TED@Westpac
Sarah Murray: A playful solution to the housing crisis
莎菈莫瑞: 處理住房危機的遊戲式解決方案
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,157,928 views
在住房市場中，莎菈莫瑞因為缺乏自主權而創造了一個電腦遊戲，讓買房子的人能設計房子，並直接以模組元件的方式遞送給他們，到現場組裝。來了解一下她如何努力協助想要買房子的人在做這個人生最重大的購買時，能握有控制權、縮減成本、保護環境，同時還協助提供住房給有需要的人。
Sarah Murray - Digital housing developer
Sarah Murray is building a future of democratized design and construction. Full bio
Sarah Murray is building a future of democratized design and construction. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Hi.
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嗨。
00:14
My name's Sarah,
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我是莎菈，
00:17
and I've been priced out
of the housing market.
of the housing market.
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在住房市場中，
我已經買不起房了。
我已經買不起房了。
00:21
In fact,
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事實上，
00:24
I'm one of the majority of my generation
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在我這個世代中，大部分的人
都買不起房，
都買不起房，
00:27
who can't afford a home.
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而我只是其中之一。
00:31
And in 2017, home ownership
amongst young Australians
amongst young Australians
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2017 年，澳洲年輕人
擁有房產的人數比例
擁有房產的人數比例
00:36
has fallen to the lowest level
in recorded history.
in recorded history.
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跌至有史以來的最低點。
00:42
So, foolishly or otherwise,
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所以，不知道是笨還是怎樣，
00:46
I decided to build my own home.
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我決定要建造自己的房子。
00:49
But the prognosis
wasn't good there, either.
wasn't good there, either.
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但很不幸的，事情也並不如我意。
00:53
Architects cater for the one percent,
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建築師只服務 1% 的人，
00:56
builders are scarce,
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建商也不多，
00:57
so service is inconsistent
and prices are high.
and prices are high.
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所以供需並不一致，設計費用很高。
01:02
The single biggest investment in my life,
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這是我人生中最大的一次投資，
01:06
and I was amazed
how little self-determination,
how little self-determination,
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我很訝異，我的自主權、
01:10
choice
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選擇性，
01:12
and, ultimately, control I had.
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及基本的掌控權，竟是如此之少。
01:16
What's more, I was doubly surprised
at how vulnerable this made me feel.
at how vulnerable this made me feel.
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不只如此，讓我更驚訝的是，
這件事讓我感到很受傷。
這件事讓我感到很受傷。
01:22
Frankly, I felt trapped.
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坦白說，我感覺被困住了。
01:27
So, I reflected on this
for quite some time.
for quite some time.
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所以，我花了不少時間
在反思這件事。
在反思這件事。
01:33
And I realized
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我了解到，
01:34
what I wanted was democratized
design and construction.
design and construction.
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我所想要的，是將
設計和建造大眾化。
設計和建造大眾化。
01:41
And that led to me asking
one very simple question:
one very simple question:
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這讓我衍生出了另一個
非常簡單的問題：
非常簡單的問題：
01:47
What is building a house?
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蓋房是什麼？
01:51
What is it?
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要怎麼蓋？
01:52
Well, it turns out that building a house
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結果我發現，建造一間房子
01:57
is making a series of decisions,
some with physical consequences,
some with physical consequences,
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就是要做出一連串的決策，
有些在定義好的參數內
產生出實質的結果。
產生出實質的結果。
02:02
within a defined set of parameters.
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02:06
Now, having worked in software
applications for some time now,
applications for some time now,
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我做軟體應用已經有好一段時間了，
02:10
this all sounded very familiar to me.
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這些對我來說耳熟能詳。
02:13
I also couldn't understand
why we build on-site.
why we build on-site.
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我也無法理解為什麼
我們要在現場建造。
我們要在現場建造。
02:18
No other major assembly in our lives
is constructed like this.
is constructed like this.
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我們生活當中，很多東西
也不是在現場組裝的。
也不是在現場組裝的。
02:23
Your car doesn't come to you in pieces
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你買的車並不會是一片一片的，
02:26
with an extra 10 percent just in case,
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不須要多準備 10% 的材料以防萬一，
02:29
to be assembled at the mercy
of the elements.
of the elements.
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但蓋房得預留 10% 的耗損。
02:32
So why should your house?
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所以你的房子有必要這樣蓋嗎？
02:36
So I built a computer game.
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所以，我打造了一個電腦遊戲。
02:40
A game that allows you to design your home
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這個遊戲讓你能
設計出你自己的住家，
設計出你自己的住家，
02:43
and have it delivered to you.
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還遞送到你的地點。
02:45
A game that puts the home builder
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這個遊戲把自建房者放回到
02:49
back at the center of the largest
purchase in their life,
purchase in their life,
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他們的人生中最巨額之
購買的中心位置，
購買的中心位置，
02:55
elevating them from spectator to player.
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將他們從旁觀者提升到玩家。
03:00
A game with full visibility of the costs
and environmental impact
and environmental impact
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這個遊戲會把你新增加的物件性質
完整地呈現出
完整地呈現出
03:05
of each new attribute you add.
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所需的成本及其對環境的衝擊。
03:08
Using modular components,
players select items from their library
players select items from their library
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用模組元件的方式，玩家可以
從他們的收藏庫中選擇物件，
從他們的收藏庫中選擇物件，
03:13
and drag them into their world.
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拖曳到他們的世界中。
03:16
Each item, be it a wall, a solar battery
or even an armchair,
or even an armchair,
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每個物件，不論是一面牆壁、一個
太陽能電池，或甚至一張扶手椅，
太陽能電池，或甚至一張扶手椅，
03:22
contains all of the information
for the system to calculate costs,
for the system to calculate costs,
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都包含所有的必要資訊，
讓系統可以計算成本、
讓系統可以計算成本、
03:26
environmental impact
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環境衝擊，
03:28
and even a happiness tally for the player.
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甚至快樂指數，給玩家參考。
03:33
Eighty-three percent of home builders
said that next to cost,
said that next to cost,
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有 83% 自己建房的人說，
除了成本之外，
除了成本之外，
03:37
environmentally friendly features
were the most important things to them.
were the most important things to them.
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對他們而言最重要的
就是綠化環保了。
就是綠化環保了。
03:42
So out of the gate, homes
are integrated with solar systems.
are integrated with solar systems.
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所以，到了門口之外，住家就
和太陽能系統整合在一起。
和太陽能系統整合在一起。
03:47
Born green.
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從一開始的設計就是綠色環保的。
03:50
Sustainable housing is often associated
with wealth and affluence,
with wealth and affluence,
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永續住房通常和財富和富裕有關，
03:54
but that shouldn't be the case.
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但不應該是如此的。
03:56
In fact, truly sustainable housing
should be available to everyone
should be available to everyone
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事實上，真正永續的住房
應該是人人可得，
應該是人人可得，
04:01
and affordable for all.
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大家都買得起。
04:04
So, I had found a way to get
the control back that I was craving
the control back that I was craving
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所以，我發現了一種方式，
可以取回我渴望的控制權，
可以取回我渴望的控制權，
04:12
and give it to others.
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並將之給予其他人。
04:15
But something was still bugging me,
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但我心頭還是有困擾，
04:16
something was still
keeping me up at night.
keeping me up at night.
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我晚上還是睡不好。
04:21
What about those people
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有些人真的就是
04:23
who have genuinely no control
over where they live?
over where they live?
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無法控制他們所居住的
地方，他們怎麼辦？
地方，他們怎麼辦？
04:29
Every hour -- in the space
of your intermission --
of your intermission --
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每小時──等同於
你休息空檔的時間──
你休息空檔的時間──
04:33
4,000 new homes are needed in the world.
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全世界就需要 4000 間的新住家。
04:38
Wrap your head around that number.
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用力想想那個數字。
04:41
That's an astonishing 35 million homes
globally, every year.
globally, every year.
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算起來，全球每年就需要
3500 萬間新住家，十分驚人。
3500 萬間新住家，十分驚人。
04:49
And in Australia alone,
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光在澳洲，
04:51
we have a shortfall of 250,000 dwellings.
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我們的住房短缺就有 25 萬間。
04:56
And in addition to that,
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除此之外，
04:59
we have 190,000 families
on the assisted-housing wait list;
on the assisted-housing wait list;
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我們還有 19 萬戶家庭在
資助住屋的等候名單上；
資助住屋的等候名單上；
05:06
families in need of a home.
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這些家庭都需要一個家。
05:11
Between now and 2050,
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從現在到 2050 年之間，
05:14
when the global population
is set to move from today's 7.6 billion
is set to move from today's 7.6 billion
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全球人口預計會從現今的 76 億人
05:21
to tomorrow's 9.8 billion people,
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提升至未來的 98 億人，
05:26
hundreds of millions of people
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將會有數億人
05:30
will experience security, health
and safety issues.
and safety issues.
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會遇到保安、健康，及安全議題。
05:37
Imagine if you can
not feeling secure in your home --
not feeling secure in your home --
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想像一下，如果你在自家裡
都無法感到安全──
都無法感到安全──
05:42
not from crime, not from theft,
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不是因為犯罪，不是因為偷竊，
05:46
but from the fact
that the building you're in --
that the building you're in --
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而是因為你所身處的建物──
05:49
the building you're in --
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你所身處的建物
05:50
might not be structurally sound
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有可能結構不建全
05:53
or built from nontoxic components
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或者不是用無毒元件所建造的，
05:55
or meet local natural disaster standards.
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或者不符合當地的天然災害標準。
06:00
It's the 21st century.
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現在是 21 世紀。
06:03
And this just isn't good enough.
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目前的狀況還不夠好。
06:09
What if -- what if --
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要是──要是──
06:13
we could restore control and dignity
to those individuals
to those individuals
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我們能夠恢復那些人的
控制權和尊嚴呢？
控制權和尊嚴呢？
06:18
by giving them a home,
but not just any home:
but not just any home:
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做法是給予他們一個住家，
但不是隨便一個住家：
但不是隨便一個住家：
06:23
their home,
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是他們的家，
06:24
and a home of their design.
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他們自己設計的家。
06:27
We're currently adapting our game
so that when a player builds a home,
so that when a player builds a home,
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我們還在修改遊戲，
要讓玩家每當建造一間住房時，
要讓玩家每當建造一間住房時，
06:31
they're contributing to a home
for someone in need.
for someone in need.
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就可以把他們的設計
貢獻給需要的人。
貢獻給需要的人。
06:35
And I know this sounds like a lofty goal,
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我知道這聽起來是個崇高的目標，
06:38
and it is ridiculously ambitious,
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很荒謬的雄心壯志，
06:40
but today, our current operating model
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但，現今，我們目前在運作的模型
06:43
operates at a ten-to-one ratio.
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是以十比一的比例在運作的。
06:46
So for every 10 homes we build,
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我們每建造十棟住家，
06:49
we can build a home for someone in need.
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就能為需要的某個人建一棟。
06:52
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:58
This is made possible because today,
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我們之所以能辦到，是因為現今，
07:01
with design for manufacture and assembly,
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製造和組裝的設計
07:05
which uses light gauge
steel frame construction,
steel frame construction,
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用的是輕鋼架結構，
07:10
shipped and assembled on-site,
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運到現場組裝起來，
07:12
we can decrease construction
costs by 20 percent
costs by 20 percent
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這樣我們就能把
建設成本降低 20%，
建設成本降低 20%，
07:15
and environmental waste by 15 percent,
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把環境廢物減少 15%，
07:18
saving time, money
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節省時間和金錢，
07:20
and keeping tons of waste
out of landfills.
out of landfills.
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並為掩埋場減少數噸的廢物。
07:24
The power in modular construction
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模組式建築的厲害之處在於
07:27
is that you can build year-round
with confidence in your costs,
with confidence in your costs,
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一整年的任何時間都可建造，
而且有信心能不超出預算成本，
而且有信心能不超出預算成本，
07:33
in your quality,
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蓋出你要的品質，
07:35
and in your delivery date,
in your build date.
in your build date.
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並在你希望的完工日前完工。
07:38
Now, wouldn't that be crazy?
Wouldn't that be great?
Wouldn't that be great?
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那樣不是很瘋狂嗎？
那樣不是很棒嗎？
那樣不是很棒嗎？
07:41
But --
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但──
07:45
that doesn't get me to my goal.
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那樣並沒有達到我的目標。
07:47
My goal is one-for-one.
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我的目標是一比一。
07:52
So I've been traveling the world,
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所以我不斷造訪世界各地，
07:55
looking at different alternatives
of construction 3-D printing,
of construction 3-D printing,
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尋找不同的
3D 列印建設替代方案，
3D 列印建設替代方案，
07:58
trying to find technology
that will help me deliver on my ambition.
that will help me deliver on my ambition.
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試圖找到能協助我
實現野心的技術。
實現野心的技術。
08:02
3-D printing is so exciting
and so promising,
and so promising,
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3D 列印讓人很興奮，且很理想，
08:07
offering a 40 percent reduction in cost
and near zero waste.
and near zero waste.
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它能讓成本降低 40%，
且幾乎不會產生廢物。
且幾乎不會產生廢物。
08:12
And this is just to name a few,
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這還只是一小部分，
08:14
but some of the really exciting
innovations happening all over the world
innovations happening all over the world
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全世界有一些
很讓人興奮的創新正在發生，
很讓人興奮的創新正在發生，
08:17
are happening in Italy, France,
Dubai and Australia.
Dubai and Australia.
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發生在義大利、法國、
杜拜，及澳洲。
杜拜，及澳洲。
08:21
And they use robotic arms
to print everything from solid stone
to print everything from solid stone
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他們用機械手臂來做所有的列印，
從實心的石頭、混凝土，到蠟。
08:25
to concrete, to wax.
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08:26
In Italy, they have developed
a technique using sorel cement.
a technique using sorel cement.
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在義大利，他們已經發展出了
一項用索雷爾水泥的技術。
一項用索雷爾水泥的技術。
08:31
Sorel cement was originally
invented in 1867,
invented in 1867,
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索雷爾水泥早在 1867 年
就被發明出來，
就被發明出來，
08:36
and it's the beautiful chemical marriage
of magnesium oxide and local sand,
of magnesium oxide and local sand,
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它是氧化鎂和當地的沙土進行
化學混合而成的美好產物，
化學混合而成的美好產物，
08:42
which they can now use
to print solid stone walls.
to print solid stone walls.
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現在可以用來列印出實心的石牆。
08:46
And in France,
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在法國，
08:47
they have a regulator-approved
although still experimental process
although still experimental process
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有一種流程，雖然還在實驗階段
但已經被管理機構核准，
但已經被管理機構核准，
08:51
where they print two parallel
tracks of foam insulation
tracks of foam insulation
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這個流程是用兩道平行的
泡沫材料絕緣軌道，
泡沫材料絕緣軌道，
08:54
and pour concrete in the middle
to create solid stone.
to create solid stone.
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把混凝土注入其中，
來創造出實心的石頭。
來創造出實心的石頭。
08:59
And in Dubai, sitting at the foot
of those two glorious Emirates Towers,
of those two glorious Emirates Towers,
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在杜拜，有兩座朱美拉阿聯酒店大樓
坐落在沙漠當中，
坐落在沙漠當中，
09:04
is a vision of the future
in the middle of the desert.
in the middle of the desert.
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象徵著未來建築的遠景。
09:07
They've got their experimental
office of the future,
office of the future,
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他們有個實驗性的未來辦公室，
09:11
which is constructed
using 3-D printed concrete
using 3-D printed concrete
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用 3D 列印的混凝土建造，
09:14
which was printed in China
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列印是在中國進行的，
09:16
and shipped and assembled
on location in Dubai.
on location in Dubai.
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接著運送到杜拜，在當地組裝。
09:19
And not to be outdone,
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在澳洲，我們也不示弱，
09:20
in Australia, we've pioneered
an amazing technology
an amazing technology
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開闢了一項了不起的技術，
09:24
that allows you to print wax molds
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讓你能夠列印出蠟模具，
09:26
and pour concrete over the top of them,
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把混凝土注入到模具上，
09:29
allowing you to create really intricately
beautiful and cost-effective facades
beautiful and cost-effective facades
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就可以創造出具有複雜之美
及成本效益的外觀，
及成本效益的外觀，
09:35
that you can see in person
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下次你搭倫敦地鐵的時候
就可以親眼看到。
就可以親眼看到。
09:36
the next time you travel
the London Underground.
the London Underground.
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09:38
But all of these things are tools --
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但這些東西都是工具，
09:42
hammer of tomorrow, if you like.
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也可以說是明日的建築工具。
09:44
And the one common thread
that connects all these things
that connects all these things
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貫穿所有這些東西的，
09:47
is computer-aided design.
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就是電腦輔助的設計。
09:50
We will need models
to build using these techniques,
to build using these techniques,
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我們需要運用這些技術
建造出來的模型，
建造出來的模型，
09:55
models like the ones being developed
by players in our game.
by players in our game.
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就像我們的遊戲中
玩家開發出來的模型。
玩家開發出來的模型。
10:02
I want to put every person that wants one
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我想要讓每一個想要有個家的人
10:06
in a home of their own design.
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都能設計出他們自己的家。
10:09
And there are many
more applications still.
more applications still.
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且還有許多其他的應用。
10:12
We could usher in an entirely new
empowered experience
empowered experience
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我們可以開創出具有全新體驗、
10:17
of special needs
or aged-care accommodation.
or aged-care accommodation.
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依特殊需求設計的老人關護住家。
10:20
And we could provide rapid,
on-site assistance
on-site assistance
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而在緊急的住房情況中，我們能夠
10:23
in emergency housing situations.
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提供快速、現場的協助。
10:26
In the words of one of my players,
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引述我的其中一位玩家的說法：
10:28
"I want to take matters into my own hands
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「我想要靠自己的雙手來做事，
10:31
and live by example."
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並以身作則。」
10:35
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:36
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Murray - Digital housing developerSarah Murray is building a future of democratized design and construction.
Why you should listen
Sarah Murray dreams of a future where sustainable housing is available for everyone and affordable for all. She's building this future, with PLACE Technologies, a digital manufacturing social enterprise powered by the PLACE game, a computer game that allows players to design their own homes and have them delivered to them. For every ten homes PLACE builds, they will house someone in need.
As an entrepreneur in residence with 15 years experience and a graduate of the prestigious Stanford LEAD program, Murray passionately applies this powerful cocktail of skills and experience to the challenges of some of the world's largest organizations and society's most intractable issues.
Sarah Murray | Speaker | TED.com