TED Salon: Border Stories
Juan Enriquez: A personal plea for humanity at the US-Mexico border
胡安恩利克斯: 為美墨邊界所做的個人請願
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
1,394,621 views
在這場很個人化的強大演說當中，作家兼學者胡安恩利克斯分享了美墨邊界移民危機的故事，把這個經常抽象化的辯論，重新帶回到踏實面－並說明你日常中可以做些小事，讓移民有歸屬感。「重點不是孩子和邊界，」他說：「重點是我們。重點是在國家及個人的層級上，我們是誰、我們人民是誰。」
Juan Enriquez - Futurist
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
This one's personal.
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這是場帶有很重個人色彩的演說。
00:17
I know what it's like
to have the government say,
to have the government say,
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我知道，當聽到政府說：
00:20
"We're going to kill you in the morning."
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「明天早上我們會殺了你。」
是什麼感覺。
是什麼感覺。
00:24
I know what it's like
to leave a country on six hours' notice
to leave a country on six hours' notice
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我知道，接到通知被要求
在六小時內離開國家，
在六小時內離開國家，
00:27
and land on someone's couch.
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只能睡別人家沙發的感覺。
00:29
Because of that, I wrote a book
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因此，我寫了一本書，
00:31
on why countries do well
and why they don't.
and why they don't.
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談了談國家經營得好與不好的原因。
00:35
Let me summarize 250 pages.
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讓我把那兩百五十頁做個總結。
00:37
Countries have to be compassionate,
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這個國家必須要有同情心，
必須要善良，
必須要善良，
00:39
they have to be kind,
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00:40
they have to be smart,
they have to be brave.
they have to be brave.
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必須要聰明，必須要勇敢。
00:43
Want to know what doesn't work?
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想知道怎樣是行不通的嗎？
00:45
When you govern through fear
and you govern through cruelty,
and you govern through cruelty,
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透過恐懼，透過殘忍來治理國家，
00:48
it just doesn't work.
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這是行不通的。
00:50
You can play Genghis Khan for a while,
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你可以暫時扮演成吉思汗，
00:51
you can play Stalin for a while,
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你可以暫時扮演史達林，
暫時扮演皮諾契特，
暫時扮演皮諾契特，
00:53
you can play Pinochet for a while.
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00:55
It does not work in the long run.
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但長期就行不通了。
00:58
And it doesn't work in the long run
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長期之所以行不通，
01:00
because to govern
through fear and cruelty,
through fear and cruelty,
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是因為要透過恐懼和殘忍
來治理國家的話，
來治理國家的話，
01:03
you have to create a division.
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就不得不創造出分裂。
01:05
You have to take big chunks
of the country and convince them
of the country and convince them
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你得要說服人數多的族群，
說他們和其他人不同。
01:08
that they're not like them.
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01:11
That they shouldn't associate with them,
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不該和非我族類拉上關係，
不該和他們說話。
不該和他們說話。
01:13
they shouldn't talk to them.
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這些人很下流，他們是罪犯，
01:15
That those people are nasty,
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01:16
those people are criminals,
those people are rapists.
those people are rapists.
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他們是強暴犯。
01:20
And the country is in danger
because of them.
because of them.
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因為他們的存在，國家陷入危險。
01:24
And if you spend millions of dollars
doing that in your country,
doing that in your country,
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如果你在你的國家中
花數百萬美金來這麼做，
花數百萬美金來這麼做，
01:28
you will make enemies abroad,
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出則敵國外患，
01:32
and you will create divisions within.
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內則四分五裂。
01:35
And that has consequences.
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那是會有很嚴重的後果的。
01:37
Three quarters of the flags
and the borders and the anthems
and the borders and the anthems
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現今美國周圍四分之三的
旗幟，邊界和國歌，
旗幟，邊界和國歌，
01:40
around the United Nations today,
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01:41
they were not there a few decades ago.
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幾十年前並不存在。
01:45
Those lines that are there today,
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現今，會有那些邊界，
01:47
those flags were created
because somebody said,
because somebody said,
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會有那些國旗，是因為有人說：
01:49
"the Scotts are not like us,"
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「蘇格蘭人和我們不同」，
「威爾斯人和我們不同」，
「威爾斯人和我們不同」，
01:51
"the Welsh are not like us,"
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01:52
"the Basques are not like us,"
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「巴斯克人和我們不同」，
「北義大利人和我們不同」，
「北義大利人和我們不同」，
01:54
"the northern Italians are not like us,"
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「穆斯林和我們不同」，
01:56
"the Muslims are not like us,"
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01:57
the blacks, the whites, the Christians.
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黑人，白人，基督徒。
02:01
You create "us versus them" ...
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當「我們 」和 「他們」的
區別意識出現，
區別意識出現，
02:04
you destroy nations.
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國家就會分崩離析。
02:07
Part of the problem
from creating us versus them
from creating us versus them
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問題是，創造「我們 」
與「 他們」的區別意識是很難的。
與「 他們」的區別意識是很難的。
02:09
is it's hard to do.
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02:12
What you have to do
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你要做的是
讓大家相信荒誕無比的事。
讓大家相信荒誕無比的事。
02:13
is you have to make people
believe absurdities.
believe absurdities.
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02:17
And once people believe absurdities,
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一旦大家相信了荒誕之事，
02:19
then they start to commit atrocities.
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他們就會開始犯下暴行。
02:22
That's the dynamic of this thing.
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它的運作動能就是如此。
02:23
You can't create "us versus them" --
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如果你無法創造出「我們 」
與「他們」的區別意識——
與「他們」的區別意識——
02:26
you can't have the massacres
you had in Rwanda,
you had in Rwanda,
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就不可能有盧安達的大屠殺，
02:28
you can't have the massacres
you had in Yugoslavia --
you had in Yugoslavia --
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就不可能有南斯拉夫的大屠殺——
02:31
unless if you create this dynamic.
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除非你創造出了這種動能。
02:34
Let me summarize
current immigration policy.
current immigration policy.
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讓我總結一下目前的移民政策。
02:36
Let's deter "Them"
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我們要威懾「他們」，
02:38
by being as cruel as we can possibly be,
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手法越殘酷越好；
02:41
and let's target their children.
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讓我們把他們的孩子作為目標。
02:45
They are going after the children.
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他們要對付孩子。
02:49
You have US lawyers arguing
that kids do not need
that kids do not need
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有律師忙著做出
02:52
soap or hugs or showers,
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「孩子不需要肥皂、擁抱、淋浴、
02:54
adult help or a release date.
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成人的協助或者釋放日期」的主張。
02:57
Somebody gets pulled over
for a broken tail light,
for a broken tail light,
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有人因為車尾燈壞掉而被攔下，
02:59
who's worked here for 20 years,
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他在這裡工作了二十年，
03:02
gets thrown into jail,
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卻被丟到監獄，
03:04
maybe for life,
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也許會在那裡待上一生，
03:05
with no legal representation.
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而他卻沒有法律顧問。
03:07
The terrorists that blew up
the World Trade Center get lawyers.
the World Trade Center get lawyers.
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那些炸掉世貿大樓的
恐怖分子都有律師。
恐怖分子都有律師。
03:11
These kids, these parents,
they don't get lawyers.
they don't get lawyers.
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而這些孩子、這些父母，
他們沒有律師。
他們沒有律師。
03:15
Governments are telling
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政府告訴這些可能是
地球上最絕望、最受傷的人：
地球上最絕望、最受傷的人：
03:17
some of the most desperate,
hurt people on earth,
hurt people on earth,
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03:19
"I took your child, pay me 800 dollars
for a DNA test before you get it back."
for a DNA test before you get it back."
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「我要帶走你的孩子，
要回來之前要先付我
八百美金的 DNA 檢測費。」
八百美金的 DNA 檢測費。」
03:24
Three-year-olds are appearing in court.
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三歲的孩子們出現在法庭上。
03:27
Look, we've all watched these
courtroom dramas.
courtroom dramas.
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我們都看過法庭電影，
03:31
And it's exciting,
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他們都很令人興奮。
03:32
because the wise judge sits up there,
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因為電影中有明智的法官坐在那裡，
03:35
and the defense lawyer attacks
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辯方律師攻擊，
03:37
and the prosecutor counterattacks,
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控方則反擊，
03:39
and then you figure out
how it's going to happen.
how it's going to happen.
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接著你便能猜出後續會如何發展。
03:42
I want you to understand
what is happening right now.
what is happening right now.
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我希望各位能了解現在的狀況。
03:47
Prosecutor's there --
it's the tough prosecutor.
it's the tough prosecutor.
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那裡的檢察官——很強勢。
03:52
Accusing, attacking,
on behalf of we the people.
on behalf of we the people.
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他們代表我們人民來指控、攻擊。
03:57
The judge is up there, Judge Muckety-muck,
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上頭的法官，神氣活現的大人物，
03:59
with his black robes,
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穿著黑袍，
04:02
and he's questioning the defendant
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他高高在上地質疑
04:04
from up there.
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04:07
And the defendant is three years old
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僅僅三歲的被告，
04:09
and the eyes don't reach
the side of the table.
the side of the table.
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而被告的眼睛都沒有桌面高。
04:14
The defendant does not speak the language.
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被告不會說他們的語言。
04:17
The earphones for the translator
have fallen off the defendant's head,
have fallen off the defendant's head,
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被告戴在頭上的
翻譯耳機掉落下來，
翻譯耳機掉落下來，
04:22
because there are no headphones
for three-year-olds in US courtrooms,
for three-year-olds in US courtrooms,
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因為美國法庭上沒有
適合三歲小孩用的耳機，
適合三歲小孩用的耳機，
04:28
because they are not supposed
to defend themselves.
to defend themselves.
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因為他們根本不應該為自己辯護。
04:33
This makes a mockery of justice,
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這顯得司法很可笑，
04:34
it makes a mockery
of the prosecution system,
of the prosecution system,
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這顯得檢察制度很可笑，
04:37
it makes a mockery
of who we are as a nation.
of who we are as a nation.
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這顯得我們這個國家很可笑。
04:40
These are absurdities.
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這些都很荒誕。
04:42
These are atrocities.
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這些都是暴行。
04:43
This is unbelievable.
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讓人無法置信的暴行。
04:45
And we're looking
at a bunch of statistics,
at a bunch of statistics,
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我們看著的是一堆統計數字，
但我希望各位知道，
04:47
but I want you to understand,
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04:49
this is happening to the housekeeper
who brought up your kids.
who brought up your kids.
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這樣的事情發生在
將你的孩子帶大的女傭身上。
將你的孩子帶大的女傭身上。
04:55
This is happening to the gardener
who took care of your house.
who took care of your house.
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這樣的事情發生在
照料你的房子的園丁身上。
照料你的房子的園丁身上。
05:00
This is happening to the guy
who washed the dishes
who washed the dishes
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這樣的事情發生在
幫上週你造訪的高檔
餐廳洗碗的人身上。
餐廳洗碗的人身上。
05:02
in the fancy restaurant
you went to last week.
you went to last week.
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05:07
This is happening to the people
who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.
who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.
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這樣的事情發生在
早上送報紙的人身上。
早上送報紙的人身上。
05:10
This is your community,
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這是你所在的社區，
05:12
these are the people who have lived
side by side with you.
side by side with you.
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這些人就住在你附近。
05:17
Treated you well,
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他們對你很好，他們尊重你，
05:18
treated you with respect,
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照顧你的孩子，照顧你的祖父母。
05:19
taken care of your kids,
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05:21
taken care of your grandparents.
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這是路易斯，這是蘿拉，
05:22
This is Luis, this is Laura,
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05:25
this is Jaime.
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這是海米。
05:26
This isn't some abstract,
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這並不是抽象的：「喔，
這是邊界那邊的事」——
這是邊界那邊的事」——
05:28
"Oh, it's happening at the border" --
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05:30
this is happening
in our community, right now.
in our community, right now.
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這現在就發生在我們的社區內。
05:35
And the danger in this stuff
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這背後的危險是
05:37
is once you start normalizing
absurdities and atrocities,
absurdities and atrocities,
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一旦人們開始把荒誕和暴行正常化，
05:40
people think that
those instruments are legitimate.
those instruments are legitimate.
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大家會認為這些手段是合法的。
05:43
So you get school boards
sending out letters like this:
sending out letters like this:
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所以學校董事會會寄
像這樣的信給你：
像這樣的信給你：
05:46
"Dear Parent,
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「親愛的學生家長，
05:47
because your kid owes
lunch money to the cafeteria,
lunch money to the cafeteria,
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因為你的孩子欠餐廳午餐錢，
05:52
the result may be that your child
will be taken away
will be taken away
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所以你的孩子會被帶走，
05:54
and put in foster care."
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交由寄養照顧。」
05:56
This is going out from school boards
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這訊息來自學校董事會，
因為大家認為：
因為大家認為：
05:58
because people think,
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05:59
"Well, that seems to be
an instrument of deterrence."
an instrument of deterrence."
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「嗯，那似乎是威懾的手段。」
06:05
When you board an airplane,
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當你登上飛機，
06:08
before kids, before first class,
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穿制服的士兵比孩子、頭等艙乘客
06:12
soldiers in uniform board.
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都早登機。
06:15
Some of them are immigrants.
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他們中有些人是移民。
06:18
Here's a contract: join the army,
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合約如下：加入軍隊，
06:21
serve your term, be honorably discharged,
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服滿役期，光榮退役，
06:23
get citizenship.
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取得公民權。
06:26
We are rescinding those contracts
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可我們在那些合約簽署後，
06:28
after they have been signed.
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廢除了這些合約。
06:31
And if those soldiers
are killed in action,
are killed in action,
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如果那些士兵陣亡在戰場，
06:33
we are deporting their wives,
and sometimes, their children.
and sometimes, their children.
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我們會驅逐他們的妻子，
有時連孩子一起驅逐。
有時連孩子一起驅逐。
06:37
These are the people who protect us.
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他們是在保護我們的人。
06:39
These are the people that we honor.
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他們是我們應該給予尊敬的人。
06:42
These are the brave.
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他們是勇敢的人。
06:43
And this is how we're treating them.
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而這卻是我們對待他們的方式。
06:45
These are not the people
who cross the border illegally.
who cross the border illegally.
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他們並不是非法通過邊界的人。
06:48
Once you start allowing
this kind of behavior,
this kind of behavior,
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一旦你開始容許這種行為發生，
06:51
it normalizes into a society,
and it rips the society apart.
and it rips the society apart.
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它就會被正常化，融入社會，
讓這個社會四分五裂。
讓這個社會四分五裂。
06:57
Countries are built on the hard work
and grit of immigrants;
and grit of immigrants;
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國家是靠移民的努力勤勉
和膽識而建造起來的；
和膽識而建造起來的；
07:00
we are all immigrants.
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我們都是移民。
07:02
We just came at different times.
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我們只是來的時間不一樣。
07:04
Fifty-five percent
of this country's main businesses,
of this country's main businesses,
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這個國家的主要企業，
這個國家中最成功的企業，最頂尖的
那些企業，當中有有 55%
那些企業，當中有有 55%
07:09
the most successful businesses
in this country, the unicorns,
in this country, the unicorns,
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07:13
are built by people who came
as foreign students or as immigrants,
as foreign students or as immigrants,
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是由以外國學生或移民身分
來到這個國家的人所建造的，
來到這個國家的人所建造的，
07:17
and they're the founders
or the cofounders.
or the cofounders.
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他們是創辦人或共同創辦人。
07:19
Well, here's what's happened
over the last three years
over the last three years
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在過去三年，全世界最聰明的人們
07:22
to the best brains in the world.
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遭遇了這樣子的狀況。
07:24
Forty-two percent of them
did not get visas
did not get visas
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他們當中有 42% 無法取得簽證，
07:27
or chose not to get visas.
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或選擇不要取得簽證。
07:29
This is how you wipe out an economy.
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這就是人們摧毀經濟的方式。
07:31
This isn't about kids and borders.
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重點不是孩子和邊界。
07:34
It's about us.
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重點是我們。
07:37
This is about who we are,
who we the people are,
who we the people are,
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重點是，在國家及個人的層級上
07:41
as a nation and as individuals.
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我們是誰、我們人民是誰。
07:44
This is not an abstract debate.
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這不是一場十分抽象的辯論。
07:49
A lot of us like to think
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我們很多人會想，
07:52
if we had been back
when Hitler was rising to power,
when Hitler was rising to power,
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如果我們回到希特勒掌權的時候，
07:56
we would have been out in the street,
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我們會走上街頭，
我們會反對他，
我們會阻止門格勒。
我們會阻止門格勒。
07:57
we would have opposed him,
we would have stopped Mengele.
we would have stopped Mengele.
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08:00
A lot of us like to think,
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我們很多人會想，
08:03
if we had been around during the '60s,
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如果我們在六○年代，
我們會支持自由乘車運動者。
我們會支持自由乘車運動者。
08:05
we would have been
with the Freedom Riders.
with the Freedom Riders.
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08:07
We would have been
at that bridge in Selma.
at that bridge in Selma.
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我們會走上塞爾瑪的橋。
08:09
Well, guess what?
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嗯，猜猜如何？
08:11
Here's your chance.
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你的機會來了。
08:13
It's now.
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就是現在。
08:14
And as you're thinking about this stuff,
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當你去思考這些時，
08:17
it's not just the giant acts,
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重點不是偉大的行為，
重點不是去阻擋橋樑，
重點不是去阻擋橋樑，
08:19
it's not just go and block the bridge
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08:21
or chain yourself to something.
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或者把自己鏈在某處。
08:24
It's what you do in your daily lives.
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重點是你在日常生活的所做所為。
08:26
The Harvard Art Museum just opened a show
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哈佛藝術博物館剛開始一個展覽，
08:31
on how artists think about immigration
and building a home somewhere else.
and building a home somewhere else.
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內容是藝術家對移民
以及到其他地方建立家園的看法。
以及到其他地方建立家園的看法。
08:35
And people come out of that show
and they're pretty shaken.
and they're pretty shaken.
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離開那個展覽的人都很震驚。
08:38
There was a blank wall at the end.
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最後有一面空白的牆。
08:41
And the curators did something
that usually doesn't happen --
that usually doesn't happen --
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策展人做了一件
通常不會做的事——
通常不會做的事——
08:44
they improvised.
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他們即興創作。
08:46
They drew four lines,
and put in two words:
and put in two words:
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他們畫了四條線，加上兩個字：
「我屬於這裡。」
08:49
"I belong."
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離開這個展覽時，
你可以在它前面照像。
你可以在它前面照像。
08:50
So you come out of this exhibit,
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08:52
and you can take a picture in front of it.
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我無法告訴各位
它對大家的影響——
它對大家的影響——
08:54
I can't tell you the impact
that has on people --
that has on people --
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08:56
I watched people come out of this,
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我看著人們從展覽出來，
08:59
and some of them sat
in front of that picture,
in front of that picture,
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有些人坐在那張圖前面，
09:01
took a picture, and they had
a great, big grin on their face,
a great, big grin on their face,
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拍了照片，臉上有著大大的笑容，
09:04
and some people just had tears.
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有些人則是在落淚。
有些人會擁抱，把陌生人拉進來，
09:07
Some people hugged
and brought in strangers,
and brought in strangers,
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09:09
others brought in their family.
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還有人把家人帶進來。
09:13
Small acts of kindness
go a long, long, long way.
go a long, long, long way.
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小小的仁慈之舉
能夠持續很久很久。
能夠持續很久很久。
09:18
There is pain going on in your community
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在你的社區中，
有你無法置信的痛苦存在。
有你無法置信的痛苦存在。
09:20
like you cannot believe.
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09:23
So next time you're with a cab driver
who may be one of "Them,"
who may be one of "Them,"
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所以，下次，
若根據某些人的說法，
若根據某些人的說法，
當你的計程車司機可能
是「他們」中的一員時，
是「他們」中的一員時，
09:26
according to certain people,
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09:28
give that person an extra five bucks.
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多給那個人五美金。
09:32
Next time you see a hotel maid,
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下次當你碰到飯店的女佣，
09:34
thank her and tip her double.
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謝謝她，給她雙倍小費。
09:37
Next time you see your gardener,
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下次當你碰到你的園丁，
09:40
you see your nanny,
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碰到你的褓姆，
09:42
you see somebody like this,
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碰到這類人士，
給他們一個大擁抱，
給他們一個大擁抱，
09:43
give them a great, big hug,
and tell them they belong.
and tell them they belong.
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告訴他們，他們屬於這裡。
讓他們覺得他們屬於這裡。
讓他們覺得他們屬於這裡。
09:46
Make them feel like they belong.
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09:48
It's time for big policies,
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現在是推出重大政策的時候，也是
09:50
but it's also time
for big acts of kindness.
for big acts of kindness.
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做出重大仁慈之舉的時候。
09:55
Because we have to reclaim who we are,
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因為我們得要改造我們，
09:57
we have to reclaim this nation.
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我們得要改造這個國家。
09:59
(Voice breaking) And we cannot sit there
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（打斷）我們不能坐在那裡，
10:02
and watch this shit going on.
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看著這種鳥事發生。
10:05
This has got to stop,
it's got to stop now.
it's got to stop now.
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這必須要停止，
現在就必須要停止。
現在就必須要停止。
10:09
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:10
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com