Katie Bouman: How to take a picture of a black hole
Katie Bouman: Cara mengambil gambar lubang hitam
Katie Bouman is part of an international team of astronomers that's creating the world's largest telescope to take the very first picture of a black hole. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
sebuah lubang hitam raksasa.
at a supermassive black hole.
gravitational pull
membelokkan cahaya membentuk cincin.
of what a black hole might look like.
tampilan lubang hitam yang memungkinkan.
his theory of general relativity.
teori relativitas umumnya.
a lot of evidence in support of it.
yang mendukung teori tersebut.
from this theory, black holes,
lubang hitam,
as to what a black hole might look like,
akan gambaran lubang hitam,
secara langsung.
a picture of one before.
mengetahui sebentar lagi itu akan berubah.
that that may soon change.
of a black hole in the next couple years.
lubang hitam dalam dua tahun lagi.
tim ilmuwan internasional,
to an international team of scientists,
the final picture.
gambar akhir.
a real picture of a black hole today,
foto lubang hitam hari ini,
into the effort involved
tentang usaha yang dilakukan
see through images and video.
gambar dan video.
to this exciting project.
pada proyek yang menarik ini.
the bright city lights tonight,
cahaya lampu kota malam ini,
to see a stunning view
pemandangan mengagumkan
millions of stars,
melebihi jutaan bintang
of the spiraling Milky Way,
di jantung Galaksi Bisa Sakti,
a cluster of stars right at the center.
tepat di tengahnya.
with infrared telescopes,
dengan teleskop inframerah,
for over 16 years.
bintang-bintang tersebut selama 16 tahun.
that is the most spectacular.
yang sebenarnya paling mencengangkan.
an invisible object.
mengitari objek tidak terlihat.
pergerakan bintang-bintang itu,
enough to cause this motion
kecil & berat yang mengakibatkan itu
apa pun yang melintas terlalu dekat,
anything that ventures too close --
lebih memperbesarnya lagi?
to zoom in even further?
that, by definition, is impossible to see?
secara logika, tidak mungkin dilihat?
to zoom in at radio wavelengths,
panjang gelombang radio,
lensing of hot plasma
plasma panas menyelubung
on this backdrop of bright material,
di balik material terang tersebut,
horison peristiwa lubang hitam
the black hole's event horizon,
becomes so great
the size and shape of this ring,
ukuran dan bentuk lingkaran ini
wouldn't only be really cool,
bukan hanya keren,
persamaan tersebut berlaku
that these equations hold
di sekitar lubang hitam.
around the black hole.
dari kita
is so far away from us,
incredibly small --
tampak sangat kecil dari Bumi.
on the surface of the moon.
di permukaan bulan.
extremely difficult.
menjadi sangat sulit.
to a simple equation.
yang disebut difraksi,
that we can possibly see.
bisa kita lihat.
that in order to see smaller and smaller,
untuk melihat benda yang lebih kecil,
bigger and bigger.
optical telescopes here on Earth,
teleskop optik terbaik di bumi,
to the resolution necessary
resolusi yang layak
resolution images ever taken
dari gambar bulan yang pernah diambil
over 1.5 million oranges.
lebih dari 1,5 juta jeruk.
yang kita butuhkan
on the surface of the moon
di permukaan bulan
that by crunching the numbers,
bahwa kita butuh teleskop
that we would need a telescope
this Earth-sized telescope,
that distinctive ring of light
lingkaran cahaya tersebut
hole's event horizon.
lubang hitam.
all the detail we see
memuat detail yang kita lihat
our first glimpse
penampakan pertama
around a black hole.
the size of the Earth is impossible.
adalah tidak mungkin.
you just might find
bisa saja Anda mendapat
from around the world,
di dunia,
called the Event Horizon Telescope
Event Horizon Telescope
the size of the Earth,
seukuran Bumi
hole's event horizon.
to take its very first picture
akan mengambil gambar pertama
network works together.
akan bekerja bersama.
of atomic clocks,
menggunakan jam atom
of the sights freeze light
menangkap cahaya
of terabytes of data.
di sebuah laboratorium di Massachussets.
right here in Massachusetts.
in the center of our galaxy,
lubang hitam di pusat tata surya kita,
Earth-sized telescope?
seukuran Bumi?
let's pretend we could build
kita bisa membangun
like turning the Earth
menjadi bola disko raksasa yang berputar.
together to make a picture.
sebuah gambar.
we remove most of those mirrors
sebagian besar cermin itu
this information together,
mengombinasikan informasi ini,
the locations where we have telescopes.
lokasi teleskop kita.
of measurements to make a picture from.
untuk membuat gambar.
at a few telescope locations,
di beberapa lokasi teleskop,
other new measurements.
pengukuran baru.
those mirrors change locations
cermin tersebut bisa mengubah lokasi
different parts of the image.
bagian lain dari gambar.
fill in the missing gaps of the disco ball
mengisi kekosongan bola disko
the underlying black hole image.
gambar dasar lubang hitam.
di semua tempat di dunia
everywhere on the globe --
and for that reason,
dan oleh karena itu,
of possible images
with our telescope measurements.
dengan pengukuran teleskop kami.
what we think of as images than others.
apa yang kami harapkan.
the first image of a black hole
mengambil gambar pertama lubang hitam
the most reasonable image
yang menemukan gambar paling logis
uses limited descriptions
memakai deskripsi terbatas
their knowledge of face structure,
pengetahuan struktur wajah mereka,
use our limited telescope data
memakai data teleskop terbatas kami
looks like stuff in our universe.
seperti alam semesta kita.
we're able to piece together pictures
kami dapat menggabungkan gambar
done using simulated data,
menggunakan data yang disimulasi
in the center of our galaxy.
rekonstruksi seperti ini memberi harapan
reconstruction such as this give us hope
the first image of a black hole
gambar pertama lubang hitam segera
the size of its ring.
about all the details of this algorithm,
algoritma ini dengan detail,
to give you a brief idea
what our universe looks like,
tampak alam semesta kita
and verify our results.
rekonstruksi dan mengonfirmasi hasilnya.
of possible images
our telescope measurements,
dengan pengukuran teleskop kami,
between them in some way.
to be the black hole image,
menjadi gambar lubang hitam
that's most likely.
were to appear on Facebook.
muncul di Facebook.
would post this noise image on the left,
gambar tidak jelas di kiri ini
would post a selfie
mempos swafoto seperti di kanan ini.
we'd see it on Facebook
di Facebook dibanding gambar tak jelas,
dibanding swafoto.
compared to the selfie.
from the black hole,
kami tak pernah melihat lubang hitam.
we've never seen a black hole before.
black hole image,
dengan gambar lubang hitam
about the structure of black holes?
untuk struktur lubang hitam?
from simulations we've done,
dari simulasi kami,
di Interstellar,
from "Interstellar,"
akan menimbulkan masalah serius.
it could cause some serious problems.
if Einstein's theories didn't hold?
jika teori Einstein tergoyahkan?
an accurate picture of what was going on.
gambar akurat dari yang sebenarnya.
too much into our algorithms,
terlalu banyak di algoritma kami,
what we expect to see.
kami ingin banyak pilihan terbuka
we want to leave the option open
at the center of our galaxy.
di pusat galaksi kita.
very distinct features.
fitur yang khas.
between black hole simulation images
antara gambar simulasi lubang hitam
tiap hari di bumi.
every day here on Earth.
what images look like
tahu seperti apa gambarnya
of image's features too much.
bagian yang berbeda dari gambar
of different kinds of images
affects our reconstructions.
asumsi kami mempengaruhi rekonstruksi.
a very similar-looking image,
gambar yang mirip,
are not biasing this picture that much.
tidak membuat gambar ini sangat bias.
giving the same description
from all around the world.
a very similar-looking face,
yang semuanya mirip,
bias kebudayaan mereka pada gambar.
cultural biases on the drawings.
different image features
fitur-fitur berbagai gambar adalah
into their little image patches.
a little bit like pieces of a puzzle.
seperti keping teka-teki.
to piece together an image
kepingan yang cocok menjadi gambar
pengukuran teleskop kami.
very distinctive sets of puzzle pieces.
padanan kepingannya sendiri.
kami mengambil data yang sama
to reconstruct the image?
untuk merekonstruksi gambar?
image simulation puzzle pieces.
kepingan teka-teki lubang hitam.
a black hole to look like.
akan gambar lubang hitam.
of black hole simulation images?
potongan gambar simulasi lubang hitam?
from everyday images,
gambar sehari-hari,
with your own personal camera?
dari kamera pribadi?
from all different sets of puzzle pieces,
dari kepingan gambar yang berbeda,
image we get too much.
untuk gambar akhirnya.
the same set of puzzle pieces,
mengambil kepingan yang sama,
from everyday images,
many different kinds of source images.
berbagai berbagai jenis gambar sumber.
astronomical non-black hole objects,
objek astonomis bukan lubang hitam
the elephant in the center of our galaxy.
gajah di tengah galaksi kita.
on the bottom look very similar
di bawah tampak sangat mirip
more confident in our algorithms.
foto hal sehari-hari,
of everyday photographs,
dari kamera pribadi.
personal camera.
yang belum pernah kita lihat
we've never seen before
together pictures we see all the time
gambar yang kita lihat sepanjang waktu,
trees, cats and dogs.
kucing, dan anjing.
will make it possible for us
of a black hole,
those famous theories
teori terkenal itu
sehari-sehari.
keberhasilan kreasi gambar seperti ini
imaging ideas like this working
without the amazing team of researchers
tim peneliti luar biasa
bekerja dengan mereka.
with no background in astrophysics,
tanpa latar belakang astrofisika,
through this unique collaboration
melalui kolaborasi unik ini
images of a black hole.
the Event Horizon Telescope
seperti Event Horizon Telescope
the interdisciplinary expertise
keahlian interdisiplin
hal yang tak mungkin
once thought impossible.
ilmu pengetahuan
as mysterious to you as a black hole.
seperti lubang hitam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Bouman - Imaging scientistKatie Bouman is part of an international team of astronomers that's creating the world's largest telescope to take the very first picture of a black hole.
Why you should listen
It is believed that the heart of the Milky Way hosts a four-million-solar-mass black hole feeding off a spinning disk of hot gas. An image of the shadow cast by the event horizon of the black hole could help to address a number of important scientific questions. For instance, does Einstein's theory of general relativity hold in extreme conditions? Unfortunately, the event horizon of this black hole appears so small in the sky that imaging it would require a single-dish radio telescope the size of the entire Earth. Although a single-dish telescope this large is unrealizable, by connecting disjoint radio telescopes located all around the globe, Katie Bouman and a team of astronomers are creating an Earth-sized computational telescope -- the Event Horizon Telescope -- that is capable of taking the very first up-close picture of a black hole.
Bouman is a PhD candidate in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The focus of her research is on using emerging computational methods to push the boundaries of interdisciplinary imaging. By combining techniques from both astronomy and computer science, Bouman has been working on developing innovative ways to combine the information from the Event Horizon Telescope network to produce the first picture of a black hole. Her work on imaging for the Event Horizon Telescope has been featured on BBC, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, Popular Science and NPR.
Katie Bouman | Speaker | TED.com