TED2019
Rick Doblin: The future of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy
Rick Doblin: Budućnost psihodelicima potpomognute psihoterapije
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Mogu li psihodelici pomoći u liječenju trauma i mentalnih bolesti? Istraživač Rick Doblin tri desetljeća traži odgovor na ovo pitanje i rezultati koje ima su obećavajući. U fascinantnom uvodu u znanost o psihodelicima objašnjava kako LSD, psilocibin i MDMA djeluju na mozak. Uz psihoterapiju bi psihodelici mogli posve promijeniti način liječenja PTSP-a, depresije, zloupotrebe droga i sličnog.
Rick Doblin - Psychedelics researcher
As the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Rick Doblin crusades for the safe and legal use of psychedelics in therapy. Full bio
As the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Rick Doblin crusades for the safe and legal use of psychedelics in therapy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Preparing for this talk
has been scarier for me
has been scarier for me
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Pripremanje ovog govora
bilo mi je strašnije
bilo mi je strašnije
00:16
than preparing for LSD therapy.
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od pripremanja za terapiju LSD-jem.
00:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:21
"Psychedelics are to the study of the mind
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''Psihodelici su za istraživanje uma
00:24
what the microscope is to biology
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ono što je mikroskop za biologiju
00:27
and the telescope is to astronomy."
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i teleskop za astronomiju.''
00:30
Dr. Stanislav Grof spoke those words.
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To su riječi dr. Stanislava Grofa.
00:33
He's one of the leading
psychedelic researchers in the world,
psychedelic researchers in the world,
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On je jedan od vodećih istraživača
psihodelika u svijetu
psihodelika u svijetu
00:36
and he's also been my mentor.
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i bio je i moj mentor.
00:38
Today, I'd like to share with you
how psychedelics, when used wisely,
how psychedelics, when used wisely,
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Danas vam želim reći kako psihodelici,
kada ih mudro koristimo,
kada ih mudro koristimo,
00:43
have the potential to help heal us,
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imaju potencijal
da nam pomognu u izliječenju,
da nam pomognu u izliječenju,
00:46
help inspire us,
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u nadahnuću,
00:48
and perhaps even to help save us.
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a možda nas čak mogu i spasiti.
00:51
In the 1950s and 60s,
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1950-tih i 1960-tih godina,
00:53
psychedelic research flourished
all over the world
all over the world
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istraživanja psihodelika
su se provodila širom svijeta
su se provodila širom svijeta
00:56
and showed great promise
for the fields of psychiatry,
for the fields of psychiatry,
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i pokazivala velika obećanja
u području psihijatrije,
u području psihijatrije,
00:59
psychology and psychotherapy,
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psihologije i psihoterapije,
01:01
neuroscience and the study
of mystical experiences.
of mystical experiences.
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neuroznanosti i istraživanja
mističnih iskustava.
mističnih iskustava.
01:05
But psychedelics leaked out
of the research settings
of the research settings
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Psihodelici su, međutim, procurili
izvan istraživačkih laboratorija
izvan istraživačkih laboratorija
01:08
and began to be used
by the counterculture,
by the counterculture,
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i počeli su se koristiti
i u kontrakulturi
i u kontrakulturi
01:11
and by the anti-Vietnam War movement.
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i u protuvijetnamskom pokretu.
01:14
And there was unwise use.
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To nije bilo mudro korištenje.
01:16
And so there was a backlash.
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I zato je došlo do zastoja.
01:18
And in 1970, the US government
criminalized all uses of psychedelics,
criminalized all uses of psychedelics,
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1970-tih je američka vlada svaku upotrebu
psihodelika proglasila kriminalom
psihodelika proglasila kriminalom
01:23
and they began shutting down
all psychedelic research.
all psychedelic research.
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te je polako ukidala i sva istraživanja.
01:27
And this ban spread all over the world
and lasted for decades.
and lasted for decades.
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Ta se zabrana proširila svijetom
i trajala je desetljećima,
i trajala je desetljećima,
01:30
and it was tragic,
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što je tragično,
01:32
since psychedelics are really just tools,
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jer su psihodelici samo alat,
01:34
and whether their outcomes
are beneficial or harmful
are beneficial or harmful
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i njihov učinak
može biti i dobar i štetan,
može biti i dobar i štetan,
01:37
depends on how they're used.
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ovisno o tome kako ih koristimo.
01:40
Psychedelic means "mind-manifesting,"
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Psihodelik znači ''manifestiranje uma''
01:46
and it relates to drugs
like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,
like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,
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i to je naziv za droge poput
LSD-a, psilocibina, meskalina,
LSD-a, psilocibina, meskalina,
01:54
iboga and other drugs.
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iboge i drugih.
01:57
When I was 18 years old,
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Kad sam imao 18 godina,
01:59
I was a college freshman,
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na prvoj godini studija,
02:02
I was experimenting
with LSD and mescaline,
with LSD and mescaline,
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eksperimentirao sam s
LSD-ijem i meskalinom,
LSD-ijem i meskalinom,
02:05
and these experiences
brought me in touch with my emotions.
brought me in touch with my emotions.
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i ta su me iskustva
povezala s mojim emocijama.
povezala s mojim emocijama.
02:09
And they helped me have
a spiritual connection
a spiritual connection
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Pomogla su mi doživjeti
duhovnu povezanost
duhovnu povezanost
02:12
that unfortunately,
my bar mitzvah did not produce.
my bar mitzvah did not produce.
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koju nisam bio
dobio svojom Bar Mitzvom.
dobio svojom Bar Mitzvom.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:18
When I wanted to tease my parents,
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Kad sam želio provocirati roditelje,
02:20
I would tell them
that they drove me to psychedelics
that they drove me to psychedelics
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rekao bih im kako su me oni
okrenuli psihodelicima
okrenuli psihodelicima
02:23
because my bar mitzvah had failed
to turn me into a man.
to turn me into a man.
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jer me moja Bar Mitzva
nije učinila muškarcem.
nije učinila muškarcem.
02:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:29
But most importantly,
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Najvažnije od svega,
02:31
psychedelics gave me this feeling
of our shared humanity,
of our shared humanity,
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psihodelici su mi pružili osjećaj
naše zajedničke ljudskosti
naše zajedničke ljudskosti
02:34
of our unity with all life.
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i naše povezanosti sa svim što je živo.
02:37
And other people reported
that same thing as well.
that same thing as well.
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I drugi su ljudi imali slično iskustvo.
02:39
And I felt that these experiences
had the potential
had the potential
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Osjećao sam da takva iskustva
imaju potencijal
imaju potencijal
02:43
to help be an antidote
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da budu protuotrov
02:46
to tribalism, to fundamentalism,
to genocide and environmental destruction.
to genocide and environmental destruction.
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za plemensku svijest, fundamentalizam,
genocid i uništavanje okoliša.
genocid i uništavanje okoliša.
02:51
And so I decided to focus my life
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Odlučio sam da ću posvetiti život
02:54
on changing the laws
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promjeni zakonske zabrane
02:56
and becoming a legal
psychedelic psychotherapist.
psychedelic psychotherapist.
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i postati legalan
psihodelični psihoterapeut.
psihodelični psihoterapeut.
03:00
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
03:04
Now, half a century after the ban,
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Danas, nakon pola stoljeća zabrane,
03:06
we're in the midst of a global renaissance
of psychedelic research.
of psychedelic research.
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nalazimo se usred globalne renesanse
istraživanja psihodelika.
istraživanja psihodelika.
03:10
Psychedelic psychotherapy
is showing great promise
is showing great promise
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Psihoterapija psihodelicima
puno obećava
puno obećava
03:13
for the treatment of post-traumatic
stress disorder, or PTSD,
stress disorder, or PTSD,
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u tretmanu posttraumatskog
stresnog poremećaja (PTSP-a),
stresnog poremećaja (PTSP-a),
03:18
depression, social anxiety,
substance abuse and alcoholism
substance abuse and alcoholism
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depresije, socijalne anksioznosti,
zloupotrebe droga, alkoholizma
zloupotrebe droga, alkoholizma
03:24
and suicide.
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i samoubojstva.
03:25
Psychedelic psychotherapy is an attempt
to go after the root causes
to go after the root causes
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Psihoterapija psihodelicima je pokušaj
da se dođe do samog korijena
da se dođe do samog korijena
03:29
of the problems,
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nečijih problema,
03:30
with just relatively few administrations,
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uz samo nekoliko primjena doza,
03:33
as contrasted to most
of the psychiatric drugs used today
of the psychiatric drugs used today
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što je suprotnost većini
psihijatrijskih lijekova
psihijatrijskih lijekova
03:37
that are mostly just reducing symptoms
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koji samo smanjuju simptome
03:40
and are meant to be taken
on a daily basis.
on a daily basis.
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i treba ih uzimati svaki dan.
03:45
Psychedelics are now also being used
as tools for neuroscience
as tools for neuroscience
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Psihodelici su alat u
neuroznanstvenim istraživanjima
neuroznanstvenim istraživanjima
03:49
to study brain function
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proučavanju funkcije mozga
03:50
and to study the enduring mystery
of human consciousness.
of human consciousness.
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i posebno, u proučavanju
trajne misterije ljudske svijesti.
trajne misterije ljudske svijesti.
03:55
And psychedelics and the mystical
experiences they produce
experiences they produce
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Psihodelici i mistična iskustva
do kojih oni dovode
do kojih oni dovode
03:58
are being explored for their connections
between meditation and mindfulness,
between meditation and mindfulness,
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proučavaju se zbog njihove veze
s meditacijom i svjesnosti,
s meditacijom i svjesnosti,
04:02
including a paper just recently published
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i nedavno je objavljen rad
04:04
about lifelong zen meditators
taking psilocybin
taking psilocybin
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o dugogodišnjim zen meditatorima
koji još uzimaju i psilocibin
koji još uzimaju i psilocibin
04:08
in the midst of a meditation retreat
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u meditacijskim odmaralištima.
04:10
and showing long-term benefits
and brain changes.
and brain changes.
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Pokazali su dugoročne dobrobiti
i promjene u mozgu.
i promjene u mozgu.
04:15
Now, how do these drugs work?
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Kako djeluju ove droge?
04:17
Modern neuroscience research
has demonstrated
has demonstrated
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Moderna neuroznanost nam pokazuje
04:19
that psychedelics reduce activity
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da psihodelici umanjuju aktivnost
04:22
in what's known as the brain's
default mode network.
default mode network.
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onoga što nazivamo zadanom
mrežom u mozgu.
mrežom u mozgu.
04:24
This is where we create our sense of self.
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Tu stvaramo osjećaj sebstva.
04:28
It's our equivalent to the ego,
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To je ekvivalent ega,
04:30
and it filters all incoming information
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koji filtrira sve ulazne informacije
04:32
according to our personal
needs and priorities.
needs and priorities.
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prema našim osobnim
potrebama i prioritetima.
potrebama i prioritetima.
04:36
When activity is reduced
in the default mode network,
in the default mode network,
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Kad se smanji aktivnost
te zadane mreže,
te zadane mreže,
04:39
our ego shifts from the foreground
to the background,
to the background,
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naš ego se povlači iz prvog plana
prema pozadini,
prema pozadini,
04:44
and we see that it's just part
of a larger field of awareness.
of a larger field of awareness.
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i mi ga vidimo kao jedan mali dio
puno većeg polja svijesti.
puno većeg polja svijesti.
04:49
It's similar to the shift
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To je slično promjeni
04:51
that Copernicus and Galileo were
able to produce in humanity
able to produce in humanity
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do koje su Kopernik i Galileo
doveli u našoj povijesti
doveli u našoj povijesti
04:54
using the telescope
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kada su teleskopom
04:55
to show that the earth was no
longer the center of the universe,
longer the center of the universe,
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pokazali kako Zemlja
nije središte svemira,
nije središte svemira,
05:00
but was actually something
that revolved around the sun,
that revolved around the sun,
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već je ona nešto što se okreće oko Sunca
05:03
something bigger than itself.
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kao nečega većeg od sebe.
05:06
For some people, this shift in awareness
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Nekim ljudima je ovaj pomak u svjesnosti
05:09
is the most important
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najvažnije
05:11
and among the most important
experiences of their lives.
experiences of their lives.
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ili bar jedno od najvažnijih
iskustava u životu.
iskustava u životu.
05:14
They feel more connected
to the world bigger than themselves.
to the world bigger than themselves.
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Osjećaju bolju povezanost sa svijetom
koji je veći od nijh samih.
koji je veći od nijh samih.
05:18
They feel more altruistic,
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Osjećaju veći altruizam,
05:20
and they lose some of their fear of death.
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gube dio straha od smrti.
05:24
Not all drugs work this way.
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Ne djeluju sve droge na ovaj način.
05:26
MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, or Molly,
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MDMA, poznat kao ecstasy ili Molly,
05:30
works fundamentally different.
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djeluje bitno drukčije.
05:31
And I'll be able to share with you
the story of Marcela,
the story of Marcela,
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To ću vam pokazati pričom o Marceli,
05:34
who suffered from
post-traumatic stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
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koja je patila od posttraumatskog
stresnog poremećaja
stresnog poremećaja
05:37
from a violent sexual assault.
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nakon nasilnog seksualnog napada.
05:40
Marcela and I were introduced in 1984,
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Upoznali smo se 1984.
05:44
when MDMA was still legal,
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kada je MDMA još bio legalan,
05:46
but it was beginning also
to leak out of therapeutic circles.
to leak out of therapeutic circles.
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ali je već počeo curiti
izvan terapeutskih krugova.
izvan terapeutskih krugova.
05:50
Marcela had tried MDMA
in a recreational setting,
in a recreational setting,
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Marcela je uzela MDMA
u rekreacijskim uvjetima
u rekreacijskim uvjetima
05:54
and during that, her past trauma
flooded her awareness
flooded her awareness
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i proživljena trauma tada je
iznova preplavila njenu svijest
iznova preplavila njenu svijest
05:58
and it intensified her suicidal feelings.
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i pojačala njene suicidalne osjećaje.
06:03
During our first conversation,
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U našem prvom razgovoru,
06:04
I shared that when MDMA
is taken therapeutically,
is taken therapeutically,
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rekao sam joj kako MDMA,
kad se uzima terapijski,
kad se uzima terapijski,
06:08
it can reduce the fear
of difficult emotions,
of difficult emotions,
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može smanjiti strah od teških emocija
06:12
and she could help move forward
past her trauma.
past her trauma.
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i pomoći joj da se makne dalje
od svoje traume.
od svoje traume.
06:15
I asked her to promise
not to commit suicide
not to commit suicide
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Tražio sam da mi obeća
kako neće izvršiti samoubojstvo
kako neće izvršiti samoubojstvo
06:19
if we were to work together.
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ako bismo radili zajedno.
06:21
She agreed and made that promise.
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Složila se i dala mi to obećanje.
06:25
During her therapeutic sessions,
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U njenim terapijskim seansama,
06:27
Marcela was able to process
her trauma more fluidly, more easily.
her trauma more fluidly, more easily.
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Marcela je uspjela proći
svoju traumu lakše, fluidnije.
svoju traumu lakše, fluidnije.
06:33
And yet, she was able to tell
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Istovremeno je uspjela reći
06:36
that the rapist had told her
that if she ever shared her story,
that if she ever shared her story,
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da joj je silovatelj zaprijetio,
ispriča li ikada o tom događaju,
ispriča li ikada o tom događaju,
06:40
he would kill her.
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ubit će je.
06:41
And she realized that that was
keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.
keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.
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Shvatila je tada kako je bila
zarobljenica vlastitog uma.
zarobljenica vlastitog uma.
06:46
So being able to share the story
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Kad je podijelila svoju priču,
06:48
and experience the feelings
and the thoughts in her mind
and the thoughts in her mind
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proradila osjećaje i
iskustva vlastitog uma,
iskustva vlastitog uma,
06:53
freed her,
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postala je slobodna
06:54
and she was able to decide
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i mogla je odlučiti
06:55
that she wanted
to move forward with her life.
to move forward with her life.
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kako želi krenuti
dalje sa svojim životom.
dalje sa svojim životom.
06:58
And in that moment,
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U tom trenutku
06:59
I realized that MDMA could be very
effective for treating PTSD.
effective for treating PTSD.
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sam shvatio kako bi MDMA mogla biti
učinkovita za PTSP.
učinkovita za PTSP.
07:04
Now, 35 years later,
after Marcela's treatment,
after Marcela's treatment,
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Sada, 35 godina nakon tog tretmana,
07:08
she's actually a therapist,
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Marcela je postala terapeut
07:11
training other therapists to help people
overcome PTSD with MDMA.
overcome PTSD with MDMA.
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i trener za druge terapeute
koji liječe PTSP pomoću MDMA.
koji liječe PTSP pomoću MDMA.
07:17
Now, how does MDMA work?
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Kako djeluje MDMA?
07:20
How did MDMA help Marcela?
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Kako je točno MDMA pomogla Marceli?
07:22
People who have PTSD
have brains that are different
have brains that are different
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Ljudi koji imaju PTSP
imaju i drukčiji mozak
imaju i drukčiji mozak
07:25
from those of us who don't have PTSD.
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od nas koji nemamo PTSP.
07:28
They have a hyperactive amygdala,
where we process fear.
where we process fear.
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Hiperaktivna im je amigdala,
gdje se obrađuje strah.
gdje se obrađuje strah.
07:31
They have reduced activity
in the prefrontal cortex,
in the prefrontal cortex,
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Smanjena im je aktivnost
prefrontalnog korteksa,
prefrontalnog korteksa,
07:35
where we think logically.
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gdje logički mislimo.
07:37
And they have reduced activity
in the hippocampus,
in the hippocampus,
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I smanjena im je aktivnost hipokampusa,
07:39
where we store memories
into long-term storage.
into long-term storage.
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gdje su pohranjena
naša dugoročna sjećanja.
naša dugoročna sjećanja.
07:43
MDMA changes the brain
in the opposite way.
in the opposite way.
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MDMA mijenja mozak u suprotnom smjeru.
07:47
MDMA reduces activity in the amygdala,
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MDMA smanjuje aktivnost amigdale,
07:50
increases activity
in the prefrontal cortex
in the prefrontal cortex
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pojačava aktivnost frontalnog korteksa
07:53
and increases connectivity
between the amygdala and the hippocampus
between the amygdala and the hippocampus
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i jača veze amigdale i hipokampusa
07:57
to remit traumatic memories
to move into long-term storage.
to move into long-term storage.
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kako traumatska sjećanja
ne bi bila dugoročno pohranjena.
ne bi bila dugoročno pohranjena.
08:01
Recently, researchers at Johns Hopkins
published a paper in "Nature,"
published a paper in "Nature,"
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Istraživači iz Johns Hopkinsa su nedavno
objavili rad u časopisu Nature,
objavili rad u časopisu Nature,
08:06
in which they demonstrated
that MDMA releases oxytocin,
that MDMA releases oxytocin,
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u kojem su pokazali
da MDMA oslobađa oksitocin,
da MDMA oslobađa oksitocin,
08:09
the hormone of love and nurturing.
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hormon ljubavi i brižnosti.
08:12
The same researchers
also did studies in octopuses,
also did studies in octopuses,
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Isti su istraživači radili s hobotnicama,
08:15
who are normally asocial,
unless it's mating season.
unless it's mating season.
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koje su asocijalne izvan sezone parenja.
08:20
But lo and behold, you give them MDMA,
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Ali ako im date MDMA,
08:22
and they become prosocial.
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postaju prosocijalne.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:27
Several months after
Marcela and I worked together,
Marcela and I worked together,
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Nekoliko mjeseci nakon
mog i Marcelinog rada,
mog i Marcelinog rada,
08:30
the Drug Enforcement Administration
moved to criminalize Ecstasy,
moved to criminalize Ecstasy,
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uprava za suzbijanje droga (DEA)
je kriminalizirala ecstasy,
je kriminalizirala ecstasy,
bez ikakvih znanja
o njegovoj terapijskoj upotrebi.
o njegovoj terapijskoj upotrebi.
08:34
having no knowledge
of its therapeutic use.
of its therapeutic use.
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08:37
So I went to Washington,
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Stoga sam otišao u Washington,
08:39
and I went into the headquarters
of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
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ravno u sjedište odjela DEA-e
08:42
and I filed a lawsuit demanding a hearing,
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i tužbom sam tražio saslušanje
08:45
at which psychiatrists
and psychotherapists
and psychotherapists
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na kojem bi psihijatri i psihoterapeuti
08:48
would be able to present information
about therapeutic use of MDMA
about therapeutic use of MDMA
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mogli prikazati informacije
o psihoterapijskoj koristi MDMA
o psihoterapijskoj koristi MDMA
08:51
to try to keep it legal.
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i zadržati je u legalnom okviru.
08:54
And in the middle of the hearing,
the DEA freaked out,
the DEA freaked out,
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Usred saslušanja, DEA se prepala,
08:56
declared an emergency
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proglasila alarmantno stanje
08:59
and criminalized all uses of MDMA.
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i kriminalizirala svako korištenje MDMA.
09:02
And so the only way
that I could see to bring it back
that I could see to bring it back
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Jedini način da to popravim
09:05
was through science, through medicine
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bilo je koristiti znanost, medicinu,
kroz proces razvoja lijeka
Uprave za hranu i lijekove (FDA).
Uprave za hranu i lijekove (FDA).
09:07
and through the FDA
drug development process.
drug development process.
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09:10
So in 1986, I started MAPS
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Pa sam 1986. pokrenuo MAPS,
09:13
as a nonprofit psychedelic
pharmaceutical company.
pharmaceutical company.
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kao neprofitnu farmaceutsku kuću
koja proizvodi psihodelike.
koja proizvodi psihodelike.
09:17
It took us 30 years, till 2016,
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Trebalo nam je 30 godina, do 2016.
09:20
to develop the data that we needed
to present to FDA
to present to FDA
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da prikupimo podatke koje
moramo prezentirati agenciji FDA,
moramo prezentirati agenciji FDA,
09:24
to request permission to move
into the large-scale Phase 3 studies
into the large-scale Phase 3 studies
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kako bismo zatražili fazu 3,
studiju na velikom broju ispitanika,
studiju na velikom broju ispitanika,
09:28
that are required to prove
safety and efficacy
safety and efficacy
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koju moramo proći kako bismo dokazali
sigurnost i učinkovitost,
sigurnost i učinkovitost,
09:31
before you get approval
for prescription use.
for prescription use.
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prije nego što se
lijek može izdati na recept.
lijek može izdati na recept.
09:34
Tony was a veteran
in one of our pilot studies.
in one of our pilot studies.
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Tony je bio veteran u jednoj
od naših pilot studija.
od naših pilot studija.
09:38
According to the Veterans Administration,
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Prema Ministarstvu veterana,
09:41
there's over a million veterans now
disabled with PTSD.
disabled with PTSD.
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više od milijun veterana ima PTSP.
09:44
And at least 20 veterans a day
are committing suicide,
are committing suicide,
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Najmanje 20 dnevno ih počini samoubojstvo,
09:48
many of them from PTSD.
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i mnogi baš zbog PTSP-a.
09:51
The treatment that Tony was to receive
was three and a half months long.
was three and a half months long.
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Tonyjev je tretman trajao
tri i pol mjeseca.
tri i pol mjeseca.
09:56
But during that period of time,
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Kroz to vrijeme
09:57
he would only get MDMA on three occasions,
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samo je triput primio dozu MDMA,
10:00
separated by 12, 90-minute
non-drug psychotherapy sessions,
non-drug psychotherapy sessions,
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dok je u međuvremenu imao 12
psihoterapijskih seansi po 90 minuta.
psihoterapijskih seansi po 90 minuta.
10:04
three before the first
MDMA session for preparation
MDMA session for preparation
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Tri razgovora prije prve doze MDMA,
u svrhu pripreme,
u svrhu pripreme,
10:07
and three after each
MDMA session for integration.
MDMA session for integration.
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i tri razgovora nakon svake doze,
u svrhu integracije iskustva.
u svrhu integracije iskustva.
10:11
We call our treatment approach
"inner-directed therapy,"
"inner-directed therapy,"
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Naš smo pristup nazvali
"terapijom vođenom iznutra,"
"terapijom vođenom iznutra,"
10:15
in that we support the patient
to experience whatever's emerging
to experience whatever's emerging
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jer podržavamo pacijenta da iskusi
sve što mu se pojavi,
sve što mu se pojavi,
10:19
within their minds or their bodies.
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u svijesti ili u tijelu.
10:23
Even with MDMA, this is hard work.
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I uz MDMA, to je težak rad.
10:26
And a lot of our subjects have said,
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I mnogi su pacijenti rekli:
10:28
"I don't know why they call this Ecstasy."
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''Ne znam zašto to zovu ecstasy.''
10:30
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:32
During Tony's first MDMA session,
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Tony je u svojoj prvoj seansi s MDMA
10:34
he lay on the couch, he had eyeshades on,
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ležao na kauču, s povezom preko očiju,
10:37
he listened to music,
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slušao je glazbu
10:39
and he would speak to the therapists,
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i obraćao se terapeutima,
10:41
who were a male-female co-therapy team,
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koji su bili muško-ženski par,
10:43
whenever he felt that he needed to.
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kad bi on osjetio potrebu za tim.
10:46
After several hours,
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Poslije nekoliko sati,
10:47
in a moment of calmness and clarity,
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u trenutku smirenosti i jasnoće,
10:50
Tony shared that he had realized
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izjavio je da je shvatio
10:54
his PTSD was a way
of connecting him to his friends.
of connecting him to his friends.
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kako je njemu PTSP način
da se poveže s prijateljima.
da se poveže s prijateljima.
10:59
It was a way of honoring the memory
of his friends who had died.
of his friends who had died.
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Njemu je to bio način odavanja
počasti poginulim prijateljima.
počasti poginulim prijateljima.
11:04
But he was able to shift and see himself
through the eyes of his dead friends.
through the eyes of his dead friends.
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Kad je doživio transformaciju
te se pogledao očima svojih prijatelja,
te se pogledao očima svojih prijatelja,
11:08
And he realized that they
would not want him to suffer,
would not want him to suffer,
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shvatio je da oni ne žele da on pati
11:11
to squander his life.
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i protrati svoj život.
11:12
They would want him to live more fully,
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Oni bi htjeli da on živi potpuno,
11:14
which they were unable to do.
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iako oni to više ne mogu.
11:16
And so he realized that there was
a new way to honor their memory,
a new way to honor their memory,
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Pa je pronašao novi način
kojim će čuvati sjećanje na njih,
kojim će čuvati sjećanje na njih,
11:20
which was to live as fully as possible.
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tako što će živjeti punim plućima.
11:23
He also realized that
he was telling himself a story
he was telling himself a story
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Shvatio je i da je sebe
obmanjivao govoreći
obmanjivao govoreći
11:26
that he was taking opiates for pain.
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kako opijate uzima za bol.
11:29
But actually, he realized,
he was taking them for escape.
he was taking them for escape.
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Iako ih je stvarno uzimao za bijeg.
11:32
So he decided he didn't need
the opiates anymore,
the opiates anymore,
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Odlučio je da ih više ne treba,
11:35
he didn't need the MDMA anymore,
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nije mu više trebala ni MDMA,
11:37
and he was dropping out of the study.
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i tako nam je odustao od studije.
11:39
That was seven years ago.
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Bilo je to prije sedam godina.
11:41
Tony is still free of PTSD,
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Ni danas Tony nema PTSP,
11:43
has never returned to opiates
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nije se nikad vratio opijatima
11:46
and is helping others less fortunate
than himself in Cambodia.
than himself in Cambodia.
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i pomaže drugima,
manje sretnima, u Kambodži.
manje sretnima, u Kambodži.
11:50
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:55
The data that we presented to FDA
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Podaci koje smo iznijeli pred FDA
11:58
from 107 people in our pilot
studies, including Tony,
studies, including Tony,
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uključuju 107 ljudi
iz naše pilot studije, zajedno s Tonyjem,
iz naše pilot studije, zajedno s Tonyjem,
12:01
showed that 23 percent of the people
that received therapy without active MDMA
that received therapy without active MDMA
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i pokazuju da je u kontrolnoj grupi
bilo 23 posto ljudi
bilo 23 posto ljudi
12:07
no longer had PTSD
at the end of treatment.
at the end of treatment.
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izliječenih od PTSP-a
na samom kraju tretmana.
na samom kraju tretmana.
12:10
This is really pretty good
for this patient population.
for this patient population.
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To je vrlo dobar rezultat
u toj populaciji pacijenata.
u toj populaciji pacijenata.
12:13
However, when you add MDMA,
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Kada u tretman dodate još i MDMA,
12:15
the results more than double,
to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.
to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.
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rezultat se udvostruči;
56 posto ljudi više nema PTSP.
56 posto ljudi više nema PTSP.
12:21
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
12:24
But most importantly,
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Najvažnije od svega,
12:25
once people learn that if they don't need
to suppress their trauma,
to suppress their trauma,
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kad ljudi shvate da
ne trebaju potiskivati traume
ne trebaju potiskivati traume
12:29
but they can process it,
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već ih mogu proraditi,
12:30
they keep getting better on their own.
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tada se nastavljaju oporavljati sami.
12:32
So at the 12-month follow-up
one year after the last treatment session,
one year after the last treatment session,
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Jednu godinu nakon posljednjeg razgovora,
12:36
two-thirds no longer have PTSD.
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2/3 njih više nema PTSP.
12:39
And of the one-third that do,
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A u 1/3 onih koji imaju,
12:41
many have clinically significant
reductions in symptoms.
reductions in symptoms.
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mnogima su simptomi
klinički značajno smanjeni.
klinički značajno smanjeni.
12:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
12:49
On the basis of this data,
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Na temelju tih podataka,
12:51
the FDA has declared MDMA-assisted
psychotherapy for PTSD
psychotherapy for PTSD
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FDA je odobrila psihoterapiju uz MDMA
za slučajeve PTSP-a
za slučajeve PTSP-a
12:55
a breakthrough therapy.
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kao terapiju prvog izbora.
12:57
FDA has also declared psilocybin
a breakthrough therapy
a breakthrough therapy
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Proglasila je i psilocibin
terapijom prvog izbora
terapijom prvog izbora
13:01
for treatment-resistant depression
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1982
za depresiju koja ne reagira
na obični tretman
na obični tretman
13:03
and just recently approved
esketamine for depression.
esketamine for depression.
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i nedavno dozvolila
esketamin za depresiju.
esketamin za depresiju.
13:08
I'm proud to say that we have now
initiated our Phase 3 studies.
initiated our Phase 3 studies.
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Ponosan sam što smo
započeli fazu 3 studija
započeli fazu 3 studija
13:14
And if the results are as we hope,
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i ako rezultati budu onakvi
kakvima se nadamo,
kakvima se nadamo,
13:17
and if they're similar
to the Phase 2 studies,
to the Phase 2 studies,
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slični onima iz druge faze,
13:19
by the end of 2021, FDA will approve
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
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do kraja 2021. će FDA odobriti
MDMA za PTSP.
MDMA za PTSP.
13:25
If approved,
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Ako bude odobren,
13:27
the only therapists who will be able
to directly administer it to patients
to directly administer it to patients
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jedini terapeuti koji
će moći primijenjivati takav lijek
će moći primijenjivati takav lijek
13:31
are going to be therapists that
have been through our training program,
have been through our training program,
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će biti oni koji su prošli
naš program treninga.
naš program treninga.
13:34
and they will only be able
to administer MDMA
to administer MDMA
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I samo će oni davati MDMA
13:36
under direct supervision
in clinic settings.
in clinic settings.
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pod izravnim nadzorom
i u kliničkim uvjetima.
i u kliničkim uvjetima.
13:41
We anticipate that over
the next several decades,
the next several decades,
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Predviđamo kako će u
nekoliko idućih desetljeća
nekoliko idućih desetljeća
13:45
there will be thousands
of psychedelic clinics established,
of psychedelic clinics established,
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postojati tisuće takvih klinika
za psihodelike
za psihodelike
13:48
at which, therapists will be able
to administer MDMA,
to administer MDMA,
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i u njima će terapeuti moći dati MDMA,
13:52
psilocybin, ketamine
and other psychedelics
and other psychedelics
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psilocibin, ketamine
i druge psihodelike
i druge psihodelike
13:55
to potentially millions of patients.
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milijunima pacijenata.
13:58
These clinics can also evolve
into centers where people can come
into centers where people can come
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Takve klinike se mogu razviti
u centre u koje ljudi dolaze
u centre u koje ljudi dolaze
14:03
for psychedelic psychotherapy
for personal growth,
for personal growth,
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po terapiju u svrhu osobnog rasta,
14:06
for couples therapy
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po terapiju za parove,
14:08
or for spiritual, mystical experiences.
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ili po duhovna, mistična iskustva.
14:12
Humanity now is in a race
between catastrophe and consciousness.
between catastrophe and consciousness.
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Čovječanstvo se utrkuje
između katastrofe i svjesnosti.
između katastrofe i svjesnosti.
14:20
The psychedelic renaissance is here
to help consciousness triumph.
to help consciousness triumph.
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Renesansa psihodelika će pomoći
da pobijedi svjesnost.
da pobijedi svjesnost.
14:26
And now, if you all just
look under your seats ...
look under your seats ...
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Pogledajte ispod vašeg sjedala...
14:30
Just joking!
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Šala!
14:31
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:32
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
14:33
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:35
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:36
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:41
Thank you.
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Hvala.
14:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:48
Corey Hajim: You've got to stay
up here for a minute.
up here for a minute.
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Corey Hajim: Ostanite tu još koju minutu.
14:50
Thank you so much, Rick.
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Puno ti hvala, Rick.
14:52
I guess it's a supportive audience.
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Publika nas podržava.
14:54
Rick Doblin: Yes, very.
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Rick Doblin: Da, potpuno.
14:57
Many of them have also
been to Burning Man.
been to Burning Man.
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Mnogi od njih su bili
i na festivalu Burning Man.
i na festivalu Burning Man.
14:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
15:01
CH: There's some synergy.
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CH: Na djelu je neka sinergija.
15:03
RD: (Laughs)
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RD: (Smijeh)
15:04
CH: So, in your talk, you talked
about using these drugs
about using these drugs
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CH: U govoru si pričao
o korištenju ovih droga
o korištenju ovih droga
15:08
to address some pretty serious traumas.
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za liječenje ozbiljnih trauma.
15:10
So what about some more common
mental illnesses
mental illnesses
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Što je s nekim uobičajenim
mentalnim bolestima,
mentalnim bolestima,
15:14
like anxiety and depression,
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poput anksioznosti i depresije,
15:15
and is that where microdosing comes in?
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pomaže li tu mikrodoziranje?
15:18
RD: Well, microdosing
can be helpful for depression,
can be helpful for depression,
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RD: Mikrodoziranje može pomoći
kod depresije.
kod depresije.
15:21
I do know someone that has been using it.
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Poznajem nekoga tko je to radio.
15:23
But in general, for therapeutic purposes,
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No, za terepijski proces općenito
15:26
we prefer macro-dosing
rather than microdosing,
rather than microdosing,
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radije koristimo velike doze
nego mikrodoze,
nego mikrodoze,
15:29
in order to really help people
deal with the root causes.
deal with the root causes.
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kako bismo stvarno pomogli ljudima
riješiti probleme u korijenu.
riješiti probleme u korijenu.
15:32
Microdosing is more for creativity,
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Mikrodoziranje je više za kreativnost,
15:35
for artistic inspiration,
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umjetničku inspiraciju,
15:37
for focus ...
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fokus...
15:38
And it also does have
a mood-elevation lift.
a mood-elevation lift.
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Ono i podiže raspoloženje.
15:42
But I think for serious illnesses,
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No, za ozbiljne bolesti
15:43
we'd rather not get people thinking
that they need a daily drug,
that they need a daily drug,
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ne želimo da ljudi misle:
''Trebam lijek svaki dan.''
''Trebam lijek svaki dan.''
15:47
but do more deeper, intense work.
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Neka rade dublje i intenzivnije na sebi.
15:49
CH: And what about outside
the United States and North America,
the United States and North America,
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CH: Što s ljudima izvan SAD-a i
Sjeverne Amerike,
Sjeverne Amerike,
15:53
is this research being done there?
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provode li se i tamo ova istraživanja?
15:55
RD: Oh yeah, we're globalizing.
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RD: Da, sve globaliziramo.
15:57
Our Phase 3 studies
are actually being done
are actually being done
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Faza 3 naših studija provodi se
16:00
in Israel, Canada and the United States.
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u Izraelu, Kanadi i SAD-u.
16:02
So once we get approval in FDA,
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Kad dobijemo odobrenje od FDA,
16:04
it will also become approved
in Israel and in Canada.
in Israel and in Canada.
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ono će vrijediti i u Izraelu i Kanadi.
16:07
We're just starting research in Europe.
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Upravo počinjemo istraživanja u Europi.
16:10
And we're actually going to be training
some therapists from China.
some therapists from China.
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I treniramo neke terapeute iz Kine.
CH: To je sjajno.
16:15
CH: That's great.
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Htjeli smo da publika glasa
16:16
We were going to do an audience vote
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kako bismo provjerili
misle li da je dobro
misle li da je dobro
16:18
to see if people felt
like this was a good idea
like this was a good idea
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da se ova istraživanja nastave,
16:20
to move forward with this research or not,
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no čini mi se da već
znamo odgovor, stoga...
znamo odgovor, stoga...
16:22
but I have a feeling I know
the answer to that, so ...
the answer to that, so ...
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16:25
Thank you so much, Rick.
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Hvala ti, Rick.
16:27
RD: Thank you. Thank you all.
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RD: Hvala tebi, hvala svima.
16:28
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rick Doblin - Psychedelics researcherAs the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Rick Doblin crusades for the safe and legal use of psychedelics in therapy.
Why you should listen
Since he was 18, Rick Doblin has devoted himself to becoming a legal psychedelic psychotherapist. In 1986, he founded a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company -- the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) -- which he has grown from a one-man project to an international psychedelic pharmaceutical company.
Doblin's professional goal is to become a legally licensed psychedelic psychotherapist by developing legal contexts for the safe uses of psychedelics and marijuana as prescription medicines and also for personal growth, spirituality and creativity. Today, MAPS is designing or sponsoring psychedelic psychotherapy drug development research in over a dozen countries and has raised more than $70 million in donations.
Doblin received his master's and PhD in public policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and he was in the first group to be certified by Dr. Stanislav Grof as a Holotropic Breathwork practitioner.
Rick Doblin | Speaker | TED.com