Mark Raymond: Victims of the city
Mark Raymond’s work as an architect in Trinidad and Tobago is founded on the belief that thoughtfully designed cities can foster sustainability and inclusiveness throughout a society. Full bio
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the theme of changing conversations.
موضوع تغير المحادثات.
in the field that I'm in,
within architecture
في مجال الهندسة المعمارية
the way that we look at things.
with architectural projects,
much more with the landscape.
بالمشهد المحيط.
in which design can contribute
to effect social change.
to talk to you today about.
to talk a little bit about architecture,
أن أتحدث قليلًا عن الهندسة المعمارية،
mystical activity.
the architects know what they're doing.
إن كان المعماريون يعلمون ما يفعلونه.
I'm not talking about the profession.
فإني لست أتحدث عن المهنة.
pursued by a select group of people
مجموعة محددة من الأشخاص
in the bigger sense:
بشكل أعمق:
من حيث المكان الذي نشغله،
of the room that we're in,
that is the creation of shelter,
of spaces between buildings,
of the built environment --
20 or 30 years,
and exciting advancements
is that our perception of the world
أن تصورنا للعالم
a lot of our lives,
or television screens
أو شاشات التلفاز،
or in the workplace
our perception of the world.
في الحد من تصورنا للعالم.
but it can reduce it,
or our notion of certain concepts
عن بعض المفاهيم إلى رموز
maybe a lot more pervasive
about architecture.
to thinking about architecture
في الهندسة المعمارية
two-dimensional way, in a flat way,
بطريقة مسطحة،
what it looks like, how it appears,
والشكل الذي يبدو عليه،
or just a sensory experience.
and a big part of design
in which that design exists
الذي يوجد فيه هذا التصميم
to try and predict or project
or where the urban space
is going to be located,
what are the activities
in that space.
the programmatic aspects of architecture,
للهندسة المعمارية،
we've tended to privilege
أصبحنا نميل إلى تمييز
or desire about architecture
في الهندسة المعمارية،
of those programmatic needs.
create monuments, create icons
النصب التذكارية، وصنع الرموز
the value of the operation
or those spaces can affect.
هذه الأماكن والفراغات.
that I think we need to start looking
أعتقد أن علينا النظر
can really impact on society,
والتصميم على المجتمع،
some of the problems
and in what I do
a notion or a concept
important concepts or ideas:
أو أفكار هامة للغاية وهي:
currently in a kind of meltdown situation.
في حالة انصهار حاليًا.
that we live in is challenged.
we've got rising tides,
وارتفاع المد والجزر،
of disasters taking place,
and the environment that we live in.
والبيئة التي نعيش فيها.
is also challenged and threatened
that we're faced with.
some of those issues today
عن بعض هذه القضايا اليوم،
in which we perceive those things.
الذي نتصور من خلاله هذه الأشياء.
or anybody as a designer
design can impact on society,
التصميم على المجتمع،
can infiltrate the idea of society
في فكرة المجتمع
in the operations of society
in the early part of the last century.
في أوائل القرن الماضي.
in lots of ways.
of the environment,
we can see that balance
هذا التوازن في المدن،
the confluence of those forces.
من فهم تأثير هذه القوى.
have done that very successfully.
of very good cities
at a specific moment in time
that, once upon a time,
at the mouth of the St. Ann's River.
such a big, complex conglomeration,
بهذا الكبر والتعقيد،
of complex ideas.
والكثير من الأفكار المعقدة.
at the end of the last century,
مات بنهاية القرن الماضي،
of the city over time.
على مر الزمان.
about the individual production
عن الإنتاج الفردي
of an object -- architecture --
as being a form of cultural production,
من أشكال الإنتاج الثقافي،
than the sum of the parts of the building,
من مجموع أجزاء المبنى،
dynamic, changing process.
متغيرة باستمرار.
important thing to understand,
it's to do with the program.
ولكنه مرتبط بالبرنامج.
what are the dynamics,
what are the elements
and the creation of the city?
is something that can be imagined.
هي شيء يمكن تخيله.
and imagine of a space or a building,
ونتخيل بها حيزًا أو مبنى،
of the individual and the collective.
the individual to the collective,
of the society --
how design can infiltrate
of how Port of Spain evolved
عن كيفية تطور (بورت أوف سبين)
period of 200 years,
following some ordinances
and Latin America
وأمريكا اللاتينية
and the requirements
cities and new colonies.
والمستعمرات الجديدة.
as trade began to develop in Trinidad,
وتطور التجارة في (ترينداد)،
more and more, the surrounding landscape,
على المساحات المحيطة،
what we have today,
the city of Port of Spain.
of macro scale as well.
على المستوى الكلي.
of this big conurbation
لهذا التجمع السكني الكبير
of Spain to the west
into this concept or idea
Laws of the Indies plan.
arrangement and matrix
have led to a lot of problems.
في أكثر من موضع.
of infrastructural problems.
with many, many cities in the world.
مع كثير من المدن حول العالم.
are expanding, they're increasing,
of development that we've undergone
of Spain and the downtown Port of Spain
ووسط مدينة (بورت أوف سبين)
used to constitute the city,
of megalopolis, this sprawl,
من المدن الكبرى، هذا الامتداد،
the water, the power,
مثل الماء، والطاقة،
the polarization that exists,
والاستقطاب الموجود،
happened in this country recently
إلى ما حدث في هذه البلاد حديثًا
completely insurmountable.
where we can't really control it
لا يمكننا التحكم به
that original plan.
في التخطيط الأصلي.
victims of the city,
or willfully designed the city
الذين صمموا المدينة عمدًا وطواعية
commensurate with these issues
of what I would call "typologies,"
with the high-rise development.
that cost a fortune to build.
التي تكلف ثروة لبنائها.
a high-rise building in it.
with modernity and development.
is another predominant type,
that all cities want to have,
concentrate all these shops
to come and do specific retail functions
ويمارسوا أعمالًا تجارية معينة،
in a specific place at a specific time.
في نفس المكان في نفس الوقت.
of cutting through landscapes
وفكرة قطع المشاهد المحيطة لإنشائها
from one point to another.
suburban development.
of development that has taken place
and cities all over the world.
وجميع المدن حول العالم.
with shopping malls,
buildings or suburban development.
في تطوير الأبنية الشاهقة والضواحي.
is that what we seem to be doing
or how we imagine space.
that are really comfortable to walk on
يكون المشي فيها مريحًا،
traffic noise and congestion all the time?
وزحامًا مروريًّا طوال الوقت؟
types of structures and these typologies,
على هذه الأشكال الإنشائية وهذه النماذج،
primarily because they generate profit,
في المقام الأول تحقيقها للأرباح،
consumer system,
that's why they're favored,
above other types of development.
significant and really important
التي لطالما كانت بالغة الأهمية
on this type of development.
the integrity of the city,
the capacity of the city
is they're also exclusive.
you need to be qualified,
access or the resources
that allow you to get the job in there.
الذي يمكنك من الحصول على الوظيفة هناك.
you work outside somewhere.
فستعمل في مكان ما بالخارج.
what those places are like,
to live in the cities
على العيش في المدن
to the life of cities
والمشاركة في حياة المدن
لأن المنشآت الشاهقة تدفعهم للخروج.
like high-rise buildings push them out.
that pushes people out of cities.
يدفع الناس للخروج من المدن.
unless they've got cars,
إلى مراكز التسوق بدون سيارات،
located on the peripheries of cities.
in shopping malls,
enough disposable income;
من المنشآت لقطاع من المجتمع،
whilst they work for sectors of society,
is paid by government, by society
والمجتمع الكثير من الانتباه
of buildings proliferate,
aspects of development --
and types of program
that encourage interaction,
to be with each other
dissipate society,
they polarize society.
money you've got in your pocket.
على قدر ما تملكه من مال.
and more other cities.
that's like a time bomb.
الذي يشبه القنبلة الموقوتة.
it's really not sustainable.
لذلك هذا النمط ليس مستدامًا.
system in the world today --
في العالم اليوم...
of the conditions that people live with.
هو بعض الظروف التي يعيش فيها الناس.
in which people find themselves,
التي يجد الناس أنفسهم فيها،
been shunted or pushed aside
afford to live in the center,
تحمل تكلفة العيش في المركز.
actively or fully
of how we can transform
that happen in these types of spaces
في هذه الأنواع من المساحات
or small gestures,
initiative or social initiative
أو مبادرة اقتصادية أو اجتماعية،
transformation of spaces
greater participation.
when we look at cities,
of cities, it may seem insurmountable.
للمدينة سيبدو أنها لا تقهر.
individual ways of looking at things
والطرق الفردية للنظر للأشياء،
of understanding how we can do that,
أو طريقة لفهم كيف يمكننا القيام بذلك،
to achieving or effecting
where that's been done.
of a city where people sat down
tried to conceive of ways
of dollars on creating more highways.
لإنشاء المزيد من الطرق السريعة.
public spaces that people can use."
وأماكن عامة لكل الناس."
people came into those spaces.
زاد عدد القادمين إلى هذه الأماكن.
in encouraging participation,
في التشجيع على المشاركة،
of community amongst people,
they had between each other,
there are models.
equitable society.
participation for everybody
some of those inhibitions, those barriers.
around all those factors
in constructed and effective ways.
بطرق منظمة وفعالة.
a number of examples.
all over the place.
for tens of thousands of people.
لعشرات الآلاف من الناس.
with is pretty bleak, horrid, grey,
هو شيء كئيب فظيع رمادي
that moves up to Independence Square
التي تمتد حتى ميدان الاستقلال
you know, with landscaping,
of the sort of facilities and amenities
لنوع المنشآت ووسائل الراحة
very important civic space.
of how that space could be treated
عن كيفية التعامل مع هذه المساحة،
in and out of the city every day
and uplifting transition
to the place where you work.
of this landscape in this country,
fine examples of 19th-century architecture
some really fine spaces.
those spaces, we need to appropriate them,
وإلى ملاءمتها،
all types of activity:
and it's fun to be around other people,
والممتع تواجدهم مع أناس آخرين،
of activities that people like to do,
التي يحبونها،
or economic circumstance,
الاجتماعية والاقتصادية،
how we break down those barriers.
على كيفية كسر هذه الحواجز.
that spaces are formulated
التي تتشكل بها المساحات
between inside and outside,
بين الداخل والخارج،
that really encourage interaction,
to developers, to people
of these may not be measured
immeasurable in the long run.
لا حصر له على المدى الطويل.
I think we can demonstrate --
أعتقد أنه يمكننا أن نبين...
designers had the capacity to do that --
أن المصممين لديهم القدرة على فعل ذلك...
we can demonstrate to people
of the society,
بأنهم جزء من المجتمع،
of ensuring a sustainable future.
لضمان مستقبل مستدام.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Raymond - ArchitectMark Raymond’s work as an architect in Trinidad and Tobago is founded on the belief that thoughtfully designed cities can foster sustainability and inclusiveness throughout a society.
Why you should listen
Mark Raymond is the president of The Trinidad and Tobago Institute of Architects -- a firm dedicated to safeguarding sustainable, ethical and artistic design throughout the islands. He studied at the Architectural Association in London and worked for Norman Foster and DEGW before returning to Trinidad. Mark works on a wide variety of architectural, urban design and landscaping projects. He has also lectured in the US, UK and throughout the Caribbean.
Mark Raymond | Speaker | TED.com