TEDxBoston 2011
Dyan deNapoli: The great penguin rescue
Dyan deNapoli: Veliko spašavanje pingvina
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Osobna priča, kolektivni trijumf: Dyan deNapoli priča o najvećem volonterskom spašavanju životinja na svijetu kojim je spašeno više od 40.000 pingvina nakon izljeva nafte u blizini južnoafričke obale. Kako je moguće obaviti ovako golem posao? Pomažući jednom po jednom pingvinu...
Dyan deNapoli - Penguin expert
Call her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds. Full bio
Call her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
For as long as I can remember,
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Otkada znam za sebe
00:18
I have felt a very deep connection
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osjećam duboku povezanost
00:20
to animals and to the ocean.
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sa životinjama i oceanom.
00:22
And at this age,
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U ovoj dobi,
00:24
my personal idol
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moj osobni idol
00:26
was Flipper the dolphin.
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bio je dupin Flipper.
00:28
And when I first learned about endangered species,
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Kada sam prvi put čula za ugrožene vrste
00:31
I was truly distressed to know
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uistinu me potresla spoznaja
00:34
that every day animals were being wiped off the face of this Earth forever.
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da životinje svakim danom zauvijek nestaju s lica Zemlje.
00:38
And I wanted to do something to help,
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Željela sam nekako pomoći,
00:40
but I always wondered,
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no uvijek sam se pitala
00:42
what could one person possibly do to make a difference?
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što bi to jedna osoba mogla učiniti da nešto promijeni?
00:45
And it would be 30 years,
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Proći će 30 godina,
00:47
but I would eventually get the answer to that question.
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no na kraju ću dobiti odgovor na to pitanje.
00:51
When these heartbreaking images of oiled birds
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Kada su se dirljive slike ptica prekrivenih naftom
00:54
finally began to emerge from the Gulf of Mexico last year
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u Meksičkom zaljevu počele pojavljivati prošle godine
00:57
during the horrific BP oil spill,
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tijekom strašnog izljeva nafte BP-a,
00:59
a German biologist by the name of Silvia Gaus
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njemačka biologinja Silvia Gaus
01:01
was quoted as saying,
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izjavila je:
01:03
"We should just euthanize all oiled birds
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"Trebali bismo eutanizirati sve ptice prekrivene naftom
01:06
because studies have shown
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jer istraživanja su pokazala
01:08
that fewer than one percent of them
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da manje od jedan posto njih
01:10
survive after being released."
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preživi nakon što ih pustimo".
01:12
And I could not disagree more.
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Nikako to nisam mogla prihvatiti.
01:15
And in addition, I believe that every oiled animal
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Osim toga, vjerujem da svaka životinja prekrivena naftom
01:18
deserves a second chance at life.
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zaslužuje drugu priliku za život.
01:20
And I want to tell you
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Želim podijeliti s vama
01:22
why I feel so strongly about this.
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zašto mi je toliko stalo do toga.
01:24
On June 23rd, 2000,
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23. lipnja 2000.
01:26
a ship named the Treasure
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brod po imenu Treasure
01:28
sank off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa,
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potonuo je u blizini obale Capetowna u JAR-u
01:30
spilling 1,300 tons of fuel,
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i prolio 1.300 tona goriva
01:32
which polluted the habitats
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koje je onečistilo staništa
01:34
of nearly half the entire world population
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gotovo polovice svjetske populacije
01:37
of African penguins.
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afričkih pingvina.
01:40
Now the ship sank between Robben Island to the south
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Zatim je potonuo brod između otoka Robben na jugu
01:43
and Dassen Island to the north.
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i otoka Dassen na sjeveru.
01:45
And these are two of the penguins' main breeding islands.
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Radi se o dva najvažnija otoka za parenje pingvina.
01:48
And exactly six years and three days earlier,
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Točno šest godina i tri dana ranije,
01:51
on June 20th, 1994,
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20. lipnja 1994.,
01:54
a ship named the Apollo Sea sank near Dassen Island,
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brod po nazivu Appollo Sea potonuo je blizu otoka Dassen
01:57
oiling 10,000 penguins --
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i naftom prekrio 10.000 pingvina --
01:59
half of which died.
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a pola ih je uginulo.
02:02
Now when the Treasure sank in 2000,
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Treasure je 2000. potonuo
02:04
it was the height of the best breeding season
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na vrhuncu najbolje sezone parenja
02:07
scientists had ever recorded for the African penguin --
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koju su znanstvenici ikada zabilježili za afričke pingvine --
02:10
which at the time, was listed as a threatened species.
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koji su tada bili na popisu gotovo ugroženih vrsta.
02:13
And soon, nearly 20,000 penguins
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Ubrzo je gotovo 20.000 pingvina
02:16
were covered with this toxic oil.
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bilo prekriveno otrovnom naftom.
02:19
And the local seabird rescue center, named SANCCOB,
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Lokalni centar za spašavanje morskih ptica SANCCOB
02:22
immediately launched a massive rescue operation --
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odmah je pokrenuo masovnu akciju spašavanja --
02:25
and this soon would become
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koja je ubrzo postala
02:27
the largest animal rescue ever undertaken.
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najveće spašavanje životinja ikad poduzeto.
02:30
Now at the time, I was working down the street.
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U tom sam razdoblju radila u blizini.
02:32
I was a penguin aquarist at the New England Aquarium.
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Bila sam akvarist za pingvine u Akvariju New England.
02:35
And exactly 11 years ago yesterday,
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Točno na jučerašnji dan prije 11 godina
02:39
the phone rang in the penguin office.
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zazvonio je telefon u uredu za pingvine.
02:41
And with that call, my life would change forever.
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Taj će poziv zauvijek promijeniti moj život.
02:44
It was Estelle van der Meer calling from SANCCOB,
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Zvala je Estelle van der Meer iz SANCCOB-a.
02:47
saying, "Please come help.
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Rekla je: "Molim vas, dođite nam pomoći.
02:49
We have thousands of oiled penguins
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Imamo na tisuće pingvina prekrivenih naftom
02:51
and thousands of willing,
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i na tisuće voljnih,
02:53
but completely inexperienced, volunteers.
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no potpuno neiskusnih volontera.
02:57
And we need penguin experts to come train and supervise them."
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Trebamo stručnjake za pingvine koji će ih obučiti i nadgledati".
03:00
So two days later,
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Dva dana kasnije
03:02
I was on a plane headed for Cape Town
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bila sam na avionu za Capetown
03:04
with a team of penguin specialists.
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s timom stručnjaka za pingvine.
03:07
And the scene inside of this building
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Prizor u toj zgradi
03:09
was devastating and surreal.
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bio je uznemirujuć i nestvaran.
03:12
In fact, many people compared it to a war zone.
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U biti, mnogo ga je ljudi usporedilo s ratnom zonom.
03:15
And last week, a 10 year-old girl asked me,
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Prošli me tjedan jedna desetogodišnjakinja upitala:
03:18
"What did it feel like
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"Kakav je bio osjećaj
03:20
when you first walked into that building
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kada ste ušli u tu zgradu
03:22
and saw so many oiled penguins?"
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i vidjeli sve te pingvine prekrivene naftom?"
03:26
And this is what happened.
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Evo što se dogodilo.
03:28
I was instantly transported
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Istoga sam se trena vratila
03:30
back to that moment in time.
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u taj trenutak.
03:32
Penguins are very vocal birds
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Pingvini su veoma vokalne ptice
03:34
and really, really noisy.
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i veoma su bučni.
03:36
And so I expected to walk into this building
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Očekivala sam da ću ući u tu zgradu
03:39
and be met with this cacophony
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i da će me dočekati kakofonija
03:41
of honking and braying and squawking,
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hukanja, skvičanja i kriještanja,
03:43
but instead,
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no umjesto toga
03:45
when we stepped through those doors and into the building,
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kada smo ušli u zgradu kroz ta vrata
03:48
it was eerily silent.
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bilo je sablasno tiho.
03:52
So it was very clear
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Bilo je jasno kao dan
03:54
these were stressed, sick, traumatized birds.
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da su te ptice izmučene, bolesne i istraumatizirane.
03:57
The other thing that was so striking
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Druga izvanredna stvar
04:00
was the sheer number of volunteers.
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bio je sam broj volontera.
04:02
Up to 1,000 people a day
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Do 1.000 ljudi dnevno
04:04
came to the rescue center,
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dolazilo je u centar za spašavanje.
04:06
and eventually, over the course of this rescue,
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S vremenom, tijekom postupka spašavanja,
04:09
more than 12 and a half thousand volunteers
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više od 12 i pol tisuća volontera
04:12
came from all over the world to Cape Town
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iz čitavog svijeta stiglo je u Capetown
04:14
to help save these birds.
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da bi pomoglo spasiti pingvine.
04:16
And the amazing thing
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Nevjerojatna stvar
04:18
was that not one of them had to be there --
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bila je da nitko od njih nije morao biti ondje --
04:20
yet they were.
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a ipak su bili.
04:22
So for the few of us that were there in a professional capacity,
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Za nas nekoliko koji smo ondje došli kao profesionalci
04:25
this extraordinary volunteer response
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ovaj nevjerojatan odaziv volontera
04:27
to this animal crisis
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na krizu ovih životinja
04:29
was profoundly moving and awe-inspiring.
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bio je iznimno dirljiv i izazivao je strahopoštovanje.
04:32
So the day after we arrived,
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Dan nakon što smo stigli
04:34
two of us from the aquarium were put in charge of room two,
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nas dvoje iz akvarija postali smo zaduženi za prostoriju dva.
04:37
and room two had more than 4,000 oiled penguins in it.
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U ovoj se prostoriji nalazilo više od 4.000 pingvina prekrivenih naftom.
04:41
Now mind you, three days earlier,
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Pazite, tri dana ranije
04:43
we had 60 penguins under our care,
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brinuli smo se za 60 pingvina.
04:45
so we were definitely overwhelmed
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Bili smo potpuno zatrpani
04:47
and just a bit terrified -- at least I was.
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i pomalo preplašeni -- barem ja.
04:50
Personally, I really didn't know
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Osobno, stvarno nisam znala
04:52
if I was capable of handling
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jesam li sposobna suočiti se
04:54
such a monstrous task.
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s tako golemim zadatkom.
04:56
And collectively,
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A kao grupa,
04:58
we really didn't know if we could pull this off.
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zaista nismo znali možemo li uspjeti.
05:01
Because we all knew
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Jer svi smo znali
05:03
that just six years earlier,
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da je samo šest godina ranije
05:05
half as many penguins had been oiled and rescued
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upola manje pingvina bilo prekriveno naftom i spašeno,
05:07
and only half of them had survived.
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no samo ih je polovica preživjela.
05:10
So would it be humanly possible
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Dakle, je li ljudski moguće
05:12
to save this many oiled penguins?
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spasiti toliko pingvina prekrivenih naftom?
05:14
We just did not know.
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Jednostavno nismo znali.
05:16
But what gave us hope
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No nadu su nam dali
05:18
were these incredibly dedicated and brave volunteers --
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nevjerojatno predani i hrabri volonteri --
05:22
three of whom here are force-feeding penguins.
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od kojih troje ovdje na silu hrani pingvine.
05:25
And you may notice they're wearing very thick gloves.
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Možete primjetiti da nose veoma debele rukavice.
05:27
And what you should know about African penguins
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Ono što trebate znati o afričkim pingvinima
05:30
is that they have razor-sharp beaks.
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je da su njihovi kljunovi oštri poput žileta.
05:32
And before long,
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Ubrzo
05:34
our bodies were covered head to toe
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naša su tijela bila prekrivena
05:36
with these nasty wounds
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od glave do pete teškim ranama
05:38
inflicted by the terrified penguins.
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koje su nam zadali prestrašeni pingvini.
05:40
Now the day after we arrived,
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Dan nakon što smo stigli
05:42
a new crisis began to unfold.
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počela se javljati nova kriza.
05:44
The oil slick was now moving north towards Dassen Island,
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Naftna se mrlja sada kretala na sjever prema otoku Dassen,
05:48
and the rescuers despaired,
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a spasioci su počeli očajavati.
05:50
because they knew if the oil hit,
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Znali su da ako ih zadesi nafta
05:52
it would not be possible to rescue any more oiled birds.
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neće moći spasiti više nijednu pticu prekrivenu naftom.
05:55
And there really were no good solutions.
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Dobrih rješenja doista nije bilo.
05:57
But then finally,
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No na koncu
05:59
one of the researchers threw out this crazy idea.
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jedan se od spasioca dosjetio ove sulude ideje.
06:01
He said, "Okay, why don't we try and collect
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Rekao je: "U redu, zašto ne pokušamo skupiti
06:04
the birds at the greatest risk of getting oiled" --
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ptice kojima prijeti najveći rizik" --
06:06
they collected 20,000 --
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skupili su ih 20.000 --
06:08
"and we'll ship them 500 miles up the coast
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"i prevesti ih 800 km sjeverno uz obalu
06:12
to Port Elizabeth in these open air trucks
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do Port Elizabetha u otvorenim kamionima,
06:14
and release them into the clean waters there
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ondje ih pustiti u čistu vodu
06:16
and let them swim back home."
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i pustiti ih da otplivaju kući".
06:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:23
So three of those penguins -- Peter, Pamela and Percy --
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Tri pingvina: Peter, Pamela i Percy
06:25
wore satellite tags,
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imali su satelitske odašiljače.
06:27
and the researchers crossed their fingers and hoped
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Istraživači su držali palčeve i nadali se
06:29
that by the time they got back home,
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da će dok pingvini dođu kući
06:31
the oil would be cleaned up from their islands.
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nafta biti uklonjena s njihovih otoka.
06:33
And luckily, the day they arrived,
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Srećom, kada su stigli,
06:35
it was.
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bila je.
06:37
So it had been a huge gamble, but it had paid off.
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Radilo se o golemom riziku, no isplatilo se.
06:40
And so they know now
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Sada znaju
06:42
that they can use this strategy
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da mogu upotrijebiti ovu strategiju
06:44
in future oil spills.
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u budućim izljevima nafte.
06:46
So in wildlife rescue, as in life,
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U spašavanju životinja, kao i u životu,
06:49
we learn from each previous experience,
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učimo iz svakog prethodnog iskustva.
06:51
and we learn from both our successes
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Učimo iz naših uspjeha,
06:53
and our failures.
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ali i neuspjeha.
06:55
And the main thing learned
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Najvažnija stvar koju smo naučili
06:57
during the Apollo Sea rescue in '94
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tijekom akcije spašavanja Apollo Sea '94.
07:00
was that most of those penguins had died
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bila je da je većina pingvina uginula
07:02
due to the unwitting use
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zbog nesmotrene uporabe
07:04
of poorly ventilated
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loše prozračenih
07:06
transport boxes and trucks --
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transportnih kutija i kamiona --
07:08
because they just had not been prepared
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jer jednostavno nisu bili pripremljeni
07:10
to deal with so many oiled penguins at once.
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suočiti se s toliko pingvina prekrivenih naftom odjednom.
07:12
So in these six years between these two oil spills,
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Tijekom šest godina između ta dva izljeva nafte
07:15
they built thousands of these well-ventilated boxes,
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izradili su na tisuće dobro prozračenih kutija.
07:18
and as a result, during the Treasure rescue,
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Kao rezultat, tijekom akcije spašavanja Treasure
07:21
just 160 penguins died
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samo je 160 pingvina uginulo
07:24
during the transport process,
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za vrijeme prijevoza,
07:26
as opposed to 5,000.
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za razliku od 5.000 ranije.
07:28
So this alone was a huge victory.
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Već je to bila velika pobjeda.
07:30
Something else learned during the Apollo rescue
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Osim toga, tijekom akcije Apollo naučili smo
07:32
was how to train the penguins
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kako istrenirati pingvine
07:34
to take fish freely from their hands,
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da slobodno jedu ribu iz svojih ruku,
07:37
using these training boxes.
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koristeći ove okvire za obuku.
07:39
And we used this technique again
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Ponovno smo koristili tu tehniku
07:41
during the Treasure rescue.
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tijekom akcije Treasure.
07:43
But an interesting thing was noted
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No uočili smo nešto zanimljivo
07:45
during the training process.
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tijekom postupka obuke.
07:47
The first penguins
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Prvi pingvini
07:49
to make that transition to free feeding
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koji su prešli na samostalno hranjenje
07:51
were the ones that had a metal band on their wing
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bili su oni s metalnim prstenom na krilu
07:54
from the Apollo Sea spill six years earlier.
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iz akcije Appollo Sea šest godina ranije.
07:57
So penguins learn
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Dakle, i pingvini uče
07:59
from previous experience, too.
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iz prethodnih iskustava.
08:01
So all of those penguins
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Svim tim pingvinima
08:03
had to have the oil meticulously cleaned from their bodies.
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bilo je potrebno pažljivo očistiti naftu s tijela.
08:06
And it would take two people at least an hour
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Trebalo je najmanje sat vremena da bi dvoje ljudi
08:09
just to clean one penguin.
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očistilo samo jednog pingvina.
08:11
And when you clean a penguin,
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Kada čistite pingvina,
08:13
you first have to spray it with a degreaser.
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prvo ga morate naprskati odmašćivačem.
08:15
And this brings me to my favorite story
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Time dolazim do svoje omiljene priče
08:17
from the Treasure rescue.
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iz akcije Treasure.
08:19
About a year prior to this oil spill,
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Oko godinu dana prije ovog izljeva
08:21
a 17 year-old student
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17-godišnji učenik
08:23
had invented a degreaser.
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izmislio je odmašćivač.
08:25
And they'd been using it at SANCCOB with great success,
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Otada su ga koristili u SANCCOB-u s velikim uspjehom
08:28
so they began using it during the Treasure rescue.
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pa su ga počeli koristiti i za vrijeme akcije Treasure.
08:31
But part way through, they ran out.
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No nakon nekog vremena ga je ponestalo.
08:34
So in a panic, Estelle from SANCCOB called the student
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Uspaničena, Estelle iz SANCCOB-a nazvala je učenika
08:37
and said, "Please, you have to make more."
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i rekla: "Moraš ga napraviti još".
08:39
So he raced to the lab
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Požurio je u laboratorij
08:41
and made enough to clean the rest of the birds.
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i napravio ga dovoljno da bi mogli očistiti ostale ptice.
08:44
So I just think it is the coolest thing
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Mislim da je nevjerojatna stvar
08:46
that a teenager
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da je tinejdžer
08:48
invented a product
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izmislio proizvod
08:50
that helped save the lives
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koji je pomogao spasiti živote
08:52
of thousands of animals.
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tisućama životinja.
08:54
So what happened to those 20,000 oiled penguins?
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Što se dogodilo s tih 20.000 pingvina?
08:57
And was Silvia Gaus right?
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Je li Silvia Gaus bila u pravu?
08:59
Should we routinely euthanize
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Bismo li rutinski trebali eutanizirati
09:01
all oiled birds
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sve ptice prekrivene naftom
09:03
because most of them are going to die anyway?
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jer će većina njih ionako uginuti?
09:05
Well she could not be more wrong.
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Grdno se prevarila.
09:08
After half a million hours
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Nakon pola milijuna sati
09:10
of grueling volunteer labor,
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mukotrpnog volonterskog rada
09:13
more than 90 percent of those oiled penguins
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više od 90 posto naftom prekrivenih pingvina
09:15
were successfully returned to the wild.
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uspješno je vraćeno u divljinu.
09:18
And we know from follow-up studies
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Iz daljnjih istraživanja doznali smo
09:20
that they have lived just as long
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da su živjeli jednako dugo
09:22
as never-oiled penguins,
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kao pingvini koji nisu bili zagađeni
09:24
and bred nearly as successfully.
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i parili se gotovo jednako uspješno.
09:27
And in addition, about 3,000 penguin chicks
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Osim toga, oko 3.000 mladih pingvina
09:30
were rescued and hand-raised.
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spašeno je i ručno othranjeno.
09:32
And again, we know from long-term monitoring
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Dugoročnim praćenjem također smo doznali
09:35
that more of these hand-raised chicks
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da više ručno othranjenih mladunaca
09:38
survive to adulthood and breeding age
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preživi do odrasle dobi i parenja
09:40
than do parent-raised chicks.
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nego mladunci koje othranjuju roditelji.
09:42
So, armed with this knowledge,
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Oboružan tim znanjem,
09:44
SANCCOB has a chick-bolstering project.
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SANCCOB pomaže mladuncima.
09:46
And every year they rescue and raise abandoned chicks,
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Svake godine spašavaju i othranjuju napuštene mladunce.
09:49
and they have a very impressive
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Imaju veoma impresivnu
09:51
80 percent success rate.
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stopu uspjeha od 80 posto.
09:54
And this is critically important
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Ovo je iznimno važno
09:56
because, one year ago,
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jer je prije godinu dana
09:58
the African penguin was declared endangered.
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afrički pingvin proglašen ugroženim.
10:01
And they could be extinct
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Mogli bi izumrijeti
10:03
in less than 10 years,
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za manje od 10 godina
10:05
if we don't do something now to protect them.
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ako sada ne učinimo nešto da ih zaštitimo.
10:08
So what did I learn
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Što sam ja naučila
10:10
from this intense and unforgettable experience?
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iz ovog intenzivnog i nezaboravnog iskustva?
10:13
Personally, I learned
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Osobno, naučila sam
10:15
that I am capable of handling so much more than I ever dreamed possible.
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da sam sposobna suočiti se s mnogo više nego sam ikad mislila.
10:18
And I learned that one person
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Naučila sam da jedna osoba
10:20
can make a huge difference.
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može mnogo toga promijeniti.
10:22
Just look at that 17 year-old.
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Pogledajte samo tog 17-godišnjaka.
10:24
And when we come together
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Kada se ujedinimo
10:26
and work as one,
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i radimo kao jedno
10:28
we can achieve extraordinary things.
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možemo postići izvanredne stvari.
10:30
And truly, to be a part of something
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Uistinu, biti dijelom nečega
10:32
so much larger than yourself
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toliko većega od vas samih
10:34
is the most rewarding experience
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najdragocjenije je iskustvo
10:36
you can possibly have.
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koje možete steći.
10:39
So I'd like to leave you with one final thought
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Željela bih vas napustiti uz završnu misao
10:41
and a challenge, if you will.
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i izazovom, ako hoćete.
10:43
My mission as the penguin lady
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Moja misija kao spasiteljice pingvina
10:45
is to raise awareness and funding
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podići je svijest i skupiti sredstva
10:47
to protect penguins,
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za zaštitu pingvina.
10:49
but why should any of you care about penguins?
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No zašto bi ikom od vas trebalo biti stalo do pingvina?
10:52
Well, you should care
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Trebalo bi vam biti stalo
10:54
because they're an indicator species.
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jer oni su indikatorska vrsta.
10:56
And simply put, if penguins are dying,
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Jednostavno rečeno, ako pingvini umiru,
10:58
it means our oceans are dying,
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to znači da umiru i naši oceani
11:01
and we ultimately will be affected,
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i da ćemo na koncu i mi biti time pogođeni.
11:03
because, as Sylvia Earle says,
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Kao što kaže Sylvia Earle:
11:05
"The oceans are our life-support system."
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"Oceani su sustav podrške živom svijetu".
11:08
And the two main threats to penguins today
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Danas su dvije najveće prijetnje pingvinima
11:10
are overfishing and global warming.
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prekomjerni izlov ribe i globalno zatopljenje.
11:12
And these are two things
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To su dvije stvari
11:14
that each one of us
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za koje svatko od nas
11:16
actually has the power to do something about.
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zapravo može nešto učiniti.
11:18
So if we each do our part,
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Ako svatko od nas učini svoj dio
11:20
together, we can make a difference,
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zajedno možemo nešto promijeniti
11:23
and we can help keep penguins from going extinct.
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i pomoći spasiti pingvine od izumiranja.
11:26
Humans have always been the greatest threat to penguins,
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Ljudi su oduvijek najveća prijetnja pingvinima,
11:29
but we are now their only hope.
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no sada smo njihova jedina nada.
11:31
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
11:33
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dyan deNapoli - Penguin expertCall her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds.
Why you should listen
While she was the Senior Penguin Aquarist at the New England Aquarium, Dyan deNapoli hand-raised dozens of penguin chicks, presented daily programs about penguins to aquarium visitors, and traveled the globe to work with penguin researchers in the field.
Now, as head of her own educational company, she frequently writes on penguin topics and has served as the onboard penguin expert and guest lecturer on cruise ships visiting the Galapagos Islands and Antarctica. She estimates she has taught about 250,000 people in the US and abroad about penguins.
Dyan deNapoli | Speaker | TED.com