TEDxRC2
Paul Conneally: How mobile phones power disaster relief
Paul Conneally: Digitalni humanitarizam
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Katastrofalan potres na Haitiju je naučio humanitarne grupe neočekivanu lekciju: moć mobilnih uređaja da koordiniraju, informiraju i vode pokušaje oporavka. Na TEDxRC2 Paul Conneally pokazuje izvanredne primjere društvenih medija i ostale nove tehnologije koje postaju središte humanitarne pomoći.
Paul Conneally - Aid worker
Paul Conneally is the public communications manager for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and a leader in using digital technologies for humanitarian aid. Full bio
Paul Conneally is the public communications manager for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and a leader in using digital technologies for humanitarian aid. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The humanitarian model has barely changed
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Model humanitarnosti jedva da se je mijenjao
00:18
since the early 20th century.
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od početka 20. stoljeća.
00:20
Its origins are firmly rooted
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Njegovi su izvori duboko ukorijenjeni
00:22
in the analog age.
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u analognom dobu.
00:24
And there is a major shift coming on the horizon.
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Potom se velika promjena nazire na vidiku.
00:28
The catalyst for this change
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Izvor ove promjene
00:30
was the major earthquake that struck Haiti
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bio je veliki potres koji je pogodio Haiti
00:33
on the 12th of January in 2010.
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12. siječnja 2010.godine.
00:37
Haiti was a game changer.
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Haiti je promijenio igru.
00:40
The earthquake destroyed the capital of Port-au-Prince,
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Potres je uništio glavni grad Port-au-Prince
00:44
claiming the lives of some 320,000 people,
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i uzeo živote otprilike 320 000 ljudi,
00:47
rendering homeless
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učinivši 1.2 milijuna
00:49
about 1.2 million people.
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ljudi beskućnicima.
00:52
Government institutions were completely decapitated,
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Vladine institucije bile su potpuno obezglavljene,
00:55
including the presidential palace.
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uključujući i predsjedničku palaču.
00:58
I remember standing
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Sjećam se kako sam stajao
01:00
on the roof of the Ministry of Justice
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na krovu Ministarstva pravosuđa
01:02
in downtown Port-au-Prince.
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u centru Port-au-Princea.
01:04
It was about two meters high,
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Zgrada je bila otprilike 2 metra visoka,
01:06
completely squashed
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potpuno sravnjena
01:08
by the violence of the earthquake.
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potresom.
01:10
For those of us on the ground in those early days,
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Za nas koji smo bili na zemlji u tim ranim danima,
01:13
it was clear for even the most disaster-hardened veterans
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čak je i najčvršćim veteranima
01:16
that Haiti was something different.
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bilo jasno da je Haiti nešto potpuno drugačije.
01:18
Haiti was something we hadn't seen before.
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Haiti je bio nešto što nikada do tad nismo vidjeli.
01:22
But Haiti provided us with something else unprecedented.
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Međutim, Haiti nam je pružio još nešto za što nije bilo presedana.
01:25
Haiti allowed us to glimpse into a future
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Dozvolio nam je uvid u budućnost
01:28
of what disaster response might look like
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reakcije na katastrofe
01:31
in a hyper-connected world
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u hiper-spojenom svijetu
01:33
where people have access
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gdje svi ljudi imaju pristup
01:35
to mobile smart devices.
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pametnim mobilnim uređajima.
01:38
Because out of the urban devastation
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Naime, iz urbane devastacije
01:40
in Port-au-Prince
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Port-au-Princea
01:42
came a torrent of SMS texts --
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izašla je lavina SMS poruka-
01:45
people crying for help,
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ljudi su zvali upomoć,
01:47
beseeching us for assistance,
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preklinjali nas za pomoć,
01:49
sharing data, offering support,
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dijelili podatke, nudili podršku,
01:51
looking for their loved ones.
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tražili svoje voljene.
01:53
This was a situation
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Ovo je bila situacija
01:55
that traditional aid agencies had never before encountered.
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koju tradicionalne agencije za pomoć nikada nisu susrele.
01:58
We were in one of the poorest countries on the planet,
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Bili smo u jednoj od najsiromašnijih zemalja u svijetu,
02:01
but 80 percent of the people
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ali 80 posto ljudi
02:04
had mobile devices in their hands.
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imalo je mobilne aparate u rukama.
02:06
And we were unprepared for this,
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I mi smo bili nepripremljeni na to,
02:08
and they were shaping the aid effort.
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oni su oblikovali pokušaje pomoći.
02:11
Outside Haiti also, things were looking different.
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Izvan Haitija, također, stvari su izgledale drugačije.
02:14
Tens of thousands of so-called digital volunteers
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Deset tisuća takozvanih volontera
02:17
were scouring the Internet,
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je pretraživalo internet,
02:19
converting tweets
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pretvaralo tweetove
02:21
that had already been converted from texts
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koji su već bili pretvoreni iz SMS poruka
02:23
and putting these into open-source maps,
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i stavljali njih na javne mape,
02:25
layering them with all sorts of important information --
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slažući slojeve bitnih informacija-
02:28
people like Crisis Mappers and Open Street Map --
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ljudi kao Crisis Mapper i Open Street Map –
02:31
and putting these on the Web for everybody --
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i stavljali ih na web kako bi svi-
02:33
the media, the aid organizations and the communities themselves --
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mediji, organizacije za pomoć, same zajednice-
02:36
to participate in and to use.
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mogli sudjelovati i koristiti.
02:39
Back in Haiti,
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Na Haitiju
02:41
people were increasingly turning
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ljudi su se počeli u velikom broju okretati
02:43
to the medium of SMS.
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mediju SMS-a..
02:45
People that were hungry and hurting
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Ljudi koji su bili gladni ili ozlijeđeni
02:47
were signaling their distress,
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javljali su svoje jade,
02:49
were signaling their need for help.
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signalizirali da trebaju pomoć.
02:52
On street sides all over Port-au-Prince,
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Na ulicama po cijelom Port-au-Princeu
02:55
entrepreneurs sprung up
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poduzetnici su iznikli
02:57
offering mobile phone charging stations.
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sa ponudama za punjačima mobilnih uređaja.
03:00
They understood more than we did
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Razumijeli su više nego mi
03:02
people's innate need
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urođenu ljudsku potrebu
03:04
to be connected.
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za povezivanjem.
03:06
Never having been confronted
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Kako se nikada nismo susreli
03:08
with this type of situation before,
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sa ovakvom situacijom,
03:10
we wanted to try and understand
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željeli smo pokušati razumjeti
03:12
how we could tap into this incredible resource,
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kako možemo doći do tog nevjerojatnog resursa,
03:15
how we could really leverage
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kako zaista možemo iskoristiti
03:17
this incredible use of mobile technology
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nevjerojatnu korist mobilne
03:19
and SMS technology.
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i SMS tehnologije.
03:21
We started talking with a local telecom provider called Voilà,
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Počeli smo od tamošnjeg operatera pod imenom Voilà,
03:25
which is a subsidiary of Trilogy International.
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koji je bio podružnica Trilogy Internationala.
03:29
We had basically three requirements.
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U osnovi smo imali samo 3 zahtjeva.
03:31
We wanted to communicate
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Željeli smo
03:33
in a two-way form of communication.
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dvostranu komunikaciju.
03:35
We didn't want to shout; we needed to listen as well.
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Nismo željeli vikati, željeli smo također i čuti.
03:38
We wanted to be able to target
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Željeli smo biti u mogućnosti dotaknuti
03:40
specific geographic communities.
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specifične geografske zajednice.
03:42
We didn't need to talk to the whole country at the same time.
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Nismo morali pričati sa cijelom državom istodobno,
03:45
And we wanted it to be easy to use.
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te smo željeli da bude lako za upotrebu.
03:48
Out of this rubble of Haiti and from this devastation
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Iz ruševina Haitija i iz tog uništenja
03:51
came something that we call TERA --
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izašlo je nešto što zovemo TERA-
03:53
the Trilogy Emergency Response Application --
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Trilogy Emergency Response Application (Trilogyjeva aplikacija za hitne odgovore)-
03:56
which has been used to support the aid effort
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koja se od tada koristi za potporu
03:58
ever since.
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pokušajima pomoći.
04:00
It has been used to help communities prepare for disasters.
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Korištena je kako bi pomogla zajednicama da se pripreme za katastrofu.
04:03
It has been used to signal early warning
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Korištena je da signalizira rane znakove upozorenja
04:06
in advance of weather-related disasters.
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pred katastrofama povezanim uz vremenske nepogode.
04:08
It's used for public health awareness campaigns
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Korištena je za javne zdravstvene kampanje
04:11
such as the prevention of cholera.
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podizanja svijesti protiv primjerice, kolere.
04:13
And it is even used for sensitive issues
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Korištena je također za osjetljive teme
04:16
such as building awareness
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kao podizanje svijesti
04:18
around gender-based violence.
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o nasilju zasnovanom na spolu.
04:20
But does it work?
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Međutim, je li aplikacija uspješna?
04:23
We have just published
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Upravo smo objavili
04:25
an evaluation of this program,
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evaluaciju ovog programa,
04:28
and the evidence that is there for all to see
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i dokaz koji je tamo naveden
04:31
is quite remarkable.
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je poprilično nevjerojatan.
04:34
Some 74 percent of people
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Otprilike 74 posto ljudi
04:36
received the data.
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primilo je podatke.
04:38
Those who were intended to receive the data,
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Od onih kojima su podatci trebali biti poslani,
04:40
74 percent of them received it.
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74 posto ih je primilo.
04:42
96 percent of them
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Korisnima ih je
04:44
found it useful.
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doživjelo 96 posto,
04:46
83 percent of them took action --
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83 posto njih je nešto poduzelo-
04:49
evidence that it is indeed empowering.
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to je dokaz da je uistinu osnažujuće.
04:51
And 73 percent of them shared it.
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Proslijedilo ih je 73 posto ljudi.
04:55
The TERA system
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TERA sustav
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was developed from Haiti
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je razvijen na Haitiju
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with support of engineers in the region.
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uz pomoć inženjera iz te regije.
05:02
It is a user-appropriate technology
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To je tehnologija primjerena
05:04
that has been used for humanitarian good to great effect.
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korisniku koja je korištena za humanitarno dobro s velikim učinkom.
05:07
Technology is transformational.
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Tehnologija je transformacijska.
05:10
Right across the developing world,
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Posvuda diljem svijeta u razvoju,
05:12
citizens and communities
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građani i zajednice
05:14
are using technology
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koriste tehnologiju
05:16
to enable them to bring about change, positive change,
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da omoguće dolazak promjene, pozitivne promjene
05:18
in their own communities.
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u svoje zajednice.
05:20
The grassroots has been strengthened
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Korijen toga je učvršćen
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through the social power of sharing
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kroz socijalnu moć dijeljenja
05:24
and they are challenging the old models,
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i oni izazivaju stare modele,
05:26
the old analog models
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stare analogne modele
05:28
of control and command.
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kontrole i zapovijedi.
05:31
One illustration of the transformational power of technology
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Jedna ilustracija transformacijske moći tehnologije
05:34
is in Kibera.
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jest Kibera.
05:36
Kibera is one of Africa's largest slums.
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Kibera je jedno od najvećih afričkih predgrađa.
05:38
It's on the outskirts of Nairobi,
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Nalazi se na rubu Nairobija,
05:40
the capital city of Kenya.
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glavnog grada Kenije.
05:42
It's home to an unknown number of people --
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Dom je nepoznatom broju ljudi—
05:44
some say between 250,000
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navodno između 250 000 i
05:46
and 1.2 million.
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1.2. milijuna.
05:48
If you were to arrive in Nairobi today
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Da danas stignete u Nairobi
05:50
and pick up a tourist map,
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i uzmete turističku mapu,
05:52
Kibera is represented
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Kibera bi bila prikazana
05:54
as a lush, green national park
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kao bujan, zeleni nacionalni park
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devoid of human settlement.
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bez ljudskih nastambi.
05:58
Young people living in Kibera
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Mladi ljudi koji žive u Kiberi,
06:00
in their community,
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u svojoj zajednici,
06:02
with simple handheld devices,
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samo sa jednostavnim ručnim napravama,
06:04
GPS handheld devices and SMS-enabled mobile phones,
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GPSom i mobitelima koji šalju SMS-ove,
06:08
have literally put themselves on the map.
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doslovno su se stavili na mapu.
06:10
They have collated crowd-sourced data
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Skupili su i kombinirali podatke dobivene međusobnom distribucijom problema
06:12
and rendered the invisible visible.
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i učinili nevidljivo vidljivim.
06:15
People like Josh and Steve
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Ljudi kao Josh i Steve
06:18
are continuing to layer information upon information,
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nastavljaju slagati slojeve informacija,
06:21
real-time information, Tweet it and text it onto these maps
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informacije u pravom vremenu, tweetati i upisati na mapu
06:24
for all to use.
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kako bi se svi njom mogli koristiti.
06:26
You can find out about the latest impromptu music session.
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Možete naći podatke o najnovijem improviziranom glazbenom koncertu.
06:29
You can find out about the latest security incident.
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Možete doznati za posljednji sigurnosni incident.
06:31
You can find out about places of worship.
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Možete doznati o mjestima štovanja.
06:33
You can find out about the health centers.
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Možete naći podatke o zdravstvenim ustanovama.
06:35
You can feel the dynamism
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Možete osjetiti dinamiku
06:37
of this living, breathing community.
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žive, dišuće zajednice.
06:39
They also have their own news network on YouTube
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Također imaju i svoje vijesti na You Tubeu
06:42
with 36,000 viewers at the moment.
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sa trenutno 36000 gledatelja.
06:45
They're showing us what can be done
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Pokazali su nam što se može uraditi
06:48
with mobile, digital technologies.
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sa mobilnom, digitalnom tehnologijom.
06:50
They're showing that the magic of technology
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Pokazuju nam da čarolija tehnologije
06:52
can bring the invisible visible.
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može učiniti nevidljivo vidljivim.
06:54
And they are giving a voice to themselves.
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Daju glas sami sebi.
06:56
They are telling their own story,
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Pričaju nam svoje priče
06:59
bypassing the official narrative.
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zaobilazeći službene pripovjedače.
07:01
And we're seeing from all points on the globe similar stories.
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Također gledamo sa svih kuteva planeta na slične priče.
07:04
In Mongolia for instance,
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U Mongoliji, na primjer,
07:06
where 30 percent of the people are nomadic,
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gdje je 30 posto ljudi nomadi,
07:08
SMS information systems are being used
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SMSovi se koriste kako bi se pratile
07:11
to track migration and weather patterns.
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migracije i predviđanja vremena.
07:13
SMS is even used
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SMS se također koristi
07:15
to hold herder summits
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za sastanke stočara
07:17
from remote participation.
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na udaljenim mjestima.
07:19
And if people are migrating
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Ako ljudi migriraju
07:21
into urban, unfamiliar, concrete environments,
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u urbani, nepoznati, betonski okoliš,
07:23
they can also be helped in anticipation
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također im se može pomoći u očekivanju
07:25
with social supporters ready and waiting for them
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putem socijalne podrške koja je spremna i čeka ih,
07:28
based on SMS knowledge.
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a temeljena je na SMS znanju.
07:30
In Nigeria,
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U Nigeriji,
07:32
open-source SMS tools
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besplatna SMS pomagala
07:35
are being used by the Red Cross community workers
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koristi zajednica radnika u Crvenom križu
07:38
to gather information from the local community
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kako bi prikupila informacije od lokalnog stanovništva
07:41
in an attempt to better understand and mitigate
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u pokušaju da bolje shvate i smanje
07:43
the prevalence of malaria.
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učestalost malarije.
07:45
My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this program,
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Moj kolega Jason Peat, koji vodi taj program,
07:48
tells me it's 10 times faster and 10 times cheaper
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kaže da je 10 puta brže i 10 puta jeftinije
07:51
than the traditional way of doing things.
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od tradicionalnog načina na koji se te stvari rade.
07:54
And not only is it empowering to the communities,
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Ne samo da osnažuje zajednice,
07:56
but really importantly,
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već što je veoma važno,
07:58
this information stays in the community
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ove informacije ostaju u zajednici
08:00
where it is needed to formulate long-term health polices.
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gdje su potrebne da formuliraju dugotrajne zdravstvene smjernice.
08:04
We are on a planet
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Na planetu smo
08:06
of seven billion people,
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sa sedam milijardi ljudi,
08:09
five billion mobile subscriptions.
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s 5 milijardi mobilnih pretplata.
08:12
By 2015,
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Do 2015.
08:14
there will be three billion smartphones in the world.
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bit će tri milijarde pametnih mobitela u svijetu.
08:19
The U.N. broadband commission
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UN-ov program broadband interneta
08:21
has recently set targets
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je nedavno postavio cilj
08:23
to help broadband access
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omogućavanja pristupa broadbandu
08:25
in 50 percent of the Developing World,
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za 50 posto Trećeg svijeta,
08:28
compared to 20 percent today.
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u usporedbi s 20 posto danas.
08:30
We are hurtling towards a hyper-connected world
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Jurimo prema hiper-spojenom svijetu
08:33
where citizens from all cultures and all social strata
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gdje građani svih kultura i svih slojeva društva
08:36
will have access to smart, fast mobile devices.
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imaju pristup pametnim, brzim mobilnim uređajima.
08:40
People are understanding,
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Ljudi shvaćaju,
08:42
from Cairo to Oakland,
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od Kaira do Oaklanda,
08:44
that there are new ways to come together,
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da postoji novi način da se spoje,
08:46
there are new ways to mobilize,
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novi načini da se pokrenu,
08:48
there are new ways to influence.
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novi načini da se utječe.
08:52
A transformation is coming which needs to be understood
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Dolazi transformacija koju humanitarne strukture
08:55
by the humanitarian structures and humanitarian models.
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i modeli trebaju razumjeti.
08:58
The collective voices of people
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Skupni glasovi ljudi
09:00
needs to be more integrated through new technologies
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trebaju biti uklopljeniji kroz nove tehnologije
09:03
into the organizational strategies and plans of actions
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u organizacijske strategije i planove akcija,
09:05
and not just recycled
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a ne samo reciklirani
09:07
for fundraising or marketing.
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za prikupljanje novca ili marketinga.
09:09
We need to, for example, embrace
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Trebamo, na primjer, prihvatiti
09:11
the big data,
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velike podatke,
09:13
the knowledge that is there from market leaders
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znanje koje potječe od voditelja tržišta
09:15
who understand what it means
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koji razumiju što znači
09:17
to use and leverage big data.
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koristiti velike podatke.
09:20
One idea that I'd like you to consider, for instance,
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Jedna ideja koju bih želio da razmotrite jest, na primjer,
09:23
is to take a look at our IT departments.
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da pogledate naše IT odjele.
09:26
They're normally backroom or basement hardware service providers,
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Normalno su u stražnjim sobama ili podrumima programa tehničke podrške,
09:29
but they need to be elevated to software strategists.
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ali oni trebaju biti uzdignuti na razinu softver stratega.
09:32
We need people in our organizations
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U našim organizacijama trebamo ljude
09:34
who know what it's like to work with big data.
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koji znaju što znači raditi s velikim podatcima.
09:36
We need technology
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Trebamo tehnologiju
09:38
as a core organizational principle.
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kao temeljni organizacijski princip.
09:40
We need technological strategists in the boardroom
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Trebamo tehnološke stratege u odborima
09:43
who can ask and answer the question,
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koji će postaviti i odgovoriti na pitanje:
09:45
"What would Amazon or Google
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„Što bi Amazon ili Google
09:47
do with all of this data?"
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učinio sa svim ovim podatcima?“,
09:49
and convert it to humanitarian good.
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i pretvoriti ih u humanitarno dobro.
09:53
The possibilities
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Mogućnosti
09:55
that new digital technologies are bringing
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koje nam nove digitalne tehnologije donose
09:57
can help humanitarian organizations,
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mogu pomoći humanitarnim organizacijama,
09:59
not only ensure
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ne samo kako bi omogućili
10:01
that people's right to information is met,
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da ljudi ostvare svoje pravo na informacije,
10:03
or that they have their right to communicate,
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ili da imaju pravo da komuniciraju,
10:06
but I think in the future,
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nego mislim da će u budućnosti
10:08
humanitarian organizations will also have to anticipate
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humanitarne organizacije morati predviđati
10:11
the right for people to access
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prava ljudi da dođu do
10:13
critical communication technologies
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bitnih komunikacijskih tehnologija
10:15
in order to ensure
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kako bi se omogućilo
10:17
that their voices are heard,
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da se njihovi glasovi čuju,
10:19
that they're truly participating,
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da uistinu sudjeluju,
10:21
that they're truly empowered in the humanitarian world.
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da zaista imaju moć u humanitarnom svijetu.
10:24
It has always been the elusive ideal
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Oduvijek je bio nedostižan ideal
10:27
to ensure full participation of people affected by disasters
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koji nam izmiče da se osigura potpuno sudjelovanje ljudi koji su pogođeni katastrofama
10:30
in the humanitarian effort.
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u humanitarnim naporima.
10:33
We now have the tools. We now have the possibilities.
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Sada imamo alate. Sada imamo mogućnosti.
10:36
There are no more reasons not to do it.
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Nema razloga zašto to ne bi učinili.
10:40
I believe we need to bring the humanitarian world
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Ja vjerujem da trebamo dovesti humanitarni svijet
10:43
from analog to digital.
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iz analognog u digitalni.
10:45
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
10:47
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Conneally - Aid workerPaul Conneally is the public communications manager for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and a leader in using digital technologies for humanitarian aid.
Why you should listen
Paul Conneally has worked as a journalist since 1988 in the print and broadcast media, primarily in the area of news reportage and documentaries that focus on socio-economic development and international politics. He worked with the International Committee of the Red Cross for 11 years working in communications, cooperation and operations in regions from North Caucasus and Central Asia to the Balkans, Afghanistan, Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and Israel & the Occupied Territories. He has also spent two and a half years as head of ICRC's donor reporting unit in Geneva.
Since August 2008, Paul oversees all aspects of public communication including audio visual production, advocacy initiatives, and online and social media for the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Paul Conneally | Speaker | TED.com