David Baker: 5 challenges we could solve by designing new proteins
大衛 · 貝克: 透由設計新的蛋白質,我們能夠解決五大挑戰
David Baker designs new biomolecules (proteins) from first principles to address 21st-century challenges in health and technology. Full bio
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amazing machines in the world
functions in our bodies.
執行所有重要的功能。
of building blocks called amino acids.
積木構成的線性鏈。
you may have heard of.
each bump is an atom.
每個凹凸都是個原子。
cause these long stringy molecules
使這些長而細的分子
three-dimensional structures.
to its characteristic shape each time,
takes just a fraction of a second.
their remarkable biological functions.
in the lungs perfectly suited
of amino acids in the protein chain.
on top is an amino acid.
specify the amino acid sequences
sequence of a single protein.
these amino acid sequences
and functions of proteins
shapes a protein can adopt.
to harness the power of proteins
to the amino acid sequences
that our Stone Age ancestors used
from the sticks and stones
by modifying birds.
修改鳥類來學習飛行。
uncovered the principles of aerodynamics.
發現氣體動力學的原理,
to design custom flying machines.
來設計和製作飛行機器。
principles of protein folding
in the computer program called Rosetta.
電腦軟體將這些原理編碼。
from scratch on the computer.
設計全新的蛋白質。
in a synthetic gene.
將其氨基酸序列編碼。
is completely new,
which currently exists that encodes it.
有它的基因編碼。
protein folding
of gene synthesis
in computing power,
tens of thousands of new proteins,
in a synthetic gene.
these brand-new proteins.
as we designed them to
to make new proteins,
of the total number of proteins possible.
總數中的一小部分。
an alphabet of 20 amino acids,
20 個氨基酸字母,
of about 100 amino acids,
大約 100 個氨基酸的長鏈,
is 20 times 20 times 20, 100 times,
of 10 to the 130th power,
than the total number of proteins
since life on earth began.
來設計和探索蛋白質的
using computational protein design.
faced by natural evolution.
diseases are important.
因此新疾病極其重要。
of ecological challenges.
to solve those challenges.
或許能解決這些挑戰。
millions of years to wait.
protein design,
to address these challenges today.
來對付當前的挑戰。
biology out of the Stone Age
in protein design.
that we can design new proteins
by stimulating your immune system
against a pathogen.
proteins from pathogens,
from the respiratory virus RSV.
(Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
真的含有病毒蛋白,
with the viral protein,
對病毒的免疫反應
immune response to the virus
that have been tested.
is currently one of the leading causes
呼吸道融合病毒 RSV
to break down gluten in your stomach
來分解胃中的麩質,
your immune system to fight cancer.
來刺激免疫系統對抗癌症。
of the protein design revolution.
technological revolution:
due to advances in one place,
collaborative environment,
from around the world.
string of innovations --
satellite communication
the Bell Laboratories of protein design.
蛋白質設計的貝爾實驗室。
talented scientists from around the world
世界各地的優秀科學家
design revolution,
on five grand challenges.
from around the world
蛋白質設計顆粒的頂部,
of the designed protein particles
一種通用的流感疫苗,
of protection against the flu.
new vaccines on the computer
against natural flu epidemics
acts of bioterrorism.
nature's limited alphabet
for conditions such as chronic pain,
of thousands of amino acids.
advanced delivery vehicles
exactly where they need to go in the body.
它們應該進入的體內位置。
where gene repair needs to take place.
that can do calculations within the body
能在體內運算的智慧療法,
subset of immune cells
一小部分免疫細胞,
majority of healthy immune cells.
健康的免疫細胞區隔開來。
biological materials
非凡的生物材料,
tooth and others,
protein-based materials
and ecological issues.
we're growing our institute.
我們正在擴展我們機構。
talented and diverse scientists
多元的科學家——
at all career stages,
in the protein design revolution
折疊和設計遊戲「Foldit」
folding and design game, "Foldit."
computing project, Rosetta@home,
Rosetta@home,
or your Android smartphone.
或安卓智慧手機上操作。
through protein design is my life's work.
是我的終生職志。
what we can do together.
深深鼓舞著我。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Baker - Computational biologistDavid Baker designs new biomolecules (proteins) from first principles to address 21st-century challenges in health and technology.
Why you should listen
David Baker is fascinated by biological self-organization. For example: How does the information stored in DNA translate into the intricate world of proteins and cells? The DNA code was solved more than 50 years ago, but the protein folding code has remained one of biology's greatest challenges. Starting 20 years ago, Baker's research team began using computers to model the structures of proteins. His work has advanced to the point where he can now not only predict the shape of natural proteins but also design completely new ones. In recent years, he's designed new experimental cancer therapies, vaccines, nanomaterials and more. He believes that the emerging field of protein design will fundamentally change how people make medicines, materials and more around the world. Now that the protein folding code is solved, the sky's the limit.
Baker is a Professor of Biochemistry and the Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington in Seattle. He's also an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Adjunct Professor of Genome Sciences, Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Science, and Physics at the UW. With his colleagues, he developed the Rosetta Commons, the Rosetta@Home project and Foldit, a science video game. He has also launched more than ten companies that are seeking to bring designed proteins into the real world.
David Baker | Speaker | TED.com