TEDIndia 2009
Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition
Kavita Ramdas: 拥抱传统却不同凡响的女人
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一位被授予权力的女人该是怎么样的？她可以戴布卡，希贾布或穿莎丽吗？Kavita Ramdas 将会探讨关于三位不同凡响的女性，三位致力改革她们压制的文化，同时拥抱她们文化传统的女性。
Kavita Ramdas - Philanthropist
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
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问候。
00:18
Good morning.
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早上好。
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
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考虑到我的TED履历，你可能期待
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
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我会跟你们探讨
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
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最新的慈善趋势，
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
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新的让华尔街
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
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和世界银行都兴奋，
00:30
how to invest in women,
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那便是怎样在女性身上投资，
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
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怎样授予她们全力，怎样拯救她们。
00:35
Not me.
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那不是我。
00:37
I am interested in how women
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我对女性如何
00:39
are saving us.
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拯救我们更有兴趣。
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
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她们拯救我们，重新定义和重新想像
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
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一个反抗和模糊
00:47
accepted polarities,
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传统冲突的未来，
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
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那些我们认为理所当然的冲突，
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
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像现代与传统之间的冲突，
00:55
First World and Third World,
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发达国家与发展中国家之间的冲突，
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
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压迫与机会之间的冲突。
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
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在这些我们作为一个国际社会
01:02
we face as a global community,
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所面对的使人气馁的挑战中，
01:04
there's something about
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就有那么一个
01:06
this third way raga
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另类的拉伽
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
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使我的心在唱歌。
01:10
What intrigues me most
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最令我好奇的是
01:12
is how women are doing this,
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这些女性如何面对这些挑战，
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
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尽管她们知道这是一对
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
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既令人沮丧又让人兴奋的矛盾论。
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
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为什么女人，既是
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
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传统文化所压制的一群，
01:25
and yet at the same time,
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又是，
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
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保存传统文化的一群？
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
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那希贾布或头巾是
01:32
a symbol of submission
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屈服的标志
01:34
or resistance?
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还是反抗的表示？
01:36
When so many women and girls
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当无数女人和女孩子
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
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被打，被强迫，被残废，
01:41
on a daily basis
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这些每天都在发生，
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
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在各种名义下发生，
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
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像荣誉，信仰，民族等等，
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
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是什么让女性重新植树，
01:50
to rebuild societies,
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重造社会，
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
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领导激进却不暴力
01:54
for social change?
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为求社会变革的运动？
01:56
Is it different women
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是不同的女性
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
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在保存和在引领激进？
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
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还是她们是同一个群体？
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
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我们应该感到惭愧吗？正如 Chimamanda Adichie
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
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在牛津的一个TED研讨会上提醒我们，
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
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不要总是认为只有一个同样的
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
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女性为她们的权利而斗争的故事，
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
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因为事实上有许多这样不同的故事，
02:15
And what, if anything,
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还有，
02:17
do men have to do with it?
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这些跟男人有什么关系？
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
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我的人生大部分时间都在探索，
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
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试图得到这些问题的答案。
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
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这带着我穿越国界，
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
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并让我认识了一些非常不可思议的人。
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
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在整个过程当中，我聚集了一些片断
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
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来帮助我解答这个疑问。
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
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在这些帮助我开阔视野
02:36
to a third way
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认识另类的人当中，
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
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有一个虔诚的阿富汗伊斯兰教信徒，
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
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一群克罗地亚和声唱女同性恋者，
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
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还有一个利比里亚的善于打破禁忌的人。
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
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我对她们非常的感恩，
02:49
as I am to my parents,
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就像我对自己的父母一般，
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
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他们因为前世的一些轻罪，
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
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今生得到了三个女儿。
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
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不知道是什么原因，
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
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他们却非常的为我们三个感到自豪。
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
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我生于长于印度，
03:05
and I learned from an early age
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并且我从小就懂得
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
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对那些阿姨叔叔有所怀疑，
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
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他们会弯腰，拍拍我们的头
03:12
and then say to my parents
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然后他们会对我的父母
03:14
with no problem at all,
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毫不犹豫的说，
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
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"可怜的东西。 你们只有三个女儿。
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
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但是你们都还年轻，还可以试试。"
03:22
My sense of outrage
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我那股
03:24
about women's rights
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对女性权利的义愤
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
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在我11岁的时候毅然激起。
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
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我的阿姨，一位非常口齿伶俐
03:32
and brilliant woman,
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非常美丽的女士，
03:34
was widowed early.
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早年丧夫。
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
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一大群亲戚驾临她家。
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
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他们把她的五彩莎丽脱去。
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
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他们逼使她带上一个苍白的莎丽。
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
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他们把她的额前痣抹去。
03:48
They broke her bangles.
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他们把她的手镯打碎。
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
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她的女儿，Rani,
03:52
a few years older than me,
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比我大几岁，
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
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坐在她的腿上，困惑，
03:56
not knowing what had happened
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不懂得眼前
03:58
to the confident woman
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发生在这个自信的女人身上的一切，
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
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这个她曾经一度认为是她母亲的女人。
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
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那天晚上，我听见我母亲
04:04
begging my father,
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哀求我的父亲，
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
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"请你为Ramu想想办法。难道你就不能阻止他们吗？"
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
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我的父亲，低沉的喃喃自语道，
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
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"我只是家里最年轻的兄弟，我无能为力。
04:16
This is tradition."
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这是传统。"
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
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那便是我懂得
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
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在这个社会做女人的意味着什么。
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
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我们女人不创立那些规矩，
04:26
but they define us, and they define
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但是那些规矩定义我们，并定义
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
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我们的机会和机遇。
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
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男人也被这些规矩影响。
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
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我的父亲，曾经参与三场战争，
04:37
could not save his own sister
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却不能帮助他自己的姐姐
04:39
from this suffering.
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脱离这场悲剧。
04:45
By 18,
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还不到18岁，
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
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在我母亲非凡的教导下，
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
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我，像你们所像的一般，
04:51
defiantly feminist.
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是一个大胆的女权运动者。
04:53
On the streets chanting,
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在街上喊着，
04:55
"[Hindi]
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[印度语］
04:57
[Hindi]
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[印度语］
04:59
We are the women of India.
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"我们是印度的妇女，
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
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我们不是脆弱的花朵，我们是社会转变的火花。"
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
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1995年，在我到达北京前，
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
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我深深的知道，唯一
05:09
to achieve gender equality
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通往两性平等的道路
05:11
was to overturn centuries
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便是推翻世纪长的
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
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压迫的传统。
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
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在我从北京回来不久，
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
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我马上决定为这个不同凡响的
05:20
founded by women,
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由女性创立的组织工作，
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
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支持全球妇女权利组织。
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
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但是六个月不到，
05:29
I met a woman
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我认识了一位女士，
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
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一位让我不得不挑战我之前的假定的女士。
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
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她叫Sakena Yacoobi。
05:38
She walked into my office
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她走进我的办公室
05:40
at a time when no one knew
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在一个没有任何美国人知道
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
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阿富汗在哪的时代。
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
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她对我说，"这跟布卡没有关系。"
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
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她是我所见过的最坚决的
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
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女权拥护者。
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
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她告诉我妇女在她那深入阿富汗的社区里
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
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开办地下学校
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
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还有，她的组织，阿富汗学习学会，
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
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在巴基斯坦也开办了一个学校。
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
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她说，"任何伊斯兰教徒都知道的第一件事，
06:09
is that the Koran requires
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便是可兰经规定
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
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并强烈支持读写能力。
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
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先知想让所有的信徒
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
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都可以自己读写可兰经。"
06:19
Had I heard right?
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我所听到的是真的吗？
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
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一个女权拥护者
06:23
invoking religion?
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居然激发宗教信仰？
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
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可是Sakena违抗标记。
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
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她一直都只戴一个头巾。
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
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我跟她在海边散布过，
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
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她的长头发在风中飘扬。
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
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她每堂课开始之前都先做一个祈祷，
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
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可是她是一位单身，坚决
06:41
financially independent woman
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经济独立的女性，
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
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生活在一个女孩在12岁的时候便出嫁的国度。
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
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她也非常讲求实效。
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
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“这个头巾和这些衣服，” 她说道，
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
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“赋予我去做我必须的事的自由
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
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去跟这个运动急需的支持和帮助
06:58
are critical for this work.
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的那些人探讨。
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
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当我需要在难民营中开办这个学校，
07:03
I went to see the imam.
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我去拜见了伊玛目。
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
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我告诉他，"我是一个信徒，这些妇女和孩子
07:08
in these terrible conditions
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在如此水深火热当中
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
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需要他们的信念来生存。"
07:13
She smiles slyly.
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她俏皮的笑笑。
07:15
"He was flattered.
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他被奉承得很满意。
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
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他开始每星期来我的中心两次
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
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因为这些妇女不能到清真寺。
07:22
And after he would leave,
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在他离开以后，
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
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这些妇女和女孩会留下来。
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
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我们开始一个小小的读写班级
07:28
to read the Koran,
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来念可兰经，
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
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然后开始一个数学课，再一个英语课，再一个电脑课。
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
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短短几个星期，每个在难民营的人
07:36
was in our classes."
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都来上我们的课。 "
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
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Sakena 是一位老师
07:41
at a time when to educate women
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在阿富汗一个教育妇女是一件危险的事情
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
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的年代。
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
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她身居塔利班的打击对象名单。
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
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她每次穿越那个国家，我都得为她担心。
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
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每次我问她安全问题，她总是不在乎的耸耸肩。
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
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"Kavita Jan, 我们可不能让自己害怕。
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
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看看那些年轻的重新上学的女孩子
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
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她们的脸被泼硫酸。"
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
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我笑笑，点点头，
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
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认识到自己正见证着妇女和女孩子们
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
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用她们自己的宗教传统和惯例，
08:09
turning them into instruments
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把它们变成反抗和创造机会
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
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的工具。
08:14
Their path is their own
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她们的道路是她们自己的
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
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这条道路正朝着一个创造不同的阿富汗
08:19
that will be different.
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的方向发展。
08:21
Being different is something the women
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与别人不同是一件
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
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克罗地亚 Zagreb, Lesbor的女人
08:25
know all too well.
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司空见惯的事。
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
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作为一位女同性恋者，
08:29
a homosexual
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一位同性恋者
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
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在世界的大部分角落，包括在这里，
08:33
in our country, India,
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我们的祖国，印度，
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
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等同于生活在一个极度不适
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
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以及极度歧视的环境里。
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
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在像克罗地亚这样的战后社会里，
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
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极端爱国主义与宗教信仰
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
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创造了一个让任何被社会排挤的
08:47
for anyone who might
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人
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
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无法忍受的恶劣环境。
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
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想像一群女同性恋者，
08:53
young women who love the old music
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一群年轻的，热爱
08:56
that once spread across that region
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传遍整个地区的传统音乐的女人，
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
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从马其顿到波斯尼亚，
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
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从塞尔维亚到斯洛文尼亚。
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
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这些民歌手相识在大学里的一个两性学习研究。
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
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许多都只有20多岁。有些已为人母。
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
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许多都得艰难的在她们的社区公开她们的性取向。
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
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在家里，宗教信仰致使父母难以接受
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
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他们的女儿没有生病，
09:17
just queer.
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她们只是同性恋。
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
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Leah，这个小组的发起人之一，说道，
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
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我很喜欢传统音乐。
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
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我也很喜欢摇滚音乐。
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
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所以我们何二为一，叫Lesbor。
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
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我觉得传统音乐就像一种叛逆，
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
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人们可以大胆抒发他们的想法，
09:34
especially traditional songs
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特别是一些来自
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
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其他前南斯拉夫共和国的传统歌曲。
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
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战后，许多像这样的歌曲被遗失。
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
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但是它们是我们童年更是我们历史的一部分，
09:43
and we should not forget them."
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我们不应该把它们遗忘。 “
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
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不大可能般的，这个同性恋，双性恋，以及变性合唱团
09:48
has demonstrated how women
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向我们展示了这些女人如何
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
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在传统上投资来创造转变，
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
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像炼金术士一般将纠纷转变成和谐。
09:56
Their repertoire includes
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她们的表演项目包括
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
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克罗地亚国歌，
10:00
a Bosnian love song
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一首波斯尼亚爱情歌
10:02
and Serbian duets.
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和一些塞尔维亚对唱。
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
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Leah接着笑笑的说，
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
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"Kavita, 我们对自己的圣诞音乐特别自豪，
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
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因为它们显示了我们欢迎宗教信仰
10:12
even though Catholic Church
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尽管天主教会
10:14
hates us LGBT."
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对我们极度痛恨。"
10:16
Their concerts draw from
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她们的演唱会观众来自
10:18
their own communities, yes,
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她们本身的社区，这是当然的，
10:20
but also from an older generation:
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还有来自老的一辈
10:22
a generation that might be
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一辈可能对
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
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同性恋存在怀疑，
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
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但是对他们自己的传统音乐以及过去非常的怀念。
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
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一位父亲曾经一度阻止他的女儿
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
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在这样一个合唱团公开她的性取向，
10:34
now writes songs for them.
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现在却为她们写歌。
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
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在中世纪，游吟诗人
10:38
would travel across the land
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会穿越每片土地，
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
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唱着他们的故事，分享他们的诗节。
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
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Lesbor像巴尔干半岛人一般的跨越不同国度，
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
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合唱着，把那些
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
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被宗教，国籍以及语言分离的人们连在一起，
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
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波斯尼亚人，克罗地亚人，还有塞尔维亚人
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
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找到在他们历史里一个极为少有的，共同分享的一份荣耀，
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
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Lesbor提醒他们
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
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这些歌曲，看似只属于某个民族，
11:01
really belong to them all.
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其实属于所有的民族。
11:03
(Singing)
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(歌声）
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
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昨天， Mallika Sarabhai向我们展示了
11:25
that music can create a world
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音乐可以创造一个世界
11:27
more accepting of difference
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一个比我们现有
11:29
than the one we have been given.
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可以包容更多不同的世界。
11:32
The world Layma Bowie was given
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Layma Bowie所给予的世界
11:34
was a world at war.
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是一个在打仗的世界。
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
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利比里亚长期被内乱弄得四分五裂。
11:40
Layma was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
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Layma不是一位积极分子，她是三个孩子的母亲。
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
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可是她一直不停的担忧。
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
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她担心她的儿子被绑架
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
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去当儿童兵。
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
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她担心她的女儿们会被强暴。
11:51
she worried for their lives.
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她为他们的生活忧心。
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
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一天晚上，她做了一个梦。
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
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她梦见她和别的成千上万的女人
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
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结束了这场血战。
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
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第二天早上在教会里，她问大家对这场内乱都怎么想。
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
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大家都对这些战争感到很疲惫。
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
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我们需要和平，而且我们得让我们的领导人知道
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
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我们达不到目标是不会放弃的。
12:11
Among Layma's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
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在Layma的朋友当中，有一位伊斯兰教女警察。
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
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她承诺向她的社区提起这件事情。
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
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到下个星期五的布道，
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
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那些在清真寺侧房里的女人
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
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开始讨论她们对时势的担忧。
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
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"这有什么关系？"她们说，"一颗子弹根本不能辨别
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
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谁是伊斯兰教徒谁是基督教徒。"
12:29
This small group of women,
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这一小群妇女
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
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下定决心一定要结束这场内乱。
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
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而且她们决定利用她们的传统来表达她们的决心。
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
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利比里亚女人通常穿戴
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
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许多首饰和五颜六色的衣服。
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
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可是，在抗议当中，这些妇女只穿
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
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全身白色，没有化妆。
12:44
As Layma said, "We wore the white
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像Layma说的一般，"我们穿白色
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
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来表达我们缺乏和平的事实。"
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
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她们站在
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
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Charles Taylor的摩托车每天都经过的路旁。
12:52
They stood for weeks --
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她们一个星期接着一个星期的站在那，
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
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一开始只有10个人，然后20人，然后50人，最后几百名妇女
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
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穿着白色，唱着歌，跳着舞，
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
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告诉大家她们需要和平。
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
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最后，利比里亚的敌对势力
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
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被迫在加纳举行和谈。
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
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和谈不断的被拖延。
13:12
Layma and her sisters had had enough.
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Layma和她的姐妹们忍无可忍。
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
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她们用剩下的经费，带上
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
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一小群妇女，来到和谈的会场，
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
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她们把会场包围。
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
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在一个后来变得非常有名的CNN短片，
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
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你可以看见这群妇女坐在地上，她们的手臂相连着。
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
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在印度我们把这叫做 ［印度语］。
13:29
Then things get tense.
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接着事情变得激进。
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
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警察被命令把这些妇女赶离现场。
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
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当高级警官拿着警棍向她们靠近，
13:37
Layma stands up with deliberation,
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Layma从容地站起来，
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
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把双手举高，越过她的头，
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
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开始慢慢的
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
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解开包着她头发的头巾。
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
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你可以看见那位警察的脸。
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
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他感到不好意思。 他开始退后。
13:52
And the next thing you know,
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接着下来，
13:54
the police have disappeared.
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警察们消失了。
13:56
Layma said to me later,
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Layma后来告诉我，
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
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"这是一个禁忌，你知道，在西非。
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
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如果一个年长的妇女在一个男人面前拖衣，
14:04
because she wants to,
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因为她是自愿的，
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
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那个男人的全家便被诅咒。"
14:08
(Laughter)
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(笑声）
14:10
(Applause)
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(掌声)
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
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她说，"我不知道他退后是不是因为他相信这个传统，
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
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不过他知道我们是不会离开的。
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
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如果和平协议一天没有签订，我们是决不会离开的。"
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
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然后和平协议最终签订了。
14:22
And the women of Liberia
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利比里亚的妇女
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
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发起组织支持Ellen Johnson Sirleaf，
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
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一位打破不少禁忌的女士，
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
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成为数年来非洲
14:31
in Africa in years.
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第一位当选的女国家元首。
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
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在她发表她的总统报告时，
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
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她公开感谢那些勇敢的利比里亚妇女
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
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是她们让她赢过了一位足球明星－
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
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对于你们美国人来说，那便是英式足球－－
14:45
no less.
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她们居然让她赢过了这位明星。
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
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像Sakena和Leah一般的妇女，
14:49
and Layma
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还有Layma
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
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让我感到谦虚，她们改变了我
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
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并让我懂得我不应该那么快
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
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的对任何人做结论。
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
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她们用自己对这另类的道路的看法，
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
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把我从我那正义的愤怒里拯救过来。
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
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一位菲律宾籍的积极分子告诉我，
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
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"你怎么做米饼?
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
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用来自底部的热气和来自顶端的热气。"
15:14
The protests, the marches,
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这些抗议，这些游行，
15:16
the uncompromising position that
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永不妥协的事实是
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
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妇女的权利是人权的基本一部分，句号。
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
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那便是来自底部的热气。
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
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那是Malcolm X和主张妇女有权参政者
15:26
and gay pride parades.
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还有同性恋自豪游行。
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
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可是我们也需要来自顶端的热气。
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
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在这个世界的大部分角落，
15:32
that top is still
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顶端还是由
15:34
controlled by men.
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男人所控制。
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
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在这里释义一下Marx：妇女创造改变，
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
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并不在她们选择的环境里。
15:42
They have to negotiate.
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她们得谈判。
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
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她们得颠覆那些一度使她们沉默的传统
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
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只为了能把新的抱负公诸于世。
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
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她们还需要来自她们社区的同盟，
15:53
Allies like the imam,
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像那个伊玛目一般的盟友，
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
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像那位开始为克罗地亚女同性恋歌唱团写新歌的父亲
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
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一般的盟友，
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
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像那位遵守禁忌选择后退的警察一般的盟友，
16:03
allies like my father,
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像我父亲一般的盟友，
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
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虽然他无法帮助自己的姐姐，但是他帮助他三个女儿
16:08
pursue their dreams.
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去寻求她们的梦想。
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
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这可能是因为女权主义，
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
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不象别的社会运动，
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
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都反对一个明显的压迫者。
16:17
it's not the ruling class
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这并不是反对统治阶级，
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
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或占据者，或殖民地者，
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
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这是反对一些在我们女人常常
16:25
that we women, far too often,
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脑子里
16:28
hold ourselves.
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根深蒂固的信仰和认定。
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
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也许这就是女权主义的最有利的地方,
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
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个人的实际上就是政治的。
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
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因此，这就跟Eleanor Roosevelt 所说的人权一样，
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
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两性平等也如此，
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
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它从一些小的，靠近家的地方开始。
16:44
On the streets, yes,
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在街上，对，
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
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也在厨房饭桌上的辩论
16:49
and in the marital bed
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还有在婚姻的床上
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
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以及在爱人家人的感情里
16:53
and sisters and friends.
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在姐妹朋友的感情里。
16:57
And then
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然后，然后，
16:59
you realize that by integrating
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你发现将
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
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传统和社区与
17:03
into their struggles,
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她们的斗争联合起来，
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Layma --
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像Sakena 和 Leah 还有 Layma的妇女，
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
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还有在印度的Sonia Gandhi，
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
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智利的Michelle Bachelet，
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
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以及伊朗的Shirin Ebadi
17:16
are doing something else.
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都在做一些别的事情。
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
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她们正挑战这个
17:20
of Western models of development.
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西方发展模式。
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
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她们正用行动表明，我们并不需要像你
17:26
to make change.
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来创造改变。
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
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我们穿莎丽或希贾布
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
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或穿裤子或布布装，
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
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我们同样可以成为党领导人和总统
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
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以及人权律师。
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
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我们可以用我们的传统来探索改变。
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
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我们可以使社会非军事化
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
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取而代之，我们倒入资源
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
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用于真正的国防。
17:50
It is in these little stories,
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就是在这些小故事里，
17:53
these individual stories,
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这些独立的故事里，
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
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我看到了由
17:57
by women around the world.
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世界各处的妇女撰写的一部激进的史诗。
17:59
It is in these threads
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就是在这些被
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
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编织到一块强硬织布的，
18:03
that will sustain communities,
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会支持社区的线条里，
18:06
that I find hope.
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我找到了希望。
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
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如果我的心在歌唱，
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
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那时因为，在这些零碎的片断里，
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
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不时的，你会捕捉到一瞬，
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
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能看到一个全新世界的一瞬。
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
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这个全新的世界，她正朝着我们迈进。
18:21
Thank you.
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谢谢。
18:23
(Applause)
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(掌声)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kavita Ramdas - PhilanthropistKavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders.
Why you should listen
Kavita Ramdas is president and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, a publicly supported grantmaking foundation that advances human rights by investing in women-led organizations worldwide. Over the past 22 years, the Global Fund has provided more than 7,000 grants, reaching more than 3,000 groups. Since Ramdas took the reins, the fund's assets have more than tripled -- and so has the number of countries the group works in, now at 170.
The Global Fund for Women contributes to groups that improve women's economic security, work to end gender-based violence, increase access to education at all stages of life, provide critical health services and encourage women to take leadership roles in the public sector. In interviews, Ramdas has said that grantmakers can learn as much from applicants as applicants do from them. This is a philosophy she employs at Global Fund, where grants are often given with as few strings attached as possible, and proposals are accepted in any language. Her vision stands to change the game, not only in women's rights but in philanthropy as a whole.
Kavita Ramdas | Speaker | TED.com