TEDGlobal 2010
Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love
Džesika Džekli: Siromaštvo, novac - i ljubav
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Šta mislite o ljudima koji žive u siromaštvu? Možda isto što je nekad mislila i Džesika Džekli: njima "je potrebna" "naša" pomoć, u obliku nekoliko novčića u kasici. Suosnivač Kiva.org, ona govori kako je promenila svoj stav - i kako je njen rad sa mikrozajmovima doneo novo osnaženje ljudima koji žive od nekoliko dolara dnevno.
Jessica Jackley - Microlender
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Jessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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Priče koje pričamo jedni o drugima
00:18
matter very much.
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su veoma važne.
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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Važne su priče koje sebi pričamo o sopstvenim životima.
00:24
And most of all,
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Ali više od svega, mislim da
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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način na koji učestvujemo u međusobnim
00:28
is of deep importance.
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pričama ima dubokog značaja.
00:31
I was six years old
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Imala sam šest godina
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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kada sam prvi put čula priče o siromašnima.
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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Nisam ih čula od siromašnih lično,
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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čula sam ih od učitelja veronauke
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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i od Isusa, preko učitelja veronauke.
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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Sećam se da sam učila da je siromašnim ljudima
00:46
needed something material --
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potrebno nešto materijalno -
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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hrana, odeća, sklonište - što nemaju.
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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Takođe su me učili, pored toga,
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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- učionica je bila puno petogodišnjaka i šestogodišnjaka -
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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da je naš posao, očigledno, da pomažemo.
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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To je Isus tražio od nas. A onda je rekao,
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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"Kad učiniste jednome od ove moje najmanje braće, meni učiniste."
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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Bila sam prilično uzbuđena.
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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Jedva sam čekala da budem od koristi svetu.
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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Mislim da svi to osećamo.
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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Takođe je bilo interesantno da je Bogu potrebna pomoć.
01:11
That was news to me,
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To je za mene bila novost, i osećala sam
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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da je to važna stvar u kojoj treba učestvovati.
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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Ali sam takođe uskoro otkrila
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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da je Isus pored toga rekao, parafraziraću,
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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da će siromašnih uvek biti među nama.
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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To me je frustriralo i zbunjivalo.
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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Osećala sam se kao da sam dobila domaći
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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koji moram da uradim i zbog kog sam uzbuđena,
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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ali šta god da uradim, doživljavam neuspeh.
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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Bila sam zbunjena, pomalo frustrirana i ljuta,
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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kao da sam možda nešto pogrešno razumela.
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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Osećala sam se preplavljeno.
01:37
And for the first time,
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I po prvi put sam
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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počela da se bojim te grupe ljudi,
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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i da osećam negativne emocije prema celoj jednoj grupi.
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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U glavi sam zamišljala dugačak red osoba
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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koje nikad neće otići, koje će uvek biti s nama.
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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Uvek će tražiti da im pomognem i da im dajem stvari,
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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oko čega sam bila uzbuđena,
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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ali nisam znala kako će to da funkcioniše.
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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I nisam znala šta bi se dogodilo da ostanem bez stvari za davanje,
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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naročito ako taj problem neće nestati.
02:03
In the years following,
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U narednim godinama,
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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druge priče koje sam, odrastajući, slušala o siromašnima
02:07
were no more positive.
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nisu bile pozitivnije.
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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Na primer, često sam viđala slike
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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tuge i patnje.
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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Čula sam za stvari koje polaze po zlu u životima siromašnih.
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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Slušala sam o bolestima. O ratu.
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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Oni su uvek bili povezani.
02:21
And in general,
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I uopšte,
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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mislila sam
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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da siromašni u ovom svetu žive živote
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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koji su prožeti patnjom i tugom,
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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uništavanjem i beznađem.
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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I posle nekog vremena, razvila sam, kao i mnogi od nas,
02:34
is this predictable response,
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jedan predvidiv odgovor, kad
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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bih se osećala loše svaki put kad bih slušala o njima.
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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Počela sam da se osećam krivom za svoje dobrostanje,
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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jer očigledno, nisam činila više da bih poboljšala stvari.
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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Čak sam se zbog toga i stidela.
02:48
And so naturally,
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Tako sam, prirodno,
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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počela da se distanciram.
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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Prestala sam da njihove priče
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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slušam pažljivo, kao ranije.
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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Prestala sam da očekujem da se stvari zaista promene.
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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I dalje sam davala. Spolja je izgledalo kao da sam i dalje uključena.
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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Davala sam svoje vreme i novac.
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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Davala sam kada su rešenja bila moguća.
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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Cena šoljice kafe može spasiti život deteta, da.
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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Mislim, ko može tome da se suprotstavi?
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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Davala sam kad sam morala, kad nije moglo da se izbegne,
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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i uglavnom sam davala kada bi se dovoljno negativnih osećanja nakupilo,
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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da sam davala kako bih olakšala sopstvenu patnju,
03:18
not someone else's.
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a ne patnju nekog drugog.
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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Iskreno, zbog toga sam davala,
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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a ne iz iskrene nade i uzbuđenja
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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što pomažem i iz velikodušnosti.
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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To je za mene postala transakcija,
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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neka vrsta razmene.
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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Kupovala sam nešto.
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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Kupovala sam svoje pravo da nastavim sa svojim danom
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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i da me ne gnjave te loše vesti.
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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Mislim da način na koji nekad idemo kroz to
03:43
can, first of all,
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može, pre svega,
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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da obezvredi grupu ljudi, osobe, u svetu.
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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I može da se pretvori u robu,
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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što je veoma zastrašujuća stvar.
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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Mislim da mnogi od nas to čine,
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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mi kupujemo svoju distancu,
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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kupujemo svoje pravo da nastavimo svoj dan.
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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Mislim da ta razmena može da se ispreči na putu onome što najviše želimo.
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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Da se ispreči našoj želji
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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da budemo značajni i korisni u životu druge osobe
04:07
and, in short to love.
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i ukratko, da se ispreči ljubavi.
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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Na sreću, pre nekoliko godina su mi se stvari promenile
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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jer sam čula govor jednog gospodina, doktora Muhameda Junusa.
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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Znam da mnogi ovde verovatno znaju ko je tačno on,
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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ali da ukratko pojasnim
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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onima koji ga nisu nikad čuli,
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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dr Junus je dobio Nobelovu nagradu pre nekoliko godina
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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za svoj pionirski rad na polju modernih mikrofinansiranja.
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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Ja sam ga slušala tri godine pre toga.
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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Ali u osnovi - ako vam je i ovo novo - mislite o
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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mikrofinansiranju kao finansijskoj podršci za siromašne.
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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Zamislite sve što dobijate u svojoj banci
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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i zamislite te proizvode i usluge
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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prilagođene potrebama onih koji žive od nekoliko dolara dnevno.
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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Doktor Junus je podelio svoju priču,
04:43
explaining what that was,
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objasnio o čemu se radi,
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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i šta je uradio sa svojom "Gramin bankom".
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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Takođe je posebno govorio o mikrozajmovima,
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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to su sićušni zajmovi koji
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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mogu pomoći nekome da započne ili razvije posao.
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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Kada sam ga čula, bila sam uzbuđena iz nekoliko razloga.
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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Prvo i pre svega, naučila sam novi način promene u svetu
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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koji mi je konačno pokazao, možda,
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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način interakcije i davanja drugome,
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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deljenja resursa na način koji nije čudan
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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i zbog kog se ne osećam loše.
05:08
that was exciting.
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To je bilo uzbudljivo.
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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Ali što je važnije, pričao je priče o siromašnima
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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koje su bile drugačije od svih koje sam pre čula.
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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Ustvari, to da su ti ljudi bili siromašni, bila je sporedna priča.
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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Govorio je o jakim, pametnim,
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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vrednim preduzetnicima koji se bude svakog dana
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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i rade stvari da učine svoj i živote svoje porodice boljim.
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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Sve što im je bilo potrebno da to urade brže i bolje,
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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bilo je malo ulaganja.
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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To je za mene bio neverovatan uvid.
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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Ustvari, toliko sam bila time dirnuta,
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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sada je teško pokazati koliko je to uticalo na mene,
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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ali toliko sam bila dirnuta da sam ostavila posao nekoliko nedelja kasnije,
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
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i preselila se u Istočnu Afriku
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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da pokušam sama da vidim o čemu se tu radi.
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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Po prvi put, posle mnogo vremena,
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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želela sam da upoznam te ljude, te preduzetnike
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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i uverim se sama kakvi su njihovi životi.
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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Provela sam tri meseca u Keniji, Ugandi i Tanzaniji
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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intervjuišući preduzetnike koji su dobili 100 dolara
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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za početak ili razvoj posla.
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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Ustvari, kroz te interakcije
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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sam po prvi put postajala prijatelj
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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sa nekim od tih ljudi iz te bezoblične grupe
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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koja je trebalo da bude negde daleko.
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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Postajali smo prijatelji i saznavala sam njihove lične priče.
06:14
And over and over again,
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I iznova i iznova, dok sam
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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ih intervjuisala i provodila dane s njima,
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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čula sam priče o životnim promenama
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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i neverovatne detalje promena.
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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Uzgajivači koza su pričali
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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kako su iskoristili taj novac da kupe još koju kozu.
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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Putanja njihovog posla bi se promenila.
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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Zaradili bi malo više novca.
06:31
their standard of living
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Njihov životni standard
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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bi se promenio i poboljšao.
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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I napravili bi zanimljiva mala poboljšanja u životima,
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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počinjali bi da upisuju decu u škole.
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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Mogli bi da priušte mreže za komarce.
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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Možda i bravu za vrata, kako bi se osećali sigurnije.
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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Možda samo da imaju šećera za čaj
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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koji bi mi ponudili kad bih došla u posetu,
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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zbog čega bi bili ponosni.
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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Bilo je tih divnih detalja, čak i kad bih pričala sa 20 uzgajivača koza,
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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a to se dešavalo nekim danima,
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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ti divni detalji životnih promena
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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koji su im bili značajni.
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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To me je takođe veoma dirnulo.
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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Bilo je ponizno, po prvi put videti
07:04
to really understand
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i zaista razumeti da,
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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čak i da sam mogla čarobnim štapićem da sve popravim,
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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verovatno bih mnogo pogrešila.
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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Jer najbolji način da ljudi promene svoje živote
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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je da preuzmu kontrolu i to na način koji je najbolji za njih.
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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Videla sam to, i osećala se veoma ponizno.
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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Još jedna zanimljiva stvar se desila dok sam bila tamo.
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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Nijednom niko nije tražio donaciju,
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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a to je bio moj način funkcionisanja.
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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Gde je siromaštvo, daju se pare za pomoć.
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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Niko mi nije tražio donaciju.
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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Ustvari, niko uopšte nije želeo da se osećam loše zbog njih.
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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Ako išta, želeli su da mogu da urade više onoga što su već radili
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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i da grade od svojih sposobnosti.
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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A s vremena na vreme sam čula
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
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da ljudi žele zajam -
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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mislila sam da to zvuči veoma uzbudljivo i razumno.
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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Usput, studirala sam filozofiju i poeziju, tako
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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da, kada sam otišla u Afriku, nisam znala razliku između dobiti i prihoda.
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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Samo sam imala utisak da će novac pomoći.
07:55
And my introduction to business
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Moje upoznavanje sa poslom
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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je bilo kroz te pozajmice od 100$.
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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Naučila sam i o dobitku i prihodu, o finansijskim polugama, o svakakvim stvarima,
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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od zemljoradnika, od švalja, od uzgajivača koza.
08:06
So this idea
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Ideja da ove nove
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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priče o poslu i o nadi
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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mogu da podelim sa prijateljima i porodicom,
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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i na taj način možda skupimo još novca koji im je potreban,
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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da bi nastavili sa svojim poslovima,
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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ta mala ideja se pretvorila u "Kivu".
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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Posle nekoliko meseci sam se vratila u Ugandu
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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sa digitalnim aparatom i osnovnim sajtom
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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koji smo moj partner, Metju i ja napravili,
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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i slikala sam sedmoro svojih novih prijatelja,
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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postavila njihove priče o preduzetništvu na sajt,
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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spamovala prijatelje i porodicu i rekla "Mislimo da je ovo legalno.
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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Još nismo saznali sve detalje od komisije za sigurnost,
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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ali da li želite da pomognete učestvujući u ovome,
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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da obezbedimo novac koji im je potreban?"
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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Novac je bukvalno preko noći stigao.
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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Poslali smo ga u Ugandu.
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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I u narednih šest meseci, desila se divna stvar;
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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preduzetnici su primili novac,
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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bili su plaćeni i njihovi poslovi su porasli,
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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i mogli su da se izdržavaju
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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i promene putanju svojih života.
09:01
In October of '05,
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U oktobru 2005.
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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pošto je tih prvih 7 zajmova otplaćeno,
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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Met i ja smo sa sajta skinuli reč "beta".
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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Rekli smo, "Naš mali eksperiment je uspeo.
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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Počnimo zapravo." To je bio naš zvanični početak.
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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I te prve godine, od oktobra 2005. do 2006.
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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kroz "Kivu" je prošlo 500.000$ zajmova.
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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Druge godine, ukupno 15 miliona.
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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Tokom treće godine, ukupno je bilo oko 40.
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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Četvrte godine malo je falilo do 100 miliona.
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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A danas, za manje od 5 godina,
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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"Kiva" je obezbedila
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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više od 150 miliona dolara, u komadima od 25 dolara,
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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od zajmodavaca i preduzetnika -
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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više od milion njih, u ukupno 200 zemalja.
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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Eto tu je "Kiva" danas, samo da vam predstavim stanje.
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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I dok su ti brojevi i statistika
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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stvarno zabavni za priču i veoma zanimljivi,
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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za mene se u "Kivi" radi o pričama.
09:46
It's about retelling
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Radi se o prepričavanju
09:48
the story of the poor,
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priče o siromašnima,
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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o davanju prilike sebi
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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da se uključimo,
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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čime uvažavamo njihovo dostojanstvo,
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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uvažavamo partnerski odnos,
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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a ne odnos koji je zasnovan
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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na tradicionalnoj neprijatnosti
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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donatora koja se može dogoditi.
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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Umesto toga, odnos koji može da promoviše
10:08
and hope
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poštovanje i nadu
10:10
and this optimism
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i optimizam
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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da zajedno možemo napredovati.
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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Nadam se da neće
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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samo novac prolaziti kroz "Kivu" -
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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to je veoma pozitivna i značajna stvar -
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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ali nadam se da "Kiva" može da pomuti granice
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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između tradicionalnih kategorija bogatih i siromašnih,
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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koje smo naučeni da vidimo u svetu,
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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ta dihotomija nas i njih, onih koji imaju i koji nemaju.
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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Nadam se da "Kiva" može da ublaži te granice.
10:32
Because as that happens,
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Jer, kako se to dešava,
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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mislim da možemo slobodno da se uključimo
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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na otvoreniji, pravedniji i kreativniji način,
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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da angažujemo jedni druge i da pomognemo jedni drugima.
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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Zamislite kako se osećate
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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kada vidite da neko na ulici prosi
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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i hoćete da mu priđete.
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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Zamislite kako se osećate.
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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A onda zamislite razliku kad biste videli nekog
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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ko ima priču preduzetnika i napornog rada,
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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ko želi da vam ispriča o svom poslu.
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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Možda se smeše i žele da vam ispričaju šta su uradili.
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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Zamislite da razgovarate s nekim
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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ko gaji nešto i to buja,
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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s nekim ko koristi svoje talente
11:10
to do something productive,
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da uradi nešto produktivno,
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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s nekim ko je izgradio svoj posao od nule,
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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nekim ko je okružen obiljem
11:17
not scarcity,
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a ne nemaštinom,
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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ko zapravo stvara obilje,
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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s nekim ko ima pune ruke nečega da ponudi,
11:24
not empty hands
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a ne prazne ruke
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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i moli vas da mu nešto date.
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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Zamislite da možete da čujete priču koju niste očekivali,
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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o nekome ko se svakog dana budi
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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i veoma, veoma naporno radi da poboljša svoj život.
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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Te priče mogu stvarno da promene način na koji mislimo jedni o drugima.
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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I ako možemo da stvorimo
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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podržavajuće društvo oko ovih pojedinaca
11:44
and to participate in their story
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i da učestvujemo u njihovim pričama
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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time što ćemo im pozajmiti nešto novca,
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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mislim da to može promeniti način na koji verujemo jedni u
11:50
and each other's potential.
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druge i u međusobni potencijal.
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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Za mene, "Kiva" je tek početak.
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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I dok gledam šta sledi,
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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lepo je videti šta sam do sada naučila.
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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Prvo, kao što sam rekla, preduzetništvo je za mene bilo nova ideja.
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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"Kivini" dužnici, koje sam intervjuisala i upoznala poslednjih godina,
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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su me naučili šta je preduzetništvo.
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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Mislim da je to, u srži, odluka da želite da vam život bude bolji.
12:10
You see an opportunity
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Vidite priliku i odlučite
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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šta ćete uraditi da pokušate da je ugrabite.
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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Ukratko, to je odluka da sutrašnjica može biti bolja
12:16
and going after that.
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danas i rad na tome.
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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Sledeće što sam naučila je da su zajmovi zanimljiv alat povezivanja.
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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Oni nisu donacija.
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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Dobro, možda ne zvuče drugačije.
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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Ustvari, kada nekome nešto date
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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i oni kažu "hvala" i obaveste vas kako stvari idu,
12:29
that's one thing.
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to je jedno.
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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Kada pozajmite novac i oni vam polako vremenom vraćaju,
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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imate izgovor za stalan dijalog.
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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Ta neprekidna pažnja, koja traje,
12:38
is a really big deal
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je veoma značajna za
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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izgradnju različitih veza među nama.
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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I treće, što sam čula od preduzetnika koje sam upoznala,
12:46
when all else is equal,
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kada je sve ostalo jednako,
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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ako imate samo novac da uradite ono što želite
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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ili novac i podršku i ohrabrenje
12:54
of a global community,
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globalne zajednice,
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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ljudi biraju zajednicu i novac.
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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To ima mnogo više smisla, mnogo je moćnija kombinacija.
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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Sa tim na umu, jedan događaj
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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je doveo do onoga na čemu trenutno radim.
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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Sad kada sam u ovome, svuda viđam preduzetnike.
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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A vidim i da u svetu
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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već postoje mnoga društva koja su podržavajuća.
13:12
With social networks,
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Društvene mreže su
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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neverovatne i čine da brzo raste broj ljudi u
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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zajednicama koje pružaju podršku.
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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I tako razmišljam o tome
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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i pitam se: kako možemo angažovati te zajednice
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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da iznedre još preduzetničkih ideja
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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i da nas podstaknu
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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da sutrašnjicu načinimo boljom danas?
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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Istraživala sam šta se dešava u Americi
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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i otkrila sam nekoliko zanimljivih stvari.
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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Naravno, kao što očekujemo, jedna je ta
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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da je mnogim malim preduzetnicima u Americi i širom sveta
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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i dalje potrebno novca da se razvijaju i rade više,
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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ili im je potreban novac tokom teškog perioda.
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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Ali postoji potreba za sredstvima u blizini.
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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Još nešto, ispostavlja se
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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da ta sredstva obično ne dolaze sa mesta koja očekujete -
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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iz banaka, preduzetničkih kapitalista,
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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drugih organizacija i struktura -
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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dolaze od prijatelja i porodice.
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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Neke statistike pokazuju da 85% ili više sredstava za mala preduzeća
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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dolazi od porodice i prijatelja.
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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To je oko 130 milijardi dolara godišnje.
14:06
it's a lot.
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To je mnogo.
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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I treće, kad prijatelji i porodica prikupljaju novac,
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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veoma je nezgodno, ljudi ne znaju tačno šta da traže,
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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kako da pitaju, šta da obećaju za uzvrat,
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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čak i kad imaju najbolje namere
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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i žele da se zahvale ljudima koji ih podržavaju.
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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Da bismo usmerili moć ovih podržavajućih društava na nov način
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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i dozvolili preduzetnicima da sami odlučuju
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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kako će tačno izgledati finansijska razmena,
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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šta tačno odgovara njima i ljudima oko njih,
14:30
this week actually,
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ove nedelje tiho
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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lansiramo "Profounder", a to je
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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platforma preko koje mala preduzeća mogu da skupe sredstva
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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putem investicija njihovih prijatelja i porodice.
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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To su investicije, ne donacije ili zajmovi,
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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investicije koje imaju dinamičan povrat.
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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Taj novac učestvuje u priči,
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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kreće se sa usponima i padovima.
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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Ukratko, to je "uradi sam" sredstvo
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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za prikupljanje fondova za mala preduzeća.
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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Možete da odete na sajt, napravite profil,
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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i veoma lako napravite uslove za investiciju.
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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Napravili smo veoma, veoma lako, za mene
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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i za bilo koga ko želi da koristi sajt.
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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Dozvoljavamo preduzetnicima da dele procenat svoj dobitka.
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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Mogu da skupe do milion dolara
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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od neograničenog broja neobučenih, nestručnih investitora -
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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svakodnevnih ljudi, zaboga -
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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i mogu da podele dobitak tokom vremena -
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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opet, po sopstvenim uslovima.
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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Pošto investitori biraju da se uključe
15:16
based on those terms,
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pod tim uslovima,
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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mogu da biraju da uzmu nazad novac
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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ili da unapred odluče
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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da ga doniraju neprofitnom sektoru.
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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Tako mogu biti investitori za novac ili dobru stvar.
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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Nadam se da ovo može bilo kome sa idejom pokazati
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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put kojim mogu ići da bi radili ono što žele
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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i da oko sebe okupe ljude koje već imaju,
15:34
the people that know them best
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ljude koji ih najbolje poznaju
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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i vole i žele da ih podrže,
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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da ih okupe da bi uspeli.
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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Dakle na tome sada radim.
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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I za kraj, pogledajte to je taj alat.
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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Trenutno je "Profounder" na samom početku,
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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veoma je očigledan, jasan, to je sredstvo, samo alat.
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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Potrebno je da je ljudima stalo, da ga koriste,
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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kao što im je bilo stalo da koriste "Kivu"
15:54
to make those connections.
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i stvore te veze.
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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Ali dobra vest je što mislim da ne moram da stojim ovde i ubeđujem vas.
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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Neću ni pokušavati.
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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Ne mislim, iako često čujemo
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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znate, etičke i moralne razloge,
16:04
the religious reasons,
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religiozne razloge,
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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"Eto kako vas davanje može učiniti srećnima".
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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Mislim da nas ne treba ubeđivati u to. Mislim da znamo.
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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Zapravo, mislim da toliko znamo,
16:14
and it's such a reality
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to je toliko stvarno
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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da nam je duboko stalo,
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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da je ustvari ono što nas sputava
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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naš strah da pokušamo i upropastimo sve,
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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jer nam je mnogo stalo da pomognemo
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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i da značimo jedni drugima.
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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Mislim da je najbolja
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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stvar koju danas mogu da vam dam -
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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dala sam vam svoju priču, to je najbolje što mogu.
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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Mogu da nas podsetim da nam je stalo.
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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Mislim da svi to već znamo.
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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Mislim da je ljubav dovoljno jaka
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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da se upustimo i probamo.
16:45
Just a sec.
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Samo sekund.
16:51
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
16:53
Thanks.
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Hvala.
16:55
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
17:05
Thanks.
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Hvala.
17:07
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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Za mene je najbolja inspiracija za pokušaj
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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zaustaviti se i poslušati
17:14
to someone else's story.
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nečiju priču.
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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I zahvalna sam što mogu to da uradim na TED-u.
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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I zahvalna sam jer gde god da to uradim
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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garantovano ću biti inspirisana,
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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inspiriše me osoba koju slušam.
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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I svaki put kad slušam, sve više verujem
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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u potencijal te osobe da uradi velike stvari u svetu
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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i u svoj potencijal da možda pomognem.
17:36
And that --
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A to - zaboravite
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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na alate, zaboravite na protok sredstava -
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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to je lako.
17:42
Believing in each other,
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Verovanje jednih u druge,
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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sigurnost kad je najteže da
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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svako od nas može učiniti velike stvari u svetu,
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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to naše priče puni ljubavlju
17:52
and our collective story
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i našu zajedničku priču čini
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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onom koja neprestano podstiče nadu
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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i dobre stvari za sve nas.
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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Mislim da vera u ljude,
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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bespogovorna svest o tome
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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i praktikovanje toga u svakodnevnom životu,
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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mogu promeniti svet i učiniti sutrašnjicu boljom danas.
18:07
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
18:09
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Jackley - MicrolenderJessica Jackley is the co-founder of Kiva.org, an online community that helps individuals loan small amounts of money, called microloans, to entrepreneurs throughout the world.
Why you should listen
Seven years ago, Jessica Jackley heard a speech by Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus, an economist from Bangladesh who had developed the idea of microcredit: loans offered to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. She says, "I was so completely blown away by the idea that I quit my job, dropped everything and moved to East Africa to help." In late 2005 she co-founded Kiva.org with Matt Flannery.
Kiva uses a peer-to-peer model in which lenders sort through profiles of potential borrowers -- be they a farmer in Cambodia, a pharmacist in Sierra Leone, or a shopkeeper in Mongolia -- and make loans to those they find most appealing. The minimum loan is $25, and the interest rate is 0%. The repayment rate for loans is more than 98%, Jackley says, and since the group was founded almost 700,000 people have pledged $128 million in loans to more than 325,000 people. Jackley's latest project is ProFounder, a new platform that helps small businesses in the United States access startup funding through community investing.
Jessica Jackley | Speaker | TED.com