TEDGlobal 2011
Rebecca MacKinnon: Let's take back the Internet!
Rebecca MacKinnon: Vratimo nazad Internet!
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U ovom snažnom govoru s TEDGlobala, Rebecca MacKinnon opisuje rastuću borbu za slobodu i kontrolu u cyberprostoru, te pita: Kako dizajnirati slijedeću fazu Interneta, s odgovornosti i slobodom umjesto kontrolom u svojoj jezgri? Ona vjeruje kako je Internet krenuo prema "Magna Carta" trenutku kada će građani diljem svijeta zahtijevati od svojih vlada zaštitu slobode govora i prava na povezivanje.
Rebecca MacKinnon - Internet freedom activist
Rebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent. Full bio
Rebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I begin with an advertisement
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I tako počinjem s promotivnim spotom
00:18
inspired by George Orwell
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inspiriranim Georgeom Orwellom
00:20
that Apple ran in 1984.
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koju je Apple pustio 1984.
00:32
(Video) Big Brother: We are one people
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(Video) Big Brother: Mi smo jedan narod
00:34
with one will, one resolve,
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s jednom voljom, jednom odlučnošću,
00:37
one cause.
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jednim ciljem.
00:39
Our enemies shall talk themselves to death,
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Naši neprijatelji će se zapričavati do smrti,
00:42
and we will fight them with their own confusion.
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i borit ćemo se protiv njih njihovom vlastitom zbunjenošću.
00:47
We shall prevail.
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Mi ćemo prevladati.
00:52
Narrator: On January 24th,
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Pripovjedač: 24. siječnja,
00:54
Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh.
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Apple Computer će predstaviti Macintosh.
00:57
And you'll see why 1984
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I vidjet ćete zašto 1984.
01:00
won't be like "1984."
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neće biti kao "1984".
01:02
Rebecca MacKinnon: So the underlying message of this video
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Rebecca MacKinnon: Temeljna poruka ovog videa
01:05
remains very powerful even today.
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još i danas ostaje vrlo snažna.
01:08
Technology created by innovative companies
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Tehnologija koju kreiraju inovativne kompanije
01:11
will set us all free.
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će nas osloboditi.
01:14
Fast-forward more than two decades:
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Premotajmo više od dva desetljeća unaprijed:
01:17
Apple launches the iPhone in China
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Apple predstavlja iPhone u Kini
01:20
and censors the Dalai Lama out
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i cenzurira Dalai Lamu
01:22
along with several other politically sensitive applications
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i još nekoliko politički osjetljivih aplikacija
01:25
at the request of the Chinese government
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na zahtjev kineske vlade
01:27
for its Chinese app store.
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za kineski app store.
01:29
The American political cartoonist
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Američki politički karikaturist
01:31
Mark Fiore
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Mark Fiore
01:33
also had his satire application
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čija je satirična aplikacija
01:35
censored in the United States
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cenzurirana u Sjedinjenim državama
01:37
because some of Apple's staff
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jer su neki članovi Appleovog osoblja
01:39
were concerned it would be offensive to some groups.
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bili zabrinuti kako bi aplikacija mogla biti uvredljiva nekim grupama.
01:42
His app wasn't reinstated
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Njegova aplikacija nije vraćena
01:44
until he won the Pulitzer Prize.
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dok nije osvojio nagradu Pulitzer.
01:47
The German magazine Stern, a news magazine,
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Njemačkom časopisu Stern
01:50
had its app censored
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cenzurirali su aplikaciju
01:52
because the Apple nannies deemed it
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jer su dadilje iz Applea smatrale kako
01:54
to be a little bit too racy for their users,
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je malo prerasistička za njihove korisnike,
01:57
and despite the fact that this magazine
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unatoč činjenici da se ovaj časopis
01:59
is perfectly legal for sale
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potpuno legalno prodaje
02:01
on newsstands throughout Germany.
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na štandovima diljem Njemačke.
02:04
And more controversially, recently,
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I što je još kontroverznije, nedavno,
02:06
Apple censored a Palestinian protest app
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Apple je cenzurirao palestinsku aplikaciju za proteste
02:09
after the Israeli government voiced concerns
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nakon što je izraelska vlada izjavila da je zabrinuta
02:12
that it might be used to organize violent attacks.
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kako bi se mogla koristiti za organizaciju nasilnih napada.
02:15
So here's the thing.
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Dakle stvar je ovakva.
02:17
We have a situation where private companies
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Imamo situaciju gdje privatne kompanije
02:19
are applying censorship standards
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primjenjuju cenzuru prema standardima
02:22
that are often quite arbitrary
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koji su često poprilično proizvoljni
02:25
and generally more narrow
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i općenito uži
02:27
than the free speech constitutional standards
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od ustavnih standarda slobode govora
02:29
that we have in democracies.
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koje imamo u demokracijama.
02:31
Or they're responding to censorship requests
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Ili odgovaraju na zahtjeve za cenzurom
02:34
by authoritarian regimes
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od strane autoritativnih režima
02:36
that do not reflect consent of the governed.
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s kojima se ne slaže narod.
02:38
Or they're responding to requests and concerns
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Ili odgovaraju na zahtjeve i brige
02:41
by governments that have no jurisdiction
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vlada koje nemaju nadležnost
02:45
over many, or most, of the users and viewers
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nad većinom korisnika i gledatelja
02:48
who are interacting with the content in question.
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koji koriste predmetni sadržaj.
02:51
So here's the situation.
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Dakle, evo situacije.
02:53
In a pre-Internet world,
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U svijetu prije Interneta,
02:55
sovereignty over our physical freedoms,
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suverenost nad našim fizičkim slobodama,
02:58
or lack thereof,
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ili nedostatak dotične,
03:00
was controlled almost entirely
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gotovo u potpunosti kontrolirale su
03:02
by nation-states.
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nacionalne države.
03:04
But now we have this new layer
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Ali sada imamo ovaj novi sloj
03:06
of private sovereignty
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privatne suverenosti
03:08
in cyberspace.
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u cyberprostoru.
03:10
And their decisions about software coding,
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I njihove odluke o kodiranju softvera,
03:12
engineering, design, terms of service
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inženjeringu, dizajnu, uvjetima usluge
03:15
all act as a kind of law
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se ponašaju kao zakon
03:17
that shapes what we can and cannot do with our digital lives.
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koji određuje što možemo, a što ne možemo s našim digitalnim životima.
03:21
And their sovereignties,
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I njihovi suvereniteti,
03:23
cross-cutting, globally interlinked,
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unakrsno, globalno povezani,
03:25
can in some ways
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na neke načine mogu
03:27
challenge the sovereignties of nation-states
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osporiti suverenitete nacionalnih država
03:29
in very exciting ways,
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na vrlo uzbudljive načine,
03:31
but sometimes also act
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ali ih isto tako katkad
03:33
to project and extend it
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proširuju
03:35
at a time when control
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u vrijeme kada kontrola
03:37
over what people can and cannot do
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nad onim što ljudi mogu ili ne mogu
03:39
with information
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s informacijama
03:41
has more effect than ever
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ima više utjecaja nego ikada
03:43
on the exercise of power
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na ostvarivanje moći
03:45
in our physical world.
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u našem fizičkom svijetu.
03:48
After all, even the leader of the free world
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Na kraju, čak i vođa slobodnog svijeta
03:50
needs a little help from the sultan of Facebookistan
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treba malo pomoći od sultana Facebookistana
03:53
if he wants to get reelected next year.
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ako želi biti ponovno izabran slijedeće godine.
03:56
And these platforms
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I ove platforme
03:58
were certainly very helpful
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su svakako bile vrlo korisne
04:00
to activists in Tunisia and Egypt
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aktivistima u Tunisu i Egiptu
04:03
this past spring and beyond.
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ovog proljeća i kasnije.
04:05
As Wael Ghonim,
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Kako je Wael Ghonim,
04:08
the Google-Egyptian-executive by day,
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šef egipatskog Googlea po danu,
04:11
secret-Facebook-activist by night,
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tajni Facebook aktivist po noći,
04:13
famously said to CNN
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slavno rekao CNN-u
04:15
after Mubarak stepped down,
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nakon što je Mumbarak odstupio,
04:17
"If you want to liberate a society,
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"Ako želite osloboditi društvo,
04:19
just give them the Internet."
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samo im dajte Internet."
04:21
But overthrowing a government is one thing
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Ali rušenje vlade je jedna stvar
04:23
and building a stable democracy
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dok je izgradnja stabilne demokracije
04:25
is a bit more complicated.
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malo kompliciranija.
04:27
On the left there's a photo taken by an Egyptian activist
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S lijeva je fotografija koju je uslikao egipatski aktivist
04:30
who was part of the storming
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koji je bio dio napada na
04:32
of the Egyptian state security offices in March.
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urede državne sigurnosti Egipta u ožujku.
04:35
And many of the agents
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Puno je agenata
04:37
shredded as many of the documents as they could
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uništavalo što su više dokumenata mogli
04:39
and left them behind in piles.
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i ostavili ih iza sebe na hrpama.
04:41
But some of the files were left behind intact,
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Ali neki dokumenti ostali su netaknuti,
04:44
and activists, some of them,
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i aktivisti, neki od njih,
04:46
found their own surveillance dossiers
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našli su svoje vlastite dosjee
04:49
full of transcripts of their email exchanges,
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pune prijepisa razmjena svojih email poruka,
04:52
their cellphone text message exchanges,
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svojih tekstualnih poruka mobitelima,
04:54
even Skype conversations.
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čak i Skype razgovora.
04:56
And one activist actually found
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Jedan je aktivist pronašao
04:58
a contract from a Western company
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ugovor jedne zapadne kompanije
05:01
for the sale of surveillance technology
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za prodaju tehnologije za nadgledanje
05:03
to the Egyptian security forces.
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egipatskoj službi sigurnosti.
05:05
And Egyptian activists are assuming
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I egipatski aktivisti pretpostavljaju
05:07
that these technologies for surveillance
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da te nadzorne tehnologije
05:09
are still being used
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još uvijek koristi
05:11
by the transitional authorities running the networks there.
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prijelazna vlada koja tamo upravlja mrežama.
05:15
And in Tunisia, censorship actually began to return in May --
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U Tunisu se cenzura počela vraćati u svibnju --
05:18
not nearly as extensively
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ni približno opsežno
05:20
as under President Ben Ali.
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kao pod predsjednikom Ben Alijem.
05:23
But you'll see here a blocked page
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Ali ovdje vidite blokiranu stranicu
05:25
of what happens when you try to reach
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koja se prikaže kada pokušate pristupiti
05:27
certain Facebook pages and some other websites
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određenim Facebook i nekim drugim stranicama
05:29
that the transitional authorities
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za koje su prijelazne vlasti
05:31
have determined might incite violence.
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utvrdile da bi mogle potaknuti nasilje.
05:34
In protest over this,
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Iz protesta prema ovome,
05:36
blogger Slim Amamou,
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blogger Slim Amamou,
05:38
who had been jailed under Ben Ali
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koji je uhićen za vrijeme Ben Alija
05:40
and then became part of the transitional government
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i kasnije postao dio prijelazne vlade
05:42
after the revolution,
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nakon revolucije,
05:44
he resigned in protest from the cabinet.
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on je iz protesta dao ostavku.
05:47
But there's been a lot of debate in Tunisia
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Ali u Tunisu postoji dosta rasprava
05:49
about how to handle this kind of problem.
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o tome kako se uhvatiti u koštac s ovim problemom.
05:51
In fact, on Twitter,
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U stvari, na Twitteru,
05:53
there were a number of people who were supportive of the revolution
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bilo je dosta ljudi koji su podupirali revoluciju
05:55
who said, "Well actually,
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koji su rekli, "Pa ustvari,
05:57
we do want democracy and free expression,
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mi želimo demokraciju i slobodu govora,
05:59
but there is some kinds of speech that need to be off-bounds
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ali postoje neke vrste govora koje treba ograničiti
06:02
because it's too violent and it might be destabilizing for our democracy.
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jer su pre nasilne i mogle bi djelovati destabilizirajuće po našu demokraciju.
06:05
But the problem is,
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Ali problem je,
06:07
how do you decide who is in power to make these decisions
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kako odlučiti tko ima vlast donositi takve odluke
06:10
and how do you make sure
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i kako se osigurati
06:12
that they do not abuse their power?
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da ne zloupotrebljavaju svoju moć?
06:14
As Riadh Guerfali,
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Kao što je Riadh Guerfali,
06:16
the veteran digital activist from Tunisia,
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digitalni aktivist veteran iz Tunisa,
06:18
remarked over this incident,
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primjetio u vezi ovog incidenta,
06:20
"Before, things were simple:
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"Prije su stvari bile jednostavne:
06:22
you had the good guys on one side and the bad guys on the other.
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imao si dobre momke na jednoj strani i loše na drugoj.
06:25
Today, things are a lot more subtle."
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Danas, stvari su puno suptilnije."
06:28
Welcome to democracy, our Tunisian and Egyptian friends.
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Dobrodošli u demokraciju, naši tuniški i egipatski prijatelji.
06:31
The reality is
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Stvarnost je da
06:33
that even in democratic societies today,
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čak i u demokratskim društvima danas,
06:36
we do not have good answers
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nemamo dobre odgovore
06:38
for how you balance the need
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na pitanje kako uskladiti potrebu
06:40
for security and law enforcement on one hand
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za sigurnosti i provedbom zakona s jedne strane
06:43
and protection of civil liberties
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i zaštitu građanskih sloboda
06:45
and free speech on the other
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i slobode govora s druge
06:47
in our digital networks.
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na našim digitalnim mrežama.
06:49
In fact, in the United States,
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U stvari, u Sjedinjenim državama,
06:51
whatever you may think of Julian Assange,
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što god mislili o Julianu Assangeu,
06:54
even people who are not necessarily big fans of his
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čak i ljudi koji nisu njegovi veliki fanovi
06:57
are very concerned about the way
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vrlo su zabrinuti zbog načina
06:59
in which the United States government and some companies have handled Wikileaks.
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na koji su vlada SAD-a i neke kompanije postupile u vezi Wikileaksa.
07:02
Amazon webhosting dropped Wikileaks as a customer
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Amazon webhosting je ukinio uslugu Wikileaksu
07:05
after receiving a complaint from U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman,
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nakon što su primili pritužbu od senatora Joea Liebermana,
07:09
despite the fact
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unatoč činjenici
07:11
that Wikileaks had not been charged,
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da Wikileaks nije bio optužen,
07:13
let alone convicted,
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a kamoli osuđen
07:15
of any crime.
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za bilo kakav zločin.
07:18
So we assume
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Pa zaključujemo
07:20
that the Internet is a border-busting technology.
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da je Internet tehnologija koja ruši granice.
07:23
This is a map of social networks worldwide,
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Ovo je karta društvenih mreža diljem svijeta,
07:26
and certainly Facebook has conquered much of the world --
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i Facebook je pokorio većinu svijeta --
07:29
which is either a good or a bad thing,
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što je ili dobra ili loša stvar,
07:31
depending on how you like
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ovisno o tome koliko vam se sviđa
07:33
the way Facebook manages its service.
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način na koji Facebook upravlja svojom uslugom.
07:35
But borders do persist
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Ali granice opstaju
07:37
in some parts of cyberspace.
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u nekim djelovima cyberprostora.
07:39
In Brazil and Japan,
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U Brazilu i Japanu,
07:41
it's for unique cultural and linguistic reasons.
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razlog za to su jedinstven jezik i kultura.
07:44
But if you look at China, Vietnam
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Ali pogledate li Kinu, Vjetnam
07:46
and a number of the former Soviet states,
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i neke od bivših sovjetskih država,
07:49
what's happening there is more troubling.
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ono što se događa tamo je uznemiravajuće.
07:51
You have a situation
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Imate situaciju
07:53
where the relationship between government
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gdje odnosi između vlade
07:55
and local social networking companies
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i lokalnih kompanija za društveno umrežavanje
07:58
is creating a situation
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stvaraju situaciju
08:00
where, effectively,
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gdje se, efektivno,
08:02
the empowering potential of these platforms
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osnažujući potencijal tih platformi
08:05
is being constrained
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ograničava
08:07
because of these relationships
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zbog tih odnosa
08:09
between companies and government.
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između vlade i kompanija.
08:11
Now in China,
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Sada u Kini
08:13
you have the "great firewall," as it's well-known,
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postoji "veliki vatrozid", kao što je poznat,
08:15
that blocks Facebook
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koji blokira Facebook
08:17
and Twitter and now Google+
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i Twitter i sada Google+
08:20
and many of the other overseas websites.
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i mnoge od prekooceanskih web stranica.
08:23
And that's done in part with the help from Western technology.
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I to je izvedeno dijelom uz pomoć zapadne tehnologije.
08:26
But that's only half of the story.
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Ali to je samo polovica priče.
08:29
The other part of the story
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Drugi dio priče
08:31
are requirements that the Chinese government places
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su zahtjevi koje kineska vlada postavlja
08:34
on all companies operating on the Chinese Internet,
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svim kompanijama koje djeluju na kineskom Internetu,
08:37
known as a system of self-discipline.
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koji su poznati kao sustav samodiscipline.
08:39
In plain English, that means censorship and surveillance
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Laički rečeno, to znači cenzuru i nadzor
08:42
of their users.
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svojih korisnika
08:44
And this is a ceremony I actually attended in 2009
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A ovo je ceremonija kojoj sam stvarno prisustvovala 2009.
08:47
where the Internet Society of China presented awards
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kada je Internetsko društvo Kine dodijelilo nagrade
08:50
to the top 20 Chinese companies
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dvadeset najvećih kineskih kompanija
08:53
that are best at exercising self-discipline --
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koje su najbolje pri provođenju samodiscipline --
08:56
i.e. policing their content.
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to jest, nadzora sadržaja.
08:58
And Robin Li, CEO of Baidu,
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I Robin Li, direktor Baidua,
09:01
China's dominant search engine,
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najpoznatije kineske tražilice,
09:03
was one of the recipients.
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bio je jedan od dobitnika.
09:06
In Russia, they do not generally block the Internet
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U Rusiji većinom ne blokiraju Internet
09:10
and directly censor websites.
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i direktno cenzuriraju stranice.
09:12
But this is a website called Rospil
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Ali ovo je stranica zvana Rospil
09:14
that's an anti-corruption site.
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to je anti-korupcijska stranica.
09:16
And earlier this year,
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I ranije ove godine,
09:18
there was a troubling incident
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dogodio se uznemirujući incident
09:20
where people who had made donations to Rospil
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gdje su ljudi koji su donirali Rospilu
09:23
through a payments processing system
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kroz sustav za naplatu
09:25
called Yandex Money
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zvan Yandex Money
09:27
suddenly received threatening phone calls
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iznenada primali prijeteće pozive
09:29
from members of a nationalist party
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od članova nacionalističke stranke
09:32
who had obtained details
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koji su pribavili detalje
09:34
about donors to Rospil
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o donatorima Rospilu
09:37
through members of the security services
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preko članova služba sigurnosti
09:39
who had somehow obtained this information
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koji su nekako pribavili ove informacije
09:42
from people at Yandex Money.
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od ljudi iz Yandex Moneya.
09:45
This has a chilling effect
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Ovo ima loš utjecaj
09:47
on people's ability to use the Internet
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na sposobnost ljudi da koriste Internet
09:49
to hold government accountable.
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kako bi vladu držali odgovornom.
09:52
So we have a situation in the world today
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Tako da danas u svijetu imamo situaciju
09:54
where in more and more countries
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da se u sve više i više zemalja
09:56
the relationship between citizens and governments
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odnosu između građana i vlada
09:59
is mediated through the Internet,
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posreduje preko Interneta,
10:02
which is comprised primarily
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koji je sastavljen primarno
10:04
of privately owned and operated services.
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od usluga koje su u privatnom vlasništvu.
10:08
So the important question, I think,
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Pa ja mislim da važno pitanje,
10:10
is not this debate over whether the Internet
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nije ova rasprava oko toga hoće li Internet
10:12
is going to help the good guys more than the bad guys.
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više pomoći dobrim momcima nego lošim.
10:15
Of course, it's going to empower
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Naravno da će dati moć
10:17
whoever is most skilled at using the technology
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onome tko zna najbolje koristiti tehnologiju
10:20
and best understands the Internet
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i bolje razumije Internet
10:22
in comparison with whoever their adversary is.
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u odnosu na svoje protivnike, tko god oni bili.
10:25
The most urgent question we need to be asking today
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Najhitnije pitanje koje trebamo pitati danas
10:28
is how do we make sure
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je kako osigurati
10:30
that the Internet evolves
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da Internet evoluira
10:32
in a citizen-centric manner.
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na način koji je usredotočen na građane.
10:35
Because I think all of you will agree
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Jer mislim da ćete se svi složiti
10:37
that the only legitimate purpose of government
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kako je jedina legitimna svrha vlade
10:40
is to serve citizens,
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da služi svojim građanima,
10:42
and I would argue
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i smatram
10:44
that the only legitimate purpose of technology
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kako je jedina legitimna svrha tehnologije
10:46
is to improve our lives,
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da unaprijedi naše živote,
10:48
not to manipulate or enslave us.
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a ne da nama manipulira ili nas porobi.
10:53
So the question is,
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Dakle, pitanje je,
10:55
we know how to hold government accountable.
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kako držati vladu odgovornom.
10:57
We don't necessarily always do it very well,
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Ne radimo to uvijek jako dobro,
10:59
but we have a sense of what the models are,
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ali imamo osjećaj koji su modeli
11:02
politically and institutionally, to do that.
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za to, politički i institucijski.
11:04
How do you hold the sovereigns of cyberspace
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Kako da sloboda cyberprostora
11:06
accountable to the public interest
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bude odgovorna javnim interesima
11:08
when most CEO's argue
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kada većina izvršnih menadžera tvrdi
11:10
that their main obligation
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kako je njihova jedina obveza
11:12
is to maximize shareholder profit?
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maksimizirati profit dioničara?
11:14
And government regulation
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I vladina regulacija
11:16
often isn't helping all that much.
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često baš i ne pomaže.
11:18
You have situations, for instance, in France
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Imamo situacije, na primjer, u Francuskoj
11:20
where president Sarkozy
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gdje predsjednik Sarkozy
11:22
tells the CEO's of Internet companies,
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govori direktorima internetskih kompanija,
11:24
"We're the only legitimate representatives
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"Mi smo jedini legitimni predstavnici
11:26
of the public interest."
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javnog interesa."
11:28
But then he goes and champions laws
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A onda podupire zakone
11:30
like the infamous "three-strikes" law
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poput zloglasnog "tri prijestupa" zakona
11:32
that would disconnect citizens from the Internet
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koji građane odspaja sa Interneta
11:34
for file sharing,
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za dijeljenje datoteka,
11:36
which has been condemned by the U.N. Special Rapporteur
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kojeg je osudio UN-ov specijalni izvjestitelj
11:39
on Freedom of Expression
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o slobodi govora
11:41
as being a disproportionate violation
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kao neproporcionalno kršenje
11:44
of citizens' right to communications,
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prava na komunikaciju građana,
11:46
and has raised questions amongst civil society groups
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i pokrenuo pitanja među građanskim grupama
11:49
about whether
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o tome zanima li
11:51
some political representatives
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neke političke predstavnike
11:53
are more interested in preserving
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više očuvanje
11:55
the interests of the entertainment industry
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interesa industrije zabave
11:58
than they are in defending the rights of their citizens.
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nego obrana prava svojih građana.
12:00
And here in the United Kingdom
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I ovdje u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu
12:02
there's also concern over
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također postoji zabrinutnost zbog
12:04
a law called the Digital Economy Act
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zakona zvanog "Digital Economy Act"
12:06
that's placing more onus
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koji stavlja teret
12:08
on private intermediaries
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na privatne posrednike
12:10
to police citizen behavior.
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da nadgledaju ponašanje građana.
12:14
So what we need to recognize
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Ono što mi moramo shvatiti
12:16
is that if we want to have
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jest da ako želimo u budućnosti imati
12:18
a citizen-centric Internet in the future,
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Intenet usredotočen na građane,
12:21
we need a broader and more sustained
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Trebamo širok i kontinuiran
12:23
Internet freedom movement.
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pokret za slobodu Interneta.
12:25
After all, companies didn't stop polluting groundwater
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Na kraju, kompanije nisu prestale zagađivati vode
12:28
as a matter of course,
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samo zato,
12:31
or employing 10-year-olds as a matter of course,
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ili zapošljavati desetogodišnjake samo zato
12:33
just because executives woke up one day
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što su se vlasnici jednog dana probudili
12:35
and decided it was the right thing to do.
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i odlučili da je to ispravno.
12:38
It was the result of decades of sustained activism,
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To je bio rezultat nekoliko desetljeća kontinuiranog aktivizma,
12:40
shareholder advocacy
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zagovaranja dioničara
12:42
and consumer advocacy.
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i zagovaranja potrošača.
12:44
Similarly, governments don't enact
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Slično tome, vlade ne donose
12:48
intelligent environmental and labor laws
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inteligentne zakone o radu ili zaštiti okoliša
12:51
just because politicians wake up one day.
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samo zato što je to političarima odjednom sinulo.
12:54
It's the result of very sustained and prolonged
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Oni su rezultat vrlo dugog i kontinuiranog
12:56
political activism
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političkog aktivizma
12:58
that you get the right regulations,
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kako bi se postigle ispravne regulacije,
13:00
and that you get the right corporate behavior.
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i ispravno ponašanje korporacija.
13:02
We need to make the same approach
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Trebamo isti takav pristup
13:04
with the Internet.
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i za Internet.
13:06
We also are going to need
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Isto tako trebat ćemo i
13:08
political innovation.
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političku inovativnost.
13:10
Eight hundred years ago, approximately,
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Prije otprilike 800 godina,
13:13
the barons of England decided
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engleski baruni su odlučili
13:15
that the Divine Right of Kings
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da božanska prava kraljeva
13:17
was no longer working for them so well,
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njima više ne odgovaraju,
13:20
and they forced King John
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i natjerali su kralja Johna
13:22
to sign the Magna Carta,
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na potpisivanje Magna Carte,
13:25
which recognized
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koja kaže
13:27
that even the king
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da se čak i kralj,
13:29
who claimed to have divine rule
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koji je tvrdio da ima božansku vlast
13:32
still had to abide by a basic set of rules.
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mora držati nekog osnovnog seta pravila.
13:35
This set off a cycle
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Ovo je pokrenulo ciklus
13:38
of what we can call political innovation,
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koji možemo nazvati politička inovativnost,
13:40
which led eventually to the idea of consent of the governed --
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koja je konačno dovela do ideje o suglasnosti vladanih --
13:43
which was implemented for the first time
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koju je prvi puta implementirala
13:46
by that radical revolutionary government
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radikalna revolucionarna vlada
13:49
in America across the pond.
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u Americi preko bare.
13:52
So now we need to figure out
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Sada trebamo shvatiti
13:55
how to build consent of the networked.
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kako izgraditi suglasnost umreženih.
13:57
And what does that look like?
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I kako to uopće izgleda?
13:59
At the moment, we still don't know.
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Trenutno još uvijek ne znamo.
14:02
But it's going to require innovation
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Ali zahtijevati će inovaciju
14:06
that's not only going to need
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koja će se morati
14:09
to focus on politics,
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fokusirati ne samo na politiku,
14:11
on geopolitics,
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na geopolitiku,
14:13
but it's also going to need
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već će isto tako morati
14:15
to deal with questions
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odgovoriti na pitanja
14:18
of business management, investor behavior,
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poslovnog menadžmenta, ponašanja investitora,
14:21
consumer choice
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izbora potrošača,
14:23
and even software design and engineering.
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i čak i dizajna softvera i inženjeringa.
14:27
Each and every one of us has a vital part to play
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Svatko od nas će igrati bitnu ulogu
14:30
in building the kind of world
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u izgradnji svijeta
14:33
in which government and technology
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u kojem vlada i tehnologija
14:36
serve the world's people and not the other way around.
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služe ljudima svijeta, a ne obrnuto.
14:39
Thank you very much.
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Puno hvala.
14:41
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca MacKinnon - Internet freedom activistRebecca MacKinnon looks at issues of free expression, governance and democracy (or lack of) in the digital networks, platforms and services on which we are all more and more dependent.
Why you should listen
Rebecca MacKinnon is the director of the Ranking Digital Rights project at New America, which recently released its inaugural Corporate Accountability Index, ranking 16 Internet and telecommunications companies on their commitments, policies and practices affecting users’ freedom of expression and privacy. (An expanded Index will be released in 2017.) She is the author of Consent of the Networked, a book investigating the future of liberty in the Internet age, and has been engaging in the debate about how to fight global terrorism while keeping a free and open Internet. A former head of CNN's Beijing and Tokyo bureaus, MacKinnon is an expert on Chinese Internet censorship and is one of the founders (with Ethan Zuckerman) of the Global Voices Online blog network.
Rebecca MacKinnon | Speaker | TED.com