the feelings
and the thoughts in her mind
and the thoughts in her mind
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og opleve følelserne
og tankerne i hendes sind
og tankerne i hendes sind
satte hende fri,
06:53
freed her,
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og hun kunne nu beslutte,
06:54
and she was able to decide
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06:55
that she wanted
to move forward with her life.
to move forward with her life.
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at hun var klar til
at lægge det bag sig.
at lægge det bag sig.
06:58
And in that moment,
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Og i det øjeblik
indså jeg at MDMA kunne være
meget effektivt til at behandle PTSD.
meget effektivt til at behandle PTSD.
06:59
I realized that MDMA could be very
effective for treating PTSD.
effective for treating PTSD.
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07:04
Now, 35 years later,
after Marcela's treatment,
after Marcela's treatment,
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I dag, 35 år efter Marcelas behandling,
er hun faktisk selv terapeut,
07:08
she's actually a therapist,
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og uddanner andre terapeuter i
at hjælpe folk med PTSD ved brug af MDMA.
at hjælpe folk med PTSD ved brug af MDMA.
07:11
training other therapists to help people
overcome PTSD with MDMA.
overcome PTSD with MDMA.
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07:17
Now, how does MDMA work?
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Så, hvordan virker MDMA?
07:20
How did MDMA help Marcela?
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Hvordan hjalp MDMA Marcela?
07:22
People who have PTSD
have brains that are different
have brains that are different
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Mennesker med PTSD
har anderledes hjerner
har anderledes hjerner
07:25
from those of us who don't have PTSD.
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end os der ikke har PTSD.
07:28
They have a hyperactive amygdala,
where we process fear.
where we process fear.
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De har en hyperaktiv amygdala,
det sted vi håndterer frygt.
det sted vi håndterer frygt.
07:31
They have reduced activity
in the prefrontal cortex,
in the prefrontal cortex,
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De har reduceret aktivitet
i den præfrontale cortex
i den præfrontale cortex
07:35
where we think logically.
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hvor vi tænker logisk.
07:37
And they have reduced activity
in the hippocampus,
in the hippocampus,
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Og de har reduceret aktivitet
i hippocampus,
i hippocampus,
hvor vi flytter minder
ind i vores langtidsopbevaring.
ind i vores langtidsopbevaring.
07:39
where we store memories
into long-term storage.
into long-term storage.
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07:43
MDMA changes the brain
in the opposite way.
in the opposite way.
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MDMA ændrer hjernen lige modsat.
07:47
MDMA reduces activity in the amygdala,
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MDMA reducerer aktiviteten i amygdala,
07:50
increases activity
in the prefrontal cortex
in the prefrontal cortex
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øger aktiviteten
i den præfrontale cortex,
i den præfrontale cortex,
07:53
and increases connectivity
between the amygdala and the hippocampus
between the amygdala and the hippocampus
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og øger forbindelsen
mellem amygdala og hippocampus
mellem amygdala og hippocampus
07:57
to remit traumatic memories
to move into long-term storage.
to move into long-term storage.
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for at tillade traumatiske minder
at komme i langtidsopbevaring.
at komme i langtidsopbevaring.
08:01
Recently, researchers at Johns Hopkins
published a paper in "Nature,"
published a paper in "Nature,"
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For nylig udgav forskere ved
Johns Hopkins en artikel i "Nature"
Johns Hopkins en artikel i "Nature"
08:06
in which they demonstrated
that MDMA releases oxytocin,
that MDMA releases oxytocin,
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hvor de påviste,
at MDMA frigiver oxytocin,
at MDMA frigiver oxytocin,
08:09
the hormone of love and nurturing.
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kærligheds og omsorgshormonet.
08:12
The same researchers
also did studies in octopuses,
also did studies in octopuses,
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De samme forskere
har også studeret blæksprutter,
har også studeret blæksprutter,
08:15
who are normally asocial,
unless it's mating season.
unless it's mating season.
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der normalt er asociale
uden for parringstiden.
uden for parringstiden.
Men tænk engang, når man giver dem MDMA
08:20
But lo and behold, you give them MDMA,
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08:22
and they become prosocial.
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bliver de prosociale.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
08:27
Several months after
Marcela and I worked together,
Marcela and I worked together,
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Adskillige måneder efter
mit samarbejde med Marcela
mit samarbejde med Marcela
08:30
the Drug Enforcement Administration
moved to criminalize Ecstasy,
moved to criminalize Ecstasy,
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vedtog USA's
'Drug Enforcement Administration'
'Drug Enforcement Administration'
at kriminalisere Ecstasy, uden kendskab
til dets terapeutiske anvendelse.
til dets terapeutiske anvendelse.
08:34
having no knowledge
of its therapeutic use.
of its therapeutic use.
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08:37
So I went to Washington,
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Så jeg tog til Washington,
08:39
and I went into the headquarters
of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
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og henvendte mig til DEA's hovedkvarter,
og lagde sag an og forlangte en høring,
08:42
and I filed a lawsuit demanding a hearing,
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hvor psykiatere
og psykoterapeuter
og psykoterapeuter
08:45
at which psychiatrists
and psychotherapists
and psychotherapists
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08:48
would be able to present information
about therapeutic use of MDMA
about therapeutic use of MDMA
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kunne fremlægge information
om den terapeutiske anvendelse af MDMA
om den terapeutiske anvendelse af MDMA
i et forsøg på at undgå forbuddet.
08:51
to try to keep it legal.
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Og midt i høringen flippede DEA ud,
08:54
And in the middle of the hearing,
the DEA freaked out,
the DEA freaked out,
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erklærede en nødssituation,
08:56
declared an emergency
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og kriminaliserede al brug af MDMA.
08:59
and criminalized all uses of MDMA.
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Den eneste måde jeg kunne se
man kunne bringe det tilbage
man kunne bringe det tilbage
09:02
And so the only way
that I could see to bring it back
that I could see to bring it back
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09:05
was through science, through medicine
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var gennem videnskab, lægevidenskaben
og FDA's proces
for udvikling af nye lægemidler.
for udvikling af nye lægemidler.
09:07
and through the FDA
drug development process.
drug development process.
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09:10
So in 1986, I started MAPS
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Så i 1986 grundlagde jeg MAPS
som et nonprofit psykedelisk
farmaceutisk firma.
farmaceutisk firma.
09:13
as a nonprofit psychedelic
pharmaceutical company.
pharmaceutical company.
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09:17
It took us 30 years, till 2016,
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Det tog os 30 år, indtil 2016,
at indsamle de data vi havde brug
for at fremlægge for FDA
for at fremlægge for FDA
09:20
to develop the data that we needed
to present to FDA
to present to FDA
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09:24
to request permission to move
into the large-scale Phase 3 studies
into the large-scale Phase 3 studies
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for at anmode om tilladelse
til undersøgelsesfase 3
til undersøgelsesfase 3
09:28
that are required to prove
safety and efficacy
safety and efficacy
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som er påkrævet for at bevise
sikkerhed og virkekraft
sikkerhed og virkekraft
09:31
before you get approval
for prescription use.
for prescription use.
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før man får tilladelse
til anvendelse efter recept.
til anvendelse efter recept.
09:34
Tony was a veteran
in one of our pilot studies.
in one of our pilot studies.
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Tony var en krigsveteran
i et af vores pilotprojekter
i et af vores pilotprojekter
09:38
According to the Veterans Administration,
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Ifølge "Veterans Administration“
er over en million krigsveteraner
handicappet af PTSD
handicappet af PTSD
09:41
there's over a million veterans now
disabled with PTSD.
disabled with PTSD.
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Og mindst 20 krigsveteraner
begår selvmord hver dag,
begår selvmord hver dag,
09:44
And at least 20 veterans a day
are committing suicide,
are committing suicide,
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09:48
many of them from PTSD.
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mange som følge af PTSD.
09:51
The treatment that Tony was to receive
was three and a half months long.
was three and a half months long.
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Den behandling Tony skulle igennem
var 3½ måned lang.
var 3½ måned lang.
Men i denne periode
09:56
But during that period of time,
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skulle han kun indtage MDMA tre gange,
09:57
he would only get MDMA on three occasions,
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adskilt af 12 stoffrie terapisessioner
på 90 minutter,
på 90 minutter,
10:00
separated by 12, 90-minute
non-drug psychotherapy sessions,
non-drug psychotherapy sessions,
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10:04
three before the first
MDMA session for preparation
MDMA session for preparation
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Tre før den første
MDMA session som forberedelse
MDMA session som forberedelse
og tre efter hver
MDMA session for at integrere oplevelsen.
MDMA session for at integrere oplevelsen.
10:07
and three after each
MDMA session for integration.
MDMA session for integration.
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10:11
We call our treatment approach
"inner-directed therapy,"
"inner-directed therapy,"
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Vi kalder vores behandlingstilgang
"indefra-dirigeret terapi"
"indefra-dirigeret terapi"
og støtter patienten
i at opleve hvad end der dukker op
i at opleve hvad end der dukker op
10:15
in that we support the patient
to experience whatever's emerging
to experience whatever's emerging
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i deres sind og krop.
10:19
within their minds or their bodies.
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Selv med MDMA er dette hårdt arbejde.
10:23
Even with MDMA, this is hard work.
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10:26
And a lot of our subjects have said,
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Mange af vores testpersoner har sagt,
"Jeg ved ikke
hvorfor de kalder det ekstase."
hvorfor de kalder det ekstase."
10:28
"I don't know why they call this Ecstasy."
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10:30
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
10:32
During Tony's first MDMA session,
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Under Tonys første MDMA session
10:34
he lay on the couch, he had eyeshades on,
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lå han på sofaen med øjenmaske på,
10:37
he listened to music,
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han lyttede til musik,
10:39
and he would speak to the therapists,
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og snakkede med terapeuterne,
10:41
who were a male-female co-therapy team,
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som var én mand og én kvinde,
10:43
whenever he felt that he needed to.
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når han følte behov for det.
Efter adskillige timer,
10:46
After several hours,
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10:47
in a moment of calmness and clarity,
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i et øjebliks stilhed og klarhed,
delte Tony, at han havde indset
10:50
Tony shared that he had realized
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10:54
his PTSD was a way
of connecting him to his friends.
of connecting him to his friends.
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at hans PTSD var en form
for forbindelse til hans venner.
for forbindelse til hans venner.
10:59
It was a way of honoring the memory
of his friends who had died.
of his friends who had died.
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Det var en måde at ære mindet
om hans venner der var omkommet.
om hans venner der var omkommet.
Men han var i stand til at se sig selv
gennem sine afdøde venners øjne.
gennem sine afdøde venners øjne.
11:04
But he was able to shift and see himself
through the eyes of his dead friends.
through the eyes of his dead friends.
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Og det gik op for ham,
at de ikke ønskede han skulle lide,
at de ikke ønskede han skulle lide,
11:08
And he realized that they
would not want him to suffer,
would not want him to suffer,
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eller spilde hans liv.
11:11
to squander his life.
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11:12
They would want him to live more fully,
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De ville ønske at han levede fuldt ud,
11:14
which they were unable to do.
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sådan som de ikke kunne.
11:16
And so he realized that there was
a new way to honor their memory,
a new way to honor their memory,
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Så det gik op for ham at der var
en ny måde at ære deres minde,
en ny måde at ære deres minde,
11:20
which was to live as fully as possible.
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nemlig at leve fuldt og helt.
11:23
He also realized that
he was telling himself a story
he was telling himself a story
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Han indså også,
at han fortalte sig selv
at han fortalte sig selv
at han tog opiater pga. smerte
11:26
that he was taking opiates for pain.
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Men han indså at han faktisk
tog dem for at flygte.
tog dem for at flygte.
11:29
But actually, he realized,
he was taking them for escape.
he was taking them for escape.
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Så han beslutttede at han ikke
havde brug for opiater mere,
havde brug for opiater mere,
11:32
So he decided he didn't need
the opiates anymore,
the opiates anymore,
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han havde ikke brug for mere MDMA,
11:35
he didn't need the MDMA anymore,
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11:37
and he was dropping out of the study.
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og han stoppede som testperson.
Det er nu syv år siden.
11:39
That was seven years ago.
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Tony er stadig fri for PTSD,
11:41
Tony is still free of PTSD,
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vendte aldrig tilbage til opiater
11:43
has never returned to opiates
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og hjælper i dag mindre velstillede
end ham selv i Cambodia.
end ham selv i Cambodia.
11:46
and is helping others less fortunate
than himself in Cambodia.
than himself in Cambodia.
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11:50
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
De data vi fremlagde for FDA
11:55
The data that we presented to FDA
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fra 107 mennesker i vores
pilotprojekt, inklusiv Tony,
pilotprojekt, inklusiv Tony,
11:58
from 107 people in our pilot
studies, including Tony,
studies, including Tony,
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12:01
showed that 23 percent of the people
that received therapy without active MDMA
that received therapy without active MDMA
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viste at 23 procent af dem
der modtog terapi men ikke MDMA
der modtog terapi men ikke MDMA
ikke længere havde PTSD
ved behandlingens afslutning.
ved behandlingens afslutning.
12:07
no longer had PTSD
at the end of treatment.
at the end of treatment.
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12:10
This is really pretty good
for this patient population.
for this patient population.
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Det er et ret godt resultat
i denne patientgruppe.
i denne patientgruppe.
12:13
However, when you add MDMA,
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Men, når man tilføjer MDMA,
12:15
the results more than double,
to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.
to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.
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mere end fordobles resultatet,
og 56 procent har ikke længere PTSD.
og 56 procent har ikke længere PTSD.
12:21
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
Men vigtigst af alt,
12:24
But most importantly,
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så snart folk ved at de ikke
behøver at undertrykke deres traumer
behøver at undertrykke deres traumer
12:25
once people learn that if they don't need
to suppress their trauma,
to suppress their trauma,
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12:29
but they can process it,
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1635
men at de kan bearbejde dem,
12:30
they keep getting better on their own.
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får de det bedre og bedre på egen hånd.
12:32
So at the 12-month follow-up
one year after the last treatment session,
one year after the last treatment session,
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Så ved opfølgningen ét år efter
den sidste behandling
den sidste behandling
12:36
two-thirds no longer have PTSD.
238
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3065
har to tredjedele ikke længere PTSD.
12:39
And of the one-third that do,
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Og af den tredjedel der har,
12:41
many have clinically significant
reductions in symptoms.
reductions in symptoms.
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er der mange med klinisk signifikant
reduktion af symptomer.
reduktion af symptomer.
12:45
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
På baggrund af disse data
12:49
On the basis of this data,
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har FDA erklæret MDMA-assisteret
psykoterapi målrettet PTSD
psykoterapi målrettet PTSD
12:51
the FDA has declared MDMA-assisted
psychotherapy for PTSD
psychotherapy for PTSD
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et terapeutisk gennembrud.
12:55
a breakthrough therapy.
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12:57
FDA has also declared psilocybin
a breakthrough therapy
a breakthrough therapy
245
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FDA har også erklæret psilocybin
et terapeutisk gennembrud.
et terapeutisk gennembrud.
for behandlingsresistent depression
13:01
for treatment-resistant depression
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1982
13:03
and just recently approved
esketamine for depression.
esketamine for depression.
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og godkendte for nylig
eskatemin for depression.
eskatemin for depression.
Jeg kan med stolthed sige, at vi nu
har indledt undersøgelsesfase 3.
har indledt undersøgelsesfase 3.
13:08
I'm proud to say that we have now
initiated our Phase 3 studies.
initiated our Phase 3 studies.
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Og hvis resultaterne er som vi håber,
13:14
And if the results are as we hope,
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og hvis de ligner dem fra Fase 2,
13:17
and if they're similar
to the Phase 2 studies,
to the Phase 2 studies,
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vil FDA godkende MDMA-assisteret
psykoterapi for PTSD ved udgangen af 2021.
psykoterapi for PTSD ved udgangen af 2021.
13:19
by the end of 2021, FDA will approve
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
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13:25
If approved,
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Hvis det godkendes,
13:27
the only therapists who will be able
to directly administer it to patients
to directly administer it to patients
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4037
vil de eneste teraputer der kan
adminstrere til patienter
adminstrere til patienter
13:31
are going to be therapists that
have been through our training program,
have been through our training program,
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være teraputer der har
gennemført vores træningsprogram,
gennemført vores træningsprogram,
og de vil kun administrere MDMA
13:34
and they will only be able
to administer MDMA
to administer MDMA
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13:36
under direct supervision
in clinic settings.
in clinic settings.
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under direkte supervision
i kliniske omgivelser.
i kliniske omgivelser.
Vi forventer at der over de næste årtier,
13:41
We anticipate that over
the next several decades,
the next several decades,
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vil blive etableret tusinder
af psykedeliske klinikker,
af psykedeliske klinikker,
13:45
there will be thousands
of psychedelic clinics established,
of psychedelic clinics established,
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13:48
at which, therapists will be able
to administer MDMA,
to administer MDMA,
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hvor terapeuter kan administrere MDMA,
psilocybin, ketamin
og andre psykedelika,
og andre psykedelika,
13:52
psilocybin, ketamine
and other psychedelics
and other psychedelics
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13:55
to potentially millions of patients.
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til potentielt millioner af patienter.
Disse klinikker kan også udvikle sig
til centre hvor folk kan komme
til centre hvor folk kan komme
13:58
These clinics can also evolve
into centers where people can come
into centers where people can come
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for psykedelisk psykoterapi,
for personlig udvikling,
for personlig udvikling,
14:03
for psychedelic psychotherapy
for personal growth,
for personal growth,
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14:06
for couples therapy
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for parterapi,
eller for spirituelle,
mystiske oplevelser.
mystiske oplevelser.
14:08
or for spiritual, mystical experiences.
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14:12
Humanity now is in a race
between catastrophe and consciousness.
between catastrophe and consciousness.
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Menneskeheden er nu i et kapløb
mellem katastrofe og bevidsthed.
mellem katastrofe og bevidsthed.
14:20
The psychedelic renaissance is here
to help consciousness triumph.
to help consciousness triumph.
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Den psykedeliske renæssance er her
for at støtte bevidstheden til sejr.
for at støtte bevidstheden til sejr.
14:26
And now, if you all just
look under your seats ...
look under your seats ...
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Og nu, hvis I alle
tager et kig under jeres sæder...
tager et kig under jeres sæder...
Jeg laver sjov!
14:30
Just joking!
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14:31
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
Tak skal I have.
14:32
Thank you.
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(Applaus)
14:33
(Applause)
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(Latter)
14:35
(Laughter)
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14:36
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
14:41
Thank you.
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Tak.
14:42
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
Corey Hajim: Du bliver nødt
til at blive her i et minut.
til at blive her i et minut.
14:48
Corey Hajim: You've got to stay
up here for a minute.
up here for a minute.
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14:50
Thank you so much, Rick.
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Tusind tak, Rick.
Du lader til at have
publikums opbakning.
publikums opbakning.
14:52
I guess it's a supportive audience.
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14:54
Rick Doblin: Yes, very.
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1307
Rick Doblin: Det må man sige.
Mange af dem har også
været til Burning Man.
været til Burning Man.
14:57
Many of them have also
been to Burning Man.
been to Burning Man.
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14:59
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
15:01
CH: There's some synergy.
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CH: Der er noget synergi der.
15:03
RD: (Laughs)
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RD: (Ler)
CH: I din præsentation talte du
om at bruge disse stoffer
om at bruge disse stoffer
15:04
CH: So, in your talk, you talked
about using these drugs
about using these drugs
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til at behandle nogen
rimelig alvorlige traumer.
rimelig alvorlige traumer.
15:08
to address some pretty serious traumas.
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Så hvad med nogen mere almindelige
psykiske sygdomme
psykiske sygdomme
15:10
So what about some more common
mental illnesses
mental illnesses
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som angst og depression,
15:14
like anxiety and depression,
288
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15:15
and is that where microdosing comes in?
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er det her mikrodoseringer
kommer ind i billedet?
kommer ind i billedet?
RD: Mikrodoseringer
kan hjælpe ved depression,
kan hjælpe ved depression,
15:18
RD: Well, microdosing
can be helpful for depression,
can be helpful for depression,
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jeg kender nogen der har brugt det.
15:21
I do know someone that has been using it.
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Men generelt, i terapeutisk øjemed,
15:23
But in general, for therapeutic purposes,
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3127
15:26
we prefer macro-dosing
rather than microdosing,
rather than microdosing,
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foretrækker vi makrodosering
frem for mikrodosering
frem for mikrodosering
for virkelig at hjælpe folk
med at behandle problemets rod.
med at behandle problemets rod.
15:29
in order to really help people
deal with the root causes.
deal with the root causes.
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15:32
Microdosing is more for creativity,
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Mikrodosering er mere for kreativitet,
15:35
for artistic inspiration,
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for kunstnerisk inspiration,
15:37
for focus ...
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for øget fokus...
15:38
And it also does have
a mood-elevation lift.
a mood-elevation lift.
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Og det løfter også humøret.
Men ved alvorlig sygdom
mener jeg,
mener jeg,
15:42
But I think for serious illnesses,
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15:43
we'd rather not get people thinking
that they need a daily drug,
that they need a daily drug,
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at folk ikke skal tro de har brug for
daglig medicinering,
daglig medicinering,
men i stedet dybere,
mere intensivt arbejde.
mere intensivt arbejde.
15:47
but do more deeper, intense work.
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2373
15:49
CH: And what about outside
the United States and North America,
the United States and North America,
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CH: Og hvad med uden for
USA og nordamerika,
USA og nordamerika,
foretager I undersøgelser der?
15:53
is this research being done there?
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15:55
RD: Oh yeah, we're globalizing.
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RD: Ja, vi er ved at globalisere.
15:57
Our Phase 3 studies
are actually being done
are actually being done
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Undersøgelsesfase 3
finder faktisk sted
finder faktisk sted
i Israel, Canada og USA.
16:00
in Israel, Canada and the United States.
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2413
16:02
So once we get approval in FDA,
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Så snart FDA godkender det,
16:04
it will also become approved
in Israel and in Canada.
in Israel and in Canada.
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vil det også være godkendt
i Israel og Canada.
i Israel og Canada.
16:07
We're just starting research in Europe.
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Vi har lige startet
undersøgelser i Europa.
undersøgelser i Europa.
Og vi kommer til at træne
nogle terapeuter fra Kina.
nogle terapeuter fra Kina.
16:10
And we're actually going to be training
some therapists from China.
some therapists from China.
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CH: Udmærket.
16:15
CH: That's great.
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Vi ville have lavet en
publikumsafstemning,
publikumsafstemning,
16:16
We were going to do an audience vote
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for at se om folk synes
det er en god idé
det er en god idé
16:18
to see if people felt
like this was a good idea
like this was a good idea
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at fortsætte
undersøgelserne eller ej,
undersøgelserne eller ej,
16:20
to move forward with this research or not,
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Men jeg har på fornemmelsen,
at jeg kender svaret, så...
at jeg kender svaret, så...
16:22
but I have a feeling I know
the answer to that, so ...
the answer to that, so ...
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16:25
Thank you so much, Rick.
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Tusind tak, Rick.
16:27
RD: Thank you. Thank you all.
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RD: Tak. Tak til jer alle.
16:28
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rick Doblin - Psychedelics researcherAs the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Rick Doblin crusades for the safe and legal use of psychedelics in therapy.
Why you should listen
Since he was 18, Rick Doblin has devoted himself to becoming a legal psychedelic psychotherapist. In 1986, he founded a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company -- the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) -- which he has grown from a one-man project to an international psychedelic pharmaceutical company.
Doblin's professional goal is to become a legally licensed psychedelic psychotherapist by developing legal contexts for the safe uses of psychedelics and marijuana as prescription medicines and also for personal growth, spirituality and creativity. Today, MAPS is designing or sponsoring psychedelic psychotherapy drug development research in over a dozen countries and has raised more than $70 million in donations.
Doblin received his master's and PhD in public policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and he was in the first group to be certified by Dr. Stanislav Grof as a Holotropic Breathwork practitioner.
Rick Doblin | Speaker | TED.com