TEDxUSC
Doris Kim Sung: Metal that breathes
Doris Kim Sung: Metal koji diše
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
1,255,735 views
Moderne zgrade sa prozorima od poda do plafona pružaju predivne poglede, ali zahtevaju mnogo energije da se rashlade. Doris Kim Sung radi sa termo-bimetalima, pametnim metalima koji se više ponašaju kao ljudska koža, dinamično i koji su osetljivi na promene, mogu zamračiti prostoriju i sami se provetravati.
Doris Kim Sung - Architect
Doris Kim Sung is a biology student turned architect interested in thermo-bimetals, smart materials that respond dynamically to temperature change. Full bio
Doris Kim Sung is a biology student turned architect interested in thermo-bimetals, smart materials that respond dynamically to temperature change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I was one of those kids that, every time I got in the car,
0
737
3351
Bila sam jedno od one dece koje je,
svaki put kada uđe u auto,
svaki put kada uđe u auto,
00:19
I basically had to roll down the window.
1
4088
2943
moralo da spusti prozor.
00:22
It was usually too hot, too stuffy or just too smelly,
2
7031
4212
Obično je bilo previše vruće,
previše zagušljivo ili smrdljivo,
previše zagušljivo ili smrdljivo,
00:27
and my father would not let us use the air conditioner.
3
11243
2354
a moj otac nam nije dopuštao
da koristimo klimu.
da koristimo klimu.
00:29
He said that it would overheat the engine.
4
13597
2757
Govorio je da će to pregrejati motor.
00:32
And you might remember, some of you,
5
16354
1648
Možete da se setite, makar neki od vas,
00:33
how the cars were back then, and it was
6
18002
1900
kakvi su bili automobili tada i bio je to
00:35
a common problem of overheating.
7
19902
2366
uobičajeni problem pregrevanja.
00:38
But it was also the signal that capped the use,
8
22268
4020
To je bio signal koji je upućivao na upotrebu
00:42
or overuse, of energy-consuming devices.
9
26288
4422
ili preteranu upotrebu električnih uređaja.
00:46
Things have changed now. We have cars that we take across country.
10
30710
3039
Sada su se stvari promenile.
Imamo automobile koje vozimo širom zemlje.
Imamo automobile koje vozimo širom zemlje.
00:49
We blast the air conditioning the entire way,
11
33749
3161
Koristimo klimu tokom čitavog puta
00:52
and we never experience overheating.
12
36910
1576
i nikada se ne susrećemo sa pregrevanjem.
00:54
So there's no more signal for us to tell us to stop.
13
38486
2987
Više nema signala koji bi nas upozorio
da stanemo.
da stanemo.
00:57
Great, right? Well, we have similar problems in buildings.
14
41473
5618
Sjajno, zar ne?
Imamo slične probleme u zgradama.
Imamo slične probleme u zgradama.
01:02
In the past, before air conditioning, we had thick walls.
15
47091
3466
U prošlosti, pre klima uređaja,
imali smo debele zidove.
imali smo debele zidove.
01:06
The thick walls are great for insulation. It keeps the interior
16
50557
2679
Debeli zidovi su sjajna izolacija.
Oni održavaju enterijer
Oni održavaju enterijer
01:09
very cool during the summertime, and warm during the wintertime,
17
53236
3518
jako hladnim tokom leta
i toplim tokom zime,
i toplim tokom zime,
01:12
and the small windows were also very good because
18
56754
2400
a mali prozori su takođe bili jako dobri
01:15
it limited the amount of temperature transfer
19
59154
2591
zato što su ograničavali razmenu toplote
01:17
between the interior and exterior.
20
61745
2467
između enterijera i eksterijera.
01:20
Then in about the 1930s, with the advent of plate glass,
21
64212
3872
Onda, tokom 1930-ih,
sa napretkom u staklenim panelima,
sa napretkom u staklenim panelima,
01:23
rolled steel and mass production, we were able
22
68084
3396
valjanom čeliku i masovnoj proizvodnji,
mogli smo
mogli smo
01:27
to make floor-to-ceiling windows and unobstructed views,
23
71480
3450
da napravimo prozore od poda do plafona
i neometane poglede,
i neometane poglede,
01:30
and with that came the irreversible reliance on
24
74930
3726
a zajedno sa tim je došlo
i nepovratno oslanjanje na
i nepovratno oslanjanje na
01:34
mechanical air conditioning to cool our solar-heated spaces.
25
78656
6581
mehaničke klima uređaje
da hlade naše solarno zagrevane prostore.
da hlade naše solarno zagrevane prostore.
01:41
Over time, the buildings got taller and bigger,
26
85237
3104
Tokom vremena,
građevine su postajale više i više,
građevine su postajale više i više,
01:44
our engineering even better, so that the mechanical systems
27
88341
2641
naše projektovanje sve bolje,
tako da su mehanički sistemi
tako da su mehanički sistemi
01:46
were massive. They require a huge amount of energy.
28
90982
3874
postali masivni.
Oni zahtevaju ogromne količine energije.
Oni zahtevaju ogromne količine energije.
01:50
They give off a lot of heat into the atmosphere,
29
94856
2759
Oni odaju mnogo toplote u atmosferu
01:53
and for some of you may understand the heat island effect
30
97615
3200
i neki od vas mogu razumeti
efekat termalnog ostrva
efekat termalnog ostrva
01:56
in cities, where the urban areas are much more warm
31
100815
3510
u gradovima, gde su urbane oblasti
mnogo toplije
mnogo toplije
02:00
than the adjacent rural areas,
32
104325
2950
nego okolne ruralne oblasti,
02:03
but we also have problems that, when we lose power,
33
107275
3254
ali takođe imamo i problem da,
kada nestane struje,
kada nestane struje,
02:06
we can't open a window here, and so
34
110529
2761
ne možemo tu otvoriti prozor i tako
02:09
the buildings are uninhabitable and have to be made vacant
35
113290
2814
su zgrade nenastanjive i moraju biti prazne
02:12
until that air conditioning system can start up again.
36
116104
3648
sve dok sistemi klima uređaja
ne počnu da rade ponovo.
ne počnu da rade ponovo.
02:15
Even worse, with our intention of trying to make buildings
37
119752
4055
Što je još gore,
naša namera da učinimo zgrade
naša namera da učinimo zgrade
02:19
move towards a net-zero energy state, we can't do it
38
123807
4985
energetski neutralnim je nemoguća
02:24
just by making mechanical systems more and more efficient.
39
128792
2367
pukim podizanjem energetske efikasnosti
mehaničkih sistema.
mehaničkih sistema.
02:27
We need to look for something else, and we've gotten ourselves a little bit into a rut.
40
131159
3778
Moramo potražiti nešto drugo
i tu upadamo u kolotečinu.
i tu upadamo u kolotečinu.
02:30
So what do we do here? How do we pull ourselves and dig us
41
134937
4251
Šta da uradimo?
Kako da se iz toga izvučemo
Kako da se iz toga izvučemo
02:35
out of this hole that we've dug?
42
139188
2851
i izađemo?
02:37
If we look at biology, and many of you probably don't know,
43
142039
2909
Ako se osvrnemo na biologiju,
a većina vas verovatno ne zna
a većina vas verovatno ne zna
02:40
I was a biology major before I went into architecture,
44
144948
3656
da sam diplomirala biologiju
a zatim arhitekturu,
a zatim arhitekturu,
02:44
the human skin is the organ that naturally regulates
45
148604
4389
ljudska koža je organ
koji prirodno reguliše
koji prirodno reguliše
02:48
the temperature in the body, and it's a fantastic thing.
46
152993
3436
temperaturu tela i to je jedna
fantastična stvar.
fantastična stvar.
02:52
That's the first line of defense for the body.
47
156429
2615
To je prva linija odbrane naših tela.
02:54
It has pores, it has sweat glands, it has all these things
48
159044
3209
Ima pore, znojne žlezde, sve ove stvari
02:58
that work together very dynamically and very efficiently,
49
162253
3418
koje rade zajedno,
veoma dinamično i efikasno
veoma dinamično i efikasno
03:01
and so what I propose is that our building skins
50
165671
2504
i zato je ono što predlažem
da kože naših zgrada
da kože naših zgrada
03:04
should be more similar to human skin,
51
168175
3649
treba da budu više nalik ljudskoj koži
03:07
and by doing so can be much more dynamic, responsive
52
171824
4112
i na taj način one mogu biti
mnogo dinamičnije, osetljivije
mnogo dinamičnije, osetljivije
03:11
and differentiated, depending on where it is.
53
175936
3256
i različite, u zavisnosti od toga
gde se ta zgrada nalazi.
gde se ta zgrada nalazi.
03:15
And this gets me back to my research.
54
179192
1933
Ovo me vraća na moje istraživanje.
03:17
What I proposed first doing is looking at a different material palette to do that.
55
181125
5310
Predložila sam da se prvo uradi
pregled različitih paleta materijala za to.
pregled različitih paleta materijala za to.
03:22
I presently, or currently, work with smart materials,
56
186435
2911
Trenutno, radim sa pametnim materijalima
03:25
and a smart thermo-bimetal.
57
189346
1719
i pametnim bimetalima.
03:26
First of all, I guess we call it smart because it requires
58
191065
2912
Pre svega, pretpostavljam da ih nazivamo pametnim
zato što ne zahtevaju
zato što ne zahtevaju
03:29
no controls and it requires no energy,
59
193977
2730
nikakvu kontrolu niti zahtevaju energiju,
03:32
and that's a very big deal for architecture.
60
196707
2663
a to je za arhitekturu velika stvar.
03:35
What it is, it's a lamination of two different metals together.
61
199370
2814
To su spojeni slojevi dva različita metala.
03:38
You can see that here by the different reflection on this side.
62
202184
3874
Možete to videti ovde
kroz različitu refleksiju na obe strane.
kroz različitu refleksiju na obe strane.
03:41
And because it has two different coefficients of expansion,
63
206058
3475
Zato što ima dva različita koeficijenta širenja,
03:45
when heated, one side will expand faster than the other
64
209533
3297
kada se zagreje,
jedna strana će se širiti brže od druge
jedna strana će se širiti brže od druge
03:48
and result in a curling action.
65
212830
3537
i kao rezultat dobićemo uvijanje.
03:52
So in early prototypes I built these surfaces to try to see
66
216367
3706
U ranim prototipovima pravila sam ove površine
da bih pokušala da vidim
da bih pokušala da vidim
03:55
how the curl would react to temperature and possibly allow
67
220073
4193
kako bi uvojak reagovao na temperaturu
i možda dozvolio
i možda dozvolio
04:00
air to ventilate through the system,
68
224266
3105
vazduhu da cirkuliše kroz sistem,
04:03
and in other prototypes did surfaces where the multiplicity
69
227371
3229
a u ostalim sam pravila površine gde je
04:06
of having these strips together can try to make
70
230600
2481
mnogostrukost ovih slojeva
trebalo da omogući
trebalo da omogući
04:08
bigger movement happen when also heated,
71
233081
4074
nastanak većih pokreta prilikom zagrevanja
04:13
and currently have this installation at the Materials & Applications gallery
72
237155
4064
i trenutno imam ovu instalaciju
u galeriji "Materijali i aplikacije"
u galeriji "Materijali i aplikacije"
04:17
in Silver Lake, close by, and it's there until August, if you want to see it.
73
241219
3486
u Silver Lejku, u blizini i tamo će biti do avgusta,
ako želite da je vidite.
ako želite da je vidite.
04:20
It's called "Bloom," and the surface is made completely
74
244705
2898
Nazvana je "Cvetanje" i površina je
u potpunosti napravljena
u potpunosti napravljena
04:23
out of thermo-bimetal, and its intention is to make this canopy
75
247603
4040
od ovih termo-bimetala,
sa namerom je da napravi baldahin
sa namerom je da napravi baldahin
04:27
that does two things. One, it's a sun-shading device, so that
76
251643
3817
koji radi dve stvari.
Prvo, to je uređaj koji zaklanja sunce,
Prvo, to je uređaj koji zaklanja sunce,
04:31
when the sun hits the surface, it constricts the amount of sun passing through,
77
255460
4010
kada sunce obasja površinu,
ograničava količinu prolaska sunčeve svetlosti,
ograničava količinu prolaska sunčeve svetlosti,
04:35
and in other areas, it's a ventilating system,
78
259470
3369
a u ostalim delovima,
to je ventilacioni sistem,
to je ventilacioni sistem,
04:38
so that hot, trapped air underneath can actually
79
262839
2153
tako da vreo, zarobljen vazduh ispod,
zapravo može
zapravo može
04:40
move through and out when necessary.
80
264992
3878
da prolazi kroz njega i napolje
kada je to neophodno.
kada je to neophodno.
04:44
You can see here in this time-lapse video that the sun,
81
268870
4131
Na ovom ubrzanom snimku
možete videti sunce
možete videti sunce
04:48
as it moves across the surface, as well as the shade,
82
273001
2746
kako se pomera preko površine,
isto kao i senka,
isto kao i senka,
04:51
each of the tiles moves individually.
83
275747
2476
tako se svaka pločica pomera zasebno.
04:54
Keep in mind, with the digital technology that we have today,
84
278223
2512
Imajte na umu, da sa digitalnim tehnologijama
koje danas imamo,
koje danas imamo,
04:56
this thing was made out of about 14,000 pieces
85
280735
3013
ova stvar je napravljena od oko 14 000 delova
04:59
and there's no two pieces alike at all. Every single one is different.
86
283748
4729
i uopšte ne postoje dva potpuno ista dela.
Svaki deo je različit.
Svaki deo je različit.
05:04
And the great thing with that is the fact that we can calibrate
87
288477
2512
Sjajna stvar u vezi sa tim je
da možete da kalibrišete svaki od njih
da možete da kalibrišete svaki od njih
05:06
each one to be very, very specific to its location,
88
290989
3999
da bude veoma specifičan
prema svojoj lokaciji,
prema svojoj lokaciji,
05:10
to the angle of the sun, and also how the thing actually curls.
89
294988
4946
prema uglu sunca i prema načinu
na koji se uvija.
na koji se uvija.
05:15
So this kind of proof of concept project
90
299934
2806
Dokaz ovog konceptualnog projekta
05:18
has a lot of implications
91
302740
1964
ima mnoštvo implikacija
05:20
to actual future application in architecture,
92
304704
3700
u stvarnim budućim primenama u arhitekturi
05:24
and in this case, here you see a house,
93
308404
2505
i u ovom slučaju, ovde možete videti kuću
05:26
that's for a developer in China,
94
310909
2433
za jednog graditelja u Kini,
05:29
and it's actually a four-story glass box.
95
313342
2744
u stvari, to je četvorospratna staklena kutija.
05:31
It's still with that glass box because we still want that visual access,
96
316086
3837
To je još uvek staklena kutija
jer želimo taj vizuelni pristup,
jer želimo taj vizuelni pristup,
05:35
but now it's sheathed with this thermo-bimetal layer,
97
319923
3882
ali sada je prekrivena ovim
termo-bimetalnim slojem,
termo-bimetalnim slojem,
05:39
it's a screen that goes around it, and that layer can actually
98
323805
2465
to je zaštita koja se proteže oko nje
i taj sloj zapravo može
i taj sloj zapravo može
05:42
open and close as that sun moves around on that surface.
99
326270
4028
da se otvori i zatvori
prema kretanju sunca preko te površine.
prema kretanju sunca preko te površine.
05:46
In addition to that, it can also screen areas for privacy,
100
330298
4562
Može još i da zaštiti delove radi privatnosti,
05:50
so that it can differentiate from some of the public areas
101
334860
2296
tako da može da napravi razliku
između nekih javnih mesta
između nekih javnih mesta
05:53
in the space during different times of day.
102
337156
2592
u prostoru tokom različitih delova dana.
05:55
And what it basically implies is that, in houses now,
103
339748
3263
Ovo ima za posledicu da sada u kućama
05:58
we don't need drapes or shutters or blinds anymore
104
343011
3417
nema potrebe za draperijama i roletnama,
06:02
because we can sheath the building with these things,
105
346428
2167
zato što možemo da obložimo zgradu
ovim stvarima,
ovim stvarima,
06:04
as well as control the amount of air conditioning you need inside that building.
106
348595
5567
kao i da kontrolišemo stepen klimatizacije
neophodan u njoj.
neophodan u njoj.
06:10
I'm also looking at trying to develop some building components for the market,
107
354162
3389
Takođe pokušavam da razvijem neke
građevinske komponente za tržište,
građevinske komponente za tržište,
06:13
and so here you see a pretty typical
108
357551
2489
tako da ovde vidite prilično tipičan
06:15
double-glazed window panel, and in that panel,
109
360040
4731
dvoslojni panel prozora, a u tom panelu,
06:20
between those two pieces of glass, that double-glazing,
110
364771
2927
između ta dva dela, dva sloja stakla,
06:23
I'm trying to work on making
111
367698
2177
pokušavam da napravim
06:25
a thermo-bimetal pattern system
112
369875
2069
termo-bimetalni strukturni sistem
06:27
so that when the sun hits that outside layer
113
371944
2672
tako da, kada sunce pogodi spoljni sloj
06:30
and heats that interior cavity, that thermo-bimetal
114
374616
4644
i zagreje unutrašnju šupljinu,
taj termo-bimetal
taj termo-bimetal
06:35
will begin to curl, and what actually will happen then
115
379260
2776
će početi da se uvija i
ono što će se tada desiti je
ono što će se tada desiti je
06:37
is it'll start to block out the sun
116
382036
2303
da će početi da blokira sunce
06:40
in certain areas of the building,
117
384339
1874
u određenim delovima zgrade
06:42
and totally, if necessary.
118
386213
1941
ili potpuno, ukoliko je neophodno.
06:44
And so you can imagine, even in this application, that
119
388154
2508
Možete da zamislite, čak i u ovoj primeni,
06:46
in a high-rise building where the panel systems go
120
390662
2677
u visokim zgradama
gde se sistemi panela protežu
gde se sistemi panela protežu
06:49
from floor to floor up to 30, 40 floors, the entire surface
121
393339
4767
od sprata do sprata sa 30, 40 spratova,
čitava površina
čitava površina
06:54
could be differentiated at different times of day
122
398106
2190
može biti različita tokom različitih doba dana
06:56
depending on how that sun moves across and hits that surface.
123
400296
5459
u zavisnosti od toga kako se
sunce pomera i pogađa tu površinu.
sunce pomera i pogađa tu površinu.
07:01
And these are some later studies that I'm working on
124
405755
2819
Ovo su neke kasnije studije
na kojima sada radim
na kojima sada radim
07:04
right now that are on the boards, where you can see,
125
408574
2264
i koje su na tabli, možete da vidite
07:06
in the bottom right-hand corner, with the red, it's actually
126
410838
3341
u donjem desnom uglu, označeno crvenim,
07:10
smaller pieces of thermometal, and it's actually going to,
127
414179
2278
to su zapravo komadići termo-metala
koje pokušavamo
koje pokušavamo
07:12
we're trying to make it move like cilia or eyelashes.
128
416457
5246
da nateramo da se kreću poput cilije ili trepavica.
07:17
This last project is also of components.
129
421703
2482
Ovaj poslednji projekat je takođe
sačinjen od komponenti.
sačinjen od komponenti.
07:20
The influence -- and if you have noticed, one of my
130
424185
3857
Uticaj je - a ako ste primetili, jedna od mojih
07:23
spheres of influence is biology -- is from a grasshopper.
131
428042
3576
sfera uticaja je biologija -od skakavca.
07:27
And grasshoppers have a different kind of breathing system.
132
431618
2607
Skakavci imaju različit sistem za disanje.
07:30
They breathe through holes in their sides called spiracles,
133
434225
3402
Oni dišu kroz oduške,
rupe na njihovim stranama tela
rupe na njihovim stranama tela
07:33
and they bring the air through and it moves through their system to cool them down,
134
437627
3490
koje uvlače vazduh koji se kreće kroz njih
da bi se rashladili
da bi se rashladili
07:37
and so in this project, I'm trying to look at how we can
135
441117
3382
i u ovom projektu,
pokušavam da vidim kako to možemo
pokušavam da vidim kako to možemo
07:40
consider that in architecture too, how we can bring
136
444499
2182
da primenimo u arhitekturi,
kako možemo da unesemo
kako možemo da unesemo
07:42
air through holes in the sides of a building.
137
446681
2666
vazduh kroz rupe na stranama zgrade.
07:45
And so you see here some early studies of blocks,
138
449347
2973
Ovde možete da vidite neke
rane studije blokova,
rane studije blokova,
07:48
where those holes are actually coming through,
139
452320
2513
gde te rupe zapravo prolaze,
07:50
and this is before the thermo-bimetal is applied,
140
454833
3720
a ovo je pre primene termo-bimetala
07:54
and this is after the bimetal is applied. Sorry, it's a little
141
458553
2699
i nakon primene bimetala.
Žao mi je, pomalo je teško videti,
Žao mi je, pomalo je teško videti,
07:57
hard to see, but on the surfaces, you can see these red arrows.
142
461252
3208
ali na površinama možete videti
ove crvene strelice.
ove crvene strelice.
08:00
On the left, it's when it's cold and the thermo-bimetal
143
464460
3178
Na levoj strani, to je kada je hladno
i kada je termo-bimetal ravan,
i kada je termo-bimetal ravan,
08:03
is flat so it will constrict air from passing through the blocks,
144
467638
3602
tako da će da sprečiti prolazak
vazduha kroz blokove,
vazduha kroz blokove,
08:07
and on the right, the thermo-bimetal curls
145
471240
2040
a na desnoj strani, termo-bimetal se uvija
08:09
and allows that air to pass through, so those are two different
146
473280
3546
i dozvoljava vazduhu da prođe,
dakle to su dve različite komponente
dakle to su dve različite komponente
08:12
components that I'm working on, and again,
147
476826
1816
na kojima radim
08:14
it's a completely different thing, because you can imagine
148
478642
2312
i to je potpuno različita stvar,
zato što možete zamisliti
zato što možete zamisliti
08:16
that air could potentially be coming through the walls
149
480954
2727
da bi vazduh potencijalno mogao
da prolazi kroz zidove
da prolazi kroz zidove
08:19
instead of opening windows.
150
483681
2881
umesto da otvaramo prozore.
08:22
So I want to leave you with one last impression about
151
486562
2688
Želim da vas napustim
sa poslednjim utiskom
sa poslednjim utiskom
08:25
the project, or this kind of work and using smart materials.
152
489250
4380
o ovom projektu upotrebe
pametnih materijala.
pametnih materijala.
08:29
When you're tired of opening and closing those blinds
153
493630
3180
Kada ste umorni od otvaranja
i zatvaranja tih roletni
i zatvaranja tih roletni
08:32
day after day, when you're on vacation
154
496810
2993
dan za danom, kada ste na odmoru
08:35
and there's no one there on the weekends to be turning off and on the controls,
155
499803
4039
i nema nikoga ko će tokom vikenda
uključivati i isključivati kontrole
uključivati i isključivati kontrole
08:39
or when there's a power outage, and you have
156
503842
2355
ili kada nestane struje i nemate
08:42
no electricity to rely on, these thermo-bimetals
157
506197
3021
struju na koju bi se oslonili,
ovi termo-bimetali
ovi termo-bimetali
08:45
will still be working tirelessly, efficiently
158
509218
3998
će još uvek raditi neumorno, efikasno
08:49
and endlessly. Thank you. (Applause)
159
513216
3306
i beskrajno. Hvala.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
08:52
(Applause)
160
516522
2792
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Doris Kim Sung - ArchitectDoris Kim Sung is a biology student turned architect interested in thermo-bimetals, smart materials that respond dynamically to temperature change.
Why you should listen
Architect Doris Kim Sung asks: Why can't building materials be more adaptable? Why can't they function more like clothing, or even human skin? Having studied biology at Princeton University intending to go to medical school, Sung applies principles of biology to her work as an assistant professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. She explores architecture as an extension of the body, challenging the notion that buildings ought to be static and climate-controlled. Rather, they should be able to adapt to their environment through self-ventilation. In November 2011, Sung exhibited her art installation "Bloom" in Silver Lake, Los Angeles. The installation is 20 feet tall and made with 14,000 completely unique pieces of thermo-bimetal, a smart material made of two different metals laminated together. This metal is dynamic and responsive, curling as air temperatures rise, resulting in a beautiful sculpture that breathes.
Doris Kim Sung | Speaker | TED.com