Chip Colwell: Why museums are returning cultural treasures
Chip Colwell is an archaeologist who tries to answer the tangled question: Who owns the past? Full bio
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and a museum curator,
back to where they came from.
they're social and educational,
because of the magic of objects:
to gaze upon our human empire of things
visits each year.
have become a battleground.
don't want to see their culture
which they have no control over.
to their places of origin.
of the Parthenon Marbles,
held by the British Museum.
from museums everywhere.
to those made by Native Americans.
more than one million artifacts
of Native American skeletons.
let's start with the War Gods.
of the Zuni tribe in New Mexico.
began to collect them
of Picasso and Paul Klee,
the modern art movement.
did exactly as it's supposed to
a little-known art form
a terrible crime of cultural violence.
is not a piece of art,
in a long ceremony.
should be returned.
contradicts the refrain
not just to drive movie plots,
of museums for society.
with the Sonoran Desert's past.
the city's bland strip malls
just waiting to be discovered.
I started taking archaeology classes
even helped me set up my own laboratory
had a dark history.
became a tool for science,
of social and racial hierarchies.
were plundered from graves,
came across white graves,
as specimens on museum shelves.
boarding schools,
were on the cusp of extinction.
but the labels don't matter
that over the last century,
were taken from them.
through the US Congress,
Native Americans to reclaim
and human remains from museums.
how a piece of wood can be a living god
especially with DNA,
into the past.
Frank Norwick declared,
that benefits all of mankind.
all of this was an enigma
want their heritage back
spend their entire lives
about living ones?
what to do next,
former prison cell on Robben Island.
a country bridge vast divides
reconciliation.
in the ruins of the past?
of Nature and Science.
many other institutions,
the legacy of museum collecting.
the skeletons in our closet,
we met with dozens of tribes
these remains home.
who will receive the remains,
become undertakers,
they had never wanted unearthed.
and our Native partners
of the human remains in the collection.
hundreds of sacred objects.
that these battles are endless.
of the museum world.
more museums with more stuff.
in an American public museum
beyond the reach of US law,
and outside our borders.
with a respected religious leader
named Octavius Seowtewa
in Europe with War Gods.
with a history of dubious care.
had added chicken feathers to it.
is now state property
no longer served Zunis
of the objects to the world."
would establish a dangerous precedent
claimed by Greece.
to his people empty-handed.
the Ahayu:da so far away.
that's missing from a family dinner.
their strength is broken."
in Europe and beyond
do not represent the end of museums
about one percent
500 cultural items and skeletons,
of its total collections.
with Native Americans
to share their culture with us.
to visit the returned War Gods.
overlooking beautiful Zuni homeland.
by a roofless stone building
of turquoise, cornmeal, shell,
true purpose in the world.
the histories that we inherit.
did not pillage ancient graves
for correcting past mistakes.
the voiceless objects of our curiosity.
to fully understand others' beliefs,
places for living cultures.
turn lazy circles high above.
that their culture is not dead and gone
for the War Gods to be.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chip Colwell - Archaeologist, museum curatorChip Colwell is an archaeologist who tries to answer the tangled question: Who owns the past?
Why you should listen
Chip Colwell is an archaeologist and museum curator who has published 11 books that invite us to rethink how Native American history is told. His essays have appeared in The Atlantic, The Guardian and TIME, while his research has been highlighted in the New York Times, BBC, Forbes and elsewhere. Most recently, he wrote Plundered Skulls and Stolen Spirits: Inside the Fight to Reclaim Native America’s Culture, which The Wall Street Journal dubbed "a careful and intelligent chronicle" and won a 2018 Colorado Book Award.
In 1990, Colwell fell in love with archaeology. Still in high school, he decided to make a life for himself discovering ancient windswept ruins across the American Southwest. But in college he discovered that archaeologists have not always treated Native Americans with respect. In museums were thousands of Native American skeletons, grave goods and sacred objects -- taken with the consent of Native communities. Disheartened, he planned to leave the field he revered. But an epiphany struck that instead he should help develop a new movement in archaeology and museums based on the dignity and rights of Native Americans.
When Colwell was hired as a curator at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, he had the chance to address the dark legacies of museum collecting. He and his colleagues began consulting with hundreds of tribes about the return of skeletons and sacred objects. In this work, Colwell realized, too, there was an important story to share that explored vital questions. Why do museums collect so many things? Why is it offensive to some that museums exhibit human remains and religious items? What are the legal rights of museums -- and the moral claims of tribes? What do we lose when artifacts go home? And what do we gain?
Chip Colwell | Speaker | TED.com