ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moriba Jah - Space environmentalist
TED Fellow Moriba Jah studies and predicts the motion of objects in space in an effort to make space safe, secure, and sustainable.

Why you should listen

All kinds of junk are floating around in space -- old satellites, rockets, other man-made debris -- that pose an increasing danger to space missions. Astrodynamicist Moriba Jah monitors this orbital debris with ASTRIAGraph, a software that tracks the positions and speeds of objects in Earth’s orbit. Jah's vision is for AstriaGraph to become a crowd-sourced citizen-science platform that will make information about space traffic openly available to future generations. His ultimate goal is to make space safe, secure and sustainable.

More profile about the speaker
Moriba Jah | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Moriba Jah: The world's first crowdsourced space traffic monitoring system

莫里巴•亞: 世上首樁群眾外包的太空交通監控系統

Filmed:
1,581,310 views

天體動力學家和 TED 研究員莫里巴•亞說:「我們送上外太空的大部分東西永遠不會回地球。」 在這個思維前瞻的演講中,他描述繞地球飛行的太空高速公路如何充滿著太空垃圾,因此他致力於開發擴展這項世上首樁群眾外包的太空交通監控系統。一同來了解他的探索歷程,以及這個系統如何有助解決近地太空垃圾的問題。
- Space environmentalist
TED Fellow Moriba Jah studies and predicts the motion of objects in space in an effort to make space safe, secure, and sustainable. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
I am an astrodynamicist天體動力學家 --
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我是個天體動力學家,
00:15
you know, like that guy Rich豐富 Purnell珀內爾
in the movie電影 "The Martian火星."
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就像電影《絕地救援》中的
李察·普奈爾。
00:19
And it's my job工作 to study研究 and predict預測
motion運動 of objects對象 in space空間.
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我研究和預測物體在太空中的運動。
00:27
Currently目前 we track跟踪 about one percent百分
of hazardous危險 objects對象 on orbit軌道 --
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目前我們追蹤大約 1%
在軌道上的危險物體,
00:33
hazardous危險 to services服務 like location位置,
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它們會危害衛星定位、
農業、銀行、
00:36
agriculture農業, banking銀行業,
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00:39
television電視 and communications通訊,
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電視和通信等服務,
00:41
and soon不久 -- very soon不久 --
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很快也會危害到網際網路本身。
00:43
even the internet互聯網 itself本身.
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00:45
Now these services服務 are not protected保護
from, roughly大致, half a million百萬 objects對象
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這些服務也許會
被大約五十萬種物品危害,
這些東西的大小可能從一滴油漆
00:52
the size尺寸 of a speck斑點 of paint塗料
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到一台校車。
00:55
all the way to a school學校 bus總線 in size尺寸.
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00:58
A speck斑點 of paint塗料,
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如果一點漆的行進速度恰好,
01:00
traveling旅行 at the right speed速度,
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它撞上其中的任一物體
01:03
impacting影響 one of these objects對象,
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01:04
could render給予 it absolutely絕對 useless無用.
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都可能令其作廢。
01:08
But we can't track跟踪 things
as small as a speck斑點 of paint塗料.
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但我們無法追蹤
像油漆這樣小的東西,
01:12
We can only track跟踪 things
as small as say, a smartphone手機.
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只能追蹤像智慧手機
這樣大小的東西。
01:17
So of this half million百萬 objects對象
that we should be concerned關心 about,
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因此在應該注意的五十萬個對象中,
01:22
we can only track跟踪
about 26,000 of these objects對象.
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我們只能追蹤其中大約兩萬六千個,
01:26
And of these 26,000,
only 2,000 actually其實 work.
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而這兩萬六千個當中
只有兩千個仍有作用。
01:33
Everything else其他
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其他一切都是垃圾。
01:35
is garbage垃圾.
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01:38
That's a lot of garbage垃圾.
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很多垃圾。
01:40
To make things a little bit worse更差,
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更糟的是
01:43
most of what we launch發射 into orbit軌道
never comes back.
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我們射上軌道的大部分東西
不會回地球。
01:49
We send發送 the satellite衛星 in orbit軌道,
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我們將衛星送入軌道,
01:52
it stops停止 working加工, it runs運行 out of fuel汽油,
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它壞了或燃料耗盡了,
01:55
and we send發送 something else其他 up ...
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我們就發射其他的......
01:57
and then we send發送 up something else其他 ...
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再發射其他的......
02:00
and then something else其他.
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又再發射其他的。
02:01
And every一切 once一旦 in a while,
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每隔一段時間,
02:03
two of these things
will collide碰撞 with each other
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有些可能會相撞
02:05
or one of these things will explode爆炸,
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或爆炸;
02:07
or even worse更差,
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甚至更糟糕的是
02:08
somebody might威力 just happen發生 to destroy破壞
one of their satellites衛星 on orbit軌道,
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軌道上的衛星被人摧毀,
02:13
and this generates生成 many許多, many許多 more pieces,
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產生更多的碎片,
02:17
most of which哪一個 also never come back.
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大部分永遠不會回到地面上。
02:20
Now these things are not
just randomly隨機 scattered疏散 in orbit軌道.
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這些東西不僅隨機散落在軌道中;
02:25
It turns out that given特定
the curvature曲率 of space-time時空,
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根據時空的曲率,
02:28
there are ideal理想 locations地點
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存在著一些放置衛星的理想位置,
02:30
where we put some of these satellites衛星 --
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02:32
think of these as space空間 highways公路.
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可將其視為太空公路。
02:37
Very much like highways公路 on earth地球,
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這些太空公路非常像
地球上的高速公路,
02:39
these space空間 highways公路 can only take up
a maximum最大值 capacity容量 of traffic交通
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它們佔用最大的交通容量
以安全地維持太空營運。
02:44
to sustain支持 space-safe空間安全 operations操作.
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02:49
Unlike不像 highways公路 on earth地球,
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但它與地球上的高速公路不同,
02:51
there are actually其實 no space空間 traffic交通 rules規則.
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它們沒有實際的太空交通規則。
02:53
None沒有 whatsoever任何, OK?
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沒有,知道嗎?
02:57
Wow.
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哇。
03:00
What could possibly或者 go wrong錯誤 with that?
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能出什麼差錯呢?
03:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:04
Now, what would be really nice不錯
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如果我們有太空的交通地圖就很棒,
03:06
is if we had something
like a space空間 traffic交通 map地圖,
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03:10
like a Waze瓦澤 for space空間 that I could look up
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就像我可以查太空版的位智(Waze),
03:13
and see what the current當前
traffic交通 conditions條件 are in space空間,
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看看當前的太空交通狀況,
03:16
maybe even predict預測 these.
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甚至還可以預測交通。
03:17
The problem問題 with that, however然而,
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然而問題是
03:19
is that ask five different不同 people,
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問五個不同的人:
03:24
"What's going on in orbit軌道?
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「軌道上發生了什麼事?在哪裡?」
03:25
Where are things going?"
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03:27
and you're probably大概 going to get
10 different不同 answers答案.
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可能會得到十個不同的答案。
03:29
Why is that?
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為什麼呢?
03:31
It's because information信息 about things
on orbit軌道 is not commonly常用 shared共享 either.
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是因為軌道上物體的
相關訊息沒被共享。
03:37
So what if we had a globally全球 accessible無障礙,
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那麼,如果我們有個
可供全球讀取、開放和透明的
太空交通訊息系統,
03:39
open打開 and transparent透明
space空間 traffic交通 information信息 system系統
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03:43
that can inform通知 the public上市
of where everything is located位於
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能夠告知公眾一切所在的位置,
03:46
to try to keep space空間 safe安全 and sustainable可持續發展?
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得以確保太空的安全和永續發展呢?
03:49
And what if the system系統 could be used
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如果可以透過運用該系統
來建立以實證為基礎的
太空交通規則行為規範呢?
03:52
to form形成 evidence-based循證
norms規範 of behavior行為 --
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03:55
these space空間 traffic交通 rules規則?
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03:57
So I developed發達 ASTRIAGraphASTRIAGraph,
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因此,我開發了 ASTRIAGraph,
04:00
the world's世界 first crowdsourced眾包,
space空間 traffic交通 monitoring監控 system系統
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這是位在德州大學奧斯汀分校,
世上第一個以群眾外包
完成的太空交通監控系統。
04:03
at the University大學 of Texas德州 at Austin奧斯汀.
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04:06
ASTRIAGraphASTRIAGraph combines聯合收割機 multiple sources來源
of information信息 from around the globe地球 --
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ASTRIAGraph 結合
來自全球各地的多種訊息來源——
04:12
government政府, industry行業 and academia學術界 --
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政府、工業和學術界——
04:13
and represents代表 this in a common共同 framework骨架
that anybody任何人 can access訪問 today今天.
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建在人人都可以讀取的共同框架中。
04:19
Here, you can see 26,000 objects對象
orbiting軌道 the earth地球,
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在這裡看得到圍繞地球運行的
兩萬六千個物體、
04:23
multiple opinions意見,
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源自多個看法,
04:25
and it gets得到 updated更新 in near real真實 time.
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並且近乎即時更新。
04:28
But back to my problem問題
of space空間 traffic交通 map地圖:
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回到我的太空交通地圖問題:
04:32
What if you only had information信息
from the US government政府?
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如果只收得到美國政府
提供的訊息會怎樣?
04:36
Well, in that case案件, that's what
your space空間 traffic交通 map地圖 would look like.
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那麼,太空交通地圖就是這模樣。
04:39
But what do the Russians俄羅斯 think?
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俄國人的呢?
04:45
That looks容貌 significantly顯著 different不同.
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看起來迥異。
04:47
Who's誰是 right? Who's誰是 wrong錯誤?
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誰對誰錯?
04:50
What should I believe?
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我應該相信哪個?我能夠相信什麼?
04:51
What could I trust相信?
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04:52
This is part部分 of the issue問題.
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這是部分問題。
04:55
In the absence缺席 of this framework骨架
to monitor監控 space-actor空間演員 behavior行為,
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在欠缺監測太空行為的框架——
05:03
to monitor監控 activity活動 in space空間 --
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無法監測太空活動
和物體所在位置——
05:05
where these objects對象 are located位於 --
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05:07
to reconcile調和 these inconsistencies不一致性
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若沒調和這些不一致性
和讓這知識觸手可及,
05:10
and make this knowledge知識 commonplace平凡,
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05:12
we actually其實 risk風險 losing失去 the ability能力
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我們真的有可能失去
利用太空來造福人類的能力。
05:17
to use space空間 for humanity's人類的 benefit效益.
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05:22
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝你們。
05:23
(Applause掌聲 and cheers乾杯)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Helen Chang
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moriba Jah - Space environmentalist
TED Fellow Moriba Jah studies and predicts the motion of objects in space in an effort to make space safe, secure, and sustainable.

Why you should listen

All kinds of junk are floating around in space -- old satellites, rockets, other man-made debris -- that pose an increasing danger to space missions. Astrodynamicist Moriba Jah monitors this orbital debris with ASTRIAGraph, a software that tracks the positions and speeds of objects in Earth’s orbit. Jah's vision is for AstriaGraph to become a crowd-sourced citizen-science platform that will make information about space traffic openly available to future generations. His ultimate goal is to make space safe, secure and sustainable.

More profile about the speaker
Moriba Jah | Speaker | TED.com

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