TEDGlobal 2017
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim and Stephanie Busari: An interview with Mauritius's first female president
阿米娜·古里布-法基姆: 与毛里求斯的第一位女性总统的访谈
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阿米娜·古里布-法基姆曾是一位学者和企业家，而现在又成为了毛里求斯的总统—— 非洲第一位女性穆斯林国家元首。在与记者史黛芙妮 · 布萨利的一段话题广泛的谈话中，阿米娜·古里布-法基姆谈到了她不起眼的政治生涯开端，同时作为一个伊斯兰教信仰者和科学家是什么样的体验，以及为什么我们需要珍惜非洲的传统知识等等。“我不认为我们需要对自己过于苛刻，”她说道。“我们只需要对自己可以做的事情有信心，给自己设定一系列目标，并且向着目标的方向前进。”
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim - President of Mauritius
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim is the president of the Republic of Mauritius. She has been a university professor and entrepreneur before her election as the first female Head of State of Mauritius. Full bioStephanie Busari - Journalist
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim is the president of the Republic of Mauritius. She has been a university professor and entrepreneur before her election as the first female Head of State of Mauritius. Full bioStephanie Busari - Journalist
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Stephanie Busari: President Ameenah,
thank you for joining us.
thank you for joining us.
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史黛芙妮 · 布萨利：谢谢您加入
我们的谈话，阿米娜总统女士。
我们的谈话，阿米娜总统女士。
00:15
Even as TED speakers go,
you're something of an overachiever.
you're something of an overachiever.
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即使与那么多优秀的TED演讲者相比，
您的成就也超出我们的预期了。
您的成就也超出我们的预期了。
00:21
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim: (Laughs)
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阿米娜 · 古里布-法基姆：（笑声）
00:22
SB: You have a PhD in organic chemistry,
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您拿到了有机化学的博士学位，
00:25
you were vice chancellor
of the University of Mauritius,
of the University of Mauritius,
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是毛里求斯大学的副校长，
00:28
a successful entrepreneur,
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同时又是一位成功的企业家，
00:29
you've won numerous awards
for your work in science
for your work in science
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您曾经因为科学方面的贡献
得了许多奖
得了许多奖
00:33
and you're the first Muslim
female head of state in Africa.
female head of state in Africa.
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并且现在是非洲第一位
女性穆斯林国家元首。
女性穆斯林国家元首。
00:37
(Applause)
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（掌声）
00:42
And of course, you're no stranger
to the TEDGlobal stage;
to the TEDGlobal stage;
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不过您也不是第一次
来 TED Global演讲了；
来 TED Global演讲了；
00:45
you gave a talk in 2014.
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您曾在2014年演讲过。
00:48
Did you have any political
ambitions at that time?
ambitions at that time?
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请问您在当时就有
任何政治上的目标吗？
任何政治上的目标吗？
00:51
How did you go from academic to president?
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您是怎么从一位学者变成总统的？
00:55
AGF: OK, thanks, Stephanie.
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古里布-法基姆：：好的，谢谢你，
史黛芙妮。
史黛芙妮。
00:56
First of all, I'd like to thank TED
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首先，我想感谢 TED
给了我今天来到这里的机会。
00:58
for having given me
the opportunity to be here today.
the opportunity to be here today.
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感谢坦桑尼亚政府
01:01
And I would also like to thank
the government of Tanzania
the government of Tanzania
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以及他们的总统的邀请。
01:04
and the president for the welcome.
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还要感谢我们在场的领事，里滋维先生
01:08
And also, I'd like to thank
the contribution of our consul,
the contribution of our consul,
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所作出的一切贡献，
01:11
Mr. Rizvi, who's here,
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他为我们在这里的逗留
付出了很多。
付出了很多。
01:13
has been very supportive
for all our stay here.
for all our stay here.
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现在让我们回到您刚才的问题，
01:16
Now, to answer your question,
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我那时有政治上的目标吗？
01:19
did I have any ambitions in politics?
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01:22
The straight answer is no.
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最直接的答案其实是，没有。
我并没有选择政治；
01:24
I did not choose the world of politics;
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政治选择了我。
01:26
the world of politics chose me.
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就是这样的。
01:28
So here I am.
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01:29
(Applause)
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（掌声）
01:32
SB: So, was there ever
anything in your journey
anything in your journey
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布萨利：那么在那次演讲的旅途中
01:34
that ever made you think
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有发生任何事情
01:36
that one day you would become
president of your country?
president of your country?
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让你想到有一天您会成为
自己国家的总统吗？
自己国家的总统吗？
01:39
Did you ever imagine that?
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您有想象过吗？
01:40
AGF: Absolutely not.
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古里布-法基姆：当然没有。
我想我的政治生涯是从
那次TED演讲之后立刻开始的。
那次TED演讲之后立刻开始的。
01:41
I think the journey started
immediately after TED, actually.
immediately after TED, actually.
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我回去后，
有个记者打电话告诉我，
有个记者打电话告诉我，
01:45
When I went back,
this journalist called me and said,
this journalist called me and said,
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01:48
"You know, your name has been cited
for the president of the republic,"
for the president of the republic,"
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“您已经成为了共和国的总统，“
01:52
I said, "Ma'am, you must be mistaken,
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我说，“女士您一定是弄错了，
01:54
because I have no ambition whatsoever."
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因为我没有任何这方面的志向“。
01:56
She said, "No, it's serious.
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她说，“不，我是认真的。
01:57
Can you come and tell me this
in the form of a declaration?
in the form of a declaration?
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您可以过来并以宣布的形式
告诉我吗？
告诉我吗？
02:01
So, OK, you'll come?"
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好的，所以你会来？“
由于她是一名负责的好记者，
02:02
So, of course, as good journalists go,
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第二天我看到了我 TED 演讲的照片
02:05
the next day I see my TED picture
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旁边还有配有我的名字，
02:07
and, with my name, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim,
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02:10
"For president?"
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以及”成为总统？”
02:11
A very small interrogation mark --
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这是一个很小的问号——
02:13
and people don't see
the interrogation mark,
the interrogation mark,
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但人们看不见那个问号，
02:15
they just see my name
and they see my picture.
and they see my picture.
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他们只看到了我的名字
和我的照片。
和我的照片。
02:18
And that was a sounding board.
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那就像一个“传声筒”。
02:20
And again, as you have just said,
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正如您刚才说的，
02:23
it was a very interesting scenario
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那是一个很有趣的情景，
02:26
because it was a scenario
where they wanted to have somebody
where they wanted to have somebody
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因为在这个场景里
02:30
who was credible,
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人们想要一个可信赖的，
02:32
had this political neutrality
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政治中立的，
02:34
and at the same time, was for a minority
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同时又是代表少数群体的总统。
02:37
because Islam is a minority
religion in Mauritius,
religion in Mauritius,
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因为在毛里求斯只有
少数人信伊斯兰教，
少数人信伊斯兰教，
02:40
because in Mauritius,
we stratify people's origins
we stratify people's origins
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又因为在毛里求斯
信仰把人们划分成不同的阶层。
02:43
by virtue of their religious belief.
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02:46
And -- I was a woman.
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并且——我是一名女性，
02:48
So this made it all very interesting.
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所以这才那么不可思议。
02:50
So there we go, and this
whole campaign started,
whole campaign started,
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事情就这么发生了，
竞选行动也就开始了，
竞选行动也就开始了，
02:54
and then people said, "Why not?"
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人们说，“为什么不呢？“
02:55
Now, this is very important
to note, Stephanie,
to note, Stephanie,
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这点很值得强调，
02:58
because normally, the president
is elected after the election.
is elected after the election.
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因为总统通常都是竞选后选出来的，
03:02
And here we had a scenario
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但现在的情况是，
03:03
where the name of the president
was flagged before the election process,
was flagged before the election process,
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总统的名字在竞选前的运动中
就被标记出来了
03:09
during the campaign.
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03:10
So when people voted,
they knew that at some point,
they knew that at some point,
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当人们投选票时，
他们就知道，
他们就知道，
03:12
they would have
this Muslim woman president.
this Muslim woman president.
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他们将要拥有这位穆斯林女总统。
03:16
SB: Does it feel significant
to you as a woman
to you as a woman
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布萨利：成为你们国家的第一位女总统
03:18
to be the first female president
of your country?
of your country?
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对您来说是不是特别有意义呢？
03:22
AGF: It's important for many reasons.
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古里布-法基姆：有几个原因让它如此有意义。
一个是您刚刚提到的，
03:24
I think, obviously, you just mentioned
the terrible statistics
the terrible statistics
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整个非洲只有两位女总统
这一令人失望的事实。
这一令人失望的事实。
03:29
of two female presidents
in the whole of Africa.
in the whole of Africa.
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03:32
But more importantly,
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但更重要的是，
03:34
I think it's important also coming
from the background I come from --
from the background I come from --
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我的出身让这一切变得如此有意义。
03:39
by background I mean not ethnic,
but more academic and entrepreneurial --
but more academic and entrepreneurial --
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在这里我的出身并不指种族，
而是指在学术和企业方面，
而是指在学术和企业方面，
03:45
to be there,
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作为我长大的那个小村庄
03:46
to be that role model for that little girl
growing in my village
growing in my village
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所有小女孩的模范站出来，
03:50
to say, "Yes, it's possible."
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并且说，“我可以”。
03:51
It's possible.
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我可以的。
03:53
(Applause)
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（掌声）
03:57
It's also important, Stephanie,
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还有一点很重要，
03:59
while I talk about diversity --
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当我说到多样性，
04:01
diversity in the widest sense of the word.
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我讲的是最广泛意义上的多样性。
04:04
We've seen that whenever
there was diversity,
there was diversity,
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只要一个社会上有多样性，
04:08
whenever there was openness,
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有开放和包容，
04:10
whenever there was dialogue,
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有不同人群间的交流时，
04:12
this was the time when societies
have been most productive.
have been most productive.
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这个社会才是最有效率的。
04:16
When we talk about the Arab Golden Age,
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当我们说到阿拉伯黄金时期时，
04:18
we cannot not think of Ibn Sina,
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我们不能不想到伊本·西那，
04:22
al-Haytham,
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海什木，
04:24
Averroes,
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伊本·鲁世德，
04:25
Maimonides.
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还有迈蒙尼德。
04:26
This was a time
when cultures, religions --
when cultures, religions --
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那是一个文化和宗教
04:29
they were talking to each other.
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相互交流的时代。
04:31
They were at peace with each other.
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它们和平相处。
04:33
And this was a time
when they were highly productive.
when they were highly productive.
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那同时也是一个硕果累累的时代。
04:35
So I would say: bring down these walls.
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所以我会说：让人们的隔阂消失吧。
04:37
SB: Absolutely, absolutely.
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当然。
04:39
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:42
AGF: Virtual or otherwise.
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是实质上的消失。
04:45
SB: Let's also talk about
another conflict area
another conflict area
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布萨利：那让我们来谈谈
另一个有冲突的方面，
另一个有冲突的方面，
这与您的双重身份有关。
04:48
which you straddle quite interestingly.
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04:51
As a woman of faith and also a scientist,
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一个信仰宗教的女性和一位科学家，
这两方面似乎有严重的分歧。
04:55
you know, faith and science
seem to be at loggerheads.
seem to be at loggerheads.
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我知道并不总是这样的，
04:58
It wasn't always so,
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但我很想知道您是
怎么协调这两方面
怎么协调这两方面
05:00
but I'm interested to get your thoughts
on how you reconcile both
on how you reconcile both
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并让它们在您这里共存。
05:05
and how they coexist for you personally.
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05:09
AGF: They're not mutually exclusive.
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古里布-法基姆：他们其实
并不相互排斥，
并不相互排斥，
05:11
I mean, if you're a scientist,
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如果你是个科学家，
05:13
you tend to really look
at the perfection of the human body,
at the perfection of the human body,
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你会欣赏人体的美妙之处，
研究它的运作方式。
05:17
the way it functions.
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05:19
If you look at nature as a whole.
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如果把大自然当作一个整体来看，
05:20
I'm still amazed at the perfection
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我依然被它的完美所震惊，
05:24
with which the entire
ecosystem functions together.
ecosystem functions together.
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是这种完美使得
整个生态系统的和谐运作。
整个生态系统的和谐运作。
05:27
However, to the purists,
to those who are of faith,
to those who are of faith,
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然而，作为纯粹主义者
和宗教信仰者，
和宗教信仰者，
他们仍会告诉你，
“进化是存在的”。
“进化是存在的”。
05:32
they will tell you, "Yes,
there has been evolution."
there has been evolution."
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连教皇都已经
承认了这一点。
承认了这一点。
05:34
Even the Pope has agreed
that evolution exists.
that evolution exists.
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但我们总想提一个问题：
什么东西最先存在？
什么东西最先存在？
05:38
But there's always the question:
What came first?
What came first?
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它之前还有东西存在吗？
05:41
What came before this?
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05:42
When we talk about all
the various strata of evolution,
the various strata of evolution,
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当我们讲到进化的不同阶段，
我们总是会问这样的问题，
05:46
we'll always be asking the question,
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因为之前肯定有别的东西存在。
05:48
there must be something before.
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05:50
So I'm of the opinion that yes,
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所以我认为，
05:51
there is this great spiritual force
which is guiding the process,
which is guiding the process,
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有一种精神的力量
在指导着这个过程，
在指导着这个过程，
05:56
and things like this
don't happen by chance.
don't happen by chance.
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因为这些过程并不是
偶然发生的。
偶然发生的。
05:59
Now, whether you call it religiosity,
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无论你只把这种力量叫“宗教”，
06:02
whether you call
this great spirit by any name --
this great spirit by any name --
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还是直接叫出这种精神力量的名字，
06:05
Brahma, Allah, the Holy Trinity --
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梵天，安拉，还是三位一体，
06:08
you name it --
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都可以，
06:09
but I still think that these two
are not mutually exclusive.
are not mutually exclusive.
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只是我觉得这两方面并不矛盾。
它们是可以共存的。
06:13
They can still coexist with each other.
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06:16
SB: So let's move
to one of your passions -- science.
to one of your passions -- science.
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布萨利：那让现在让我们来谈谈
您的爱好，科学。
您的爱好，科学。
06:20
You've made no secret of that.
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这并不是一个
鲜为人知的秘密。
鲜为人知的秘密。
您总是对科学种满激情。
06:21
And you've always been
passionate about science.
passionate about science.
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06:24
I read that when you were
a very young girl,
a very young girl,
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我曾读到过，
06:26
you went to a career guidance counselor
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您年轻的时候去到职业指导处
06:29
and told them you wanted
to become a chemist,
to become a chemist,
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并告诉别人您想成为一位化学家，
06:32
and they said, "No, it's for boys.
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但人们说，“不，那些是男孩做的事，
06:35
Boys do science."
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男孩才做科研。“
06:37
Did that make you even more
determined to study science
determined to study science
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这有让您更坚定地学理科
并在科学方面取得成就吗？
06:41
and to succeed in that field?
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您当时是怎么回应的？
06:43
How did you respond to that?
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古里布-法基姆： 这么说吧，
06:45
AGF: Well, to begin with,
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在我成为一名
升学指导前，
升学指导前，
06:47
I must say, before I came
to that career guidance officer,
to that career guidance officer,
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我有很多很优秀的老师
一直在激励着我。
一直在激励着我。
06:50
I had great teachers who motivated.
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06:53
And this is something I would like
to draw attention to again,
to draw attention to again,
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因此我想把公众的注意力
再次转移到我们的教育体系上。
06:56
to our education system.
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我们要改变这种
死记硬背的学习方式，
死记硬背的学习方式，
06:58
We have to do away
with this rote learning.
with this rote learning.
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07:00
We have to ensure that we drive
this curiosity in the child,
this curiosity in the child,
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要培养孩子们的好奇心，
他们需要好奇。
07:04
and they need to be curious.
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07:06
And if we want to move along the line
for them to become great scientists,
for them to become great scientists,
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如果我们想把他们培养成科学家，
他们需要对所做的一切感到好奇。
07:10
they need to become more and more
curious in everything they do.
curious in everything they do.
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所以每次我去见我的职业指导时，
07:13
So every time -- exactly --
I went to see the careers guidance,
I went to see the careers guidance,
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他都看着我说，
”你以后想做什么？“
”你以后想做什么？“
07:16
he looked at me and said,
"What do you want to do?"
"What do you want to do?"
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我说，”我想学化学“。
07:19
I said, "I want to study chemistry."
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“你不应该学化学，
因为这是男孩做的事。
因为这是男孩做的事。
07:20
"Well, you shouldn't study chemistry
because this is for boys.
because this is for boys.
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你毕业回来后会找不到工作的。“
07:23
And the next thing, when you come
back, there'll be no job for you."
back, there'll be no job for you."
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07:27
So I went back home,
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然后我就回家了，
我家里恰好有一个支持我的人，
也就是我父亲。
也就是我父亲。
07:28
and I had a great cheerleader at home
who happens to be my father.
who happens to be my father.
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他问我，“你以后想干什么？
刚刚老师说了什么？”
刚刚老师说了什么？”
07:31
He said, "What do you want to do?"
and asked, "What did he say?"
and asked, "What did he say?"
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我说，“这些就是他说的...... “
他又问，”那你现在要去做什么？“
他又问，”那你现在要去做什么？“
07:34
I said, "This is what he said ..."
He said, "What are you going to do?"
He said, "What are you going to do?"
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我说，“我要去学化学”。
07:37
I said, "I'm going to do chemistry."
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所以我就去了。
07:39
So there I was.
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现在如果让我说点什么，那就是：
一定要做内心向往的事。
一定要做内心向往的事。
07:41
And one thing I will say:
one must always follow your heart.
one must always follow your heart.
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我的心总是在化学上，
07:44
And my heart was always in chemistry.
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我做了我喜欢的事，
07:46
I did what I was passionate about,
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并且我也体会到了，
07:48
and I thought at some point
that I had developed this thinking
that I had developed this thinking
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07:51
that if you're passionate
about what you do,
about what you do,
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如果你对自己做的事充满热情，
你人生中没有一天
是真正在工作的。
是真正在工作的。
07:54
you will not have to work
a single day in your life,
a single day in your life,
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07:56
until I realized it was
Confucius who said that.
Confucius who said that.
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后来我意识到这句话
好像早就被孔子说过了。
好像早就被孔子说过了。
07:59
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:01
SB: So do you feel a responsibility,
as someone in your position,
as someone in your position,
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布萨利：所以您的经历
让您觉得有责任
让您觉得有责任
去鼓励非洲大陆上的女孩
08:07
to encourage young girls,
especially on this continent,
especially on this continent,
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08:10
to study STEM subjects?
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学习科学技术工程等等吗？
08:14
Is that something
that you actively work --
that you actively work --
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这是您想做的吗？
08:17
AGF: You know, over the past
two days, Stephanie,
two days, Stephanie,
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古里布-法基姆：在过去的两天里，
我们听到了许多
08:19
we've been hearing a lot of conversation
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有关可持续发展的谈话。
08:21
about the sustainable development goals.
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比如我们已经知道的，
08:23
We've seen that, for example,
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非洲一定要食物稳定，
08:25
Africa must be food secure,
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能源稳定，
08:26
Africa must be energy secure,
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水资源稳定。
08:28
Africa must be water secure.
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08:30
If we want to get
to that level of development --
to that level of development --
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如果想达到那种程度的发展，
2030年已经不远了。
08:33
Agenda 2030 is not very far away --
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但如果想要成功，
08:36
if you want to have success,
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必须要有高素质的非洲青少年。
08:38
we need to have
an educated youth in Africa.
an educated youth in Africa.
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08:43
And again, to be very cliché:
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说句老掉牙的话：
08:45
you cannot achieve,
you cannot win a football match,
you cannot win a football match,
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如果把52%的队员
都留在场外，
都留在场外，
08:49
if you're going to leave 52 percent
of the team outside.
of the team outside.
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你是不可能赢得一场足球比赛的。
08:54
It's not possible.
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这是不可能的。
08:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
08:59
SB: Yes.
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布萨利：是的。
古里布-法基姆：所以我们需要受过
高等教育的女性，
高等教育的女性，
09:00
AGF: So we need highly educated,
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我们需要女性的直觉，
09:02
we need female intuition,
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我们要让她们接受教育。
09:04
and we need to get them there.
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这是我们应该尽全力做的，
09:06
And this is where a great deal
of effort has to be done
of effort has to be done
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09:09
to actually motivate
them from a very young age,
them from a very young age,
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从小鼓励她们，
09:12
to tell that girl
that she can do anything.
that she can do anything.
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她们可以做任何事情。
09:15
And if the message comes from her father,
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如果这些话来自她们的父亲，
来自她们的兄弟，
09:17
if the message comes from her brother,
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那将会更有说服力。
09:20
it's even much more powerful.
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我们要告诉她们，
没有什么是不可能的，
没有什么是不可能的，
09:21
We need to tell her
that anything is possible
that anything is possible
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她们有能力做到。
09:24
and she can do it.
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我们要从小培养她们的自信，
09:25
We need to build her self-confidence
from a very early age,
from a very early age,
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更重要的是，
09:28
but more importantly,
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我们要批判性地审视我们的书籍，
09:30
we also need to actually
look at the books,
look at the books,
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09:32
because there are too many stereotypes.
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因为里面有太多模式化观念。
09:35
Last year, I was very shocked
when I went to a debate on Women's Day.
when I went to a debate on Women's Day.
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去年我在一场
妇女节的辩论中被震惊了。
妇女节的辩论中被震惊了。
09:38
They had a survey,
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他们做了一项调查，
09:40
and they were asking these girls
how many women inventors we have,
how many women inventors we have,
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他们问女孩们
有多少发明家是女性，
有多少发明家是女性，
09:44
how many women scientists do we have.
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以及有多少女性科学家。
09:47
And you'd be shocked
that hardly anyone knew
that hardly anyone knew
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3102
你会震惊地发现
几乎没人知道
几乎没人知道
09:50
that Ada Lovelace was there
behind computer science,
behind computer science,
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3194
埃达·洛夫莱斯写下了
历史上第一个电脑程序算法，
历史上第一个电脑程序算法，
09:53
that Marie Curie still remains iconic
with two Nobel prizes.
with two Nobel prizes.
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玛丽·居里是不多的得过两次
诺贝尔奖的科学家之一。
诺贝尔奖的科学家之一。
有太多的事情需要做，
09:57
So there's a lot of homework to do
to actually make --
to actually make --
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以移除性别歧视观念，
10:00
to remove all these gender biases
at a very young age;
at a very young age;
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从小培养女孩们的自信；
10:05
instill that confidence in that girl;
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2183
告诉她们，她们可以做得和她们兄弟
一样甚至更好
一样甚至更好
10:07
to tell her that she can do as well
if not better than her brother.
if not better than her brother.
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是的。
10:11
SB: Yes.
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（掌声）
10:12
(Applause)
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10:16
Thank you.
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1151
谢谢。
布萨利：那让我们再谈谈
您很关心的另一个话题，
您很关心的另一个话题，
10:17
So, let's move on to an area
that I know you've been very active in,
that I know you've been very active in,
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也就是生物多样性。
10:22
which is the issue of biodiversity.
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我们知道这是一个
在非洲必须重视的话题。
在非洲必须重视的话题。
10:24
You've been quite clear that this
is an area that Africa must embrace.
is an area that Africa must embrace.
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10:30
We have an abundance of rich
herbal traditions and plants
herbal traditions and plants
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我们有很多草本植物和草药配方
10:34
that could be developed
into a big pharmaceutical industry.
into a big pharmaceutical industry.
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可以发展成大规模的制药产业。
10:39
Can you tell us a little bit
of how you've been using your expertise
of how you've been using your expertise
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可以告诉我们您是怎么
用您的专业知识
用您的专业知识
10:43
to harness growth in this area?
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促进这方面的发展的吗？
10:46
AGF: Thank you.
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古里布-法基姆：好的。
10:47
Yesterday, I was listening
to one of the talks;
to one of the talks;
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昨天我在听这方面的谈话；
10:49
it was the talk about the need for Africa
to turn into a knowledge economy.
to turn into a knowledge economy.
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它关于非洲需要发展知识经济。
10:54
Africa has got very rich traditions.
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非洲有很丰富的自然资源。
10:57
Sub-Saharan Africa, southern Africa,
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撒哈拉以南的非洲
10:59
has got over 5,000
medicinal plant species,
medicinal plant species,
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拥有超过5000种药用植物
11:03
not harnessed.
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没有被利用。
11:04
And, in fact, at the TED talk
I gave in 2014,
I gave in 2014,
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在2014年我那场演讲中，
11:07
I came out with one sentence:
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我说了一句话：
11:09
"Biodiversity underpins life on earth."
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“生物多样性支持着地球上所有生命”。
11:12
And if we don't look after
this biodiversity,
this biodiversity,
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如果我们不保护这种
生物多样性，
生物多样性，
11:15
if we don't protect it,
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不保护它，
11:16
if we don't actually
harness it in the right way,
harness it in the right way,
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3517
不正确地利用它，
就会威胁自己在这个星球上的生存。
11:20
we are threatening
our own livelihoods on this planet.
our own livelihoods on this planet.
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当我们谈到来自北营国家
11:24
When we talk about the contribution
from countries of the north
from countries of the north
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4669
为了保护我们的星球对
绿色基金做的贡献，
绿色基金做的贡献，
11:28
to the Green Fund
for the protection of our planet,
for the protection of our planet,
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我们不是在做慈善。
11:32
it is not charity.
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11:34
It is to ensure our own collective
livelihoods on this planet.
livelihoods on this planet.
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而是在保卫我们共同的家园。
对这一点的解释很有必要。
11:39
So this is something
that must be addressed.
that must be addressed.
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现在当我们讲到
11:41
Now, again, when you talk about
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正确利用非洲的生物多样性，
11:43
getting this biodiversity
of Africa working for us,
of Africa working for us,
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11:47
you'd be shocked to know
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你会吃惊地发现，
11:48
that out of the 1,100 blockbuster drugs
that we have on the market,
that we have on the market,
252
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6363
1100种市场上畅销的药物中，
11:55
only 83 come from African plants.
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只有83种来自非洲植物。
11:58
Why is this so?
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为什么会这样呢？
我们要负责任。
12:00
Because we are responsible;
255
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我们非洲人。
12:02
us Africans.
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我们不珍惜自己的传统知识。
12:03
We don't value
our own traditional knowledge.
our own traditional knowledge.
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12:06
We don't give it the same status
as allopathic medicine.
as allopathic medicine.
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我们不让它们成为正式药物。
12:11
Look at what China has done.
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看看中国的做法吧。
他们让传统的中药
12:12
China has given the same status
for traditional Chinese medicine
for traditional Chinese medicine
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成为了正式药物，
12:17
as allopathic medicine,
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1558
这就发生在2016年。
12:18
as of 2016.
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12:21
Our governments, our people,
have not documented,
have not documented,
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我们的政府和人民从未记录过，
也从未认真对待过我们的这种知识。
12:24
have not taken this knowledge seriously.
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12:27
If you want to get serious about Africa
becoming a knowledge continent,
becoming a knowledge continent,
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如果想真正让非洲变成
一片知识大陆，
一片知识大陆，
这就是我们要严肃对待的问题了。
12:34
this is something that we need
to address very seriously,
to address very seriously,
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2741
12:37
we need to start documenting,
267
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1441
我们要开始记录，
要开始系统地整理这些知识，
12:38
we need to start codifying this knowledge,
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2066
但不幸的是，
我们在与时间赛跑，
我们在与时间赛跑，
12:40
and unfortunately,
we are racing against time
we are racing against time
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因为这些知识在非洲
都是通过口头传下来的。
都是通过口头传下来的。
12:43
because tradition in Africa is that
the transmission has always been oral.
the transmission has always been oral.
270
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4821
所以我们要一起行动让奇迹发生。
12:48
So we need to get our act together
and make it happen.
and make it happen.
271
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2988
12:51
SB: So there's really a sense
of urgency around this.
of urgency around this.
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2618
布萨利：看起来真的情况紧急。
12:54
AGF: Yes.
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1308
古里布-法基姆：是的。
（掌声）
12:55
(Applause)
274
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3439
布萨利：您有做过有关记录的任何事吗？
12:59
SB: And have you done anything yourself
in respect to documenting --
in respect to documenting --
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4932
13:04
AGF: Yes, I definitely did.
276
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古里布-法基姆：当然有。
13:05
When I started my career in academia,
277
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2911
当我学术界的事业刚开始时，
13:08
one of the first things I did
was I documented precisely these plants.
was I documented precisely these plants.
278
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3323
我做的第一件事就是
精确地记录这些植物。
精确地记录这些植物。
13:12
And I'll tell you one thing --
it was not perceived to be very serious,
it was not perceived to be very serious,
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我想说明一点：
这件事没有引起人们的重视，
这件事没有引起人们的重视，
因为我是学有机化学的，
13:15
because here I was,
in synthetic organic chemistry,
in synthetic organic chemistry,
280
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3228
跑去跟老奶奶们说，
13:18
going out there,
talking to these grandmothers,
talking to these grandmothers,
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3306
我想记录她们的药方。
13:22
documenting their recipes.
282
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1994
把草药带进实验室并说，
“我们要研究它们”
“我们要研究它们”
13:24
I mean, you can't be serious --
bringing weeds in the lab,
bringing weeds in the lab,
283
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3226
这并不能引起重视。
13:27
and say, "We're going
to be working on these."
to be working on these."
284
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2232
我们会得到想要的结果吗？
13:29
Are we going to get results?
285
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1475
13:31
So it was really a race against prejudice
286
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3947
这是与偏见的赛跑，
试着想说服人们，
13:35
to try to take people's --
287
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2735
把他们带到桌子前说，
“这很重要”。
“这很重要”。
13:37
bring them to the table and say,
"Look, this is very important."
"Look, this is very important."
288
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3101
13:41
But I'm glad I did,
289
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1152
但我很高兴我那么做了，
因为那时我变得越来越坚韧，
13:42
because by that time, you start
developing a crocodile skin,
developing a crocodile skin,
290
810242
2863
13:45
especially when you're a woman in the lab
doing different things.
doing different things.
291
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3075
特别是当你是一个在实验室里
做不同事情的女性时，
做不同事情的女性时，
13:48
You know -- you become suspect.
292
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你会开始怀疑。
13:49
So I documented it; I'm very happy I did.
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但我还是记录了它们，
我很高兴我那么做了。
我很高兴我那么做了。
13:52
And now, almost 20 years
since the documentation,
since the documentation,
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现在已经过了差不多20年了，
13:55
it now constitutes prior art,
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这些药方
13:57
and is now very well-documented at WIPO,
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已经被世界知识产权组织
完好地记录下来了。
完好地记录下来了。
13:59
and it is now the information which,
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这些信息现在也成为了
14:02
subsequently, my company actually
started working on as well.
started working on as well.
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我的公司的重点研究对象。
14:07
SB: So, I watched you in the makeup room
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布萨利：我看到您在化妆室
14:11
taking selfies with the makeup artist,
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跟化妆师自拍时
14:13
and just being generally very accessible.
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感觉很亲切。
14:16
And it strikes me
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这让我很惊讶，
14:17
that you're not the kind of typical,
big-man, African leader.
big-man, African leader.
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3516
您不仅是那种典型的
有男子汉气概的非洲领导人
有男子汉气概的非洲领导人
14:21
You seem very --
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您看起来很...
14:22
AGF: You just demoted me.
You called me a man.
You called me a man.
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古里布-法基姆：您刚刚贬低了我，
因为您说我像男性。
因为您说我像男性。
14:24
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:26
SB: I mean your style --
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布萨利：我是说您的风格
14:27
(Applause)
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（掌声）
14:28
Your style seems to be very accessible
and quite unassuming.
and quite unassuming.
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您的风格非常平易近人，谦逊。
14:34
So is this --
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所以
14:36
I mean, people tend to ask women leaders
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人们常问女性领导人，
性别是否会影响她们管理，
14:39
if their gender has a bearing
on the way they rule,
on the way they rule,
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或者领导的方式。
14:44
or the way they lead.
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1993
14:46
Does that apply to you?
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2584
您对这个问题怎么看呢？
14:49
AGF: You know, I've never
taken myself seriously.
taken myself seriously.
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2356
古里布-法基姆：我从来
不把自己看得太高。
不把自己看得太高。
14:51
SB: OK. That's good.
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布萨利：啊，那很好。
14:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:54
AGF: I still don't.
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1151
古里布-法基姆：我现在也不会。
14:55
And I don't think you should
take yourself seriously.
take yourself seriously.
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我认为一个人不应该过于在意自己，
我们应该相信自己的能力，
14:58
You need to have trust in what you can do,
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让自己充满自信，
15:00
have confidence in yourself
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给自己设定一系列目标
并不断追寻它们。
并不断追寻它们。
15:02
and give yourself a set of goals
and just work towards them.
and just work towards them.
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3657
15:05
So the goal I've given myself is,
OK, I'm leading my third life --
OK, I'm leading my third life --
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我给自己设定的目标是，
我经历过三种生活方式了，
我经历过三种生活方式了，
我曾是学者，企业家，现在是总统。
15:10
because I've been an academic,
I've been an entrepreneur, now I'm here.
I've been an entrepreneur, now I'm here.
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我希望有第四种生活方式，
15:13
I'm hoping to have a fourth life.
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并用它们让这片大陆变得更美好。
15:15
So put these to work for the continent.
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2783
15:18
And this is why I have chosen
to give my voice to so many initiatives
to give my voice to so many initiatives
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4584
这就是我那么支持
青少年科技创新项目的原因。
15:22
that would help the youth of Africa
become tech-savvy,
become tech-savvy,
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3928
因为它们帮助孩子们获取科学常识。
15:26
become science-savvy,
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1400
15:27
because as I said earlier on,
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正如我先前所说的，
15:29
up until they get to grips with science,
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3998
除非孩子们能掌握科学
15:33
with whatever is around --
media, technology, you name it,
media, technology, you name it,
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4668
不论通过什么渠道，
媒体，科技等等，
媒体，科技等等，
15:38
all calls for a good grounding in science,
technology and innovation.
technology and innovation.
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4339
来打造科技创新的基础，
15:42
I think we'll be here,
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1282
我们不会有任何变化，
15:44
10 years, 20 years down the line,
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1930
10年，20年后
15:45
having the same conversation.
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1647
我们还会在这里探讨同样的问题。
15:48
SB: Let's talk quickly
about the challenges
about the challenges
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布萨利：让我们简短地谈一谈
领导和管理带来的挑战。
15:50
of leadership and governance.
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2437
我们很难忽视
15:52
It's hard to ignore
that there's corruption on this continent
that there's corruption on this continent
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5407
15:57
with some of our leaders.
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1697
一些非洲领导人的腐败问题。
15:59
How have you confronted that in your role,
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您是怎么面对这个问题的呢，
16:03
and what experiences can you
share with us around this issue?
share with us around this issue?
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5357
您有什么有关的经历
要和我们分享吗？
要和我们分享吗？
16:08
AGF: We've had corruption --
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1408
古里布-法基姆：非洲的确存在腐败，
但腐败不仅仅存在于非洲。
16:10
corruption doesn't exist only in Africa.
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958096
1947
当有人行贿，就会有人受贿。
16:12
Where there is a corruptee,
there is a corrupter.
there is a corrupter.
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2311
这是一个双方面的过程。
16:14
Right? It's always a two-way process.
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2619
16:18
We have focused in my country,
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2095
我们正聚焦在我们国家的问题上，
16:20
we are working very hard towards
doing something about corruption,
doing something about corruption,
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4223
我们正努力消除腐败现象。
但非洲也有很多伟人。
16:24
but, you know, they also have
great people in Africa.
great people in Africa.
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为什么我们总要
把精力集中在负能量上？
把精力集中在负能量上？
16:27
Why do we always focus on the negative?
Why don't we talk about ...
Why don't we talk about ...
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975119
3178
我想让大家看到
曼德拉等伟人的正能量。
曼德拉等伟人的正能量。
16:30
I want to bring on board, for example,
the great quotes of Nelson Mandela.
the great quotes of Nelson Mandela.
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4240
他的精神永将长存。
16:34
His legacy is still very much alive.
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2397
16:37
We have people in -- even in Tanzania,
we've had Julius Nyerere,
we've had Julius Nyerere,
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3702
在坦桑尼亚，
我们还有朱利叶斯·尼雷尔
我们还有朱利叶斯·尼雷尔
夸梅·恩克鲁玛，
16:40
he have Nkrumah,
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1284
乌胡鲁·肯雅塔，
16:42
we have Kenyatta,
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我们有那么多非洲的捍卫者。
16:43
we have all these people
who have been champions of Africa.
who have been champions of Africa.
356
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2786
16:46
I think we need to take
pages of their book and see.
pages of their book and see.
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2665
我们应该学习他们的事迹，
16:48
In fact, Julius Nyerere himself
had been a great advocate for science
had been a great advocate for science
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3985
朱利叶斯·尼雷尔就曾是
科学技术的倡导者。
科学技术的倡导者。
他说，“科学会让沙漠长出绿洲“。
16:52
when he said that "science
will make deserts bloom."
will make deserts bloom."
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3816
这些都是为这片大陆奋斗的前辈们；
16:56
So these are some of the founding
fathers of this continent;
fathers of this continent;
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1004696
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我们要从他们辉煌的篇章中
汲取精华，
汲取精华，
17:00
we need to take pages from them
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1636
奋力前进。
17:02
and move ahead.
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（掌声）
17:03
(Applause)
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2481
17:05
SB: Thank you very much,
President Fakim.
President Fakim.
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1970
布萨利：非常感谢您，总统女士。
17:07
AGF: Thank you.
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古里布-法基姆：谢谢。
17:09
(Applause)
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1822
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim - President of MauritiusAmeenah Gurib-Fakim is the president of the Republic of Mauritius. She has been a university professor and entrepreneur before her election as the first female Head of State of Mauritius.
Why you should listen
In June 2015, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim became the first female president of Mauritius. She's been honored as one of Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers and is moving to create opportunity and growth for her island home. Gurib-Fakim has been, prior to joining the State House, the Managing Director of the Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (CIDP) Research and Innovation as well as professor of organic chemistry with an endowed chair at the University of Mauritius.
Gurib-Fakim has long been a leading biodiversity scientist studying and validating the flora of Mauritius, one of the world's key biodiversity hotspots. As an entrepreneur at CIDP R & I and professor of organic chemistry, she analyzed the plants from the region for their health, nutritional and cosmetic applications.
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim | Speaker | TED.com
Stephanie Busari - Journalist
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital.
Why you should listen
Stephanie Busari moved to Lagos from London in July 2016 to pioneer CNN's first digital and multimedia bureau. She also reports on-air in breaking news situations for CNN International.
In April 2016 Busari exclusively obtained the "proof of life" video that showed that the missing Chibok schoolgirls who were kidnapped in Nigeria in 2014 were still alive. She was also an instrumental member of the CNN team that won a Peabody Award in May 2015 for the network's coverage of the missing girls. Busari recently won a Gracie Award for her persistence in covering this story, and she's also a previous recipient of the Outstanding Woman in the Media Awards.
Busari is a passionate community activist who curated TEDxBrixton for three years before she left London. She founded TEDxBrixton in 2013 driven by a desire to bring disparate elements of her community together and to create a platform for those who wouldn't normally have one to share their ideas worth spreading.
A passionate and adept public speaker, Busari is regularly invited to share her insights and host panels. She has spoken at UN Women, Said Business School, Oxford, Africa Gathering among others.
Over a 15-year career, Busari has worked as a news reporter, entertainment and features writer, court reporter and columnist, and she has been published in many of the UK and international media's most influential outlets, such as the BBC and Daily Mirror.
During a six-month stint in Northern Ireland in 2003, Busari spent time in some of the worst affected areas of "The Troubles" and secured interviews with a crucifixion victim, government ministers and paramilitaries. While there, she also launched and edited an award-winning lifestyle column.
A native Yoruba speaker, Busari also speaks fluent French and is currently learning Hausa.
Stephanie Busari | Speaker | TED.com