ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jennifer Granick - Surveillance and cybersecurity counsel
Jennifer Granick fights for civil liberties in the age of surveillance and powerful digital technology.

Why you should listen

As surveillance and cybersecurity counsel with the ACLU's Speech, Privacy and Technology Project, Jennifer Granick litigates, speaks and writes about privacy, security, technology and constitutional rights. Granick is the author of the book American Spies: Modern Surveillance, Why You Should Care, and What To Do About It, published by Cambridge Press and winner of the 2016 Palmer Civil Liberties Prize. 

Granick spent much of her career helping create Stanford Law School's Center for Internet and Society. From 2001 to 2007, she was Executive Director of CIS and founded the Cyberlaw Clinic, where she supervised students in working on some of the most important cyberlaw cases that took place during her tenure. She was the primary crafter of a 2006 exception to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which allows mobile telephone owners to legally circumvent the firmware locking their device to a single carrier. From 2012 to 2017, Granick was Civil Liberties Director specializing in and teaching surveillance law, cybersecurity, encryption policy and the Fourth Amendment. In that capacity, she has published widely on US government surveillance practices and helped educate judges and congressional staffers on these issues. Granick also served as the Civil Liberties Director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation from 2007-2010. Earlier in her career, Granick spent almost a decade practicing criminal defense law in California. 

Granick’s work is well-known in privacy and security circles. Her keynote, "Lifecycle of a Revolution" for the 2015 Black Hat USA security conference electrified and depressed the audience in equal measure. In March of 2016, she received Duo Security’s Women in Security Academic Award for her expertise in the field as well as her direction and guidance for young women in the security industry. Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore) has called Granick an "NBA all-star of surveillance law."

More profile about the speaker
Jennifer Granick | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxStanford

Jennifer Granick: How the US government spies on people who protest -- including you

珍妮佛葛蘭尼克: 美國政府如何監聽抗議的人,包括你在內

Filmed:
1,269,864 views

怎樣阻止美國政府錄下你的電話、閱讀你的電子郵件、監視你的所在?根據監控及網路安全顧問珍妮佛葛蘭尼克,幾乎沒法子。政府很容易就能收集到你的各種資訊,且不需要搜索令。如果你曾經參與過抗議活動或看過槍展,你很可能就是政府感興趣的對象。來了解在這個監控的黃金時代中,你的權利與風險是什麼,以及如何保護你自己。
- Surveillance and cybersecurity counsel
Jennifer Granick fights for civil liberties in the age of surveillance and powerful digital technology. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
We are all activists活動家 now.
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我們現在都是激進份子。
00:15
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
00:16
Thank you.
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謝謝你們。
00:18
I'll just stop here.
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我言盡於此。
00:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:21
From the families家庭 who are fighting戰鬥
to maintain保持 funding資金 for public上市 schools學校,
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包括那些致力於維持
對公立學校提供資金的家庭、
00:26
the tens of thousands數千 of people
who joined加盟 Occupy佔據 Wall Street
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數萬名參加「佔據華爾街」或是
00:31
or marched遊行 with Black黑色 Lives生活 Matter
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「黑人生命也很要緊」遊行
00:33
to protest抗議 police警察 brutality殘酷
against反對 African非洲人 Americans美國人,
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以抗議警察殘酷對待
非裔美國人的人、
00:37
families家庭 that join加入 rallies集會,
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加入集會的家庭、
00:40
pro-life親生活 and pro-choice親選擇,
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反墮胎及主張墮胎合法化者、
00:43
those of us who are afraid害怕
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我們當中害怕
00:45
that our friends朋友 and neighbors鄰居
are going to be deported被驅逐出境
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自己的朋友及鄰居會被驅逐出境
00:48
or that they'll他們會 be added添加 to lists名單
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或是因為身為回教徒
00:50
because they are Muslim穆斯林,
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而被加入名單的人、
00:53
people who advocate主張 for gun rights權利
and for gun control控制
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擁護持槍權利及擁護槍枝控制的人,
00:58
and the millions百萬 of people
who joined加盟 the women's女士的 marches遊行
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以及去年一月來自全國各地
01:02
all across橫過 the country國家 this last January一月.
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加入女性遊行的數百萬人。
01:04
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
01:07
We are all activists活動家 now,
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我們現在都是激進份子,
01:09
and that means手段 that we all have something
to worry擔心 about from surveillance監控.
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那意味著我們都要擔心監控。
01:15
Surveillance監控 means手段
government政府 collection採集 and use
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監控意味著:政府收集並使用
01:18
of private私人的 and sensitive敏感 data數據 about us.
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我們的私人及敏感資料。
01:21
And surveillance監控 is essential必要
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對於法律執行以及國家安全而言,
01:23
to law enforcement強制
and to national國民 security安全.
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監控是必要的。
01:26
But the history歷史 of surveillance監控
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但監控的歷史
01:28
is one that includes包括 surveillance監控 abuses濫用
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包括了監控濫用,
01:31
where this sensitive敏感 information信息
has been used against反對 people
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這敏感資料被用在
對人們不利的用途,
01:35
because of their race種族,
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只因為他們的種族、
01:36
their national國民 origin起源,
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他們的國籍、
01:38
their sexual有性 orientation方向,
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他們的性向,
01:40
and in particular特定,
because of their activism行動,
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特別是因為他們的激進主義、
01:44
their political政治 beliefs信仰.
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他們的政治信仰。
01:46
About 53 years年份 ago,
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約五十三年前,
01:49
Dr博士. Martin馬丁 Luther路德 King國王 JrJR.
gave his "I have a dream夢想" speech言語
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馬丁路德金恩博士在華盛頓的
紀念堂前發表了他的演說,
01:52
on the Mall購物中心 in Washington華盛頓.
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「我有一個夢」。
01:55
And today今天 the ideas思路 behind背後 this speech言語
of racial種族 equality平等 and tolerance公差
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現今,這場演說背後
關於種族平等及包容的想法
01:59
are so noncontroversial無爭議
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非常沒有爭議,
02:01
that my daughters女兒
study研究 the speech言語 in third第三 grade年級.
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我女兒三年級時就能
在學校學到這場演說。
02:05
But at the time,
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但當時,
02:06
Dr博士. King國王 was extremely非常 controversial爭論的.
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金恩博士是個非常爭議的人。
02:09
The legendary傳奇的 and notorious臭名昭著
FBI聯邦調查局 Director導向器 J. Edgar埃德加 Hoover胡佛 believed相信,
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惡名昭彰的傳奇性聯邦調查局
局長艾德加胡佛相信,
02:15
or wanted to believe,
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或是想要相信,
02:16
that the Civil國內 Rights Movement運動
was a Soviet蘇聯 communist共產 plot情節
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黑人民權運動是蘇聯共產黨的陰謀,
02:20
intended to destabilize叫板
the American美國 government政府.
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意圖是要暗中顛覆美國政府。
02:24
And so Hoover胡佛 had his agents代理
put bugs蟲子 in Dr博士. King's國王 hotel旅館 rooms客房,
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所以胡佛派他的探員在金恩博士的
飯店房間中裝了竊聽器,
02:30
and those bugs蟲子 picked採摘的 up conversations對話
between之間 civil國內 rights權利 leaders領導者
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那些竊聽器取得了
民權運動領導人之間的對談,
02:35
talking about the strategies策略 and tactics策略
of the Civil國內 Rights Movement運動.
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他們在談論黑人
民權運動的策略和戰術。
02:41
They also picked採摘的 up sounds聲音 of Dr博士. King國王
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他們也取得了金恩博士
02:43
having sex性別 with women婦女
who were not his wife妻子,
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和他妻子以外的女人做愛的聲音,
02:46
and J. Edgar埃德加 Hoover胡佛
saw the opportunity機會 here
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胡佛在這裡看到了機會,
02:48
to discredit懷疑 and undermine破壞
the Civil國內 Rights Movement運動.
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可以毀謗和暗中破壞黑人民權運動。
02:53
The FBI聯邦調查局 sent發送 a package of these recordings錄音
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聯邦調查局把這些錄音
02:57
along沿 with a handwritten手寫 note注意 to Dr博士. King國王,
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以及一張手寫字條
一起打包寄給金恩博士,
03:00
and a draft草案 of this note注意
was found發現 in FBI聯邦調查局 archives檔案 years年份 later後來,
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多年後在聯邦調查局的檔案中
發現了這張字條的草稿,
03:07
and the letter said,
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信上說:
03:09
"You are no clergyman牧師 and you know it.
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「你不是神職人員,
且你很清楚這一點。
03:11
King國王, like all frauds欺詐,
your end結束 is approaching接近."
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金恩,和所有騙子一樣,
你的末日快到了。」
03:16
The letter even seemed似乎
to encourage鼓勵 Dr博士. King國王 to commit承諾 suicide自殺,
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這封信甚至似乎在
鼓勵金恩博士自殺,
03:21
saying, "King國王, there is
only one thing left for you to do.
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信上說:「金恩,
你只剩下一件事要做。
03:25
You know what it is.
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你知道是什麼事。
03:26
You better take it before
your filthy污穢, abnormal不正常, fraudulent騙人的 self
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你最好在你那骯髒、不正常、詐欺的
自我赤祼祼呈現在國人面前
03:31
is bared裸露 to the nation國家."
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之前去完成這件事。」
03:33
But the important重要 thing is,
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但,重要的是,
03:34
Dr博士. King國王 was not abnormal不正常.
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金恩博士並沒有不正常。
03:36
Every一切 one of us has something
that we want to hide隱藏 from somebody.
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我們每一個人都會有想要隱藏
不讓某人知道的事。
03:42
And even more important重要,
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更重要的是,
03:43
J. Edgar埃德加 Hoover胡佛 wasn't abnormal不正常 either.
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胡佛也沒有不正常。
03:47
The history歷史 of surveillance監控 abuses濫用
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監控濫用的歷史
03:49
is not the history歷史
of one bad, megalomaniacal狂妄自大 man.
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並不是一個狂妄自大的壞人的歷史。
03:53
Throughout始終 his decades幾十年 at the FBI聯邦調查局,
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胡佛待在聯邦調查局的數十年間,
03:56
J. Edgar埃德加 Hoover胡佛 enjoyed享受 the support支持
of the presidents總統 that he served提供服務,
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有著他所服侍的總統的支持,
03:59
Democratic民主的 and Republican共和黨人 alike一樣.
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不論民主黨或共和黨都一樣。
04:02
After all, it was John約翰 F. Kennedy肯尼迪
and his brother哥哥 Robert羅伯特 Kennedy肯尼迪
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畢竟,約翰甘迺迪
及羅勃甘迺迪這兩兄弟
04:06
who knew知道 about and approved批准
the surveillance監控 of Dr博士. King國王.
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知道並核准金恩博士被監控一事。
04:10
Hoover胡佛 ran a program程序
called COINTELPROCOINTELPRO for 15 years年份
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胡佛執行了「COINTELPRO」
反情報專案十五年的時間,
04:15
which哪一個 was designed設計
to spy間諜 on and undermine破壞 civic公民 groups
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專案目的在監視和破壞那些
04:19
that were devoted忠誠
to things like civil國內 rights權利,
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致力於民權、女權運動等的公民團體,
04:22
the Women's女士的 Rights Movement運動,
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04:24
and peace和平 groups and anti-war防戰 movements運動.
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以及和平團體和反戰運動。
04:27
And the surveillance監控 didn't stop there.
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且監控並不止於此。
04:29
Lyndon林登 Baines貝恩斯 Johnson約翰遜,
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林登詹森
04:31
during the election選舉 campaign運動,
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在競選期間,
04:33
had the campaign運動 airplane飛機
of his rival對手 Barry巴里 Goldwater高華德 bugged竊聽
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在他的對手貝利高華德的
競選專機上裝了竊聽器,
04:39
as part部分 of his effort功夫
to win贏得 that election選舉.
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這是他贏得選舉的手段之一。
04:43
And then, of course課程, there was Watergate水門事件.
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當然,還有水門案。
04:47
Burglars竊賊 were caught抓住
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竊賊被逮到
04:49
breaking破壞 into the Democratic民主的
National國民 Committee委員會 headquarters司令部
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闖入水門飯店中的民主黨
04:51
at the Watergate水門事件 Hotel旅館,
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全國委員會總部,
04:53
the Nixon尼克松 administration行政 was involved參與
in covering覆蓋 up the burglary竊案,
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尼克森政府涉及掩飾這場盜竊案,
04:57
and eventually終於 Nixon尼克松
had to step down as president主席.
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最後尼克森辭掉總統一職。
05:02
COINTELPROCOINTELPRO and Watergate水門事件
were a wake-up醒來 call for Americans美國人.
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COINTELPRO 及水門案
喚醒了美國人。
05:06
Surveillance監控 was out of control控制
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監控失去了控制,
05:08
and it was being存在 used
to squelch嘩啦嘩啦地 political政治 challengers挑戰者.
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它被用來鎮壓挑戰政治的人。
05:13
And so Americans美國人 rose玫瑰 to the occasion場合
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所以美國人勇敢起來面對挑戰,
05:15
and what we did was
we reformed改革 surveillance監控 law.
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我們的做法是改革監控法律。
05:20
And the primary tool工具 we used
to reform改革 surveillance監控 law
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我們用來改革監控法律的主要工具
05:24
was to require要求 a search搜索 warrant保證
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就是要求政府要有搜索令,
05:27
for the government政府 to be able能夠 to get
access訪問 to our phone電話 calls電話 and our letters.
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才能取得我們的通話以及信件。
05:33
Now, the reason原因 why
a search搜索 warrant保證 is important重要
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搜索令之所以很重要,
05:36
is because it interposes介於 a judge法官
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是因為它會讓一名法官介入
05:38
in the relationship關係
between之間 investigators調查 and the citizens公民,
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到調查者與市民之間的關係中,
05:42
and that judge's法官 job工作 is to make sure
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該法官的工作是要確保
05:45
that there's good cause原因
for the surveillance監控,
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監控是有足夠動機理由的、
05:48
that the surveillance監控
is targeted針對 at the right people,
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監控的目標是正確的,
05:51
and that the information信息 that's collected
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且收集到的資料
05:54
is going to be used
for legitimate合法 government政府 purposes目的
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會被用在合法的政府用途上,
05:57
and not for discriminatory歧視 ones那些.
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而非歧視性的用途。
06:00
This was our system系統,
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這是我們的體制,
06:02
and what this means手段 is
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這意味著,
06:03
that President主席 Obama奧巴馬
did not wiretap竊聽 Trump王牌 Tower.
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歐巴馬總統並沒有竊聽川普大廈。
06:07
The system系統 is set up to prevent避免
something like that from happening事件
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體制建立的目的就是要避免這類事情
在沒有法官介入的情況下發生。
06:12
without a judge法官 being存在 involved參與.
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06:14
But what happens發生 when we're not talking
about phone電話 calls電話 or letters anymore?
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但當我們談的不再是電話或信件時,
又會發生什麼事?
06:20
Today今天, we have technology技術
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現今,我們的科技
06:23
that makes品牌 it cheap低廉 and easy簡單
for the government政府 to collect蒐集 information信息
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讓政府能用很廉價
又容易的方式來收集
06:27
on ordinary普通 everyday每天 people.
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市井小民的資訊。
06:30
Your phone電話 call records記錄
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你的電話記錄
06:33
can reveal揭示 whether是否 you have an addiction,
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可以洩露出你是否有毒癮、
06:36
what your religion宗教 is,
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你的宗教信仰、
06:38
what charities慈善機構 you donate to,
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你捐錢給什麼慈善機構、
06:41
what political政治 candidate候選人 you support支持.
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你支持哪位政治候選人。
06:44
And yet然而, our government政府
collected, dragnet-style天羅地網式,
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但,我們的政府多年來
都在用拖網式的方式
06:48
Americans'美國人 calling調用 records記錄 for years年份.
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收集美國人的通話記錄。
06:52
In 2012, the Republican共和黨人
National國民 Convention慣例
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2012 年,共和黨全國大會
06:56
highlighted突出 a new technology技術
it was planning規劃 to use,
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強調它打算使用的一種新科技,
06:59
facial面部 recognition承認,
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臉孔辨識,
07:01
to identify鑑定 people
who were going to be in the crowd人群
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用以在人群中辨識出可能的
07:04
who might威力 be activists活動家 or troublemakers鬧事
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激進份子或麻煩製造者,
07:06
and to stop them ahead of time.
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並提早阻止他們。
07:09
Today今天, over 50 percent百分 of American美國 adults成年人
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現今,有超過 50%
美國成年人的面紋(臉部資訊)
07:12
have their faceprint印記
in a government政府 database數據庫.
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都已存在政府資料庫中。
07:15
The Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco煙草, Firearms火器 and Explosives炸藥
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菸酒槍炮及爆裂物管理局
07:19
concocted炮製 a plan計劃
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策劃了一個計畫,
07:20
to find out what Americans美國人
were going to gun shows節目
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用來找出哪些美國人會去槍展,
07:24
by using運用 license執照 plate盤子 detectors探測器
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方法是用車牌偵測器
07:26
to scan掃描 the license執照 plates of cars汽車
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來掃瞄這些展場停車場中
07:29
that were in the parking停車處 lots
of these events事件.
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停放的車輛的車牌號碼。
07:31
Today今天, we believe that over 70 percent百分
of police警察 departments部門
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我們相信現在至少 70% 的警局
07:36
have automatic自動 license執照 plate盤子
detection發現 technology技術
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都有自動車牌偵測科技,
07:39
that they're using運用 to track跟踪 people's人們 cars汽車
as they drive駕駛 through通過 town.
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當人們開車經過這些市鎮時
就能追縱他們的車子。
07:43
And all of this information信息,
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所有這些資訊,
07:46
the license執照 plates, the faceprints面部印記,
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包括車牌、面紋、
07:49
the phone電話 records記錄,
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電話記錄、
07:51
your address地址 books圖書, your buddy夥伴 lists名單,
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你的通訊錄、你的朋友名單、
07:54
the photos相片 that you upload上載
to DropboxDropbox的 or Google谷歌 Photos相片,
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你上傳到 Dropbox 或
Google Photos 的照片,
07:58
and sometimes有時 even
your chats聊天記錄 and your emails電子郵件
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有時甚至還有你的
聊天記錄和電子郵件,
08:02
are not protected保護
by a warrant保證 requirement需求.
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都沒有受到搜索令的保護。
08:05
So what that means手段 is we have
all of this information信息 on regular定期 people
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那意味著,有這麼多
關於一般人的資訊,
08:11
that's newly available可得到
at very low expense費用.
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現在都可以用很低的代價就取得。
08:15
It is the golden金色 age年齡 for surveillance監控.
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現在是監控的黃金年代。
08:18
Now, every一切 parent is going
to understand理解 what this means手段.
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每個父母親都會了解
這背後的意義。
08:23
When you have a little baby寶寶
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當你有個小寶寶,
08:25
and the baby's寶寶 young年輕,
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寶寶年紀很小,
08:27
that child兒童 is not able能夠
to climb out of its crib嬰兒床.
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她還沒辦法爬出有欄杆的嬰兒床。
08:31
But eventually終於 your little girl女孩 gets得到 older舊的
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但遲早你的女兒會長大,
08:34
and she's able能夠 to climb out of the crib嬰兒床,
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她將能夠爬出嬰兒床,
08:37
but you tell her,
"Don't climb out of the crib嬰兒床. OK?"
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但你告訴她:
「別爬出嬰兒床,好嗎?」
08:40
And every一切 parent knows知道
what's going to happen發生.
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每個父母親都知道會發生什麼事。
08:43
Some of those babies嬰兒
are going to climb out of the crib嬰兒床.
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有些寶寶會爬出嬰兒床。
08:46
Right? That's the difference區別
between之間 ability能力 and permission允許.
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對嗎?這就是能力
和允許之間的差別。
08:50
Well, the same相同 thing is true真正
with the government政府 today今天.
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對現今的政府來說也是一樣的。
08:52
It used to be that our government政府
didn't have the ability能力
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以前,我們的政府沒有能力
08:55
to do widespread廣泛, massive大規模的 surveillance監控
on hundreds數以百計 of millions百萬 of Americans美國人
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可以對上億的美國人
進行廣泛的大型監控
08:59
and then abuse濫用 that information信息.
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並濫用那些資訊。
09:01
But now our government政府 has grown長大的 up,
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但,現在,我們的政府長大了,
09:03
and we have that technology技術 today今天.
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現今我們就有那樣的科技。
09:06
The government政府 has the ability能力,
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我們的政府有能力了,
09:08
and that means手段 the law
is more important重要 than ever before.
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那意味著法律比以前更重要了。
09:12
The law is supposed應該 to say
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法律應該要說,
09:14
when the government政府
has permission允許 to do it,
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當政府得到允許可以監控時,
09:18
and it's supposed應該 to ensure確保
that there's some kind of ramification分枝.
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法律應該要確保
這麼做會有某種後果。
09:22
We notice注意 when those laws法律 are broken破碎
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我們注意到,當這些法律被破壞時,
09:24
and there's some of kind of
ramification分枝 or punishment懲罰.
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會有某種後果或是懲罰。
09:27
The law is more important重要 than ever
because we are now living活的 in a world世界
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法律比以往更重要,
因為我們現在居住的世界中,
09:31
where only rules規則
are stopping停止 the government政府
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唯一的規則就是阻止政府
09:33
from abusing濫用 this information信息.
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濫用這些資訊。
09:35
But the law has fallen墮落 down on the job工作.
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但法律沒有成功做到這點。
09:37
Particularly尤其 since以來 September九月 11
the law has fallen墮落 down on the job工作,
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特別是 911 之後,
法律更是沒有做到這一點,
09:41
and we do not have
the rules規則 in place地點 that we need.
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且我們所需要的法律還沒有就緒。
09:45
And we are seeing眼看
the ramifications後果 of that.
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而我們正在目擊這狀況的後果了。
09:48
So fusion聚變 centers中心
are these joint聯合 task任務 forces軍隊
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所以情資整合中心就是
這些聯合特別小組,
09:51
between之間 local本地, state
and federal聯邦 government政府
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整合了地方政府、
州政府、及聯邦政府,
09:53
that are meant意味著 to ferret out
domestic國內 terrorism恐怖主義.
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要來搜索國內的恐怖主義。
09:57
And what we've我們已經 seen看到
is fusion聚變 center中央 reports報告
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我們看到的是情資整合中心的報告,
09:59
that say that you might威力 be dangerous危險
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指出哪些可能是危險人物:
10:03
if you voted for a third-party第三方 candidate候選人,
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若你投票給第三方候選人,
10:06
or you own擁有 a "Don't Tread On Me" flag,
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或是你擁有「別踐踏我」旗幟,
10:09
or you watched看著 movies電影 that are anti-tax反稅.
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或是你看了反納稅的影片。
10:13
These same相同 fusion聚變 centers中心 have spied窺探
on Muslim穆斯林 community社區 groups'組“ reading lists名單
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這些情資整合中心也在監聽
穆斯林社區團體的閱讀書單,
10:18
and on Quakers貴格會 who are resisting抵制
military軍事 recruiting招聘 in high schools學校.
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及監聽高中裡抗拒
軍隊徵召的貴格會教徒。
10:24
The Internal內部 Revenue收入 Service服務
has disproportionately不成比例 audited審計
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美國國家稅務局很不成比例地稽核了
10:28
groups that have "Tea Party派對"
or "Patriot愛國者" in their name名稱.
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名稱有「茶黨」或「愛國」
這些詞的團體。
10:32
And now customs海關 and border邊境 patrol巡邏
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現在,海關與邊境管理處
10:35
is stopping停止 people
as they come into the country國家
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都會在人們進入美國時
把他們擋下來,
10:37
and demanding嚴格 our social社會
networking聯網 passwords密碼
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要求提供我們的社交網路密碼,
10:41
which哪一個 will allow允許 them
to see who our friends朋友 are,
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用這密碼來看我們的朋友是什麼人、
10:43
what we say
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我們都說些什麼,
10:45
and even to impersonate模仿 us online線上.
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甚至在網路上冒充我們。
10:48
Now, civil國內 libertarians自由主義者 like myself
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像我這樣的公民自由主義者
10:51
have been trying to draw
people's人們 attention注意 to these things
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多年來一直試著讓人們
注意到這些事情,
10:55
and fighting戰鬥 against反對 them for years年份.
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並對抗這些事情。
10:57
This was a huge巨大 problem問題
during the Obama奧巴馬 administration行政,
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在歐巴馬執政時,
這是個很大的問題,
11:02
but now the problem問題 is worse更差.
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但現在問題更惡化了。
11:06
When the New York紐約 Police警察 Department
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當紐約警局
11:09
spies間諜 on Muslims穆斯林
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監聽穆斯林,
11:10
or a police警察 department
uses使用 license執照 plate盤子 detectors探測器
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或當警局用車牌偵測器
11:14
to find out where
the officers'長官' spouses配偶 are
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來找出警官的配偶在哪裡,
11:18
or those sorts排序 of things,
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或這類的事情,
11:19
that is extremely非常 dangerous危險.
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那就是非常危險的。
11:21
But when a president主席 repurposesrepurposes the power功率
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但當總統把聯邦監控的權力
11:25
of federal聯邦 surveillance監控
and the federal聯邦 government政府
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及聯邦政府的權力
11:27
to retaliate報復 against反對 political政治 opposition反對,
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改用來對政治反對進行報復,
11:30
that is a tyranny暴政.
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那就是專制暴政。
11:32
And so we are all activists活動家 now,
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所以我們現在都是激進份子,
11:36
and we all have something
to fear恐懼 from surveillance監控.
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對於監控,我們都有些
要害怕的地方。
11:40
But just like in the time
of Dr博士. Martin馬丁 Luther路德 King國王,
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但就如同在金恩博士的時代,
11:44
we can reform改革 the way things are.
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我們可以改革事物運作的方式。
11:47
First of all, use encryption加密.
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首先,用加密。
11:51
Encryption加密 protects保護 your information信息
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加密能保護你的資訊
11:54
from being存在 inexpensively廉價
and opportunistically機會主義 collected.
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免被以廉價的方式
佔便宜的機會給輕易地收集了。
11:58
It rolls勞斯萊斯 back the golden金色 age年齡
for surveillance監控.
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它倒流到監控的黃金年代。
12:04
Second第二, support支持 surveillance監控 reform改革.
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第二,支持監控改革。
12:07
Did you know that if you have a friend朋友
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你知道嗎,如果你有個朋友
12:09
who works作品 for the French法國
or German德語 governments政府
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為法國或德國政府,
12:13
or for an international國際 human人的 rights權利 group
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或國際人權團體,
12:16
or for a global全球 oil company公司
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或全球石油公司工作,
12:19
that your friend朋友 is a valid有效
foreign國外 intelligence情報 target目標?
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那麼你的朋友就是一個
有效的外國情資目標?
12:23
And what that means手段 is that when
you have conversations對話 with that friend朋友,
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那意味著,當你與這位朋友交談時,
12:28
the US government政府
may可能 be collecting蒐集 that information信息.
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美國政府就有可能會收集那些資訊。
12:32
And when that information信息 is collected,
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當那些資訊被收集到了,
12:35
even though雖然 it's
conversations對話 with Americans美國人,
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即使只是和美國人的交談資訊,
12:37
it can then be funneled漏斗狀的 to the FBI聯邦調查局
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接下來也有可能會
被送到聯邦調查局,
12:40
where the FBI聯邦調查局 is allowed允許
to search搜索 through通過 it
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而聯邦調查局可以搜尋整個交談,
12:43
without getting得到 a warrant保證,
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不用取得搜索令,
12:44
without probable可能 cause原因,
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不用適當理由,
12:46
looking for information信息 about Americans美國人
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就從中尋找關於美國人的資訊,
12:48
and whatever隨你 crimes犯罪 we may可能 have committed提交
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以及我們可能犯過什麼罪,
12:52
with no need to document文件
any kind of suspicion懷疑.
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不需要記錄下任何懷疑。
12:55
The law that allows允許 some of this to happen發生
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允許一些這類情況發生的法律,
12:58
is called Section部分 702
of the FISAFISA Amendments修訂 Act法案,
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稱為外國情報監視法
修正案第 702 節,
13:03
and we have a great opportunity機會 this year,
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今年我們有很好的機會,
13:05
because Section部分 702
is going to expire到期 at the end結束 of 2017,
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因為第 702 節會在
2017 年年底失效,
13:10
which哪一個 means手段 that
Congress's國會 inertia慣性 is on our side
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這意味著如果我們想要改革,
國會的慣性是站在我們這一邊的。
13:15
if we want reform改革.
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13:16
And we can pressure壓力 our representatives代表
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我們可以施壓我們的國會代表,
13:20
to actually其實 implement實行
important重要 reforms改革 to this law
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讓他們將重要改革
實際導入這個法律中,
13:23
and protect保護 our data數據
from this redirection重定向 and misuse濫用.
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並保護我們的資料不會受到
這種重新導向及濫用。
13:28
And finally最後, one of the reasons原因
why things have gotten得到 so out of control控制
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最後,事情之所以會走到
這麼失控的地步,原因之一是
13:33
is because so much
of what happens發生 with surveillance監控 --
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監控相關的許多事物,
13:36
the technology技術, the enabling啟用 rules規則
and the policies政策
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例如技術、制訂規則及政策,
13:41
that are either there
or not there to protect保護 us --
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不論是否真的有在保護我們,
13:44
are secret秘密 or classified分類.
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都是秘密的或列為機密的。
13:47
We need transparency透明度,
and we need to know as Americans美國人
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我們需要透明度,
身為美國人,我們需要知道政府
以我們的名義在做些什麼,
13:51
what the government政府 is doing in our name名稱
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13:53
so that the surveillance監控 that takes place地點
and the use of that information信息
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這麼一來,採取的監控
和運用監控取得的資料是民主的。
13:58
is democratically民主地 accounted for.
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14:02
We are all activists活動家 now,
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我們現在都是激進份子,
14:04
which哪一個 means手段 that we all have something
to worry擔心 about from surveillance監控.
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那意味著我們都要擔心監控。
14:08
But like in the time
of Dr博士. Martin馬丁 Luther路德 King國王,
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但就像在金恩博士的時代一樣,
14:12
there is stuff東東 that we can do about it.
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我們仍有能力採取行動。
14:14
So please join加入 me, and let's get to work.
261
842480
3920
所以,請加入我,一起動起來吧。
14:19
Thank you.
262
847000
1216
謝謝。
14:20
(Applause掌聲)
263
848240
3760
(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Nan-Kun Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jennifer Granick - Surveillance and cybersecurity counsel
Jennifer Granick fights for civil liberties in the age of surveillance and powerful digital technology.

Why you should listen

As surveillance and cybersecurity counsel with the ACLU's Speech, Privacy and Technology Project, Jennifer Granick litigates, speaks and writes about privacy, security, technology and constitutional rights. Granick is the author of the book American Spies: Modern Surveillance, Why You Should Care, and What To Do About It, published by Cambridge Press and winner of the 2016 Palmer Civil Liberties Prize. 

Granick spent much of her career helping create Stanford Law School's Center for Internet and Society. From 2001 to 2007, she was Executive Director of CIS and founded the Cyberlaw Clinic, where she supervised students in working on some of the most important cyberlaw cases that took place during her tenure. She was the primary crafter of a 2006 exception to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which allows mobile telephone owners to legally circumvent the firmware locking their device to a single carrier. From 2012 to 2017, Granick was Civil Liberties Director specializing in and teaching surveillance law, cybersecurity, encryption policy and the Fourth Amendment. In that capacity, she has published widely on US government surveillance practices and helped educate judges and congressional staffers on these issues. Granick also served as the Civil Liberties Director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation from 2007-2010. Earlier in her career, Granick spent almost a decade practicing criminal defense law in California. 

Granick’s work is well-known in privacy and security circles. Her keynote, "Lifecycle of a Revolution" for the 2015 Black Hat USA security conference electrified and depressed the audience in equal measure. In March of 2016, she received Duo Security’s Women in Security Academic Award for her expertise in the field as well as her direction and guidance for young women in the security industry. Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore) has called Granick an "NBA all-star of surveillance law."

More profile about the speaker
Jennifer Granick | Speaker | TED.com