Joshua Smith: New nanotech to detect cancer early
ジョシュア・スミス: がんを早期発見する新ナノテクノロジー
Motivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
those three words within our lifetime,
いつかこの言葉を聞くことになります
of your closest friends and relatives
あなたの近しい友人や親戚の2/5は
with some form of cancer,
そのうちの1人は
of cancer survivors here in the US
およそ1/3は
more likely to declare bankruptcy
少なくとも2.5倍の確率で
doesn't have to be a death sentence.
死亡宣告である必要はありません
to improving treatment options,
重要な要因です
aims of my research --
1つですが—
of breast cancer for example,
and treated at stage one
of nearly 100 percent --
if treated at stage four.
減少してしまいます
for colorectal and ovarian cancer.
似たような傾向が見られます
that an early diagnosis that is accurate
生存に不可欠なのは
cancer diagnostic tools are invasive,
侵襲的で
amount of time to get the results back.
長い時間がかかることです
to some forms of cancer,
肺がん、すい臓がん
liver or pancreatic cancer,
until physical symptoms surface,
後期まで進行したがんを意味する
indicators of late-stage progression.
疾患に気付きません
without an early warning system,
竜巻が来ても
are greatly reduced.
減少してしまうようなものです
of regular screening options
より迅速に返してくれる
and could provide results much sooner,
手が届くということは
weapon in the fight against cancer.
力強い武器となり得るでしょう
to get out ahead of the disease
容赦なく現れる症状の
following in its relentless wake.
病気に先手を打つことができます
I've been developing technologies
cancer diagnostics.
開発してきました
by a deep scientific curiosity,
これら統計の表す数字を変えるのだという
with breast cancer.
個人的なものとなりました
and unexpected emotional dimension
強烈な感情の世界を
treatment can be,
ということを身を以て知っていますし
of the emotional havoc
included our two young daughters.
during a routine mammogram,
早期にがんを発見し
primarily on treatment options
how important an early diagnosis is.
再確認しました
screening option for breast cancer.
乳がん早期診断のための検診が受けられます
for having a mammogram.
乳がんになってしまったりします
a lot of room for improvement,
できるがんについても
that do have screening options,
for those that don't.
大いに有益です
for cancer researchers
for many types of cancers
where during your regular checkup,
a simple, noninvasive urine sample,
あるいはその他の種類の
before you even leave the doctor's office.
状況を想像してください
dramatically reduce the number of people
網の目から漏れてしまう
of an early-stage cancer diagnosis.
of engineers and biochemists
activate an early-stage cancer alarm
方法を開発することで
that would start when a person is healthy
to stop cancer the moment it emerges,
それが初期以降に発展する前に
beyond its infancy.
取れるようにするのです
are tiny vesicles,
これは「エクソソーム」と呼ばれ
by cells called exosomes.
小さな脱出ポッドのようなものです
for the development of cancer.
in just about every bodily fluid,
あらゆる体液に
for noninvasive liquid biopsies.
非常に魅力的です
these important biomarkers
迅速に選別する自動技術は
that we call nano-DLD
early-warning weapon, if you will,
nanometers in diameter.
ほどしかありません
of them into a single red blood cell.
1個の赤血球に収められるほどです
between a golf ball
ゴルフボールと
for unwanted cellular waste,
老廃物を含んだ小胞と考えられていましたが
that cells actually communicate
エクソソームを分泌し
collected from their cell of origin.
解明されました
into the receiving cell,
隣接細胞中に放出し
fundamental changes in gene expression --
変化を起こさせます
in the material of the mother cell,
由来する物質で包まれており
含んでいるので
of that cell's health and its origin.
遺伝子的情報を提供します
make exosomes invaluable messengers
エクソソームは 医師たちが
at the cellular level.
メッセンジャーとなります
intercept these messages
troublemakers within your body
叛乱を起こそうとしているかを
screening is so critical
technologies to make this possible.
している理由でもあります
emerged on the market just this year,
診断法が今年市場に登場しましたが
of mainstream healthcare options.
主流ではありません
their widespread adoption
exosome isolation system exists
economically accessible.
現存しないことです
for exosome isolation
エクソソーム分離方法は
expensive laboratory equipment,
to process a sample.
必要とします
for achieving automated exosome isolation
自動的にエクソソーム分離をするという
separation technique
「決定的側方変位(DLD)」法 と呼ばれる
so successfully for the past 50 years.
成し遂げたことを達成しました
of this technology
to the true nanoscale.
separated by nanoscopic gaps
並んだ小さな柱が
the fluid into streamlines,
nanoparticles being separated
from the smaller, healthier ones,
ジグザグに進む
in a zigzag-type motion
of these two particle populations.
完全に分離することができます
that separates into two roads,
a low-clearance tunnel under a mountain,
can go through the tunnel
carrying potentially hazardous material,
by size and contents
大きさと内容物によって
on a much, much smaller scale.
これをぐっと縮小したものです
the separation process for screening
診断のための分離プロセスは
a sample of urine, blood or saliva,
簡単になるでしょう
within the next few years.
短期的な見通しです
to isolate and detect target exosomes
a particular type of cancer,
their presence within minutes.
感知し知らせます
virtually painless.
非常に簡単にします
and enrich biomarkers
ナノスケールの正確さで
in an automated way,
分離し、濃縮します
diseases such as cancer,
from sample preparation to diagnostics,
monitoring to therapeutics.
更に深める扉を開くでしょう
the automation of this process --
身近なものにするのは私の夢でした
made the automobile accessible
ライン生産方式を用いて
and a car in every garage,"
全てのガレージに車を」の精神に則って
an early-warning cancer detection system
every man, woman and child
すべての人々が
while they're still healthy,
がんをその萌芽期に
avoid the high costs --
こんにちがん患者たちが払う—
we caught my wife's cancer early,
早期にがんを発見できたお陰で
for everyone with a cancer diagnosis.
そうなって欲しいと思っています
has already done
バイオマーカー分離技術で
that within the next decade,
our family and future generations.
守ってくれているでしょう
as to be diagnosed with cancer,
will provide a strong beacon of hope.
灯してくれるでしょう
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Smith - Cancer fighterMotivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis.
Why you should listen
As a research scientist and technical team lead for IBM's Nanobiotechnology Program, Dr. Joshua Smith researches innovative healthcare technologies at the intersection of engineering and biology to better understand disease progression.
Smith's team recently developed a chip-based solution that can rapidly isolate biomarkers as small as 20 nanometers to help identify cancer development even before symptoms occur. He is a sought-after speaker on the subject of lab-on-a-chip applications for healthcare and his work has been highlighted by Forbes, CNN Money, IEEE Spectrum and Pharma Technology Focus, among other media outlets. As a Research Staff Member and IBM Master Inventor, Smith has co-authored more than a dozen peer-reviewed scientific publications and is a co-inventor of more than 30 issued patents.
Currently, Smith is focusing on the development of a suite of core capabilities to manipulate, separate and detect individual macromolecules, providing a technological backbone for automation in sample preparation, diagnostics and therapeutics. When not with his colleagues in the lab, Smith enjoys teaching tomorrow's researchers and engineers at Columbia University.
Joshua Smith | Speaker | TED.com