ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kotchakorn Voraakhom - Urban landscape architect
Kotchakorn Voraakhom is a landscape architect who works on building green public space that tackle climate change.

Why you should listen

Kotchakorn Voraakhom never thought her childhood pastimes -- like boat paddling with friends in the floodwaters in front of her house -- would later signal a catastrophic disaster: a sinking city. To help save her hometown of Bangkok from rising sea levels and climate change, Voraakhom founded the landscape architecture design firm Landprocess. She is also the founder of Porous City Network, a social enterprise working to solve urban environmental problems and increase urban resilience across Southeast Asia by aiding, engaging and educating climate-vulnerable communities about productive landscape design.

In Bangkok, Voraakhom and her team has turned an invaluable commercial property in the heart of the city into Chulalongkorn Centenary Park, a flood-proof, water-retention public green space. Voraakhom also works as a design consultant for the Bangkok250, a major redevelopment project for the city's 250th anniversary. Voraakhom is an Echoing Green Climate Fellow, Atlantic Fellow and Asia Foundation Development Fellow. She received her master's in landscape architecture from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design.

More profile about the speaker
Kotchakorn Voraakhom | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2018

Kotchakorn Voraakhom: How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods

Kotchakorn Voraakhom: 从下陷的城市到能够抗洪的园林

Filmed:
1,750,805 views

TED 成员 Kotchakorn Voraakhom 说: “从伦敦到东京,气候变化正在引起城市沉陷。现代水泥建筑让我们在严重的洪水面前变得如此无力。” 但是,如果我们能设计出抵御洪水的城市呢?在这个鼓舞人心的演讲中,Voraakhom 讲述了她是如何在曼谷设计建造出一个可以吸纳一百万加仑雨水的巨大公园。她通过演讲呼吁更多应对气候变化的解决方案,并使城市与大自然重新连接。
- Urban landscape architect
Kotchakorn Voraakhom is a landscape architect who works on building green public space that tackle climate change. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
At this very moment时刻,
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此时此刻,
我们每呼吸一口气,
00:16
with every一切 breath呼吸 we take,
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全球主要港口城市都下沉一点点,
00:19
major重大的 delta三角洲 cities城市
across横过 the globe地球 are sinking下沉,
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包括纽约、伦敦、
00:23
including包含 New York纽约, London伦敦,
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00:26
Tokyo东京, Shanghai上海, New Orleans奥尔良,
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东京、上海、新奥尔良、
和我的城市曼谷。
00:30
and as well as my city, Bangkok曼谷.
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00:35
Here is the usual通常 version
of climate气候 change更改.
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这是气候变化最常见的版本。
00:40
This is mine.
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而这是我所看见的。
00:42
Nothing much,
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这也没什么,
就是一条鳄鱼出现在了大街上。
00:43
just a crocodile鳄鱼 on the street.
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(笑声)
00:45
(Laughter笑声)
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这是气候变化带来的
一个严重结果:
00:47
This is an urgent紧急 impact碰撞
of climate气候 change更改:
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我们的城市正在沉陷。
00:50
our sinking下沉 cities城市.
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00:54
Here, you can see
the urbanization城市化 of Bangkok曼谷,
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你可以看到曼谷的城区
正在向四周扩大,
00:58
growing生长 in every一切 direction方向,
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从蓬松的耕地,
01:01
shifting from porous多孔, agricultural农业的 land土地 --
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01:05
the land土地 that can breathe呼吸
and absorb吸收 water --
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能够呼吸空气和雨水的土地,
变成了水泥的丛林。
01:09
to a concrete具体 jungle丛林.
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01:13
This is what parts部分 of it look like
after 30 minutes分钟 of rainfall雨量.
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这就是在三十分钟的降雨后
城市中部分地区的掠影,
01:18
And every一切 time it rains降雨,
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每次下雨,
我都希望我的车能变成一艘小船。
01:20
I wish希望 my car汽车 could turn into a boat.
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01:24
This land土地 has no room房间 for water.
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这片土地已经水饱和了,
01:27
It has lost丢失 its absorbent吸水 capacity容量.
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失去了吸水的能力。
01:34
The reality现实 of Bangkok's曼谷的
metropolitan宗主 region地区
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曼谷这座大都会城市
汇集了一千五百万人,
01:37
is a city of 15 million百万 people
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他们工作、生活和通勤在这个
会移动的和布满淤泥的河岸上。
01:43
living活的, working加工 and commuting上下班
on top最佳 of a shifting, muddy river delta三角洲.
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01:49
Bangkok曼谷 is sinking下沉
more than one centimeter厘米 per year,
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曼谷每年都会下沉超过1厘米。
这比海平面上升的速度高出了4倍。
01:54
which哪一个 is four times faster更快
than the rate of predicted预料到的 sea level水平 rise上升.
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02:02
And we could be below下面 sea level水平 by 2030,
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到2030年,这座城市
可能会低于海平面,
没有多少时间了。
02:08
which哪一个 will be here too soon不久.
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02:12
There is no coincidence巧合 that I am here
as a landscape景观 architect建筑师.
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作为景观设计师,
我站在这里并不是偶然。
02:19
As a child儿童, I grew成长 up in a row house
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小时候,我在一个
繁忙公路旁的排屋长大。
02:23
next下一个 to the busy road
always filled填充 with traffic交通.
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02:28
In front面前 of my house,
there was a concrete具体 parking停車處 lot,
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在屋子的前面,
有一个水泥地的停车场,
那里是我的游乐场。
02:32
and that was my playground操场.
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02:36
The only living活的 creature生物 I would find,
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我能发现的唯一生物,
也是非常喜欢的,
02:40
and had fun开玩笑 with,
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就是在水泥地裂缝中悄悄生长的
02:42
were these sneaky偷偷摸摸 little plants植物
trying to grow增长 through通过 the crack裂纹
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那些小小的绿色植物。
02:47
of the concrete具体 pavement路面.
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02:49
My favorite喜爱 game游戏 with friends朋友
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我和朋友们最喜欢的游戏
02:52
was to dig a bigger
and bigger hole through通过 this crack裂纹
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就是在这些裂缝中挖一个更大的坑,
让这些小植物能够生长,
02:58
to let this little plant creep爬行 out --
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不断地爬出来。
03:01
sneak潜行 out more and more.
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03:05
And yes, landscape景观 architecture建筑
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是的,景观设计
使我能够有机会
继续实现我远大的目标,
03:08
gives me the opportunity机会
to continue继续 my cracking开裂 ambition志向 --
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(笑声)
03:14
(Laughter笑声)
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将水泥地与大自然融为一体。
03:15
to connect this concrete具体 land土地
back to nature性质.
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03:22
Before, Thais泰国人 -- my people --
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以前,我们泰国人
适应了干湿交替的季节变换。
03:25
we were adapted适应 to the cycle周期
of the wet湿 and dry season季节,
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你可以说我们是水陆两栖。
03:31
and you could all us amphibious水陆两用.
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(笑声)
03:34
(Laughter笑声)
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我们可以在陆地上和水上生活,
03:35
We lived生活 both on land土地 and on water.
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03:38
We were adapted适应 to both.
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两种环境都可以适应。
03:42
And flooding洪水 was a happy快乐 event事件,
when the water fertilized受精 our land土地.
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洪水是一件令人开心的事情,
因为水能够滋养土地。
03:49
But now, flooding洪水 means手段 ...
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但现在, 洪涝却意味着——
03:52
disaster灾害.
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灾难。
03:54
In 2011,
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在2011年,
泰国历经了一场史上最严重,
也是经济损失最大的
03:56
Thailand泰国 was hit击中 by the most damaging有害
and the most expensive昂贵 flood洪水 disaster灾害
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04:03
in our history历史.
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洪涝灾害。
04:05
Flooding洪水 has turned转身 central中央 Thailand泰国
into an enormous巨大 lake.
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这让泰国中心地区
变成了一个巨大的湖泊。
04:10
Here, you can see the scale规模 of the flood洪水
in the center中央 of the image图片,
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你可以在图片中央
看到这场洪水的规模,
黄线标出的是曼谷地区。
04:15
to the scale规模 of Bangkok曼谷,
outlined概述 in yellow黄色.
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04:20
The water was overflowing满溢 from the north,
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洪水从北部地区开始
蔓延至好几个省区。
04:22
making制造 its way across横过 several一些 provinces.
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04:28
Millions百万 of my people,
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数百万泰国人民,
包括我和我的家人
04:32
including包含 me and my family家庭,
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都无家可归。
04:35
were displaced流离失所 and homeless无家可归.
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04:39
Some had to escape逃逸 the city.
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有些人不得不逃离城市。
04:42
Many许多 were terrified of losing失去
their home and their belongings财物,
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很多人都害怕
失去他们的房子和财产,
所以他们留了下来,
忍受着没有电和纯净水的日子。
04:47
so they stayed back in the flood洪水
with no electricity电力 and clean清洁 water.
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04:55
For me, this flood洪水 reflects反映 clearly明确地
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与我而言,这场洪水清晰地反映了
04:57
that our modern现代 infrastructure基础设施,
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我们的现代基础设施,
05:02
and especially特别 our notion概念
of fighting战斗 flood洪水 with concrete具体,
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特别是我们用水泥建筑
来抵御洪水的想法,
已经让我们在变化多端的
气候面前显得相当脆弱。
05:07
had made制作 us so extremely非常 vulnerable弱势
to the climate气候 uncertainty不确定.
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05:15
But in the heart of this disaster灾害,
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但也是在这场灾难中,
我发现了自己的使命。
05:19
I found发现 my calling调用.
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05:21
I cannot不能 just sit and wait
as my city continues继续 to sink水槽.
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我不能眼睁睁地看着我的城市下沉。
05:27
The city needed需要 me,
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我的城市需要我,
而我也有能力解决这一问题。
05:29
and I had the ability能力 to fix固定 this problem问题.
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05:34
Six years年份 ago,
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六年前,
05:37
I started开始 my project项目.
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我开始了我的项目。
我和我的团队赢得了一个
抗洪公园的设计比赛,
05:39
My teams球队 and I won韩元 the design设计 competition竞争
for Chulalongkorn朱拉隆功 Centenary百年 Park公园.
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05:46
This was the big, bold胆大 mission任务
of the first university大学 in Thailand泰国
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这是为泰国第一所大学的百年校庆
而开启的一项大胆而艰巨的任务,
05:52
for celebrating庆祝 its hundredth第一百 anniversary周年
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把这片土地变成一座城市公园。
05:56
by giving this piece of land土地
as a public上市 park公园 to our city.
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06:03
Having a park公园 sounds声音 very normal正常
to many许多 other cities城市,
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在其他城市,有城市公园
是一个很正常的事情,
但曼谷却不同,
06:08
but not in Bangkok曼谷,
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它是亚洲的超大型城市中
人均公共绿色面积
06:12
which哪一个 has one of the lowest最低
public上市 green绿色 space空间 per capita人头
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最低的城市之一。
06:17
among其中 megacities特大城市 in Asia亚洲.
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06:21
Our project's项目 become成为
the first new public上市 park公园
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我们的项目成为了30年里
第一个城市公园。
06:26
in almost几乎 30 years年份.
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06:29
The 11-acre-英亩 park公园 --
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这个11英亩的公园——
宛如曼谷中心的一道
巨大绿色裂缝——
06:32
a big green绿色 crack裂纹
at the heart of Bangkok曼谷 --
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在去年向公众开放了。
06:36
opened打开 just last year.
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06:38
(Applause掌声 and cheers干杯)
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(掌声和欢呼声)
谢谢!
06:40
Thank you.
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06:41
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
四年中,我们开了无数次会议,
06:45
For four years年份, we have pushed
through通过 countless无数 meetings会议
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以努力确保
06:50
to convince说服 and never
give up to convincing使人信服
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这座公园不仅仅是为了美化或娱乐,
06:54
that this park公园 isn't just
for beautification美化 or recreation娱乐:
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它必须能够帮助城市抗洪,
06:59
it must必须 help the city deal合同 with water,
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必须能够帮助城市抵御气候变化。
07:02
it must必须 help the city
confront面对 climate气候 change更改.
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07:05
And here is how it works作品.
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这个公园是这样运作的。
07:08
Bangkok曼谷 is a flat平面 city,
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曼谷位于平原上,
因此我们让整个公园倾斜,
来利用地吸引力
07:10
so we harnessed驾驭 the power功率 of gravity重力
by inclining倾斜 the whole整个 park公园
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收集雨水。
07:15
to collect搜集 every一切 drop下降 of rain.
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07:20
The gravity重力 force pulls down
the runoff径流 from the highest最高 point
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重力作用迫使雨水从最高点
流向最低点。
07:24
to the lowest最低 point.
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07:26
This park公园 has three main主要 elements分子
that work as one system系统.
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公园的这个排水系统
由三个主要部分构成。
07:31
The first -- the green绿色 roof屋顶.
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第一个,绿色的屋顶。
07:34
This is the biggest最大
green绿色 roof屋顶 in Thailand泰国,
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这是泰国最大的绿色屋顶,
有雨水收集器和地下博物馆。
07:37
with the rainwater雨水 tanks坦克
and museum博物馆 underneath.
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07:42
In the dry season季节,
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在干燥的季节里,
收集的雨水可以灌溉公园一个月。
07:44
the collected rain can be used
to water the park公园 for up to a month.
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07:51
The runoff径流 on the green绿色 roof屋顶
then falls下降 through通过 wetlands沼泽地
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绿色屋顶的雨水流过湿地区域,
07:55
with the native本地人 water plants植物
that can help filter过滤
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那里的水生植物能够
过滤和净化水源。
07:59
and help clean清洁 water.
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08:02
And at the lower降低 end结束,
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在地势低洼的另一端,
蓄水池塘收集所有的雨水。
08:04
the retention保留 pond池塘
collects收集 all of the water.
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08:09
At this pond池塘, there are water bikes自行车.
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在池塘里,有脚踏船。
08:13
People can pedal踏板 and help clean清洁 water.
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人们可以通过踩脚踏船来清洁池水。
08:18
Their exercise行使 becomes an active活性 part部分
of the park公园 water system系统.
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这些活动成为了
公园水系统的一个活跃部分。
08:25
When life gives you a flood洪水,
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如果生活给你洪水,
你就在水中嬉戏。
08:27
you have fun开玩笑 with the water.
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(笑声)
08:29
(Laughter笑声)
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08:32
Centenary百年 Park公园 gives room房间 for people
and room房间 for water,
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这座纪念公园给了人和水空间,
这正是我们和城市所需要的。
08:36
which哪一个 is exactly究竟
what we and our cities城市 need.
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08:43
This is an amphibious水陆两用 design设计.
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这是一个水陆融合的设计。
08:47
This park公园 is not
about getting得到 rid摆脱 of flood洪水.
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这座公园的用途并不在于消除洪水,
08:50
It's about creating创建 a way to live生活 with it.
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而在于创造一种与雨水共生的方式。
08:54
And not a single drop下降 of rain
is wasted浪费 in this park公园.
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在这座公园里,
没有一滴雨水会被浪费掉。
09:00
This park公园 can hold保持 and collect搜集
a million百万 gallons加仑 of water.
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它可以容纳一百万加仑的雨水。
09:08
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
谢谢。
09:10
Thank you.
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(掌声)
09:11
(Applause掌声)
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对我来说,每一个项目
09:15
Every一切 given特定 project项目, for me,
is an opportunity机会
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都是在水泥丛林中
创造绿色裂缝的机会,
09:19
to create创建 more green绿色 cracks裂缝
through通过 this concrete具体 jungle丛林
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09:24
by using运用 landscape景观 architecture建筑
as a solution,
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用景观设计作为解决方案,
就像把这个水泥屋顶
变为城市农场,
09:28
like turning车削 this concrete具体 roof屋顶
into an urban城市的 farm农场,
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能够吸纳雨水,
09:34
which哪一个 can help absorb吸收 rain;
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减少气候热岛效应,
09:37
reduce减少 urban城市的 heat island
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并在城市中央种植粮食;
09:39
and grow增长 food餐饮 in the middle中间 of the city;
141
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09:43
reuse重用 the abandoned concrete具体 structure结构体
142
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再利用废弃钢筋结构
来建造绿色步行桥;
09:46
to become成为 a green绿色 pedestrian行人 bridge;
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09:50
and another另一个 flood-proof防汛 park公园
at ThammasatThammasat University大学,
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位于福井大学的另一座抗洪公园
几乎是整个东南亚地区最大的
09:55
which哪一个 nearly几乎 completes完成 the biggest最大
green绿色 roof屋顶 on an academic学术的 campus校园 yet然而
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校园绿色屋顶。
10:01
in Southeast东南 Asia亚洲.
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10:06
Severe严重 flooding洪水 is our new normal正常,
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严重洪涝已成为日常,
这让东南亚地区,
10:11
putting the southeast东南 Asian亚洲 region地区 --
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世界上拥有最长海岸线的地区,
10:15
the region地区 with the most coastline海岸线 --
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陷入了危险之中。
10:18
at extreme极端 risk风险.
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10:22
Creating创建 a park公园 is just one solution.
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建造公园只是一个解决方案。
10:26
The awareness意识 of climate气候 change更改
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对气候变化的意识
意味着来自各行各业的我们,
10:28
means手段 we, in every一切 profession职业
we are involved参与,
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都有更多义务去
了解气候变化的风险,
10:34
are increasingly日益 obligated责任
to understand理解 the climate气候 risk风险
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并在我们的工作中寻找解决方案。
10:39
and put whatever随你 we are working加工 on
as part部分 of the solution.
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10:46
Because if our cities城市 continue继续
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因为如果我们的城市
像这样继续下沉,
10:50
the way they are now,
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10:53
a similar类似 catastrophe灾难
will happen发生 again ...
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灾难会不断地
10:57
and again.
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重复上演。
11:01
Creating创建 a solution
in these sinking下沉 cities城市
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在下陷的城市里创造一个解决方案,
就如同把不可能变为可能。
11:04
is like making制造 the impossible不可能 possible可能.
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11:11
And for that,
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为此,
11:14
I would like to share分享 one word
that I always keep in mind心神,
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我想分享我始终铭记在心的一个词,
那就是 "tangjai"。
11:19
that is, "tangjai唐杰."
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11:23
The literal文字 translation翻译
for "tang" is "to firmly牢牢 stand,"
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“tang”可以翻译成“坚决支持”,
11:31
and "jaiJai" means手段 "heart."
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“jai”的意思是“心”。
11:36
Firmly坚决 stand your heart at your goal目标.
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坚持你心中的目标。
11:41
In Thai泰国 language语言,
when you commit承诺 to do something,
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在泰语中,当你心无旁骛地
做某件事的时候,
就在你说的话前加上“tangjai”,
11:45
you put tangjai唐杰 in front面前 of your work,
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这样一来你就能够
心有所向,言行一致。
11:49
so your heart will be in your action行动.
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11:54
No matter how rough the path路径,
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无论路途多么艰难,
裂缝多么巨大,
11:56
how big the crack裂纹,
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你会都着目标不断前行,
11:58
you push through通过 to your goal目标,
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因为那是你心之向往。
12:00
because that's where your heart is.
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12:04
And yes, Thailand泰国 is home.
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是的,泰国是我的家。
12:10
This land土地 is my only home,
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这片土地是我唯一的家,
12:13
and that's where I firmly牢牢 stand my heart.
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它是我所坚持的心中目标。
12:19
Where do you stand yours你的?
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你心中的目标又是什么呢?
12:21
Thank you.
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谢谢。
(掌声)
12:23
(Applause掌声)
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谢谢。
12:24
Thank you.
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(泰语)谢谢。
12:25
Kòp kun kaKA.
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(掌声和欢呼声)
12:26
(Applause掌声 and cheers干杯)
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Translated by Rong Fan
Reviewed by Conway Ye

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kotchakorn Voraakhom - Urban landscape architect
Kotchakorn Voraakhom is a landscape architect who works on building green public space that tackle climate change.

Why you should listen

Kotchakorn Voraakhom never thought her childhood pastimes -- like boat paddling with friends in the floodwaters in front of her house -- would later signal a catastrophic disaster: a sinking city. To help save her hometown of Bangkok from rising sea levels and climate change, Voraakhom founded the landscape architecture design firm Landprocess. She is also the founder of Porous City Network, a social enterprise working to solve urban environmental problems and increase urban resilience across Southeast Asia by aiding, engaging and educating climate-vulnerable communities about productive landscape design.

In Bangkok, Voraakhom and her team has turned an invaluable commercial property in the heart of the city into Chulalongkorn Centenary Park, a flood-proof, water-retention public green space. Voraakhom also works as a design consultant for the Bangkok250, a major redevelopment project for the city's 250th anniversary. Voraakhom is an Echoing Green Climate Fellow, Atlantic Fellow and Asia Foundation Development Fellow. She received her master's in landscape architecture from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design.

More profile about the speaker
Kotchakorn Voraakhom | Speaker | TED.com

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