TEDxRC2
Paul Conneally: How mobile phones power disaster relief
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The disastrous earthquake in Haiti taught humanitarian groups an unexpected lesson: the power of mobile devices to coordinate, inform and guide relief efforts. At TEDxRC2, Paul Conneally shows extraordinary examples of social media and other technologies becoming central to humanitarian aid.
Paul Conneally - Aid worker
Paul Conneally is the public communications manager for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and a leader in using digital technologies for humanitarian aid. Full bio
Paul Conneally is the public communications manager for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and a leader in using digital technologies for humanitarian aid. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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The humanitarian model has barely changed
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since the early 20th century.
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Its origins are firmly rooted
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in the analog age.
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And there is a major shift coming on the horizon.
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The catalyst for this change
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was the major earthquake that struck Haiti
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on the 12th of January in 2010.
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Haiti was a game changer.
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The earthquake destroyed the capital of Port-au-Prince,
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claiming the lives of some 320,000 people,
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rendering homeless
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about 1.2 million people.
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Government institutions were completely decapitated,
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including the presidential palace.
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I remember standing
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on the roof of the Ministry of Justice
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in downtown Port-au-Prince.
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It was about two meters high,
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completely squashed
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by the violence of the earthquake.
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For those of us on the ground in those early days,
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it was clear for even the most disaster-hardened veterans
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that Haiti was something different.
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Haiti was something we hadn't seen before.
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But Haiti provided us with something else unprecedented.
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Haiti allowed us to glimpse into a future
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of what disaster response might look like
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in a hyper-connected world
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where people have access
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to mobile smart devices.
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Because out of the urban devastation
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in Port-au-Prince
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came a torrent of SMS texts --
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people crying for help,
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beseeching us for assistance,
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sharing data, offering support,
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looking for their loved ones.
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This was a situation
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that traditional aid agencies had never before encountered.
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We were in one of the poorest countries on the planet,
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but 80 percent of the people
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had mobile devices in their hands.
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And we were unprepared for this,
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and they were shaping the aid effort.
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Outside Haiti also, things were looking different.
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Tens of thousands of so-called digital volunteers
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were scouring the Internet,
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converting tweets
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that had already been converted from texts
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and putting these into open-source maps,
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layering them with all sorts of important information --
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people like Crisis Mappers and Open Street Map --
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and putting these on the Web for everybody --
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the media, the aid organizations and the communities themselves --
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to participate in and to use.
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Back in Haiti,
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people were increasingly turning
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to the medium of SMS.
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People that were hungry and hurting
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were signaling their distress,
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were signaling their need for help.
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On street sides all over Port-au-Prince,
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entrepreneurs sprung up
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offering mobile phone charging stations.
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They understood more than we did
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people's innate need
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to be connected.
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Never having been confronted
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with this type of situation before,
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we wanted to try and understand
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how we could tap into this incredible resource,
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how we could really leverage
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this incredible use of mobile technology
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and SMS technology.
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We started talking with a local telecom provider called Voilà,
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which is a subsidiary of Trilogy International.
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We had basically three requirements.
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We wanted to communicate
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in a two-way form of communication.
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We didn't want to shout; we needed to listen as well.
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We wanted to be able to target
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specific geographic communities.
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We didn't need to talk to the whole country at the same time.
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And we wanted it to be easy to use.
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Out of this rubble of Haiti and from this devastation
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came something that we call TERA --
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the Trilogy Emergency Response Application --
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which has been used to support the aid effort
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ever since.
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It has been used to help communities prepare for disasters.
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It has been used to signal early warning
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in advance of weather-related disasters.
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It's used for public health awareness campaigns
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such as the prevention of cholera.
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And it is even used for sensitive issues
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such as building awareness
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around gender-based violence.
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But does it work?
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We have just published
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an evaluation of this program,
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and the evidence that is there for all to see
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is quite remarkable.
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Some 74 percent of people
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received the data.
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Those who were intended to receive the data,
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74 percent of them received it.
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96 percent of them
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found it useful.
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83 percent of them took action --
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evidence that it is indeed empowering.
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And 73 percent of them shared it.
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The TERA system
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was developed from Haiti
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with support of engineers in the region.
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It is a user-appropriate technology
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that has been used for humanitarian good to great effect.
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Technology is transformational.
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Right across the developing world,
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citizens and communities
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are using technology
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to enable them to bring about change, positive change,
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in their own communities.
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The grassroots has been strengthened
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through the social power of sharing
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and they are challenging the old models,
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the old analog models
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of control and command.
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One illustration of the transformational power of technology
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is in Kibera.
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Kibera is one of Africa's largest slums.
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It's on the outskirts of Nairobi,
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the capital city of Kenya.
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It's home to an unknown number of people --
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some say between 250,000
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and 1.2 million.
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If you were to arrive in Nairobi today
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and pick up a tourist map,
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Kibera is represented
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as a lush, green national park
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devoid of human settlement.
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Young people living in Kibera
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in their community,
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with simple handheld devices,
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GPS handheld devices and SMS-enabled mobile phones,
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have literally put themselves on the map.
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They have collated crowd-sourced data
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and rendered the invisible visible.
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People like Josh and Steve
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are continuing to layer information upon information,
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real-time information, Tweet it and text it onto these maps
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for all to use.
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You can find out about the latest impromptu music session.
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You can find out about the latest security incident.
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You can find out about places of worship.
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You can find out about the health centers.
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You can feel the dynamism
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of this living, breathing community.
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They also have their own news network on YouTube
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with 36,000 viewers at the moment.
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They're showing us what can be done
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with mobile, digital technologies.
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They're showing that the magic of technology
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can bring the invisible visible.
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And they are giving a voice to themselves.
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They are telling their own story,
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bypassing the official narrative.
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And we're seeing from all points on the globe similar stories.
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In Mongolia for instance,
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where 30 percent of the people are nomadic,
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SMS information systems are being used
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to track migration and weather patterns.
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SMS is even used
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to hold herder summits
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from remote participation.
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And if people are migrating
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into urban, unfamiliar, concrete environments,
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they can also be helped in anticipation
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with social supporters ready and waiting for them
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based on SMS knowledge.
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In Nigeria,
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open-source SMS tools
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are being used by the Red Cross community workers
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to gather information from the local community
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in an attempt to better understand and mitigate
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the prevalence of malaria.
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My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this program,
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tells me it's 10 times faster and 10 times cheaper
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than the traditional way of doing things.
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And not only is it empowering to the communities,
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but really importantly,
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this information stays in the community
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where it is needed to formulate long-term health polices.
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We are on a planet
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of seven billion people,
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five billion mobile subscriptions.
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By 2015,
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there will be three billion smartphones in the world.
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The U.N. broadband commission
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has recently set targets
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to help broadband access
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in 50 percent of the Developing World,
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compared to 20 percent today.
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We are hurtling towards a hyper-connected world
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where citizens from all cultures and all social strata
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will have access to smart, fast mobile devices.
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People are understanding,
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from Cairo to Oakland,
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that there are new ways to come together,
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there are new ways to mobilize,
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there are new ways to influence.
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A transformation is coming which needs to be understood
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by the humanitarian structures and humanitarian models.
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The collective voices of people
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needs to be more integrated through new technologies
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into the organizational strategies and plans of actions
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and not just recycled
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for fundraising or marketing.
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We need to, for example, embrace
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the big data,
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the knowledge that is there from market leaders
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who understand what it means
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to use and leverage big data.
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One idea that I'd like you to consider, for instance,
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is to take a look at our IT departments.
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They're normally backroom or basement hardware service providers,
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but they need to be elevated to software strategists.
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We need people in our organizations
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who know what it's like to work with big data.
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We need technology
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as a core organizational principle.
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We need technological strategists in the boardroom
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who can ask and answer the question,
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"What would Amazon or Google
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do with all of this data?"
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and convert it to humanitarian good.
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The possibilities
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that new digital technologies are bringing
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can help humanitarian organizations,
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not only ensure
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that people's right to information is met,
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or that they have their right to communicate,
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but I think in the future,
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humanitarian organizations will also have to anticipate
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the right for people to access
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critical communication technologies
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in order to ensure
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that their voices are heard,
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that they're truly participating,
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that they're truly empowered in the humanitarian world.
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It has always been the elusive ideal
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to ensure full participation of people affected by disasters
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in the humanitarian effort.
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We now have the tools. We now have the possibilities.
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There are no more reasons not to do it.
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I believe we need to bring the humanitarian world
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from analog to digital.
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Thank you very much.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Conneally - Aid workerPaul Conneally is the public communications manager for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and a leader in using digital technologies for humanitarian aid.
Why you should listen
Paul Conneally has worked as a journalist since 1988 in the print and broadcast media, primarily in the area of news reportage and documentaries that focus on socio-economic development and international politics. He worked with the International Committee of the Red Cross for 11 years working in communications, cooperation and operations in regions from North Caucasus and Central Asia to the Balkans, Afghanistan, Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and Israel & the Occupied Territories. He has also spent two and a half years as head of ICRC's donor reporting unit in Geneva.
Since August 2008, Paul oversees all aspects of public communication including audio visual production, advocacy initiatives, and online and social media for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Paul Conneally | Speaker | TED.com