TEDxUSC
Doris Kim Sung: Metal that breathes
Doris Kim Sung: Metal koji diše
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Moderne zgrade s prozorima od poda do stropa pružaju spektakularne poglede, ali zahtijevaju mnogo energije za hlađenje. Doris Kim Sung radi s termo-bimetalima, pametnim materijalima koji se ponašaju poput ljudske kože, dinamični su, reagiraju i mogu zakloniti sobu od sunca te sami je prozračivaju.
Doris Kim Sung - Architect
Doris Kim Sung is a biology student turned architect interested in thermo-bimetals, smart materials that respond dynamically to temperature change. Full bio
Doris Kim Sung is a biology student turned architect interested in thermo-bimetals, smart materials that respond dynamically to temperature change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I was one of those kids that, every time I got in the car,
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Bila sam jedna od one djece
koja su morala spustiti prozor
koja su morala spustiti prozor
00:19
I basically had to roll down the window.
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svaki put kad bi bila u autu.
00:22
It was usually too hot, too stuffy or just too smelly,
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Obično je bilo prevruće,
pretijesno ili jednostavno prezagušljivo,
pretijesno ili jednostavno prezagušljivo,
00:27
and my father would not let us use the air conditioner.
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a moj nam otac nije dao da koristimo klimu.
00:29
He said that it would overheat the engine.
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Rekao je da bi to pregrijalo motor.
00:32
And you might remember, some of you,
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Možda se neki od vas sjećaju
00:33
how the cars were back then, and it was
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kakvi su auti bili tada,
00:35
a common problem of overheating.
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problem pregrijavanja bio je čest.
00:38
But it was also the signal that capped the use,
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Ali to je bio i signal koji je ograničio korištenje,
00:42
or overuse, of energy-consuming devices.
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odnosno pretjerano korištenje
uređaja koji troše energiju.
uređaja koji troše energiju.
00:46
Things have changed now. We have cars that we take across country.
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Stvari su se sada promijenile. Imamo aute
kojima putujemo na drugi kraj zemlje.
kojima putujemo na drugi kraj zemlje.
00:49
We blast the air conditioning the entire way,
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Raspalimo klimu cijelim putem
00:52
and we never experience overheating.
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i motor se nikada ne pregrije.
00:54
So there's no more signal for us to tell us to stop.
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Dakle, nema više signala
koji nam govori da stanemo.
koji nam govori da stanemo.
00:57
Great, right? Well, we have similar problems in buildings.
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Odlično, zar ne? Slične probleme imamo u zgradama.
01:02
In the past, before air conditioning, we had thick walls.
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U prošlosti, prije klima uređaja,
imali smo debele zidove
imali smo debele zidove
01:06
The thick walls are great for insulation. It keeps the interior
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koji su odlični za izolaciju. Održavaju unutrašnjost
01:09
very cool during the summertime, and warm during the wintertime,
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vrlo hladnom tijekom ljeta, a toplom tijekom zime.
01:12
and the small windows were also very good because
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Mali prozori su također bili jako dobri
01:15
it limited the amount of temperature transfer
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jer su ograničavali prijelaz topline
01:17
between the interior and exterior.
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između unutrašnjosti i okoline.
01:20
Then in about the 1930s, with the advent of plate glass,
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Negdje 1930-ih, s pojavom staklenih ploča,
01:23
rolled steel and mass production, we were able
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valjanih limova i masovne proizvodnje, mogli smo
01:27
to make floor-to-ceiling windows and unobstructed views,
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napraviti prozore od poda do stropa
i tako imati neometani pogled
i tako imati neometani pogled
01:30
and with that came the irreversible reliance on
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a s tim je došlo neizbježno oslanjanje
01:34
mechanical air conditioning to cool our solar-heated spaces.
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na klimatizacijske uređaje da ohlade
naše suncem ugrijane prostore.
naše suncem ugrijane prostore.
01:41
Over time, the buildings got taller and bigger,
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S vremenom, zgrade su postajale više i veće,
01:44
our engineering even better, so that the mechanical systems
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naše inženjerstvo još bolje,
tako da su mehanički sustavi
tako da su mehanički sustavi
01:46
were massive. They require a huge amount of energy.
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bili ogromni. Zahtijevaju ogromne količine energije.
01:50
They give off a lot of heat into the atmosphere,
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Prenose mnogo topline u atmosferu,
01:53
and for some of you may understand the heat island effect
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i neki od vas vjerojatno razumiju
efekt toplinskog otoka
efekt toplinskog otoka
01:56
in cities, where the urban areas are much more warm
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u gradovima, gdje su urbana područja mnogo toplija
02:00
than the adjacent rural areas,
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nego okolna ruralna područja,
02:03
but we also have problems that, when we lose power,
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ali također postoje problemi da, kad nestane struje,
02:06
we can't open a window here, and so
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ne možemo otvoriti prozor
02:09
the buildings are uninhabitable and have to be made vacant
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pa zgrade postaju nenaseljive i mora ih se napustiti
02:12
until that air conditioning system can start up again.
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dok se opet ne pokrene klimatizacijski sustav.
02:15
Even worse, with our intention of trying to make buildings
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Još gore, našu namjeru da zgrade učinimo
02:19
move towards a net-zero energy state, we can't do it
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nisko energetskim potrošačima ne možemo ostvariti
02:24
just by making mechanical systems more and more efficient.
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samo tako da mehaničke sustave
učinimo sve učinkovitijima.
učinimo sve učinkovitijima.
02:27
We need to look for something else, and we've gotten ourselves a little bit into a rut.
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Moramo potražiti nešto drugo,
a pomalo smo zapali u rutinu.
a pomalo smo zapali u rutinu.
02:30
So what do we do here? How do we pull ourselves and dig us
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Pa što da učinimo onda?
Kako da se osvijestimo
Kako da se osvijestimo
02:35
out of this hole that we've dug?
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i izađemo iz te rutine?
02:37
If we look at biology, and many of you probably don't know,
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Ako pogledamo biologiju,
a mnogi od vas vjerovatno ne znaju
a mnogi od vas vjerovatno ne znaju
02:40
I was a biology major before I went into architecture,
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da sam bila magistar biologije
prije nego sam se upustila u arhitekturu,
prije nego sam se upustila u arhitekturu,
02:44
the human skin is the organ that naturally regulates
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ljudska je koža organ koji prirodno regulira
02:48
the temperature in the body, and it's a fantastic thing.
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temperaturu tijela i to je fantastična stvar.
02:52
That's the first line of defense for the body.
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To je prva linija obrane našeg tijela.
02:54
It has pores, it has sweat glands, it has all these things
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Ima pore, znojne žlijezde i sve te stvari
02:58
that work together very dynamically and very efficiently,
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koje zajedno rade vrlo dinamično i vrlo učinkovito.
03:01
and so what I propose is that our building skins
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Stoga predlažem da bi pokrov naših zgrada
03:04
should be more similar to human skin,
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trebao biti sličniji ljudskoj koži,
03:07
and by doing so can be much more dynamic, responsive
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i tad će biti mnogo dinamičniji, osjetljiviji
03:11
and differentiated, depending on where it is.
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i razlikovati se, ovisno o tome gdje se nalazi.
03:15
And this gets me back to my research.
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To me dovodi natrag do mog istraživanja.
03:17
What I proposed first doing is looking at a different material palette to do that.
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Predložila sam da prvo pogledamo drugačiju
paletu materijala s kojima bismo to mogli postići.
paletu materijala s kojima bismo to mogli postići.
03:22
I presently, or currently, work with smart materials,
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Trenutno radim s pametnim materijalima,
03:25
and a smart thermo-bimetal.
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i pametnim termo-bimetalima.
03:26
First of all, I guess we call it smart because it requires
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Prije svega, pretpostavljam da ih možemo
zvati pametnima jer ne zahtijevaju
zvati pametnima jer ne zahtijevaju
03:29
no controls and it requires no energy,
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nikakvo upravljanje ili energiju,
03:32
and that's a very big deal for architecture.
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što je velika stvar za arhitekturu.
03:35
What it is, it's a lamination of two different metals together.
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Ovo je spoj dva različita metala.
03:38
You can see that here by the different reflection on this side.
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To možete vidjeti ovdje,
odsjaj je drugačiji na ovoj strani.
odsjaj je drugačiji na ovoj strani.
03:41
And because it has two different coefficients of expansion,
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Kako ima dva različita koeficijenta istezanja,
03:45
when heated, one side will expand faster than the other
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kad se zagrije, jedna strana
brže će se rasteći od druge
brže će se rasteći od druge
03:48
and result in a curling action.
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i rezultat će biti svijanje metala.
03:52
So in early prototypes I built these surfaces to try to see
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U prvim prototipovima izgradila sam
ove površine kako bih vidjela
ove površine kako bih vidjela
03:55
how the curl would react to temperature and possibly allow
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kako će savijeni metal reagirati
na temperaturu i možda dopustiti
na temperaturu i možda dopustiti
04:00
air to ventilate through the system,
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prolazak zraka kroz sustav,
04:03
and in other prototypes did surfaces where the multiplicity
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u drugim prototipovima
probala sam vidjeti mogu li površine
probala sam vidjeti mogu li površine
04:06
of having these strips together can try to make
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s većim brojem povezanih traka postići
04:08
bigger movement happen when also heated,
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veće pomake pri zagrijavanju,
04:13
and currently have this installation at the Materials & Applications gallery
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i trenutno se ova instalacija
nalazi u Galeriji za materijale i primjenu
nalazi u Galeriji za materijale i primjenu
04:17
in Silver Lake, close by, and it's there until August, if you want to see it.
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u Silver Lakeu, u blizini, i ondje je do kolovoza,
ukoliko je želite vidjeti.
ukoliko je želite vidjeti.
04:20
It's called "Bloom," and the surface is made completely
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Zove se "Cvat" i površina je u potpunosti sačinjena od
04:23
out of thermo-bimetal, and its intention is to make this canopy
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termo-bimetala, a zamisao je da se stvori platno
04:27
that does two things. One, it's a sun-shading device, so that
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koje čini dvije stvari. Jedna je da služi kao suncobran, tako da
04:31
when the sun hits the surface, it constricts the amount of sun passing through,
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ograniči količinu svjetlosti koja prolazi
kad sunce obasja njegovu površinu,
kad sunce obasja njegovu površinu,
04:35
and in other areas, it's a ventilating system,
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a s druge strane služi kao sustav za ventilaciju,
04:38
so that hot, trapped air underneath can actually
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tako da topao zrak ispod može zapravo
04:40
move through and out when necessary.
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proći i izaći van kad je to potrebno.
04:44
You can see here in this time-lapse video that the sun,
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U ovom ubrzanom videu možete vidjeti da na sunce,
04:48
as it moves across the surface, as well as the shade,
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koje prelazi preko povrišine, isto kao i na sjene,
04:51
each of the tiles moves individually.
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svaka traka reagira pojedinačno.
04:54
Keep in mind, with the digital technology that we have today,
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Imajte na umu da je s digitalnom tehnologijom koju imamo danas
04:56
this thing was made out of about 14,000 pieces
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ovo napravljeno od oko 14.000 dijelova
04:59
and there's no two pieces alike at all. Every single one is different.
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i ne postoje dva ista dijela. Svaki je drugačiji.
05:04
And the great thing with that is the fact that we can calibrate
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I odlično je što možemo kalibrirati
05:06
each one to be very, very specific to its location,
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svaku posebno da bude točno podešena
prema mjestu na kojem se nalazi,
prema mjestu na kojem se nalazi,
05:10
to the angle of the sun, and also how the thing actually curls.
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prema kutu smjera sunca,
a možemo odrediti i kako će se savijati.
a možemo odrediti i kako će se savijati.
05:15
So this kind of proof of concept project
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Stoga ova vrsta projekta provjere koncepta
05:18
has a lot of implications
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ima mnogo utjecaja
05:20
to actual future application in architecture,
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na buduću primjenu u arhitekturi,
05:24
and in this case, here you see a house,
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i u ovom slučaju vidite kuću,
05:26
that's for a developer in China,
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ona je za poduzetnika u Kini,
05:29
and it's actually a four-story glass box.
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i to je zapravo staklena kocka na četiri kata.
05:31
It's still with that glass box because we still want that visual access,
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Još uvijek se vidi da je staklena kocka
jer želimo imati pogled,
jer želimo imati pogled,
05:35
but now it's sheathed with this thermo-bimetal layer,
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ali obložena je slojem termo-bimetala.
05:39
it's a screen that goes around it, and that layer can actually
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To je zastor koji se omata
oko nje i taj se sloj može
oko nje i taj se sloj može
05:42
open and close as that sun moves around on that surface.
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otvarati i zatvarati kako sunce prolazi oko te površine.
05:46
In addition to that, it can also screen areas for privacy,
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Uz to, također može pregraditi
prostore radi privatnosti,
prostore radi privatnosti,
05:50
so that it can differentiate from some of the public areas
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tako da ih može odvojiti od javnih prostora
05:53
in the space during different times of day.
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tijekom različitih dijelova dana.
05:55
And what it basically implies is that, in houses now,
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U suštini to implicira da u kućama sada
05:58
we don't need drapes or shutters or blinds anymore
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više ne trebamo zavjese, grilje ili rolete
06:02
because we can sheath the building with these things,
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jer možemo obložiti zgradu ovakvim stvarima
06:04
as well as control the amount of air conditioning you need inside that building.
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te kontrolirati količinu klimatizacije
potrebne unutar zgrade.
potrebne unutar zgrade.
06:10
I'm also looking at trying to develop some building components for the market,
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Također pokušavam razviti
neke građevinske komponente za tržište.
neke građevinske komponente za tržište.
06:13
and so here you see a pretty typical
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Ovdje vidite prilično običan
06:15
double-glazed window panel, and in that panel,
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panel s dvostrukim staklom i u tom panelu,
06:20
between those two pieces of glass, that double-glazing,
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između ta dva stakla,
06:23
I'm trying to work on making
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pokušavam postaviti
06:25
a thermo-bimetal pattern system
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termo-bimetalni sustav,
06:27
so that when the sun hits that outside layer
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u kojem će se kad sunce obasja vanjski sloj
06:30
and heats that interior cavity, that thermo-bimetal
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i zagrije tu unutrašnju prazninu, taj termo-bimetal
06:35
will begin to curl, and what actually will happen then
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početi savijati i na taj način
06:37
is it'll start to block out the sun
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zakloniti sunce
06:40
in certain areas of the building,
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u određenim dijelovima zgrade,
06:42
and totally, if necessary.
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ili u potpunosti, ako je to potrebno.
06:44
And so you can imagine, even in this application, that
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Možete zamisliti, čak i u ovoj primjeni, da se
06:46
in a high-rise building where the panel systems go
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u visokim neboderima gdje se paneli protežu
06:49
from floor to floor up to 30, 40 floors, the entire surface
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od kata do kata, čak po 30, 40 katova,
čitava površina
čitava površina
06:54
could be differentiated at different times of day
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može razlikovati u različitim dijelovima dana
06:56
depending on how that sun moves across and hits that surface.
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ovisno o tome kako se sunce kreće
i obasjava tu površinu.
i obasjava tu površinu.
07:01
And these are some later studies that I'm working on
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Ovdje možete vidjeti zadnja istraživanja
07:04
right now that are on the boards, where you can see,
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na kojima trenutno radim.
07:06
in the bottom right-hand corner, with the red, it's actually
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U donjem desnom kutu, ovo crveno su zapravo
07:10
smaller pieces of thermometal, and it's actually going to,
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mali komadi termometala i mi pokušavamo postići
07:12
we're trying to make it move like cilia or eyelashes.
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da se kreće poput cilija ili trepavica.
07:17
This last project is also of components.
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Ovaj posljednji projekt također se tiče komponenata.
07:20
The influence -- and if you have noticed, one of my
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Utjecaj je - možda ste već primijetili, jedna od mojih
07:23
spheres of influence is biology -- is from a grasshopper.
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utjecajnih sfera je biologija - došao od skakavaca.
07:27
And grasshoppers have a different kind of breathing system.
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Skakavci imaju drugačiji dišni sustav od našeg.
07:30
They breathe through holes in their sides called spiracles,
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Oni dišu preko otvora na bokovima
koji se zovu stigme,
koji se zovu stigme,
07:33
and they bring the air through and it moves through their system to cool them down,
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preko njih zrak ulazi
i prolazi kroz njihov sustav te ih hladi.
i prolazi kroz njihov sustav te ih hladi.
07:37
and so in this project, I'm trying to look at how we can
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U ovom projektu, proučavam kako
07:40
consider that in architecture too, how we can bring
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primijeniti to u arhitekturi, kako dovesti
07:42
air through holes in the sides of a building.
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zrak preko otvora na stranama zgrada.
07:45
And so you see here some early studies of blocks,
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Ovdje vidite neka rana proučavanja blokova,
07:48
where those holes are actually coming through,
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kroz koje rupe zapravo prolaze u cijelosti,
07:50
and this is before the thermo-bimetal is applied,
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i ovo je prije nego se primijeni termo-bimetal,
07:54
and this is after the bimetal is applied. Sorry, it's a little
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a ovo je nakon njegove primjene.
Ispričavam se, malo je
Ispričavam se, malo je
07:57
hard to see, but on the surfaces, you can see these red arrows.
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teško primijetiti, ali na površini
možete vidjeti ove crvene strelice.
možete vidjeti ove crvene strelice.
08:00
On the left, it's when it's cold and the thermo-bimetal
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Lijevo je prikaz kad je hladno, tada je termo-bimetal
08:03
is flat so it will constrict air from passing through the blocks,
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ravan pa sprečava prolazak zraka kroz blokove,
08:07
and on the right, the thermo-bimetal curls
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a desno se termo-bimetal savija
08:09
and allows that air to pass through, so those are two different
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i dozvoljava zraku da prođe. To su dvije različite
08:12
components that I'm working on, and again,
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komponente na kojima radim, i to je opet
08:14
it's a completely different thing, because you can imagine
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sasvim druga stvar, jer možete zamisliti
08:16
that air could potentially be coming through the walls
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da bi zrak mogao dolaziti kroz zidove
08:19
instead of opening windows.
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umjesto kroz otvorene prozore.
08:22
So I want to leave you with one last impression about
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Želim vas ostaviti s još jedim posljednjim dojmom o
08:25
the project, or this kind of work and using smart materials.
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projektu, odnosno ovoj vrsti posla
i upotrebi pametnih materijala.
i upotrebi pametnih materijala.
08:29
When you're tired of opening and closing those blinds
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Kad se umorite od otvaranja i zatvaranja tih zastora
08:32
day after day, when you're on vacation
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dan za danom, kad ste na odmoru
08:35
and there's no one there on the weekends to be turning off and on the controls,
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i preko vikenda nema nikoga
da pali i gasi regulatore,
da pali i gasi regulatore,
08:39
or when there's a power outage, and you have
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ili kada nestane struje i nema
08:42
no electricity to rely on, these thermo-bimetals
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električne energije na koju se možete osloniti,
ovi termo-bimetali
ovi termo-bimetali
08:45
will still be working tirelessly, efficiently
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još uvijek će raditi neumorno, učinkovito
08:49
and endlessly. Thank you. (Applause)
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i neprestrano. Hvala. (Pljesak)
08:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Doris Kim Sung - ArchitectDoris Kim Sung is a biology student turned architect interested in thermo-bimetals, smart materials that respond dynamically to temperature change.
Why you should listen
Architect Doris Kim Sung asks: Why can't building materials be more adaptable? Why can't they function more like clothing, or even human skin? Having studied biology at Princeton University intending to go to medical school, Sung applies principles of biology to her work as an assistant professor of architecture at the University of Southern California. She explores architecture as an extension of the body, challenging the notion that buildings ought to be static and climate-controlled. Rather, they should be able to adapt to their environment through self-ventilation. In November 2011, Sung exhibited her art installation "Bloom" in Silver Lake, Los Angeles. The installation is 20 feet tall and made with 14,000 completely unique pieces of thermo-bimetal, a smart material made of two different metals laminated together. This metal is dynamic and responsive, curling as air temperatures rise, resulting in a beautiful sculpture that breathes.
Doris Kim Sung | Speaker | TED.com