Karen J. Meech: The story of 'Oumuamua, the first visitor from another star system
کارن جی. میچ: داستان اومواموا، اولین مسافر از ستارهای دیگر
Karen J. Meech is an astronomer who investigates how habitable worlds form and explores the bigger picture of whether there is life elsewhere. Full bio
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for possible asteroid collision hazards,
سنگهای آسمانی با خطر برخورد است،
is scanning the sky every night.
آسمان را جستجو میکند.
are examined by Pan-STARRS staff
کارکنان پان-استارز بررسی میشوند
که چیز مهمی نبودهاند.
moving rapidly between the stars,
که به سرعت میان ستارهها حرکت میکرد،
measurements of position and speed
در اندازهگیری موقعیت و سرعت
wasn't from our solar system.
astronomers are waiting for.
منظومه شمسی منتظرش بودند.
an interstellar comet
یک دنبالهدار بین ستارهای را داشت
since the 1970s,
from the nearest star system
منظومه ستارهای
entered our solar system
of the constellation Lyra,
on September 9th,
با خورشید رسید،
close approach or unusual distance.
یا فاصلهای غیر عادی نیست.
to see objects close by.
از نزدیک خیلی سادهتر است.
its closest approach to the Earth,
نزدیکترین فاصله را با زمین داشت،
by astronomical standards.
by its unwieldy catalog name,
در کاتالوگ بگوییم،
that passed through the solar system
از داخل منظومه شمسی عبور کرد
science fiction story in 1973.
آرتور سی کلارک در ۱۹۷۳.
by a telescope in Hawaii,
توسط تلسکوپی در هاوایی،
on Hawaiian culture --
مشورت کردیم --
from the distant past reaching out to us.
از گذشتهای دور است که به ما رسیده.
was important for many reasons,
is for what 'Oumuamua can tell us
چیزی است که اومواموا میتواند
system and the growth of planets
و ایجاد سیارات
gets ejected from the new solar system
خورشیدی جدید به بیرون پرتاب میشوند
through the dusty disk
صفحه عظیم غباری
that a shiver runs up and down your spine?
ستون فقراتتان به پایین میرود؟
very emotionally moving?
منقلبتان کرده باشد؟
from another solar system
منظومه شمسی دیگر داشتیم
تا آن را مشاهده کنیم.
about 'Oumuamua,
from another star system?
and what you can have,
اما واقعا چه میشود داشت؟
and fading very rapidly.
به سرعت میرفت و ناپدید میشد.
by a factor of [10].
we were going to have
of getting telescope time --
داریم را بکشیم --
peer-reviewed proposal process
مورد تایید قرار بگیرد --
competition for resources.
It was a fierce battle.
یک مبارزه خشن بود.
perfectly crafted proposal words
درستی را در پیشنهادهایمان
انتخاب کنیم.
selfish point of view,
is how massive 'Oumuamua is.
اندازه اومواموا بود.
it passed very close to the Earth,
از نزدیکی زمین عبور کرده بود،
until afterwards.
had it not missed the Earth?
of the velocity times its mass,
on how big it is and what it's made of.
و چیزی که از آن ساخته شده دارد.
and what's its shape?
و چه شکلی دارد؟
think of comparing the brightness
on a distant airplane.
در دور دست مقایسه کنید.
because it's so far away.
the surface of 'Oumuamua is,
چقدر نور را انعکاس میدهد،
it's very similar to small asteroids
فرض کنیم شبیه به سیارکها
of charcoal and wet sand.
are used in what's called a service mode,
نامش خدماتی است استفاده میشوند،
all the instructions
تمامی اطلاعات را فراهم کنیم
for the data to come back,
it's cloudy last night.
دیشب ابری نباشد ندارد.
any second chances here.
'Oumuamua decided not to be.
اومواموا تصمیم گرفت که نباشد.
racing between the stars.
در حال مسابقه بین ستارهها میبینیم.
the telescope is following its motion.
حرکت آن را دنبال میکند.
fainter, brighter, and fainter again,
کم نور، پر نور و دوباره کم نور،
of four sides of an oblong object.
چهار گوش کشیده منعکس میشود.
conclusion about its shape.
در مورد شکلش برسیم.
very long and narrow,
this means it's about half a mile long.
یعنی طولش حدود نیم مایل است.
solar system looks like this.
به این شکل نیست.
that even have an axis ratio
in its home solar system.
در منظومه شمسی خودش باشد.
every 7.34 hours,
to come in from other teams,
دیگر شروع به آمدن کرد،
we learn about something,
is not rotating in a simple way.
چرخشی ساده ندارد.
around its short axis,
of it being violently tossed
یک پرتاب خشن بوده
from its brightness
از روی روشناییاش تفسیر کنیم
on how it's spinning,
what it may look like,
ممکن است چه شکلی باشد،
by space artist Bill Hartmann,
هنرمند فضایی بیل هارتمن تصویر شده،
may be more of a flattened oval.
بیضیگون صاف شده است.
to have a piece of 'Oumuamua
تکهای از اومواموا را داشته باشیم
so we could study it in detail.
can't manage to launch
on remote observations.
به مشاهده از دور تکیه کنند.
interacts with the surface.
با سطح توجه میکنند.
giving it a chemical fingerprint,
که شناسهای شیمیایی میسازد،
may just reflect more blue
it reflected more red light,
بیشتر منعکس میکند،
rich surface of the comet recently visited
غنی از مواد آلی که اخیرا
has the same composition.
از ترکیبات مشابه ساخته نشده.
tiny little bits of iron in the surface
روی سطحشان دارند
of Saturn's moon Iapetus,
from the Cassini spacecraft.
in other words, metal,
به عبارت دیگر، فلز،
what's on the surface,
about what's on the inside.
that it must at least be strong enough
similar to that of rocky asteroids;
سیارکهای سنگی است؛
I want to show you
color images that we got
تصاویر رنگی را نشانتان دهم
it's not all that spectacular.
آنقدر هم تماشایی نیست.
was not because of the images,
به خاطر تصاویرش نبود،
our observations out
from the discovery,
along the orbit,
where 'Oumuamua came from.
تا بفهمیم که اومواموا از کجا آمده.
a leftover archaeological remnant
باقی ماندهای از اثری باستانی
of another planetary system,
منظومه سیارهای دیگر است،
that maybe 'Oumuamua formed
که شاید اومواموا
that was much denser than our own,
خورشید ما شکل گرفته باشد،
shredded planetary material
مواد سیارهای را
خرد کردهاند.
this is something that formed
که این چیزی است
یک ستاره در حال مرگ ایجاد شده،
it's a natural object,
that it's not something artificial.
چیزی مصنوعی نیست.
the tumbling motion
this is alien technology,
که فناوری فضاییهاست.
and search for a radio signal?
و بدنبال سیگنال رادیویی نگردیم؟
the Breakthrough Listen project did,
پروژه شنود عبور انجام داد،
has remained completely quiet.
کاملا ساکت مانده است.
a spacecraft to 'Oumuamua
سفینهای به اومواموا بفرستیم؟
and expensive voyage,
خواهد بود،
به آن خواهیم رسید
would be very difficult.
has many more things to teach us,
برای عرضه به ما داشت،
more surprises in store
باقی مانده باشد
continue to work with the data.
مشغول بررسی اطلاعات هستند.
I think this visitor from afar
که این مسافر دوردستها
that our solar system isn't isolated.
که منظومه شمسی ما مجزا نیست.
be surrounded by interstellar visitors
مسافران بین ستارهای احاطه شده باشیم
than its provided answers,
پاسخها پیش میآورد،
to a visitor from another solar system.
از یک منظومه دیگر سلام کردیم.
that talk very much. Thank you.
خیلی متشکرم.
pretty late in its journey towards us.
در راهش به سمتمان خیلی دیر پیدا کردیم.
the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
تلسکوپ بزرگ جستجوی سینوپتیک
we'll start to see a lot of these things,
از اینها را ببینیم،
as it's approaching the Sun,
که به سمت خورشید میرود،
to do all the science,
زمان نیاز داری،
you can chase it.
بتوانی دنبالش کنی.
Let's thank Karen again.
بیایید از کارن دوباره تشکر کنیم.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen J. Meech - Astronomer, astrobiologistKaren J. Meech is an astronomer who investigates how habitable worlds form and explores the bigger picture of whether there is life elsewhere.
Why you should listen
Astrobiologist Karen J. Meech uses the leftover pieces from our solar system's formation to understand how habitable planets are made. Her curiosity about life beyond earth was inspired as a child watching Star Trek. From this, her path led to a career in physics and astronomy, with a PhD in planetary physics from MIT. She is now an astronomer at the University of Hawaii, where she leads the astrobiology group, and she is a passionate scientific educator.
Meech started her astronomical career investigating comets, the icy leftovers from the birth of our solar system. Her work led to an understanding of many of the processes that cause the beautiful tails to develop far from our Sun. She was co-investigator on three comet missions. Her discoveries provide information to test our understanding of how planetary systems are assembled. Now her work has embraced the power of interdisciplinary science, and she is combining geological field work, geochemistry, astronomical observations, theory and space mission concepts to address fundamental questions about how earth got its water.
Karen J. Meech | Speaker | TED.com