TED2019
Claire Wardle: How you can help transform the internet into a place of trust
Claire Wardle: Kako možete pomoći da internet postane mjesto povjerenja
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Kako možemo spriječiti širenje netočnog, ponekad i opasnog sadržaja, istovremeno održavajući internet u duhu slobode izražavanja? Stručnjakinja za dezinformiranje, Claire Wardle, istražuje nove izazove našeg zagađenog internetskog okoliša i iznosi plan za preoblikovanje interneta u mjesto povjerenja - uz pomoć običnih korisnika. "Preoblikujmo zajedno naš informacijski krajolik", kaže.
Claire Wardle - Misinformation expert
Claire Wardle is an expert on user-generated content and verification working to help improve the quality of information online. Full bio
Claire Wardle is an expert on user-generated content and verification working to help improve the quality of information online. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
No matter who you are or where you live,
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Bez obzira tko ste i gdje živite,
00:16
I'm guessing that you have
at least one relative
at least one relative
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nagađam da imate barem jednog rođaka
00:18
that likes to forward those emails.
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koji voli prosljeđivati one poruke.
00:21
You know the ones I'm talking about --
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Znate o kojima govorim --
onima sa sumnjivim tvrdnjama
ili snimkama teorija urota.
ili snimkama teorija urota.
00:23
the ones with dubious claims
or conspiracy videos.
or conspiracy videos.
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00:26
And you've probably
already muted them on Facebook
already muted them on Facebook
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I vjerojatno ste ih već
blokirali na Facebooku
blokirali na Facebooku
00:29
for sharing social posts like this one.
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zbog dijeljenja ovakvih objava.
00:31
It's an image of a banana
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To je slika banane
00:32
with a strange red cross
running through the center.
running through the center.
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s neobičnim crvenim križem
koji se proteže kroz sredinu.
koji se proteže kroz sredinu.
00:35
And the text around it is warning people
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Tekst uokolo upozorava ljude
00:37
not to eat fruits that look like this,
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da ne jedu takvo voće,
00:39
suggesting they've been
injected with blood
injected with blood
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napominjući da je injektirano krvlju
00:41
contaminated with the HIV virus.
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zagađenom virusom HIV-a.
00:44
And the social share message
above it simply says,
above it simply says,
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A društveno dijeljena poruka iznad
jednostavno kaže,
jednostavno kaže,
00:46
"Please forward to save lives."
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"Molimo pošaljite dalje za spas života."
00:49
Now, fact-checkers have been debunking
this one for years,
this one for years,
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Stručnjaci za provjeru informacija
pokušavaju razotkriti ovo godinama,
pokušavaju razotkriti ovo godinama,
00:52
but it's one of those rumors
that just won't die.
that just won't die.
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ali to je jedan od tračeva koji
odbija umrijeti.
odbija umrijeti.
00:55
A zombie rumor.
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Zombijevski trač.
00:57
And, of course, it's entirely false.
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I naravno, potpuno je pogrešan.
01:00
It might be tempting to laugh
at an example like this, to say,
at an example like this, to say,
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Dolazimo u napast smijati se
primjerima poput ovoga, reći,
primjerima poput ovoga, reći,
01:03
"Well, who would believe this, anyway?"
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"Tko bi ionako povjerovao u to?"
Ali razlog zbog kojeg je to
zombijevski trač
zombijevski trač
01:05
But the reason it's a zombie rumor
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01:07
is because it taps into people's
deepest fears about their own safety
deepest fears about their own safety
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jest jer zadire u najdublje ljudske
strahove o osobnoj sigurnosti
strahove o osobnoj sigurnosti
01:10
and that of the people they love.
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te sigurnosti ljudi koje vole.
A ako provedete toliko vremena koliko
i ja promatrajući dezinformacije,
i ja promatrajući dezinformacije,
01:13
And if you spend as enough time
as I have looking at misinformation,
as I have looking at misinformation,
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01:17
you know that this is just
one example of many
one example of many
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znate da je ovo tek jedan
od mnogih primjera
od mnogih primjera
01:19
that taps into people's deepest
fears and vulnerabilities.
fears and vulnerabilities.
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koji zadire u najdublje ljudske
strahove i slabosti.
strahove i slabosti.
01:23
Every day, across the world,
we see scores of new memes on Instagram
we see scores of new memes on Instagram
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Svakog dana, svuda u svijetu, vidimo
desetke novih memeova na Instagramu
desetke novih memeova na Instagramu
01:27
encouraging parents
not to vaccinate their children.
not to vaccinate their children.
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koji ohrabruju roditelje
da ne cijepe svoju djecu.
da ne cijepe svoju djecu.
01:30
We see new videos on YouTube
explaining that climate change is a hoax.
explaining that climate change is a hoax.
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Vidimo nove videe na YouTubeu koji
tvrde da su klimatske promjene prevara.
tvrde da su klimatske promjene prevara.
01:35
And across all platforms, we see
endless posts designed to demonize others
endless posts designed to demonize others
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A na svim platformama, vidimo bezbrojne
postove s ciljem demoniziranja drugih
postove s ciljem demoniziranja drugih
01:39
on the basis of their race,
religion or sexuality.
religion or sexuality.
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na osnovi njihove rase,
vjere ili spolnosti.
vjere ili spolnosti.
01:44
Welcome to one of the central
challenges of our time.
challenges of our time.
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Dobrodošli u jedan od središnjih
izazova našeg vremena.
izazova našeg vremena.
01:47
How can we maintain an internet
with freedom of expression at the core,
with freedom of expression at the core,
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Kako da zadržimo internet
sa slobodom izražavanja u svojoj srži,
sa slobodom izražavanja u svojoj srži,
01:51
while also ensuring that the content
that's being disseminated
that's being disseminated
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a da osiguramo da sadržaj kojeg se širi
01:55
doesn't cause irreparable harms
to our democracies, our communities
to our democracies, our communities
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ne stvara nepovratnu štetu
našim demokracijama, našim zajednicama
našim demokracijama, našim zajednicama
01:58
and to our physical and mental well-being?
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te našem tjelesnom i umnom blagostanju?
02:01
Because we live in the information age,
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Jer živimo u informacijskom dobu,
02:04
yet the central currency
upon which we all depend -- information --
upon which we all depend -- information --
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a ipak glavna valuta o kojoj
svi ovisimo -- informacija --
svi ovisimo -- informacija --
02:07
is no longer deemed entirely trustworthy
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više se ne smatra posve vjerodostojnom
02:10
and, at times, can appear
downright dangerous.
downright dangerous.
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a ponekad se može činiti izravno opasnom.
02:12
This is thanks in part to the runaway
growth of social sharing platforms
growth of social sharing platforms
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Ovo se događa zahvaljujući brzom rastu
platformi za društveno dijeljenje
platformi za društveno dijeljenje
02:16
that allow us to scroll through,
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koje nam omogućuju da skrolamo dolje,
02:18
where lies and facts sit side by side,
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gdje laži i činjenice stoje
jedni uz druge,
jedni uz druge,
02:20
but with none of the traditional
signals of trustworthiness.
signals of trustworthiness.
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ali bez ijednog od tradicionalnih
znakova vjerodostojnosti.
znakova vjerodostojnosti.
02:24
And goodness -- our language around this
is horribly muddled.
is horribly muddled.
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I zaboga -- naš govor koji okružuje
sve to je zastrašujuće zamagljen.
sve to je zastrašujuće zamagljen.
02:27
People are still obsessed
with the phrase "fake news,"
with the phrase "fake news,"
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Ljudi su još uvijek opsjednuti
frazom "lažne vijesti",
frazom "lažne vijesti",
02:31
despite the fact that
it's extraordinarily unhelpful
it's extraordinarily unhelpful
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unatoč činjenici da nam izuzetno odmaže
02:33
and used to describe a number of things
that are actually very different:
that are actually very different:
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i koristi se za opis brojnih stvari
koje su zapravo vrlo različite:
koje su zapravo vrlo različite:
02:37
lies, rumors, hoaxes,
conspiracies, propaganda.
conspiracies, propaganda.
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laži, tračevi, prevare,
urote, promidžba.
urote, promidžba.
02:40
And I really wish
we could stop using a phrase
we could stop using a phrase
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I stvarno priželjkujem da
prestanemo koristiti tu frazu
prestanemo koristiti tu frazu
02:43
that's been co-opted by politicians
right around the world,
right around the world,
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koju su redom preuzeli političari
gotovo cijelog svijeta,
gotovo cijelog svijeta,
02:46
from the left and the right,
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od ljevice do desnice,
02:48
used as a weapon to attack
a free and independent press.
a free and independent press.
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i koriste se njome kao oružjem za napade
na slobodne i neovisne medije.
na slobodne i neovisne medije.
02:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
Jer sada više nego ikada trebaju nam
naši profesionalni informativni mediji.
naši profesionalni informativni mediji.
02:57
Because we need our professional
news media now more than ever.
news media now more than ever.
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03:00
And besides, most of this content
doesn't even masquerade as news.
doesn't even masquerade as news.
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Osim toga, većina takvog sadržaja se
niti ne prikriva pod viješću.
niti ne prikriva pod viješću.
03:04
It's memes, videos, social posts.
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To su memeovi, videi, društveni postovi.
03:06
And most of it is not fake;
it's misleading.
it's misleading.
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I većina toga nije lažna,
nego krivo navodi.
nego krivo navodi.
03:10
We tend to fixate on what's true or false.
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Mi se većinom fiksiramo na istinu ili laž.
03:13
But the biggest concern is actually
the weaponization of context.
the weaponization of context.
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Ali najveća opasnost je zapravo
pretvaranje konteksta u oružje.
pretvaranje konteksta u oružje.
03:18
Because the most effective disinformation
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Jer najučinkovitija dezinformacija
03:20
has always been that
which has a kernel of truth to it.
which has a kernel of truth to it.
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oduvijek je bila ona koja
u sebi sadrži zrnce istine.
u sebi sadrži zrnce istine.
03:23
Let's take this example
from London, from March 2017,
from London, from March 2017,
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Uzmimo ovaj primjer iz Londona
iz ožujka 2017. godine,
iz ožujka 2017. godine,
03:27
a tweet that circulated widely
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objava na Twitteru koja se jako proširila
03:28
in the aftermath of a terrorist incident
on Westminster Bridge.
on Westminster Bridge.
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u danima nakon terorističkog napada
na Westminsterskom mostu.
na Westminsterskom mostu.
03:32
This is a genuine image, not fake.
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Ovo je prava slika, nije lažirana.
03:35
The woman who appears in the photograph
was interviewed afterwards,
was interviewed afterwards,
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Žena koja se pojavljuje na slici
kasnije je bila intervjuirana
kasnije je bila intervjuirana
03:38
and she explained that
she was utterly traumatized.
she was utterly traumatized.
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i objasnila je da je bila
krajnje preplašena.
krajnje preplašena.
03:40
She was on the phone to a loved one,
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Bila je na telefonu s voljenom osobom
03:42
and she wasn't looking
at the victim out of respect.
at the victim out of respect.
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i iz poštovanja nije gledala u žrtvu.
03:45
But it still was circulated widely
with this Islamophobic framing,
with this Islamophobic framing,
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Ali svejedno je proširena uz
islamofobne implikacije,
islamofobne implikacije,
03:49
with multiple hashtags,
including: #BanIslam.
including: #BanIslam.
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uz brojne hashtagove, uključujući:
#ZabraniteIslam.
#ZabraniteIslam.
03:52
Now, if you worked at Twitter,
what would you do?
what would you do?
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Da radite u Twitteru, što biste učinili?
03:54
Would you take that down,
or would you leave it up?
or would you leave it up?
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Biste li ovo maknuli ili ostavili?
03:58
My gut reaction, my emotional reaction,
is to take this down.
is to take this down.
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Moja instinktivna, emocionalna
reakcija jest da bih to maknula.
reakcija jest da bih to maknula.
04:02
I hate the framing of this image.
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Mrzim implikacije ove slike.
04:04
But freedom of expression
is a human right,
is a human right,
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Ali sloboda izražavanja je ljudsko pravo,
04:06
and if we start taking down speech
that makes us feel uncomfortable,
that makes us feel uncomfortable,
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a ako počnemo micati govor koji
čini da se osjećamo nelagodno,
čini da se osjećamo nelagodno,
04:10
we're in trouble.
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onda smo u nevolji.
04:11
And this might look like a clear-cut case,
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Ovo može izgledati kao
kristalno jasan slučaj,
kristalno jasan slučaj,
04:13
but, actually, most speech isn't.
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ali zapravo, većina govora nije takva.
04:15
These lines are incredibly
difficult to draw.
difficult to draw.
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Izuzetno je teško povući te crte.
04:18
What's a well-meaning
decision by one person
decision by one person
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Ono što je za jednu osobu
dobronamjerna odluka,
dobronamjerna odluka,
04:20
is outright censorship to the next.
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za drugu može biti otvorena cenzura.
04:22
What we now know is that
this account, Texas Lone Star,
this account, Texas Lone Star,
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Sada znamo da je ovaj Twitter-račun,
Texas Lone Star,
Texas Lone Star,
04:25
was part of a wider Russian
disinformation campaign,
disinformation campaign,
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dio široke ruske kampanje dezinformiranja,
04:28
one that has since been taken down.
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koja je otada odstranjena.
04:31
Would that change your view?
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Bi li to promijenilo vaš stav?
04:33
It would mine,
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Moj bi,
jer sada je to slučaj usmjerene kampanje
04:34
because now it's a case
of a coordinated campaign
of a coordinated campaign
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za sijanje nemira.
04:36
to sow discord.
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04:38
And for those of you who'd like to think
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A vama koji volite misliti
04:40
that artificial intelligence
will solve all of our problems,
will solve all of our problems,
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kako će umjetna inteligencija
riješiti sve naše probleme,
riješiti sve naše probleme,
04:42
I think we can agree
that we're a long way away
that we're a long way away
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mislim da se možemo složiti
kako je još dug put
kako je još dug put
04:45
from AI that's able to make sense
of posts like this.
of posts like this.
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do UI-ja koji bi mogao razlučiti
smisao ovakvih postova.
smisao ovakvih postova.
04:48
So I'd like to explain
three interlocking issues
three interlocking issues
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Želim objasniti tri isprepletena problema
04:51
that make this so complex
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koji ovo čine toliko složenim,
04:53
and then think about some ways
we can consider these challenges.
we can consider these challenges.
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a zatim razmisliti o načinima kako
možemo razmotriti ove izazove.
možemo razmotriti ove izazove.
04:57
First, we just don't have
a rational relationship to information,
a rational relationship to information,
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Prvo, mi jednostavno nemamo
racionalan odnos s informacijama,
racionalan odnos s informacijama,
05:01
we have an emotional one.
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nego emocionalan.
05:02
It's just not true that more facts
will make everything OK,
will make everything OK,
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Jednostavno nije točno da će više
činjenica sve popraviti,
činjenica sve popraviti,
05:06
because the algorithms that determine
what content we see,
what content we see,
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jer algoritmi koji određuju
koji sadržaj gledamo
koji sadržaj gledamo
05:09
well, they're designed to reward
our emotional responses.
our emotional responses.
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napravljeni su tako da
nagrade naše emocionalne reakcije.
nagrade naše emocionalne reakcije.
05:12
And when we're fearful,
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A kada strahujemo,
05:14
oversimplified narratives,
conspiratorial explanations
conspiratorial explanations
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pojednostavljene priče,
urotnička objašnjenja
urotnička objašnjenja
05:17
and language that demonizes others
is far more effective.
is far more effective.
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i govor koji demonizira druge
su daleko učinkovitiji.
su daleko učinkovitiji.
05:21
And besides, many of these companies,
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Usput, mnoge od ovih tvrtki,
05:23
their business model
is attached to attention,
is attached to attention,
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njihov poslovni model
veže se na pozornost,
veže se na pozornost,
05:26
which means these algorithms
will always be skewed towards emotion.
will always be skewed towards emotion.
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što znači da će ti algoritmi uvijek
biti naklonjeni prema emocijama.
biti naklonjeni prema emocijama.
05:30
Second, most of the speech
I'm talking about here is legal.
I'm talking about here is legal.
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Drugo, većina govora koji
ovdje opisujem je legalan.
ovdje opisujem je legalan.
05:35
It would be a different matter
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Bila bi to druga stvar
ako bih govorila o slikama
spolnog zlostavljanja djece
spolnog zlostavljanja djece
05:36
if I was talking about
child sexual abuse imagery
child sexual abuse imagery
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05:38
or content that incites violence.
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ili o sadržaju koji poziva na nasilje.
05:40
It can be perfectly legal
to post an outright lie.
to post an outright lie.
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Može biti posve legalno
objaviti besramnu laž.
objaviti besramnu laž.
05:45
But people keep talking about taking down
"problematic" or "harmful" content,
"problematic" or "harmful" content,
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A ljudi i dalje pričaju o skidanju
"problematičnog" ili "štetnog" sadržaja,
"problematičnog" ili "štetnog" sadržaja,
05:49
but with no clear definition
of what they mean by that,
of what they mean by that,
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ali bez jasne definicije
što pod tim smatraju,
što pod tim smatraju,
05:51
including Mark Zuckerberg,
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čak i Mark Zuckerberg,
05:53
who recently called for global
regulation to moderate speech.
regulation to moderate speech.
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koji je nedavno zatražio svjetsku
regulativu za moderiranje govora.
regulativu za moderiranje govora.
05:56
And my concern is that
we're seeing governments
we're seeing governments
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Vidim opasnost u tome što vlade
05:59
right around the world
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po cijelom svijetu
06:00
rolling out hasty policy decisions
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izbacuju žurne političke odluke
06:03
that might actually trigger
much more serious consequences
much more serious consequences
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koje bi zapravo mogle izazvati
puno ozbiljnije posljedice
puno ozbiljnije posljedice
06:05
when it comes to our speech.
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kada se radi o našem govoru.
06:08
And even if we could decide
which speech to take up or take down,
which speech to take up or take down,
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Čak i ako bismo mogli odlučiti
koji govor postaviti ili maknuti,
koji govor postaviti ili maknuti,
06:11
we've never had so much speech.
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nikada nije bilo toliko puno govora.
06:13
Every second, millions
of pieces of content
of pieces of content
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Svake sekunde, milijune
komadića sadržaja
komadića sadržaja
06:16
are uploaded by people
right around the world
right around the world
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postavljaju ljudi iz cijelog svijeta
06:18
in different languages,
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na različitim jezicima,
06:19
drawing on thousands
of different cultural contexts.
of different cultural contexts.
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pozivajući se na tisuće različitih
kulturnih konteksta.
kulturnih konteksta.
06:22
We've simply never had
effective mechanisms
effective mechanisms
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Nikada nismo imali učinkovita sredstva
06:24
to moderate speech at this scale,
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za moderiranje govora na ovoj razini,
06:26
whether powered by humans
or by technology.
or by technology.
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bilo da ih pokreću ljudi ili tehnologija.
06:30
And third, these companies --
Google, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp --
Google, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp --
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Treće, ove tvrtke -- Google, Twitter,
Facebook, WhatsApp --
Facebook, WhatsApp --
06:34
they're part of a wider
information ecosystem.
information ecosystem.
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dio su šireg informacijskog ekosustava.
06:37
We like to lay all the blame
at their feet, but the truth is,
at their feet, but the truth is,
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Sviđa nam se svaliti sav
grijeh na njih, ali zapravo,
grijeh na njih, ali zapravo,
06:40
the mass media and elected officials
can also play an equal role
can also play an equal role
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masovni mediji i dužnosnici na položajima
također igraju podjednaku ulogu
također igraju podjednaku ulogu
06:44
in amplifying rumors and conspiracies
when they want to.
when they want to.
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u preuveličavanju tračeva
i zavjera kada to žele.
i zavjera kada to žele.
06:47
As can we, when we mindlessly forward
divisive or misleading content
divisive or misleading content
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Tu ulogu igramo i sami kada proslijedimo
huškajući ili neprovjeren sadržaj
huškajući ili neprovjeren sadržaj
06:52
without trying.
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a da se nismo ni potrudili.
06:54
We're adding to the pollution.
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Pridonosimo zagađenju.
06:57
I know we're all looking for an easy fix.
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Znam da svi tražimo lako rješenje.
06:59
But there just isn't one.
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Ali jednostavno ga nema.
07:01
Any solution will have to be rolled out
at a massive scale, internet scale,
at a massive scale, internet scale,
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Bilo koje rješenje trebalo bi biti
pokrenuto na visokoj razini, internetskoj,
pokrenuto na visokoj razini, internetskoj,
07:06
and yes, the platforms,
they're used to operating at that level.
they're used to operating at that level.
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i da, platforme su naviknute
raditi na toj razini.
raditi na toj razini.
07:09
But can and should we allow them
to fix these problems?
to fix these problems?
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Ali možemo li i trebamo li im dopustiti
da riješe ovaj problem?
da riješe ovaj problem?
07:13
They're certainly trying.
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Oni se svakako trude.
07:14
But most of us would agree that, actually,
we don't want global corporations
we don't want global corporations
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Ali većina nas će se složiti da, zapravo,
ne želimo da globalne korporacije
ne želimo da globalne korporacije
07:19
to be the guardians of truth
and fairness online.
and fairness online.
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postanu čuvari istine
i poštenja na internetu.
i poštenja na internetu.
07:21
And I also think the platforms
would agree with that.
would agree with that.
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Mislim da bi se i same platforme
složile s time.
složile s time.
07:24
And at the moment,
they're marking their own homework.
they're marking their own homework.
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A trenutno, oni ocjenjuju svoje
vlastite domaće zadaće.
vlastite domaće zadaće.
07:27
They like to tell us
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Vole nam reći
kako intervencije koje poduzimaju
imaju učinak,
imaju učinak,
07:28
that the interventions
they're rolling out are working,
they're rolling out are working,
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ali budući da sami pišu svoja
izvješća o transparentnosti,
izvješća o transparentnosti,
07:30
but because they write
their own transparency reports,
their own transparency reports,
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nema načina da neovisno
utvrdimo što se zapravo događa.
utvrdimo što se zapravo događa.
07:33
there's no way for us to independently
verify what's actually happening.
verify what's actually happening.
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07:38
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:41
And let's also be clear
that most of the changes we see
that most of the changes we see
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Razjasnimo također kako se
većina promjena koje vidimo
većina promjena koje vidimo
07:44
only happen after journalists
undertake an investigation
undertake an investigation
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dogode tek nakon što novinari
poduzmu istragu
poduzmu istragu
07:47
and find evidence of bias
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te pronađu dokaze pristranosti
07:49
or content that breaks
their community guidelines.
their community guidelines.
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ili sadržaja koji krši njihove
društvene smjernice.
društvene smjernice.
07:52
So yes, these companies have to play
a really important role in this process,
a really important role in this process,
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Da, te tvrtke moraju igrati
vrlo važnu ulogu u ovom procesu,
vrlo važnu ulogu u ovom procesu,
07:57
but they can't control it.
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ali ga ne smiju kontrolirati.
07:59
So what about governments?
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Što je s vladama?
08:01
Many people believe
that global regulation is our last hope
that global regulation is our last hope
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Mnogi ljudi vjeruju da je svjetska
regulativa posljednja nada
regulativa posljednja nada
08:04
in terms of cleaning up
our information ecosystem.
our information ecosystem.
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kada se radi o pročišćenju našeg
informacijskog ekosustava.
informacijskog ekosustava.
08:07
But what I see are lawmakers
who are struggling to keep up to date
who are struggling to keep up to date
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Ali vidim tek donositelje zakona
koji se bore da ostanu ukorak
koji se bore da ostanu ukorak
08:11
with the rapid changes in technology.
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s brzim promjenama u tehnologiji.
08:13
And worse, they're working in the dark,
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Još gore, oni djeluju u mraku,
08:15
because they don't have access to data
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jer nemaju pristup podacima
08:17
to understand what's happening
on these platforms.
on these platforms.
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kako bi razumjeli što se događa
na ovim platformama.
na ovim platformama.
08:20
And anyway, which governments
would we trust to do this?
would we trust to do this?
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A i kojim bismo vladama
povjerili da to učine?
povjerili da to učine?
08:23
We need a global response,
not a national one.
not a national one.
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Potrebna nam je svjetska,
ne nacionalna, reakcija.
ne nacionalna, reakcija.
08:27
So the missing link is us.
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Mi smo karika koja nedostaje.
08:29
It's those people who use
these technologies every day.
these technologies every day.
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Ljudi koji se služe ovim
tehnologijama svakodnevno.
tehnologijama svakodnevno.
08:33
Can we design a new infrastructure
to support quality information?
to support quality information?
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Možemo li stvoriti novu infrastrukturu
za podršku kvalitetnim informacijama?
za podršku kvalitetnim informacijama?
08:38
Well, I believe we can,
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Vjerujem da možemo,
08:39
and I've got a few ideas about
what we might be able to actually do.
what we might be able to actually do.
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i imam par ideja o tome
što zapravo možemo učiniti.
što zapravo možemo učiniti.
08:43
So firstly, if we're serious
about bringing the public into this,
about bringing the public into this,
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Najprije, ako ozbiljno mislimo
uključiti javnost u ovo,
uključiti javnost u ovo,
08:46
can we take some inspiration
from Wikipedia?
from Wikipedia?
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možemo li crpiti nadahnuće iz Wikipedije?
08:48
They've shown us what's possible.
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Oni su pokazali što je moguće.
08:50
Yes, it's not perfect,
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Nije savršena,
08:51
but they've demonstrated
that with the right structures,
that with the right structures,
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ali prikazali su kako
pomoću pravih struktura,
pomoću pravih struktura,
globalnog pogleda te puno,
puno transparentnosti,
puno transparentnosti,
08:54
with a global outlook
and lots and lots of transparency,
and lots and lots of transparency,
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može se izgraditi nešto što će
steći povjerenje većine ljudi.
steći povjerenje većine ljudi.
08:56
you can build something
that will earn the trust of most people.
that will earn the trust of most people.
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08:59
Because we have to find a way
to tap into the collective wisdom
to tap into the collective wisdom
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Jer moramo pronaći način da
zagrabimo u kolektivnu mudrost
zagrabimo u kolektivnu mudrost
09:03
and experience of all users.
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te iskustvo svakog korisnika.
09:05
This is particularly the case
for women, people of color
for women, people of color
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To je posebno bitno za žene, nebijelce,
i nedovoljno zastupljene skupine.
09:08
and underrepresented groups.
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09:09
Because guess what?
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Jer pogodite?
09:10
They are experts when it comes
to hate and disinformation,
to hate and disinformation,
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Oni su stručnjaci kada se radi
o mržnji i dezinformiranju,
o mržnji i dezinformiranju,
09:13
because they have been the targets
of these campaigns for so long.
of these campaigns for so long.
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jer su oni toliko dugo
bili mete takvih kampanja.
bili mete takvih kampanja.
09:17
And over the years,
they've been raising flags,
they've been raising flags,
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Tijekom godina, podizali su zastavice,
09:19
and they haven't been listened to.
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a nismo ih slušali.
09:21
This has got to change.
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To se mora promijeniti.
09:22
So could we build a Wikipedia for trust?
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Možemo li sagraditi
Wikipediju za povjerenje?
Wikipediju za povjerenje?
09:27
Could we find a way that users
can actually provide insights?
can actually provide insights?
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Možemo li pronaći način da nam
korisnici zapravo omoguće uvide?
korisnici zapravo omoguće uvide?
09:31
They could offer insights around
difficult content-moderation decisions.
difficult content-moderation decisions.
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Mogu ponuditi uvide pri teškim
odlukama o moderiranju sadržaja.
odlukama o moderiranju sadržaja.
09:35
They could provide feedback
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Mogu nam dati povratnu informaciju
09:36
when platforms decide
they want to roll out new changes.
they want to roll out new changes.
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kada platforme odluče
izbaciti nove promjene.
izbaciti nove promjene.
09:40
Second, people's experiences
with the information is personalized.
with the information is personalized.
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Drugo, ljudska iskustva s
informacijama su osobna.
informacijama su osobna.
09:44
My Facebook news feed
is very different to yours.
is very different to yours.
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Moj popis novosti na Facebooku
je vrlo različit od vašeg.
je vrlo različit od vašeg.
09:47
Your YouTube recommendations
are very different to mine.
are very different to mine.
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Vaše preporuke na YouTubeu su
vrlo različite od mojih.
vrlo različite od mojih.
09:49
That makes it impossible for us
to actually examine
to actually examine
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To čini nemogućim da preispitamo
09:52
what information people are seeing.
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koje informacije ljudi vide.
09:54
So could we imagine
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Možemo li zamisliti
09:56
developing some kind of centralized
open repository for anonymized data,
open repository for anonymized data,
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da razvijemo neku vrstu središnjeg
otvorenog skladišta za anonimne podatke,
otvorenog skladišta za anonimne podatke,
10:01
with privacy and ethical
concerns built in?
concerns built in?
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s ugrađenom privatnošću
i etičkim ogradama?
i etičkim ogradama?
10:04
Because imagine what we would learn
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Jer zamislite što bismo mogli naučiti
10:06
if we built out a global network
of concerned citizens
of concerned citizens
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ako izgradimo svjetsku mrežu
angažiranih građana
angažiranih građana
10:09
who wanted to donate
their social data to science.
their social data to science.
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koji žele donirati svoje
društvene podatke znanosti.
društvene podatke znanosti.
10:13
Because we actually know very little
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Jer zapravo znamo jako malo
10:14
about the long-term consequences
of hate and disinformation
of hate and disinformation
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o dugoročnim posljedicama
mržnje i dezinformacija
mržnje i dezinformacija
10:17
on people's attitudes and behaviors.
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na ljudske stavove i ponašanja.
10:20
And what we do know,
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A ono što znamo
10:21
most of that has been
carried out in the US,
carried out in the US,
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većinom je bilo izvedeno u SAD-u,
10:23
despite the fact that
this is a global problem.
this is a global problem.
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usprkos tome što je ovo svjetski problem.
10:26
We need to work on that, too.
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I na tome moramo raditi.
10:28
And third,
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Treće,
10:29
can we find a way to connect the dots?
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možemo li naći način da spojimo točke?
10:31
No one sector, let alone nonprofit,
start-up or government,
start-up or government,
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Nijedan sektor, posebno ne neprofitna
udruga, start-up tvrtka ili vlada
udruga, start-up tvrtka ili vlada
10:35
is going to solve this.
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neće ovo riješiti.
10:36
But there are very smart people
right around the world
right around the world
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Ali ima jako pametnih ljudi
svuda po svijetu
svuda po svijetu
10:39
working on these challenges,
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koji rade na ovim izazovima,
10:40
from newsrooms, civil society,
academia, activist groups.
academia, activist groups.
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uredništva vijesti, civilno društvo,
akademski djelatnici, skupine aktivista.
akademski djelatnici, skupine aktivista.
10:44
And you can see some of them here.
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Neke od njih možete vidjeti ovdje.
10:46
Some are building out indicators
of content credibility.
of content credibility.
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Neki grade pokazatelje za
vjerodostojnost sadržaja.
vjerodostojnost sadržaja.
10:49
Others are fact-checking,
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Drugi provjeravaju podatke,
10:50
so that false claims, videos and images
can be down-ranked by the platforms.
can be down-ranked by the platforms.
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kako bi lažne tvrdnje, videi i slike
bili nisko rangirani na platformama.
bili nisko rangirani na platformama.
10:53
A nonprofit I helped
to found, First Draft,
to found, First Draft,
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Pomogla sam osnovati neprofitnu
udrugu First Draft
udrugu First Draft
10:56
is working with normally competitive
newsrooms around the world
newsrooms around the world
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koja radi s uobičajeno natjecateljskim
uredništvima vijesti po svijetu
uredništvima vijesti po svijetu
10:59
to help them build out investigative,
collaborative programs.
collaborative programs.
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da im pomogne u gradnji
istraživačkih, surađivačkih programa.
istraživačkih, surađivačkih programa.
11:03
And Danny Hillis, a software architect,
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Danny Hillis, inženjer softvera,
11:05
is designing a new system
called The Underlay,
called The Underlay,
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gradi novi sustav imenom The Underlay,
11:07
which will be a record
of all public statements of fact
of all public statements of fact
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koji će biti arhiv svih javnih činjenica
11:10
connected to their sources,
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povezanih sa svojim izvorom,
11:12
so that people and algorithms
can better judge what is credible.
can better judge what is credible.
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kako bi ljudi i algoritmi bolje
procijenili što je vjerodostojno.
procijenili što je vjerodostojno.
11:16
And educators around the world
are testing different techniques
are testing different techniques
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Edukatori diljem svijeta
testiraju različite tehnike
testiraju različite tehnike
11:20
for finding ways to make people
critical of the content they consume.
critical of the content they consume.
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u nalaženju načina da ljudi postanu
kritični prema sadržaju koji koriste.
kritični prema sadržaju koji koriste.
11:24
All of these efforts are wonderful,
but they're working in silos,
but they're working in silos,
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Svi ti pokušaji su divni,
ali oni rade nepovezano,
ali oni rade nepovezano,
11:27
and many of them are woefully underfunded.
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i mnogima od njih kronično
nedostaju financijska sredstva.
nedostaju financijska sredstva.
11:30
There are also hundreds
of very smart people
of very smart people
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Ima i stotine vrlo pametnih ljudi
11:32
working inside these companies,
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koji rade unutar ovih tvrtki,
11:34
but again, these efforts
can feel disjointed,
can feel disjointed,
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ali opet, ta nastojanja su rascjepkana,
11:36
because they're actually developing
different solutions to the same problems.
different solutions to the same problems.
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jer oni zapravo razvijaju različita
rješenja za isti problem.
rješenja za isti problem.
11:41
How can we find a way
to bring people together
to bring people together
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Kako možemo naći način da spojimo ljude
11:43
in one physical location
for days or weeks at a time,
for days or weeks at a time,
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na jednoj fizičkoj lokaciji
danima ili tjednima istodobno,
danima ili tjednima istodobno,
11:46
so they can actually tackle
these problems together
these problems together
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kako bi zajedno mogli
savladati ove probleme
savladati ove probleme
11:49
but from their different perspectives?
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ali s različitih gledišta?
11:51
So can we do this?
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Pa možemo li to učiniti?
11:52
Can we build out a coordinated,
ambitious response,
ambitious response,
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Možemo li izgraditi koordiniranu,
ambicioznu reakciju
ambicioznu reakciju
11:55
one that matches the scale
and the complexity of the problem?
and the complexity of the problem?
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koja će se mjeriti s razinom i
kompleksnošću problema?
kompleksnošću problema?
11:59
I really think we can.
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Stvarno mislim da možemo.
12:01
Together, let's rebuild
our information commons.
our information commons.
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Zajedno, izgradimo ponovno
naš informacijski krajolik.
naš informacijski krajolik.
12:04
Thank you.
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Hvala.
12:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Claire Wardle - Misinformation expertClaire Wardle is an expert on user-generated content and verification working to help improve the quality of information online.
Why you should listen
Claire Wardle is the executive director of First Draft, a nonprofit dedicated to educating journalists about reporting in an age of information disorder. Previously, she was a research fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School; the research director at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia Journalism School; the head of social media for the UN Refugee Agency; and director of news services for Storyful. Wardle holds a PhD in communication and an MA in political science from the University of Pennsylvania.
Claire Wardle | Speaker | TED.com