TEDGlobal 2010
Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love
Jessica Jackley: Pobresa, diners -- i amor
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Readability: 3.3
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Què penses de la gent que viu en la pobresa? Potser el mateix que pensava la Jessica Jackley abans: "ells" necessiten "la nostra" ajuda, en forma de monedes en un pot. La co-fundadora de Kiva.org ens explica com va canviar la seva actitud -- i com la seva feina amb els microcrèdits ha donat un nou poder a la gent que viu amb pocs dòlars al dia.
Jessica Jackley - Microlender
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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Les històries que expliquem dels altres
00:18
matter very much.
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importen molt.
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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Les històries que expliquem sobre les nostres pròpies vides importen.
00:24
And most of all,
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I sobretot,
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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penso que la manera en què participem en les històries dels altres
00:28
is of deep importance.
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és de gran importància.
00:31
I was six years old
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Jo tenia sis anys
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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quan vaig sentir per primer cop històries sobre els pobres.
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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Bé, no les sentia dels mateixos pobres,
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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les sentia de la meva professora de catequesi
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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i de Jesús, a través de la meva professora de catequesi.
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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Recordo que vaig aprendre que la gent pobre
00:46
needed something material --
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necessitava coses materials --
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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menjar, roba, refugi -- que no tenien.
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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I també em van ensenyar, juntament amb això,
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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que era el meu deure -- en una classe plena de nens de cinc i sis anys --
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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era el nostre deure, segons sembla, ajudar.
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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Això és el que Jesús ens demanava.
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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I ell va dir, "El que feu pel més humil de tots, ho feu per mi."
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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Bé, jo estava bastant mentalitzada.
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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Estava ansiosa per ser útil pel món.
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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Crec que tots tenim aquest sentiment.
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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I a més, resultava bastant interessant que Déu necessités ajuda.
01:11
That was news to me,
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Per a mí era una novetat,
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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i semblava que era una cosa molt important en què participar.
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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Però poc després vaig aprendre
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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que Jesús també va dir, i parafrasejo,
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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que els pobres sempre serien amb nosaltres.
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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Això em va frustrar i confondre.
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I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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Em vaig sentir com si m'acabessin de posar uns deures
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that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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que havia de fer, i estava emocionada per fer,
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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però que fes el que fes, fracassaria.
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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Així que em vaig sentir confusa, una mica frustrada i enfadada,
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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com si hagués malentès alguna cosa.
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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I em vaig sentir aclaparada.
01:37
And for the first time,
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I per primer cop,
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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vaig començar a tenir por d'aquest grup de persones
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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i a sentir emocions negatives envers tot un grup de gent.
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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M'imaginava com una llarga fila d'individus
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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que mai no marxarien, que sempre serien amb nosaltres.
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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Sempre em demanarien que els ajudés i els donés coses,
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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la qual cosa m'entusiasmava,
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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però no sabia com resultaria.
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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I no sabia què passaria quan em quedés sense coses per donar,
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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especialment si el problema no desapareixeria mai.
02:03
In the years following,
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Durant els anys següents,
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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la resta d'històries que vaig sentir dels pobres
02:07
were no more positive.
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no van ser més positives.
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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Per exemple, vaig veure fotos i imatges
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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sovint de tristesa i patiment.
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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Sentia parlar de coses que no anaven bé en les vides dels pobres.
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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Sentia parlar de malalties. Sentia parlar de guerra.
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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Semblaven estar sempre vinculades.
02:21
And in general,
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I en general,
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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vaig arribar a aquest tipus d'idea
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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de que els pobres del món vivien vides
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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que portaven implícites patiment i tristesa,
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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devastació, desesperança.
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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I amb el pas del temps, vaig desenvolupar quelcom que crec que tots sentim,
02:34
is this predictable response,
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aquesta reacció previsible,
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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de començar a sentir-me malament cada cop que sentia parlar d'ells.
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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Vaig començar a sentir-me culpable pel meu relatiu benestar,
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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perquè no estaba fent més per a millorar les coses.
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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I fins i tot me'n avergonyia.
02:48
And so naturally,
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I aleshores, naturalment,
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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vaig començar a distanciar-me'n.
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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Vaig deixar d'escoltar les seves històries
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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tant atentament com abans.
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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I vaig deixar d'esperar que les coses canviessin realment.
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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Però vaig seguir donant. Des de fora semblava que seguia bastant involucrada.
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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Donava del meu temps i els meus diners.
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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Donava quan les solucions estaven a la venda.
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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El que costa un cafè pot salvar la vida d'un nen.
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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En fi, qui pot discutir això?
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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Donava quan estava acorralada, quan era difícil d'evitar,
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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i donava, generalment, quan les emocions negatives s'acumulaven tant
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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que ho feia per alleujar el meu propi sofriment,
03:18
not someone else's.
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no el dels altres.
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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Francament, és des d'allà que donava,
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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no des d'un indret genuí d'esperança,
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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emoció per donar i generositat.
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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Es va convertir en una transacció per a mí,
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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una espècie d'intercanvi.
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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Estava adquirint quelcom.
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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Comprava el meu dret de seguir amb el meu dia
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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sense necessitat de ser molestada per aquestes notícies dolentes.
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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I crec que la forma en què portem això a vegades
03:43
can, first of all,
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pot, per a començar,
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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deshumanitzar un grup de persones, individus que viuen allà fora, al món.
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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I també es pot transformar en una mercaderia,
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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la qual cosa fa molta por.
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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Així que fent això, tal i com fem molts de nosaltres,
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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comprava la meva distància, com qui diu,
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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comprava el dret a seguir amb el meu dia.
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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Penso que aquest intercanvi pot interferir en allò que més volem.
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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Pot interferir en el nostre desig
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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de ser realment significatius i útils per a la vida d'una altra persona
04:07
and, in short to love.
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i, en una paraula, d'estimar.
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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Afortunadament, fa uns anys, les coses van canviar per a mí
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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perque vaig sentir parlar aquest senyor, el Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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Sé que molts dels que sou aquí sabreu exactament qui és,
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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però per donar-ne la versió abreujada
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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per aquells que no l'hagin sentit parlar,
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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el Dr. Yunus va guanyar el Premi Nobel de la Pau fa uns anys
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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pel seu pioner treball en microfinances modernes.
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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Quan el vaig sentir parlar, va ser tres anys abans d'això.
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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Bàsicament, en les microfinances -- per si això és nou per a vosaltres --
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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hi heu de pensar com a serveis financers pels pobres.
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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Penseu en tot el que es pot obtenir d'un banc
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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i imagineu aquests productes i serveis
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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adaptats a les necessitats d'algú que viu amb un grapat de dòlars al dia.
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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El Dr. Yunus va compartir la seva història,
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explaining what that was,
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explicant què era tot això,
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and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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i què havia fet amb el seu Grameen Bank.
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He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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També va parlar, en particular, dels microcrèdits,
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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que són petits préstecs
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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que podrien ajudar algú a iniciar o fer créixer un negoci.
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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Bé, quan el vaig sentir parlar, va ser fascinant per moltes raons.
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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La primera i més important, és que vaig saber del seu mètode de canvi al món
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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que, per una vegada, em va mostrar, potser,
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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una via per interactuar amb algú
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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i donar, compartir un recurs d'una manera que no es feia estranya
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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i no em feia sentir malament.
05:08
that was exciting.
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Allò va ser emocionant.
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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Però, el que és encara més important, ell explicava històries dels pobres
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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diferents de les que havia sentit mai.
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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En realitat, el fet que aquells individus de qui parlava eren pobres era com una nota al marge.
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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Ell parlava d'emprenedors forts, intel·ligents i
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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treballadors que es llevaven cada dia
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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i feien coses per a millorar les seves vides i les de les seves famílies.
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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Tot el que necessitaven per fer-ho més ràpidament i millor
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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era una mica de capital.
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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Per a mí va ser una revelació meravellosa.
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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I, de fet, em va commoure tan profundament,
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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se'm fa difícil expressar fins a quin punt em va afectar,
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but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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però em va xocar tant que poques setmanes més tard vaig deixar la feina,
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and I moved to East Africa
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i vaig viatjar a l'est de l'Àfrica
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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a intentar esbrinar per mí mateixa de què anava tot allò.
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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Per primera vegada, en realitat, en molt de temps
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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volia conèixer aquells individus, volia conèixer aquells emprenedors,
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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i veure per mí mateixa com eren les seves vides realment.
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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Així que vaig passar tres mesos a Kènia, Uganda i Tanzània
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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entrevistant-me amb emprenedors que havien rebut 75 euros
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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per a engegar o engrandir un negoci.
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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I de fet, a través d'aquelles interaccions,
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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per primera vegada, vaig començar a fer-me amiga
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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d'algunes d'aquelles persones d'aquell grup tan abstracte
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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que suposadament estava tant lluny.
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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Vaig començar a fer-m'hi amiga i a conèixer les seves històries personals.
06:14
And over and over again,
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I una vegada i una altra,
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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mentre els entrevistava i passava els meus dies amb ells,
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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vaig sentir històries de vides canviades
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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i sorprenents petits detalls de canvi.
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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Vaig sentir parlar de pastors de cabres
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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que havien emprat els diners que havien rebut en comprar algunes cabres més.
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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La trajectòria dels seus negocis canviaria.
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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Farien una mica més de diners.
06:31
their standard of living
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La seva qualitat de vida
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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milloraria.
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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I farien petits arranjaments a les seves vides realment interessants,
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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com ara enviar els nens a l'escola.
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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Probablement podrien comprar-se teles mosquiteres.
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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Potser podrien permetre's un pany a la porta per a sentir-se segurs.
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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Potser podrien simplement posar sucre al te
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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i oferir-me'n quan hi anés de visita
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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i això els faria sentir orgullosos.
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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Però hi havia aquets detalls bonics, encara que parlés amb 20 pastors seguits,
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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i alguns dies això és el que passava --
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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aquests preciosos senyals de canvi de vida
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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que eren tant significatius per a ells.
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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Aquesta va ser una altra cosa que realment em va arribar.
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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Va ser una lliçó d'humilitat veure per primer cop,
07:04
to really understand
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entendre realment
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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que, encara que hagués pogut agafar una vareta màgica i arreglar-ho tot,
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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probablement m'hagués equivocat en moltes coses.
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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Perquè la millor manera per a la gent d'arreglar les seves vides
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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és que tinguin el control i que ho facin de la forma que creguin més convenient per a ells.
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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Així que me'n vaig adonar i va ser una cura d'humiltat.
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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Bé, una altra cosa interessant va passar mentre jo era allà.
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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Ni una sola vegada em van demanar una donació,
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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que era al que jo estava acostumada.
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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Hi ha pobresa; dones diners per ajudar.
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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Ningú no em va demanar una donació.
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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De fet, ningú no volia de cap manera que em sentís malament per ells.
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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Com a màxim, volien poder fer més del que ja feien
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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i construir a partir de les seves pròpies habilitats.
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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El que sí que vaig sentir, de tant en tant,
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
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és que la gent volia un préstec --
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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vaig pensar que sonava molt raonable i emocionant.
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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Per cert, vaig estudiar filosofia i poesia a la universitat,
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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així que no sabia la diferència entre beneficis i ingressos quan vaig anar a l'Àfrica oriental.
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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Simplement tenia la impressió de que els diners servirien.
07:55
And my introduction to business
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I la meva iniciació als negocis
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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va ser amb aquestes petites injeccions de capital de 75 €.
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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I vaig aprendre sobre beneficis i ingressos, sobre apalancament, sobre tot tipus de coses,
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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de grangers, de costureres, de ramaders.
08:06
So this idea
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Així que aquesta idea
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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de que aquestes noves històries de negocis i esperança
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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les hauria de compartir amb els meus amics i familiars,
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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i de pas, potser aconseguiríem una mica d'aquests diners que ells necessitaven
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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per a poder continuar amb els seus negocis, en forma de préstecs,
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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aquesta simple idea es va convertir en Kiva.
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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Uns quants mesos més tard, vaig tornar a Uganda
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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amb una càmera digital i una pàgina web bàsica
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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que la meva parella, el Matthew, i jo havíem creat,
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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i vam fer fotos de set dels meus nous amics,
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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vam penjar les seves històries a la web, aquestes històries d'emprenedoria,
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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les vam fer arribar a amics i família i vam dir: "Creiem que això és legal.
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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Encara no tenim resposta de la SEC (Comissió de Seguretat i Intercanvi) sobre els detalls,
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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però us interessaria participar en això,
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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proporcionar-los els diners que necessiten?"
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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Els diners van arribar bàsicament d'un dia per l'altre.
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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Els vam enviar a Uganda.
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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I en els sis mesos següents, va passar una cosa preciosa;
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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els emprenedors van rebre els diners,
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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els van pagar i, efectivament, els seus negocis van créixer,
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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i van ser capaços de mantenir-se ells mateixos
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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i variar la trajectòria de les seves vides.
09:01
In October of '05,
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A l'octubre de 2005,
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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després que aquells set primers préstecs foren retornats,
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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el Matt i jo vam treure la frase "versió en proves" de la web.
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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Vam dir, "El nostre petit experiment ha estat un èxit.
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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Ara comencem de veritat.". Allò va ser el nostre llançament oficial.
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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I aquell primer any, d'octubre 05 a octubre 06,
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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Kiva va facilitar 370.000 € en préstecs.
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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El segon any, van ser un total de 11 milions.
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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El tercer any, la xifra va rondar els 30.
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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El quart, vam estar gairebé en els 75.
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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I avuí, amb menys de cinc anys de vida,
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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Kiva ja ha facilitat
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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més de 115 milions d'euros, en petites sumes de 20 euros,
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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entre prestadors i emprenedors --
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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més d'un milió d'ells, repartits en 200 països.
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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Doncs en aquest punt es troba Kiva avuí en dia, per retornar-vos al present.
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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I tot i que aquests nombres i estadístiques
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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són interessants i realment divertits d'explicar,
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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per a mí, en realitat Kiva va d'històries.
09:46
It's about retelling
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Va de reexplicar
09:48
the story of the poor,
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la història dels pobres,
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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i de donar-nos a nosaltres mateixos
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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una oportunitat d'involucrar-nos
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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que validi la seva dignitat,
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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que validi una relació de companyerisme,
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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i no una relació basada
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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en la tradicional estranyesa que es pot donar
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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entre donant i beneficiari.
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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En lloc d'això, una relació que promogui el respecte
10:08
and hope
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i l'esperança
10:10
and this optimism
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i aquest optimisme
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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de que junts podem avançar.
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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El que espero és,
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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no només que els diners segueixin fluint a través de Kiva --
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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cosa que és molt positiva i significativa --
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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sinó que espero que Kiva pugui desdibuixar les línies que hi ha, com he dit,
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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entre les tradicionals categories de rics i pobres
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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que ens han ensenyat a veure en el món
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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aquesta falsa dicotomia entre nosaltres i ells, entre tenir i no tenir.
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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Espero que Kiva pugui esborrar aquestes línies.
10:32
Because as that happens,
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Perquè, mentre això passi,
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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crec que podem sentir-nos lliures per a interactuar
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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d'un mode més obert, més just i més creatiu,
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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per a comprometre'ns i ajudar-nos els uns als altres.
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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Imagineu com us sentiu
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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quan veieu algú al carrer demanant
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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i esteu a punt d'apropar-vos-hi.
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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Imagineu com us sentiu.
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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I ara imagineu la diferència amb veure algú
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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que té una història d'emprenedoria i treball dur
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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i vol parlar-vos del seu negoci.
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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Potser estigui somrient, i vulgui explicar-vos el que ha fet.
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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Imagineu que esteu parlant amb algú
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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que està fent créixer i prosperar alguna cosa,
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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algú que està utilitzant el seu talent
11:10
to do something productive,
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per fer quelcom productiu,
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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algú que ha construït el seu propi negoci des de zero,
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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que està envoltat d'abundància,
11:17
not scarcity,
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i no d'escassetat,
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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que de fet està creant abundància,
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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algú amb les mans plenes d'alguna cosa per oferir,
11:24
not empty hands
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i no amb les mans buides
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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demanant-vos que li doneu alguna cosa.
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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Imagineu si poguéssiu sentir una història que no esperàveu
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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d'algú que es lleva cada dia
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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i treballa molt molt dur per a fer la seva vida millor.
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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Aquestes històries realment poden canviar la forma que tenim de pensar en els altres.
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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I si podem reunir
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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una comunitat sustentadora que s'apropi a aquests individus
11:44
and to participate in their story
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i que participi en la seva història
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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deixant-los una mica de diners,
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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crec que pot canviar la manera en què creiem en els altres
11:50
and each other's potential.
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i en el seu potencial.
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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Però per a mí Kiva tan sols és el principi.
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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I quan faig una ullada al futur,
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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m'és útil reflexionar sobre les coses que he après fins ara.
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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La primera és, com ja he dit, aquesta idea d'emprenedoria que era nova per a mi.
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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Els prestataris de Kiva, a mesura que els he anat entrevistant i coneixent en els últims anys,
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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m'han ensenyat què és l'emprenedoria.
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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I penso que, en el fons, és decidir que vols millorar la teva vida.
12:10
You see an opportunity
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Veure una oportunitat,
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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i decidir què faràs per intentar aprofitar-la.
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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En poques paraules, es tracta de decidir que demà pot ser millor que avuí
12:16
and going after that.
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i perseguir-ho.
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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La segona cosa que he après és que els crèdits són una eina molt interessant per a la conectivitat.
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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No són un donatiu.
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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D'acord, potser no sona tan diferent.
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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Però de fet, quan dones alguna cosa a algú
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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i diu "gràcies", i et fa saber com van les coses,
12:29
that's one thing.
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és una cosa.
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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En canvi, quan li deixes diners, i a poc a poc te'ls torna,
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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tens una excusa per mantenir un diàleg constant.
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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Aquesta atenció contínua, aquesta atenció constant,
12:38
is a really big deal
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és realment important
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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per a construir diferents tipus de relació entre nosaltres.
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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I en tercer lloc, pel que he sentit dels emprenedors que he conegut,
12:46
when all else is equal,
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a iguals condicions,
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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donada la opció de simplement disposar dels diners per a fer el que necessita,
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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o bé de comptar amb els diners més el suport i l'estímul
12:54
of a global community,
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d'una comunitat global,
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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la gent escull comunitat més diners.
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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És una combinació molt més significativa, molt més poderosa.
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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Amb això al cap, aquest particular episodi
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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m'ha portat a fer el que ara faig.
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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Ara que estic ficada en això, veig emprenedors per tot arreu.
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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I una cosa de què m'he adonat
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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és que hi ha moltes comunitats sustentadores al món que ja existeixen.
13:12
With social networks,
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Les xarxes socials,
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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són una via increïble per a augmentar ràpidament el nombre de persones que tenim al nostre voltant
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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a les nostres pròpies comunitats de suport.
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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Així que, pensant en això,
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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m'he estat preguntant: com podem comprometre aquestes comunitats sustentadores
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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a catalitzar encara més idees emprenedores
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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i a ajudar-nos
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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a fer que demà sigui millor que avuí?
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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Després de fer una recerca sobre el que passa als Estats Units,
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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m'he trobat algunes dades interessants.
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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Una d'elles és que, com era d'esperar,
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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molts petits negocis als EE.UU i arreu del món
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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encara necessiten diners per créixer i per fer més d'allò que volen fer,
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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o pot ser que necessitin diners durant un mes difícil.
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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Però sempre hi ha necessitat de recursos a prop.
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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Per altra banda, resulta que
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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aquests recursos no acostumen a venir d'on podríem esperar --
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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bancs, inversors
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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o altres organitzacions i estructures de suport --,
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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vénen d'amics i familiars.
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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Algunes estadístiques diuen que el 85% o més del finançament de les petites empreses
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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s'obté d'amics i família.
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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Això representa uns 100.000 milions d'euros l'any.
14:06
it's a lot.
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És molt.
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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I en tercer lloc, quan la gent duu a terme aquest procés de recaptació de fons
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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entre amics i familiars, li resulta molt incòmode, no sap ben bé què demanar,
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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com demanar-ho o què prometre a canvi,
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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tot i que tingui la millor de les intencions
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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i vulgui donar les gràcies a aquells que l'estan recolzant.
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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Aleshores, per tal d'aprofitar el poder d'aquestes comunitats sustentadores d'una manera nova
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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i permetre als emprenedors decidir per ells mateixos
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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com volen que sigui la seva transacció financera,
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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què els convé més a ells i als del seu entorn,
14:30
this week actually,
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just aquesta setmana
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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estem fent un discret llançament de Profunder,
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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una plataforma recol·lectora de gent perquè els petits negocis recaptin el que necessiten
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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a través d'inversions d'amics i familiars.
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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I són inversions, no donacions, ni préstecs,
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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sinó inversions amb un retorn dinàmic.
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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De manera que el panorama de la participació en la història,
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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fluctua amb els alts i baixos.
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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En poques paraules, es tracta d'una eina de "fes-ho tu mateix"
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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perquè els petits negocis recaptin fons.
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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I el que hom pot fer és anar a la web, crear un perfil,
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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i establir les condicions d'inversió d'una forma molt senzilla.
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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És molt fàcil, tant per a mi
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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com per a qualsevol que vulgui utilitzar el lloc web.
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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I permetem que els emprenedors comparteixin un percentatge dels seus ingressos.
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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Poden reunir fins a 770.000 euros
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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d'un nombre il·limitat d'inversors no acreditats ni sofisticats
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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-- gent normal, Déu ens lliuri --
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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i poden compartir aquestes devolucions al llarg del temps --
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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sempre sota les condicions que ells hagin definit.
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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Un cop els inversors decideixen involucrar-se,
15:16
based on those terms,
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en base a aquestes condicions,
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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poden obtenir la seva retribució en metàl·lic,
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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o bé decidir amb antelació
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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donar-la a una organització sense ànim de lucre.
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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Així que poden ser inversors d'efectiu o d'una causa.
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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El meu desig és que aquest tipus d'eina pugui mostrar a qualsevol que tingui una idea
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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un camí a seguir per a fer allò que vol fer al món
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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i reunir la gent que ja té al seu voltant,
15:34
the people that know them best
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la gent que millor coneix
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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i que l'estimen i el volen recolzar,
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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reunir-los per a fer-ho possible.
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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Doncs en això estic treballant ara.
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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I per acabar, voldria dir que tot això només són eines.
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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Ara mateix, Profunder tot just acaba d'engegar,
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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i és molt palpable, veig molt clar, que només es tracta d'un vehicle, una eina.
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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El que necessitem és que la gent s'interessi, que la utilitzi.
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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tal i com es va interessar en utilitzar Kiva
15:54
to make those connections.
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per a crear aquelles conexions.
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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Però la bona notícia és que no fa falta que us convenci de que us ha d'importar.
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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Ni tan sols ho intentaré.
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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No crec, encara que sovint sentim
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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les raons ètiques i morals,
16:04
the religious reasons,
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les raons religioses,
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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"Heus aquí per què preocupar-te i donar et farà més feliç".
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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No crec que ens hagin de convèncer d'això. Crec que ja ho sabem.
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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De fet, crec que en som tan conscients,
16:14
and it's such a reality
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i és una realitat
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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que ens importa tan profundament,
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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que el que ens acostuma a frenar
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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és la por a intentar-ho i fallar,
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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perquè ens preocupem moltíssim per ajudar als altres
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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i esdevenir significatius en les seves vides.
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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Així que el que puc fer avuí,
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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el millor que puc oferir-vos --
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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Us he donat la meva història, que és el millor que puc fer.
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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I puc recordar-nos que sí que ens importa.
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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Penso que ja ho sabem tots.
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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I crec que tots sabem que l'amor és prou fort
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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com per sortir allà i intentar-ho.
16:45
Just a sec.
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Un segon, siusplau.
16:51
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
16:53
Thanks.
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Gràcies.
16:55
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
17:05
Thanks.
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Gràcies.
17:07
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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Per a mi, la millor manera d'inspirar-se per intentar-ho
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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és parar-se a escoltar
17:14
to someone else's story.
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la història d'algú altre.
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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I estic molt agraïda per haver-ho pogut fer aquí a TED.
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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I estic agraïda perquè cada cop que ho faig,
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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us ho garantitzo, em sento inspirada,
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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Em sento inspirada per la persona que escolto.
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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I cada cop crec més
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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en el potencial d'aquella persona per a fer grans coses al món
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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i en el meu propi potencial per a ajudar.
17:36
And that --
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I això
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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-- oblideu les eines, oblideu el flux de recursos --
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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això és fàcil.
17:42
Believing in each other,
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Creure els uns en els altres,
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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estar realment segurs en els moments dificils
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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de que cadascú de nosaltres pot fer coses increïbles al món,
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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això és el que pot transformar les nostres històries en històries d'amor
17:52
and our collective story
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i la nostra història col·lectiva
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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en una història que perpetuï l'esperança
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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i allò que és bo per a nosaltres.
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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De manera que, aquest creure els uns en els altres
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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sense albergar cap mena de dubte
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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i posar-ho en pràctica dia a dia en tot allò que fem,
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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és el que jo crec que canviarà el món i farà que demà sigui millor que avuí.
18:07
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
18:09
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Jackley - MicrolenderJessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world.
Why you should listen
Seven years ago, Jessica Jackley heard a speech by Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus, an economist from Bangladesh who had developed the idea of microcredit: loans offered to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. She says, "I was so completely blown away by the idea that I quit my job, dropped everything and moved to East Africa to help." In late 2005 she co-founded Kiva.org with Matt Flannery.
Kiva uses a peer-to-peer model in which lenders sort through profiles of potential borrowers -- be they a farmer in Cambodia, a pharmacist in Sierra Leone, or a shopkeeper in Mongolia -- and make loans to those they find most appealing. The minimum loan is $25, and the interest rate is 0%. The repayment rate for loans is more than 98%, Jackley says, and since the group was founded almost 700,000 people have pledged $128 million in loans to more than 325,000 people. Jackley's latest project is ProFounder, a new platform that helps small businesses in the United States access startup funding through community investing.
Jessica Jackley | Speaker | TED.com