TEDxBoston 2011
Dyan deNapoli: The great penguin rescue
Dyan deNapoli: Den store pingvinredning
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En personlig fortælling, en kollektiv triumf: Dyan deNapoli fortæller historien om verdens største frivillige dyreredning, som reddede mere end 40.000 pingviner efter et oliespild udfor kysten af Sydafrika. Hvordan bliver et så stort job udført? Pingvin efter pingvin efter pingvin...
Dyan deNapoli - Penguin expert
Call her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds. Full bio
Call her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
For as long as I can remember,
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Så længe som jeg kan huske
00:18
I have felt a very deep connection
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Har jeg følt en meget dyb forbindelse
00:20
to animals and to the ocean.
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til dyr og til havet,
00:22
And at this age,
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og i den her alder,
00:24
my personal idol
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var mit personlige idol
00:26
was Flipper the dolphin.
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delfinen Flipper.
00:28
And when I first learned about endangered species,
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Og da jeg første gang lærte om truede dyrearter,
00:31
I was truly distressed to know
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var jeg fortvivlet over at lære
00:34
that every day animals were being wiped off the face of this Earth forever.
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at hver dag blev dyr udslettet fra jordens overflade for evigt,
00:38
And I wanted to do something to help,
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og jeg ville gøre noget for at hjælpe,
00:40
but I always wondered,
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men jeg undrede mig altid over:
00:42
what could one person possibly do to make a difference?
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hvad kunne en person gøre for at gøre en forskel?
00:45
And it would be 30 years,
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og der ville gå 30 år,
00:47
but I would eventually get the answer to that question.
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men til sidst ville jeg få svaret på spørgsmålet,
00:51
When these heartbreaking images of oiled birds
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da disse hjerteskærende billeder af fugle indsmurte i olie
00:54
finally began to emerge from the Gulf of Mexico last year
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endeligt begyndte at komme frem fra den Mexicanske Golf sidste år,
00:57
during the horrific BP oil spill,
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under det frygtelige BP oiliespild,
00:59
a German biologist by the name of Silvia Gaus
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blev en tysk biolog ved navn Silvia Gaus
01:01
was quoted as saying,
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citeret for at sige:
01:03
"We should just euthanize all oiled birds
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"Vi bør aflive alle olieindsmurte fugle
01:06
because studies have shown
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for studier har vist
01:08
that fewer than one percent of them
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at mindre end en procent af dem
01:10
survive after being released."
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overlever efter at være blevet sluppet fri."
01:12
And I could not disagree more.
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Og jeg kunne ikke være mere uenig,
01:15
And in addition, I believe that every oiled animal
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og oveni det, tror jeg på at ethvert olieindsmurt dyr
01:18
deserves a second chance at life.
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fortjener endnu en chance i livet.
01:20
And I want to tell you
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Og jeg vil fortælle jer
01:22
why I feel so strongly about this.
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hvorfor jeg føler så stærkt for det her.
01:24
On June 23rd, 2000,
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Den 23. juni, 2000,
01:26
a ship named the Treasure
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sank et skib ved navn Treasure
01:28
sank off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa,
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udfor kysten af Capetown, Sydafrika,
01:30
spilling 1,300 tons of fuel,
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og spildte 1.300 ton brændstof,
01:32
which polluted the habitats
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som forurenede levestederne
01:34
of nearly half the entire world population
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for næsten halvdelen af alle verdens
01:37
of African penguins.
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afrikanske pingviner.
01:40
Now the ship sank between Robben Island to the south
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Skibet sank imellem Robben Island imod syd
01:43
and Dassen Island to the north.
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og Dassen Island imod nord,
01:45
And these are two of the penguins' main breeding islands.
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og disse øer er to af pingvinernes vigtigste ynglepladser.
01:48
And exactly six years and three days earlier,
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Præcist seks år og tre dage tidligere
01:51
on June 20th, 1994,
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den 20. juni, 1994
01:54
a ship named the Apollo Sea sank near Dassen Island,
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Sank et skib ved navn Apollo Sea nær Dassen Island,
01:57
oiling 10,000 penguins --
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og indsmurte 10.000 pingviner i olie --
01:59
half of which died.
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hvoraf halvdelen døde.
02:02
Now when the Treasure sank in 2000,
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Da Treasure sank i 2000,
02:04
it was the height of the best breeding season
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var det på højdepunket af den bedste ynglesæson
02:07
scientists had ever recorded for the African penguin --
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forskere nogensinde havde registreret for den afrikanske pingvin --
02:10
which at the time, was listed as a threatened species.
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som på det tidspunkt var listet som en truet dyreart.
02:13
And soon, nearly 20,000 penguins
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Snart var næsten 20.000 pingviner
02:16
were covered with this toxic oil.
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dækket i denne giftige olie,
02:19
And the local seabird rescue center, named SANCCOB,
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og det lokale havfugle redningscenter ved navn SANCCOB,
02:22
immediately launched a massive rescue operation --
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søsatte med det samme en massiv redningsoperation --
02:25
and this soon would become
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og dette ville hurtigt blive
02:27
the largest animal rescue ever undertaken.
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den største dyreredning nogensinde igangsat.
02:30
Now at the time, I was working down the street.
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Dengang arbejdede jeg længere nede af gaden her,
02:32
I was a penguin aquarist at the New England Aquarium.
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jeg var en pingvinpasser hos New England Aquarium,
02:35
And exactly 11 years ago yesterday,
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og for præcist 11 år siden i går,
02:39
the phone rang in the penguin office.
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ringede telefonen i pingvinkontoret.
02:41
And with that call, my life would change forever.
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Med det opkald ville mit liv blive forandret,
02:44
It was Estelle van der Meer calling from SANCCOB,
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Det var Estelle van der Meer der ringede fra SANCCOB,
02:47
saying, "Please come help.
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og sagde "Kom og hjælp os.
02:49
We have thousands of oiled penguins
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Vi har tusinder af olieindsmurte pingviner
02:51
and thousands of willing,
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og tusinder af villige,
02:53
but completely inexperienced, volunteers.
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men fuldstændigt uerfarne, frivillige,
02:57
And we need penguin experts to come train and supervise them."
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og vi har brug for pingvin eksperter til at komme og træne og føre opsyn med dem."
03:00
So two days later,
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Så to dage senere,
03:02
I was on a plane headed for Cape Town
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var jeg på et fly på vej imod Capetown,
03:04
with a team of penguin specialists.
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med et hold af pingvin specialister,
03:07
And the scene inside of this building
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og scenen inde i denne bygning
03:09
was devastating and surreal.
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var knusende og uvirkelig.
03:12
In fact, many people compared it to a war zone.
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Faktisk sammenlignede mange folk det med en krigszone,
03:15
And last week, a 10 year-old girl asked me,
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og sidste uge, spurgte en 10-årig pige mig:
03:18
"What did it feel like
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"Hvordan føltes det
03:20
when you first walked into that building
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da du første gang gik ind i den bygning
03:22
and saw so many oiled penguins?"
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og så de mange olieindsmurte pingviner?"
03:26
And this is what happened.
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og det her er hvad der skete.
03:28
I was instantly transported
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Jeg var øjeblikkeligt transporteret
03:30
back to that moment in time.
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tilbage til dét tidspunkt,
03:32
Penguins are very vocal birds
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Pingviner er meget snakkende fugle
03:34
and really, really noisy.
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og virkeligt, virkeligt larmende.
03:36
And so I expected to walk into this building
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Så jeg forventede at gå ind i den her bygning
03:39
and be met with this cacophony
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og blive mødt af en mur
03:41
of honking and braying and squawking,
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af hylen, brægen og skræppen
03:43
but instead,
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men i stedet,
03:45
when we stepped through those doors and into the building,
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da vi trådte igennem de døre og ind i bygningen,
03:48
it was eerily silent.
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var det uhyggeligt stille.
03:52
So it was very clear
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Så det stod meget klart
03:54
these were stressed, sick, traumatized birds.
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at dette var stressede, syge og traumatiserede fugle.
03:57
The other thing that was so striking
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En anden ting der var slående
04:00
was the sheer number of volunteers.
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var det store antal frivillige
04:02
Up to 1,000 people a day
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op til 1.000 personer om dagen
04:04
came to the rescue center,
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kom der til redningscentret.
04:06
and eventually, over the course of this rescue,
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og over tid, igennem denne redning,
04:09
more than 12 and a half thousand volunteers
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kom der mere end tolv et halvt tusinde frivillige
04:12
came from all over the world to Cape Town
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fra hele verden til Capetown
04:14
to help save these birds.
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for at redde disse fugle.
04:16
And the amazing thing
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og den fantastiske ting
04:18
was that not one of them had to be there --
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var at ikke en af dem var nødt til at være der --
04:20
yet they were.
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men der var de.
04:22
So for the few of us that were there in a professional capacity,
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Så for de få af os der var der som professionelle,
04:25
this extraordinary volunteer response
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var denne ekstraordinære frivillige respons
04:27
to this animal crisis
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på denne dyrekrise
04:29
was profoundly moving and awe-inspiring.
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dybt bevægende og ærefrygtindgydende.
04:32
So the day after we arrived,
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Dagen efter vi ankom,
04:34
two of us from the aquarium were put in charge of room two,
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blev to af os fra akvariet sat til at lede rum to
04:37
and room two had more than 4,000 oiled penguins in it.
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og i rum to var der mere end 4.000 olieindsmurte pingviner.
04:41
Now mind you, three days earlier,
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Husk nu på at tre dage tidligere,
04:43
we had 60 penguins under our care,
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havde vi 60 pingviner at tage os af.
04:45
so we were definitely overwhelmed
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Så vi var afgjort overvældede,
04:47
and just a bit terrified -- at least I was.
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og bare en smule skræmte -- eller jeg var i hvert falde.
04:50
Personally, I really didn't know
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Personligt vidste jeg ikke rigtigt
04:52
if I was capable of handling
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om jeg var i stand til at håndtere
04:54
such a monstrous task.
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en så gigantisk opgave,
04:56
And collectively,
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og kollektivt
04:58
we really didn't know if we could pull this off.
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vidste vi ikke rigtigt om vi kunne klare det.
05:01
Because we all knew
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For alle vidste
05:03
that just six years earlier,
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at blot seks år tidligere,
05:05
half as many penguins had been oiled and rescued
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var halvt så mange pingviner blevet olieindsmurt og reddet
05:07
and only half of them had survived.
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og kun halvdelen af dem havde overlevet.
05:10
So would it be humanly possible
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Så ville det være muligt
05:12
to save this many oiled penguins?
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at redde så mange olieindsmurte pingviner?
05:14
We just did not know.
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Det vidste vi simpelthen bare ikke
05:16
But what gave us hope
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men det der gav os håb
05:18
were these incredibly dedicated and brave volunteers --
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var at disse utroligt dedikerede og modige frivillige --
05:22
three of whom here are force-feeding penguins.
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Tre af dem ses her imens de tvangsfodrer pingviner.
05:25
And you may notice they're wearing very thick gloves.
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I bemærker måske at de har meget tykke handsker på.
05:27
And what you should know about African penguins
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En ting i skal vide om afrikanske pingviner
05:30
is that they have razor-sharp beaks.
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er at de har næb der er skarpe som barberblade
05:32
And before long,
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og inden længe,
05:34
our bodies were covered head to toe
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var vores kroppe dækket fra top til tå
05:36
with these nasty wounds
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med disse grimme sår,
05:38
inflicted by the terrified penguins.
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påført af de skrækslagne pingviner.
05:40
Now the day after we arrived,
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Dagen efter vi ankom
05:42
a new crisis began to unfold.
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begyndte en ny krise at udvikle sig,
05:44
The oil slick was now moving north towards Dassen Island,
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oliespildet bevægede sig nu mod nord imod Dassen Island,
05:48
and the rescuers despaired,
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og redderne var fortvivlede,
05:50
because they knew if the oil hit,
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for de vidste at hvis olien ramte,
05:52
it would not be possible to rescue any more oiled birds.
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ville det ikke være muligt at redde flere olieindsmurte fugle,
05:55
And there really were no good solutions.
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og der var virkeligt ikke nogen gode løsninger
05:57
But then finally,
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men til sidst,
05:59
one of the researchers threw out this crazy idea.
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kom en af forskerne med en skør ide.
06:01
He said, "Okay, why don't we try and collect
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Han sagde "Okay, hvorfor prøver vi ikke at samle
06:04
the birds at the greatest risk of getting oiled" --
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de fugle der har størst risiko for at blive smurt ind i olie" --
06:06
they collected 20,000 --
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de samlede 20.000 --
06:08
"and we'll ship them 500 miles up the coast
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"og så fragter vi dem 800 km op af kysten
06:12
to Port Elizabeth in these open air trucks
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til Port Elizabeth i åbne lastbiler
06:14
and release them into the clean waters there
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og sætter dem fri i det rene vand der
06:16
and let them swim back home."
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og lader dem svømme hjem igen."
06:19
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
06:23
So three of those penguins -- Peter, Pamela and Percy --
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Så tre af de pingviner -- Peter, Pamela og Percy --
06:25
wore satellite tags,
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bar satellitsendere,
06:27
and the researchers crossed their fingers and hoped
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og forskerne krydsede deres fingre og håbede
06:29
that by the time they got back home,
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at når pingvinerne nåede hjem igen,
06:31
the oil would be cleaned up from their islands.
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ville olien være renset fra deres ø.
06:33
And luckily, the day they arrived,
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og heldigvis, på dagen hvor de ankom,
06:35
it was.
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var den væk.
06:37
So it had been a huge gamble, but it had paid off.
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Så det havde været et enormt sats, men det havde betalt sig,
06:40
And so they know now
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og så ved de nu
06:42
that they can use this strategy
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at de kan bruge denne strategi
06:44
in future oil spills.
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i fremtidige oliespild.
06:46
So in wildlife rescue, as in life,
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Så i redning af vilde dyr, som i livet,
06:49
we learn from each previous experience,
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lærer vi fra tidligere erfaringer,
06:51
and we learn from both our successes
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og vi lærer både fra vores succeser
06:53
and our failures.
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og vores nederlag.
06:55
And the main thing learned
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Den primære lære
06:57
during the Apollo Sea rescue in '94
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under Apollo Sea redningen i '94
07:00
was that most of those penguins had died
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var at de fleste af pingvinerne døde
07:02
due to the unwitting use
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på grund af den intetanende brug
07:04
of poorly ventilated
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af dårligt ventilerede
07:06
transport boxes and trucks --
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transportkasser og biler --
07:08
because they just had not been prepared
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fordi de simpelthen bare ikke havde været forberedte på
07:10
to deal with so many oiled penguins at once.
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at håndtere så mange olieindsmurte pingviner på en gang.
07:12
So in these six years between these two oil spills,
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Så i de seks år imellem de to oliespild,
07:15
they built thousands of these well-ventilated boxes,
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byggede de tusinder af disse velventilerede kasser,
07:18
and as a result, during the Treasure rescue,
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og som resultat, under Treasure redningen,
07:21
just 160 penguins died
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døde der kun 160 pingviner
07:24
during the transport process,
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under transport processen,
07:26
as opposed to 5,000.
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i modsætning til 5.000.
07:28
So this alone was a huge victory.
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Dette alene var en stor sejr.
07:30
Something else learned during the Apollo rescue
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Noget andet lært under Apollo redningen
07:32
was how to train the penguins
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var hvordan man træner pingvinerne
07:34
to take fish freely from their hands,
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til at tage fisk direkte fra hænderne,
07:37
using these training boxes.
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ved hjælp af disse træningsbokse,
07:39
And we used this technique again
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og vi brugte denne teknik igen
07:41
during the Treasure rescue.
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under Treasure redningen.
07:43
But an interesting thing was noted
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Men en interessant ting blev bemærket
07:45
during the training process.
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under træningsprocessen,
07:47
The first penguins
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de første pingviner
07:49
to make that transition to free feeding
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til at gå over til den frie fodring,
07:51
were the ones that had a metal band on their wing
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var dem der havde et metalbånd på deres vinge
07:54
from the Apollo Sea spill six years earlier.
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fra Apollo Sea spildet seks år tidligere.
07:57
So penguins learn
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Så pingviner lærer
07:59
from previous experience, too.
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også fra tidligere erfaringer.
08:01
So all of those penguins
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Så alle de pingviner
08:03
had to have the oil meticulously cleaned from their bodies.
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skulle have deres kroppe omhyggeligt renset for olie,
08:06
And it would take two people at least an hour
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og det ville tage to folk mindst en time,
08:09
just to clean one penguin.
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bare at rense en pingvin,
08:11
And when you clean a penguin,
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og når du renser en pingvin
08:13
you first have to spray it with a degreaser.
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skal du først sprøjte den med en affedter,
08:15
And this brings me to my favorite story
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og dette bringer mig til min yndlings historie
08:17
from the Treasure rescue.
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fra Treasure redningen.
08:19
About a year prior to this oil spill,
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Omkring et år før oliespildet,
08:21
a 17 year-old student
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havde en 17 årig studerende
08:23
had invented a degreaser.
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opfundet en affedter,
08:25
And they'd been using it at SANCCOB with great success,
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og de havde brugt den hos SANCCOB med stor succes,
08:28
so they began using it during the Treasure rescue.
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så de begyndte at bruge den under Treasure redningen
08:31
But part way through, they ran out.
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men et stykke inde løb de tør,
08:34
So in a panic, Estelle from SANCCOB called the student
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så i panik ringede Estelle fra SANCCOB til den studerende
08:37
and said, "Please, you have to make more."
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og sagde "Du bliver nødt til at lave mere."
08:39
So he raced to the lab
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Så han skyndte sig til laboratoriet
08:41
and made enough to clean the rest of the birds.
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og lavede nok til at rense resten af fuglene.
08:44
So I just think it is the coolest thing
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Jeg synes bare at det er det sejeste
08:46
that a teenager
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at en teenager
08:48
invented a product
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opfandt et produkt
08:50
that helped save the lives
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der hjalp med at redde livene
08:52
of thousands of animals.
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for tusinder af dyr.
08:54
So what happened to those 20,000 oiled penguins?
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Så hvad skete der med de 20.000 olieindsmurte pingviner?
08:57
And was Silvia Gaus right?
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Og havde Silvia Gaus ret?
08:59
Should we routinely euthanize
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Burde vi rutinemæssigt aflive
09:01
all oiled birds
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alle olieindsmurte fugle
09:03
because most of them are going to die anyway?
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fordi de fleste ville dø alligevel?
09:05
Well she could not be more wrong.
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Hun kunne ikke have taget mere fejl,
09:08
After half a million hours
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efter en halv million timer
09:10
of grueling volunteer labor,
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hårdt frivilligt arbejde,
09:13
more than 90 percent of those oiled penguins
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blev mere end 90 procent af de olieindsmurte pingviner
09:15
were successfully returned to the wild.
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succesfuldt sat fri igen,
09:18
And we know from follow-up studies
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og vi ved fra opfølgende studier
09:20
that they have lived just as long
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at de har levet ligeså længe
09:22
as never-oiled penguins,
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som pingviner der aldrig har været indsmurte,
09:24
and bred nearly as successfully.
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og forplantede sig næsten ligeså succesfuld.
09:27
And in addition, about 3,000 penguin chicks
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udover det, blev omkring 3.000 pingvinunger
09:30
were rescued and hand-raised.
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reddet og håndfodret,
09:32
And again, we know from long-term monitoring
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og igen ved vi fra langtidsstudier
09:35
that more of these hand-raised chicks
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at flere af disse håndfodrede unger
09:38
survive to adulthood and breeding age
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overlever til modenhed
09:40
than do parent-raised chicks.
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end forældre-opfostrede unger.
09:42
So, armed with this knowledge,
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Så med denne viden
09:44
SANCCOB has a chick-bolstering project.
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har SANCCOB et projekt til at styrke ungerne,
09:46
And every year they rescue and raise abandoned chicks,
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og hvert år redder og opfostrer de forladte unger
09:49
and they have a very impressive
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og de har en meget imponerende
09:51
80 percent success rate.
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succesrate på 80 procent.
09:54
And this is critically important
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Dette er meget vigtigt
09:56
because, one year ago,
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for for et år siden
09:58
the African penguin was declared endangered.
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blev den afrikanske pingvin erklæret udrydningstruet.
10:01
And they could be extinct
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og de kan være uddøde
10:03
in less than 10 years,
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om mindre end 10 år,
10:05
if we don't do something now to protect them.
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hvis vi ikke gøre noget nu for at beskytte dem.
10:08
So what did I learn
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Så hvad lærte vi
10:10
from this intense and unforgettable experience?
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fra denne intense og uforglemmelige oplevelse?
10:13
Personally, I learned
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Personligt lærte jeg
10:15
that I am capable of handling so much more than I ever dreamed possible.
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at jeg er i stand til at håndtere meget mere end jeg nogensinde havde drømt om,
10:18
And I learned that one person
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og jeg lærte at en person
10:20
can make a huge difference.
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kan gøre en kæmpestor forskel.
10:22
Just look at that 17 year-old.
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Bare se på den 17-årige.
10:24
And when we come together
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Og når vi finder sammen
10:26
and work as one,
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og arbejder sammen,
10:28
we can achieve extraordinary things.
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kan vi opnå utrolige ting.
10:30
And truly, to be a part of something
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Og det at være en del af noget
10:32
so much larger than yourself
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så meget større end en selv
10:34
is the most rewarding experience
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er den mest belønnende oplevelse
10:36
you can possibly have.
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du overhovedet kan have.
10:39
So I'd like to leave you with one final thought
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Så jeg vil gerne efterlade jer med en sidste tanke,
10:41
and a challenge, if you will.
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og en udfordring, hvis i tillader det.
10:43
My mission as the penguin lady
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Min mission som pingvindamen
10:45
is to raise awareness and funding
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er at skabe opmærksomhed om og midler til
10:47
to protect penguins,
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-at beskytte pingviner.
10:49
but why should any of you care about penguins?
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Men hvorfor skulle nogen af os bekymre sig om pingviner?
10:52
Well, you should care
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I skulle bekymre jer
10:54
because they're an indicator species.
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fordi de er en indikator art,
10:56
And simply put, if penguins are dying,
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og simpelt sagt, hvis pingvinerne er døende,
10:58
it means our oceans are dying,
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betyder det at vores have er døende,
11:01
and we ultimately will be affected,
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og ultimativ vil vi blive ramt,
11:03
because, as Sylvia Earle says,
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for som Sylvia Earle siger:
11:05
"The oceans are our life-support system."
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"Havene er vores livsgivende system."
11:08
And the two main threats to penguins today
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og de to hovedtrusler til pingviner i dag
11:10
are overfishing and global warming.
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er overfiskning og global opvarmning,
11:12
And these are two things
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og dette er to ting
11:14
that each one of us
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som hver enkelt af os
11:16
actually has the power to do something about.
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faktisk har magten til at gøre noget ved.
11:18
So if we each do our part,
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Så hvis hver af os gør vores del
11:20
together, we can make a difference,
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kan vi sammen gøre en forskel,
11:23
and we can help keep penguins from going extinct.
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og vi kan hjælpe med til at pingvinerne ikke uddør
11:26
Humans have always been the greatest threat to penguins,
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mennesker har altid været den største trussel for pingviner,
11:29
but we are now their only hope.
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men nu er vi deres eneste håb.
11:31
Thank you.
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Mange tak
11:33
(Applause)
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(Klapsalver)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dyan deNapoli - Penguin expertCall her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds.
Why you should listen
While she was the Senior Penguin Aquarist at the New England Aquarium, Dyan deNapoli hand-raised dozens of penguin chicks, presented daily programs about penguins to aquarium visitors, and traveled the globe to work with penguin researchers in the field.
Now, as head of her own educational company, she frequently writes on penguin topics and has served as the onboard penguin expert and guest lecturer on cruise ships visiting the Galapagos Islands and Antarctica. She estimates she has taught about 250,000 people in the US and abroad about penguins.
Dyan deNapoli | Speaker | TED.com