TEDSummit 2019
Nick Hanauer: The dirty secret of capitalism -- and a new way forward
Nick Hanauer: Prljava tajna kapitalizma - i novi put naprijed
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Sve veća nejednakost i rastuća politička nestabilnost izravni su rezultat loše ekonomske teorije koja vlada već više desetljeća, kaže poduzetnik Nick Hanauer. U svom vizionarskom govoru, on demontira mantru da je "pohlepa dobra" -- ideju koju opisuje ne samo kao moralno korozivnu, već i znanstveno netočnu -- i izlaže novu teoriju ekonomije koju pokreću uzajamnost i suradnja.
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, author
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I am a capitalist,
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Ja sam kapitalist
00:17
and after a 30-year career in capitalism
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i nakon tridesetogodišnje karijere
u kapitalizmu
u kapitalizmu
00:20
spanning three dozen companies,
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koja obuhvaća preko trideset kompanija,
00:22
generating tens of billions
of dollars in market value,
of dollars in market value,
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generirajući tržišnu vrijednost od
desetina milijardi dolara,
desetina milijardi dolara,
00:26
I'm not just in the top one percent,
I'm in the top .01 percent of all earners.
I'm in the top .01 percent of all earners.
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ne samo da sam u gornjih jedan posto,
ja sam u gornjih 0,01 posto
ja sam u gornjih 0,01 posto
svih onih koji zarađuju.
00:33
Today, I have come
to share the secrets of our success,
to share the secrets of our success,
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Danas sam došao podijeliti
tajne našeg uspjeha
tajne našeg uspjeha
00:36
because rich capitalists like me
have never been richer.
have never been richer.
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jer bogati kapitalisti poput mene
nikada nisu bili bogatiji.
nikada nisu bili bogatiji.
00:40
So the question is, how do we do it?
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Dakle, pitanje je, kako mi to radimo?
00:44
How do we manage to grab
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Kako uspijevamo prigrabiti
00:45
an ever-increasing share
of the economic pie every year?
of the economic pie every year?
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sve veći dio ekonomskog kolača
svake godine?
svake godine?
00:50
Is it that rich people are smarter
than we were 30 years ago?
than we were 30 years ago?
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Jesu li bogati ljudi pametniji
no što smo mi bili prije 30 godina?
no što smo mi bili prije 30 godina?
00:55
Is it that we're working harder
than we once did?
than we once did?
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Radimo li mi napornije no što smo prije?
00:59
Are we taller, better looking?
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Jesmo li viši, ljepši?
01:03
Sadly, no.
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Nažalost, ne.
01:05
It all comes down to just one thing:
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Sve se to svodi na samo jednu stvar:
01:08
economics.
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ekonomiju.
01:10
Because, here's the dirty secret.
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Jer u ovome je prljava tajna:
postojalo je vrijeme
u kojem je ekonomska profesija
u kojem je ekonomska profesija
01:12
There was a time
in which the economics profession
in which the economics profession
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radila u javnom interesu, za sve,
01:15
worked in the public interest,
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01:16
but in the neoliberal era,
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ali u neoliberalnoj eri,
01:18
today,
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danas,
01:20
they work only for big corporations
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oni rade samo za velike korporacije
01:22
and billionaires,
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i milijardere,
01:24
and that is creating
a little bit of a problem.
a little bit of a problem.
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i to stvara mali problem.
01:27
We could choose to enact economic policies
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Mogli bismo se odlučiti
za provođenje ekonomskih politika
za provođenje ekonomskih politika
01:31
that raise taxes on the rich,
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kojima se povećavaju porezi za bogate,
01:34
regulate powerful corporations
or raise wages for workers.
or raise wages for workers.
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reguliraju moćne korporacije
ili povećavaju plaće radnicima.
ili povećavaju plaće radnicima.
01:38
We have done it before.
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To smo već radili.
01:39
But neoliberal economists would warn
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Ali neoliberalni ekonomist bi upozorio
01:42
that all of these policies
would be a terrible mistake,
would be a terrible mistake,
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da bi sve takve mjere bile užasna greška
01:46
because raising taxes
always kills economic growth,
always kills economic growth,
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jer povećanje poreza
uvijek ubija ekonomski rast,
uvijek ubija ekonomski rast,
01:50
and any form of government regulation
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a bilo koji oblik vladine regulacije
01:52
is inefficient,
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je neučinkovit,
01:54
and raising wages always kills jobs.
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a povećanje plaća uvijek ubija poslove.
01:57
Well, as a consequence of that thinking,
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Kao posljedica takvog razmišljanja,
02:00
over the last 30 years, in the USA alone,
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tijekom proteklih 30 godina,
samo u Sjedinjenim Državama,
samo u Sjedinjenim Državama,
02:04
the top one percent has grown
21 trillion dollars richer
21 trillion dollars richer
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gornjih jedan posto postalo je
bogatije za 21 bilijun dolara,
bogatije za 21 bilijun dolara,
02:09
while the bottom 50 percent
have grown 900 billion dollars poorer,
have grown 900 billion dollars poorer,
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dok je donjih 50 posto postalo
siromašnije za 900 milijardi dolara,
siromašnije za 900 milijardi dolara,
02:14
a pattern of widening inequality
that has largely repeated itself
that has largely repeated itself
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obrazac rastuće nejednakosti
koji se u velikoj mjeri ponavlja
koji se u velikoj mjeri ponavlja
02:18
across the world.
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diljem svijeta.
02:19
And yet, as middle class families
struggle to get by
struggle to get by
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A ipak, dok se obitelji srednje klase
bore za preživljavanje
bore za preživljavanje
02:24
on wages that have not budged
in about 40 years,
in about 40 years,
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s plaćama koje se nisu pomakle
otprilike 40 godina,
otprilike 40 godina,
02:28
neoliberal economists continue to warn
that the only reasonable response
that the only reasonable response
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neoliberalni ekonomisti i dalje
upozoravaju da je jedini razuman odgovor
upozoravaju da je jedini razuman odgovor
02:32
to the painful dislocations
of austerity and globalization
of austerity and globalization
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na bolne poremećaje uzrokovane
štednjom i globalizacijom,
štednjom i globalizacijom,
02:36
is even more austerity and globalization.
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još više štednje i globalizacije.
02:40
So, what is a society to do?
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Pa što da radi društvo?
02:44
Well, it's super clear to me
what we need to do.
what we need to do.
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Meni je savršeno jasno
što bismo trebali činiti.
što bismo trebali činiti.
02:47
We need a new economics.
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Potrebna nam je nova ekonomija.
02:51
So, economics has been described
as the dismal science,
as the dismal science,
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Dakle, ekonomija se opisuje
kao turobna znanost,
kao turobna znanost,
02:55
and for good reason,
because as much as it is taught today,
because as much as it is taught today,
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i to ne bez razloga,
jer kako se danas predaje,
jer kako se danas predaje,
02:58
it isn't a science at all,
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to uopće nije znanost,
03:00
in spite of all
of the dazzling mathematics.
of the dazzling mathematics.
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unatoč svoj blistavoj matematici.
03:03
In fact, a growing number
of academics and practitioners
of academics and practitioners
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Ustvari, sve veći broj
akademika i praktičara
akademika i praktičara
03:06
have concluded that neoliberal
economic theory is dangerously wrong
economic theory is dangerously wrong
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zaključilo je da je neoliberalna ekonomija
opasno pogrešna
opasno pogrešna
03:12
and that today's growing crises
of rising inequality
of rising inequality
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i da su današnja rastuća kriza
sve veće nejednakosti
sve veće nejednakosti
03:16
and growing political instability
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i rastuća politička nestabilnost
03:17
are the direct result
of decades of bad economic theory.
of decades of bad economic theory.
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direktna posljedica više desetljeća
loše ekonomske teorije.
loše ekonomske teorije.
03:23
What we now know is that the economics
that made me so rich isn't just wrong,
that made me so rich isn't just wrong,
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Ono što danas znamo je da ekonomija
koja je mene učinila tako bogatim
koja je mene učinila tako bogatim
nije samo pogrešna, ona je naopaka
03:29
it's backwards,
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03:31
because it turns out
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jer se pokazuje
03:33
it isn't capital
that creates economic growth,
that creates economic growth,
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da nije kapital taj
koji stvara ekonomski rast,
koji stvara ekonomski rast,
03:36
it's people;
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to su ljudi;
03:39
and it isn't self-interest
that promotes the public good,
that promotes the public good,
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i nije samoljublje ono
što promiče javno dobro,
što promiče javno dobro,
03:44
it's reciprocity;
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to je reciprocitet;
03:46
and it isn't competition
that produces our prosperity,
that produces our prosperity,
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i nije natjecanje to
što proizvodi naš napredak,
što proizvodi naš napredak,
03:50
it's cooperation.
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to je suradnja.
03:53
What we can now see is that an economics
that is neither just nor inclusive
that is neither just nor inclusive
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Danas možemo vidjeti da ekonomija,
koja nije ni pravedna niti uključiva,
koja nije ni pravedna niti uključiva,
03:58
can never sustain the high levels
of social cooperation
of social cooperation
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nikada ne može održati
visoku razinu društvene suradnje
visoku razinu društvene suradnje
04:02
necessary to enable
a modern society to thrive.
a modern society to thrive.
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nužne za procvat modernog društva.
04:05
So where did we go wrong?
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Pa gdje smo pogriješili?
04:09
Well, it turns out
that it's become painfully obvious
that it's become painfully obvious
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Pokazuje se da je postalo bolno očito
04:13
that the fundamental assumptions
that undergird neoliberal economic theory
that undergird neoliberal economic theory
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da su temeljne pretpostavke koje podupiru
neoliberalnu ekonomsku teoriju
neoliberalnu ekonomsku teoriju
04:19
are just objectively false,
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jednostavno objektivno netočne.
04:22
and so today first I want to take you
through some of those mistaken assumptions
through some of those mistaken assumptions
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Stoga bih vas danas prvo želio provesti
kroz neke od tih pogrešnih pretpostavki
kroz neke od tih pogrešnih pretpostavki
04:26
and then after describe where the science
suggests prosperity actually comes from.
suggests prosperity actually comes from.
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i nakon toga opisati odakle napredak
zapravo dolazi, po viđenju znanosti.
zapravo dolazi, po viđenju znanosti.
04:33
So, neoliberal economic
assumption number one is
assumption number one is
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Dakle, prva neoliberalna
ekonomska pretpostavka je
ekonomska pretpostavka je
04:37
that the market is
an efficient equilibrium system,
an efficient equilibrium system,
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da je tržište učinkoviti
ravnotežni sustav,
ravnotežni sustav,
04:42
which basically means that if one thing
in the economy, like wages, goes up,
in the economy, like wages, goes up,
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što u osnovi znači da ako jedna stvar
u ekonomiji, poput plaća, raste,
u ekonomiji, poput plaća, raste,
04:48
another thing in the economy,
like jobs, must go down.
like jobs, must go down.
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druga stvar u ekonomiji,
poput poslova, mora opadati.
poput poslova, mora opadati.
04:53
So for example, in Seattle, where I live,
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Tako, na primjer, u Seattlu,
gdje ja živim,
gdje ja živim,
04:56
when in 2014 we passed
our nation's first 15 dollar minimum wage,
our nation's first 15 dollar minimum wage,
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kad smo 2014. godine prvi u zemlji uveli
minimalnu satnicu od 15 dolara,
minimalnu satnicu od 15 dolara,
05:02
the neoliberals freaked out
over their precious equilibrium.
over their precious equilibrium.
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neoliberali su se izbezumili
zbog svoje dragocjene ravnoteže.
zbog svoje dragocjene ravnoteže.
05:07
"If you raise the price
of labor," they warned,
of labor," they warned,
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"Ako podignete cijenu rada," upozorili su,
05:10
"businesses will purchase less of it.
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"biznis će ga manje kupovati.
05:12
Thousands of low-wage workers
will lose their jobs.
will lose their jobs.
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Tisuće nisko plaćenih radnika
izgubit će posao.
izgubit će posao.
05:14
The restaurants will close."
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Restorani će se zatvoriti."
05:16
Except ...
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Osim ...
05:19
they didn't.
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što se nisu.
05:20
The unemployment rate fell dramatically.
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Stopa nezaposlenosti dramatično je pala.
05:25
The restaurant business in Seattle boomed.
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Ugostiteljski biznis u Seattlu je procvao.
05:28
Why?
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Zašto?
05:30
Because there is no equilibrium.
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Zato jer ne postoji ravnoteža.
05:33
Because raising wages
doesn't kill jobs, it creates them;
doesn't kill jobs, it creates them;
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Jer povišenje plaća ne ubija poslove,
već ih stvara;
već ih stvara;
05:36
because, for instance,
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jer, na primjer,
05:38
when restaurant owners are suddenly
required to pay restaurant workers enough
required to pay restaurant workers enough
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kad se od vlasnika restorana odjednom
zahtijeva da dovoljno plaćaju svoje radnike,
zahtijeva da dovoljno plaćaju svoje radnike,
05:43
so that now even they
can afford to eat in restaurants,
can afford to eat in restaurants,
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tako da si sada čak i radnici mogu
priuštiti da jedu u restoranima,
priuštiti da jedu u restoranima,
05:47
it doesn't shrink the restaurant business,
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time se ne smanjuje posao restorana,
05:49
it grows it, obviously.
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povećava se, očito.
05:53
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
05:54
Thank you.
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Hvala.
05:58
The second assumption is
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Druga pretpostavka je
06:01
that the price of something
is always equal to its value,
is always equal to its value,
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da je cijena nečega uvijek jednaka
vrijednosti toga,
vrijednosti toga,
06:06
which basically means
that if you earn 50,000 dollars a year
that if you earn 50,000 dollars a year
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što u osnovi znači da ako
vi zaradite 50 tisuća dolara godišnje,
vi zaradite 50 tisuća dolara godišnje,
06:10
and I earn 50 million dollars a year,
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a ja zaradim 50 milijuna dolara godišnje,
06:13
that's because I produce
a thousand times as much value as you.
a thousand times as much value as you.
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to je zato jer ja proizvodim
tisuću puta veću vrijednost od vas.
tisuću puta veću vrijednost od vas.
06:18
Now,
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Sada,
06:20
it will not surprise you to learn
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neće vas iznenaditi da čujete
06:23
that this is a very comforting assumption
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da je to vrlo ohrabrujuća pretpostavka
ako ste direktor koji sebi
isplaćuje 50 milijuna dolara godišnje,
isplaćuje 50 milijuna dolara godišnje,
06:25
if you're a CEO paying yourself
50 million dollars a year
50 million dollars a year
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06:28
but paying your workers poverty wages.
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a svojim radnicima plaća
minimalni dohodak.
minimalni dohodak.
06:31
But please, take it from somebody
who has run dozens of businesses:
who has run dozens of businesses:
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No, molim vas, vjerujte nekome
tko je vodio desetine firmi:
tko je vodio desetine firmi:
06:35
this is nonsense.
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to je besmislica.
06:38
People are not paid what they are worth.
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Ljudi nisu plaćeni koliko vrijede.
06:40
They are paid what they have
the power to negotiate,
the power to negotiate,
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Plaćeni su onoliko koliko
uspiju postići pregovaranjem.
uspiju postići pregovaranjem.
A smanjenje dijela BDP-a
koji se odnosi na plaće
koji se odnosi na plaće
06:43
and wages' falling share of GDP
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06:46
is not because workers
have become less productive
have become less productive
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ne događa se zato jer su radnici
postali manje produktivni,
postali manje produktivni,
06:50
but because employers
have become more powerful.
have become more powerful.
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već zato jer su poslodavci
postali moćniji.
postali moćniji.
06:54
And --
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I --
06:55
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:59
And by pretending that the giant imbalance
in power between capital and labor
in power between capital and labor
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A pretvarajući se da ogromna neravnoteža
između snaga kapitala i rada
između snaga kapitala i rada
ne postoji,
07:04
doesn't exist,
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07:06
neoliberal economic theory
became essentially
became essentially
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neoliberalna ekonomska teorija
postala je u suštini
postala je u suštini
07:10
a protection racket for the rich.
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zaštitni reket za bogate.
07:13
The third assumption,
and by far the most pernicious,
and by far the most pernicious,
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Treća pretpostavka,
i daleko najopasnija,
i daleko najopasnija,
je bihevioristički model
07:16
is a behavioral model
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07:17
that describes human beings
as something called "homo economicus,"
as something called "homo economicus,"
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koji ljudska bića opisuje kao nešto
zvano "homo economicus",
zvano "homo economicus",
07:21
which basically means
that we are all perfectly selfish,
that we are all perfectly selfish,
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što u osnovi znači da smo svi mi
savršeno sebični,
savršeno sebični,
07:26
perfectly rational
and relentlessly self-maximizing.
and relentlessly self-maximizing.
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savršeno racionalni i neumoljivo usmjereni
na povećanje vlastitog profita.
na povećanje vlastitog profita.
07:31
But just ask yourselves,
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No, samo se upitajte,
07:33
is it plausible that every single time
for your entire life,
for your entire life,
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je li moguće da je baš svaki puta
tijekom cijelog svog života,
tijekom cijelog svog života,
07:37
when you did something
nice for somebody else,
nice for somebody else,
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kada ste nekome učinili nešto lijepo,
07:39
all you were doing
was maximizing your own utility?
was maximizing your own utility?
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bilo to samo radi maksimiziranja
vlastite koristi?
vlastite koristi?
07:42
Is it plausible that when a soldier jumps
on a grenade to defend fellow soldiers,
on a grenade to defend fellow soldiers,
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Je li moguće da kada vojnik skače na
granatu da bi obranio svoje suborce,
granatu da bi obranio svoje suborce,
07:46
they're just promoting
their narrow self-interest?
their narrow self-interest?
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on samo promiče svoje usko samoljublje?
07:49
If you think that's nuts,
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Ako mislite da je to ludost,
07:51
contrary to any reasonable
moral intuition,
moral intuition,
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suprotno svakoj razumnoj
moralnoj intuiciji,
moralnoj intuiciji,
07:54
that's because it is
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to je zato jer to,
07:56
and, according to the latest science,
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prema najnovijoj znanosti,
07:58
not true.
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nije istina.
07:59
But it is this behavioral model
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No to je bihevioralni model
08:02
which is at the cold, cruel heart
of neoliberal economics,
of neoliberal economics,
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koji je u hladnom, okrutnom srcu
neoliberalne ekonomije
neoliberalne ekonomije
08:05
and it is as morally corrosive
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i on je jednako moralno korozivan
08:09
as it is scientifically wrong
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koliko je i znanstveno netočan
08:11
because, if we accept at face value
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jer, ako prihvatimo kao neupitno
08:16
that humans are fundamentally selfish,
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da su ljudi u suštini sebični,
08:19
and then we look around the world
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i pogledamo naokolo po svijetu
08:22
at all of the unambiguous
prosperity in it,
prosperity in it,
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na sav nedvosmislen napredak u njemu,
08:26
then it follows logically,
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onda logički slijedi
08:28
then it must be true by definition,
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da to mora biti istina po definiciji,
08:30
that billions of individual
acts of selfishness
acts of selfishness
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da se milijuni pojedinačnih
nesebičnih djela
nesebičnih djela
08:34
magically transubstantiate
into prosperity and the common good.
into prosperity and the common good.
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nekim čudom preobražavaju
u napredak i zajedničko dobro.
u napredak i zajedničko dobro.
08:38
If we humans are merely
selfish maximizers,
selfish maximizers,
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Ako smo mi ljudi
tek sebični maksimizatori,
tek sebični maksimizatori,
08:41
then selfishness
is the cause of our prosperity.
is the cause of our prosperity.
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onda je sebičnost uzrok našeg napretka.
08:46
Under this economic logic,
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Po toj ekonomskoj logici,
08:48
greed is good,
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1957
pohlepa je dobra,
08:51
widening inequality is efficient,
155
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2351
povećanje nejednakosti je efikasno,
08:54
and the only purpose of the corporation
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a jedina svrha korporacije
08:56
can be to enrich shareholders,
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može biti bogaćenje dioničara,
08:58
because to do otherwise
would be to slow economic growth
would be to slow economic growth
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3101
jer raditi drugačije značilo bi
usporavanje ekonomskog rasta
usporavanje ekonomskog rasta
09:02
and harm the economy overall.
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i nanošenje štete cjelokupnoj ekonomiji.
09:05
And it is this gospel of selfishness
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I upravo je to evanđelje sebičnosti
09:08
which forms the ideological cornerstone
of neoliberal economics,
of neoliberal economics,
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ono što čini ideološki kamen temeljac
neoliberalne ekonomije,
neoliberalne ekonomije,
09:13
a way of thinking
which has produced economic policies
which has produced economic policies
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način razmišljanja koji je proizveo
ekonomsku politiku,
ekonomsku politiku,
09:16
which have enabled me and my rich buddies
in the top one percent
in the top one percent
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koja je omogućila meni i mojim
bogatim prijateljima u gornjih jedan posto
bogatim prijateljima u gornjih jedan posto
09:20
to grab virtually all of the benefits
of growth over the last 40 years.
of growth over the last 40 years.
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da ugrabimo praktički sve beneficije
rasta tijekom zadnjih 40 godina.
rasta tijekom zadnjih 40 godina.
09:25
But,
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Ali,
09:26
if instead
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ako umjesto toga
09:29
we accept the latest empirical research,
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prihvatimo najnovije
empiričko istraživanje,
empiričko istraživanje,
09:32
real science, which correctly
describes human beings
describes human beings
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stvarnu znanost, koje ispravno
ljudska bića opisuje
ljudska bića opisuje
09:36
as highly cooperative,
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kao visoko kooperativna,
09:39
reciprocal
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recipročna
09:40
and intuitively moral creatures,
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i intuitivno moralna stvorenja,
09:43
then it follows logically
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2642
onda iz toga logički slijedi
09:46
that it must be cooperation
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da mora da je suradnja,
09:48
and not selfishness
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a ne sebičnost,
09:50
that is the cause of our prosperity,
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uzrok našeg napretka
09:52
and it isn't our self-interest
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2351
i nije naše samoljublje,
09:54
but rather our inherent reciprocity
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već prije naša urođena uzajamnost,
09:58
that is humanity's economic superpower.
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ono u čemu je ekonomska
super-snaga čovječanstva.
super-snaga čovječanstva.
10:01
So at the heart of this new economics
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U srcu te nove ekonomije
10:06
is a story about ourselves that grants us
permission to be our best selves,
permission to be our best selves,
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je priča o nama koja nam daje dozvolu
da budemo najbolji što možemo biti,
da budemo najbolji što možemo biti,
10:11
and, unlike the old economics,
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i, za razliku od stare ekonomije,
10:14
this is a story that is virtuous
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to je priča koja je čestita
10:16
and also has the virtue of being true.
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i također ima tu vrlinu da je istinita.
10:21
Now,
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Sada,
10:22
I want to emphasize
that this new economics
that this new economics
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želim naglasiti da ta nova ekonomija
10:25
is not something I have personally
imagined or invented.
imagined or invented.
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nije nešto što sam ja osobno
smislio ili izumio.
smislio ili izumio.
10:27
Its theories and models
are being developed and refined
are being developed and refined
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Ta teorija i modeli
razvijani su i razrađivani
razvijani su i razrađivani
10:30
in universities around the world
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2018
na sveučilištima diljem svijeta,
10:32
building on some of the best
new research in economics,
new research in economics,
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3309
nadograđujući se na neke od najboljih
istraživanja u ekonomiji,
istraživanja u ekonomiji,
10:36
complexity theory, evolutionary theory,
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teoriji složenosti, teoriji evolucije,
10:37
psychology, anthropology
and other disciplines.
and other disciplines.
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3101
psihologiji, antropologiji
i drugim disciplinama.
i drugim disciplinama.
10:41
And although this new economics
does not yet have its own textbook
does not yet have its own textbook
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629042
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Pa iako ta nova ekonomija
još uvijek nema svoj udžbenik,
još uvijek nema svoj udžbenik,
10:45
or even a commonly agreed upon name,
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čak ni zajednički prihvaćeno ime,
10:48
in broad strokes
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2018
u širokim potezima
10:50
its explanation of where prosperity
comes from goes something like this.
comes from goes something like this.
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4166
njeno objašnjenje o tome odakle dolazi
napredak, ide otprilike ovako:
napredak, ide otprilike ovako:
10:55
So, market capitalism
is an evolutionary system
is an evolutionary system
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dakle, tržišni kapitalizam
je evolucijski sustav
je evolucijski sustav
11:00
in which prosperity emerges
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2434
u kojem se napredak pojavljuje
11:02
through a positive feedback loop
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kroz pozitivnu povratnu spregu
11:04
between increasing amounts of innovation
and increasing amounts of consumer demand.
and increasing amounts of consumer demand.
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rastuće količine inovacija
i rastuće količine potražnje potrošača.
i rastuće količine potražnje potrošača.
11:09
Innovation is the process
by which we solve human problems,
by which we solve human problems,
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4625
Inovacija je proces kojim rješavamo
ljudske probleme,
ljudske probleme,
11:14
consumer demand is the mechanism
through which the market selects
through which the market selects
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662583
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potražnja potrošača je mehanizam
putem koje tržište odabire
putem koje tržište odabire
11:17
for useful innovations,
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korisne inovacije,
11:20
and as we solve more problems,
we become more prosperous.
we become more prosperous.
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3226
i rješavajući sve više problema
mi postajemo sve napredniji.
mi postajemo sve napredniji.
11:23
But as we become more prosperous,
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No, kako postajemo sve napredniji,
11:27
our problems and solutions
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naši problemi i rješenja
11:29
become more complex,
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postaju složeniji,
11:32
and this increasing technical complexity
207
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3143
a ta rastuća tehnička složenost
11:35
requires ever higher levels
of social and economic cooperation
of social and economic cooperation
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4518
zahtijeva sve veći stupanj
društvene i ekonomske kooperacije
društvene i ekonomske kooperacije
11:39
in order to produce
the more highly specialized products
the more highly specialized products
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687917
2892
kako bi se proizvelo više
visoko specijaliziranih proizvoda
visoko specijaliziranih proizvoda
11:42
that define a modern economy.
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4292
koji definiraju modernu ekonomiju.
11:48
Now, the old economics
is correct, of course,
is correct, of course,
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4684
Međutim, stara ekonomija
je u pravu, naravno,
je u pravu, naravno,
11:52
that competition plays a crucial role
in how markets work,
in how markets work,
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natjecanje igra ključnu ulogu
u funkcioniranju tržišta,
u funkcioniranju tržišta,
11:56
but what it fails to see
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ali ono što propušta uvidjeti
11:58
is that it is largely a competition
between highly cooperative groups --
between highly cooperative groups --
214
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4685
je da je to uglavnom natjecanje između
visoko kooperativnih grupa --
visoko kooperativnih grupa --
12:03
competition between firms,
competition between networks of firms,
competition between networks of firms,
215
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natjecanje između poduzeća,
natjecanje između mreža poduzeća,
natjecanje između mreža poduzeća,
12:07
competition between nations --
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natjecanje između naroda --
12:10
and anyone who has ever run
a successful business knows
a successful business knows
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a svatko tko je ikada vodio
uspješno poslovanje zna
uspješno poslovanje zna
12:14
that building a cooperative team
by including the talents of everyone
by including the talents of everyone
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da je izgradnja kooperativnog tima
uključivanjem talenata svih članova
uključivanjem talenata svih članova
12:19
is almost always a better strategy
than just a bunch of selfish jerks.
than just a bunch of selfish jerks.
219
727792
4416
gotovo uvijek bolja strategija
nego tek gomila sebičnih kretena.
nego tek gomila sebičnih kretena.
12:25
So how do we leave neoliberalism behind
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Pa kako ostaviti neoliberalizam iza sebe
12:32
and build a more sustainable,
more prosperous
more prosperous
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i izgraditi održivije, naprednije
12:37
and more equitable society?
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i pravednije društvo?
12:40
The new economics suggests
just five rules of thumb.
just five rules of thumb.
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Nova ekonomija predlaže
tek pet općih pravila.
tek pet općih pravila.
12:44
First is that successful economies
are not jungles, they're gardens,
are not jungles, they're gardens,
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Prvo, da uspješne ekonomije
nisu džungle, one su vrtovi,
nisu džungle, one su vrtovi,
12:51
which is to say that markets,
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što će reći da tržišta,
12:55
like gardens, must be tended,
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poput vrtova, treba njegovati,
12:59
that the market is the greatest
social technology ever invented
social technology ever invented
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da je tržište najveća društvena
tehnologija ikada izumljena
tehnologija ikada izumljena
13:03
for solving human problems,
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1476
za rješavanje ljudskih problema,
13:05
but unconstrained by social norms
or democratic regulation,
or democratic regulation,
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5185
ali nezauzdana društvenim normama
ili demokratskom regulacijom,
ili demokratskom regulacijom,
13:10
markets inevitably create
more problems than they solve.
more problems than they solve.
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tržišta neizbježno stvaraju više problema
no što ih rješavaju.
no što ih rješavaju.
13:14
Climate change,
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Klimatske promjene
13:15
the great financial crisis of 2008
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1976
i velika financijska kriza 2008. godine
13:17
are two easy examples.
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dva su jednostavna primjera.
13:19
The second rule is
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Drugo pravilo je
13:23
that inclusion creates economic growth.
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da inkluzija stvara ekonomski rast.
13:28
So the neoliberal idea
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Stoga je neoliberalna ideja
13:30
that inclusion is this fancy luxury
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2601
da je inkluzija pomodni luksuz
13:33
to be afforded if and when we have growth
is both wrong and backwards.
is both wrong and backwards.
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4500
koji si možemo priuštiti ako i kada imamo rast,
istovremeno pogrešna i nazadna.
istovremeno pogrešna i nazadna.
13:39
The economy is people.
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Ekonomija su ljudi.
13:42
Including more people in more ways
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Uključivanje više ljudi na više načina
13:44
is what causes economic growth
in market economies.
in market economies.
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4042
jest ono što uzrokuje ekonomski rast
u tržišnim ekonomijama.
u tržišnim ekonomijama.
13:49
The third principle
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2059
Treći princip
13:51
is the purpose of the corporation
is not merely to enrich shareholders.
is not merely to enrich shareholders.
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6185
je da svrha korporacije
nije samo bogaćenje dioničara.
nije samo bogaćenje dioničara.
13:58
The greatest grift
in contemporary economic life
in contemporary economic life
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Najveća prijevara u suvremenom
ekonomskom životu
ekonomskom životu
14:01
is the neoliberal idea that
the only purpose of the corporation
the only purpose of the corporation
245
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je neoliberalna ideja
da je jedina svrha korporacije
da je jedina svrha korporacije
14:04
and the only responsibility of executives
246
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2893
i jedina odgovornost rukovoditelja
14:07
is to enrich themselves and shareholders.
247
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da obogate sebe i dioničare.
14:11
The new economics must and can insist
248
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5435
Nova ekonomija mora i može inzistirati
14:17
that the purpose of the corporation
249
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da je svrha korporacije
14:19
is to improve the welfare
of all stakeholders:
of all stakeholders:
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2892
poboljšanje blagostanja svih sudionika:
14:22
customers, workers,
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2226
klijenata, radnika,
14:24
community and shareholders alike.
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2084
zajednice, kao i dioničara.
14:28
Rule four:
253
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2018
Četvrto pravilo:
14:30
greed is not good.
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pohlepa nije dobra.
14:34
Being rapacious
doesn't make you a capitalist,
doesn't make you a capitalist,
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3768
Biti gramziv ne čini vas kapitalistom,
14:38
it makes you a sociopath.
256
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čini vas sociopatom.
14:40
(Laughter)
257
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(Smijeh)
14:42
(Applause)
258
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(Pljesak)
14:47
And in an economy as dependent
upon cooperation at scale as ours,
upon cooperation at scale as ours,
259
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5184
A u ekonomiji velikoj poput naše
i toliko ovisnoj o suradnji,
i toliko ovisnoj o suradnji,
14:52
sociopathy is as bad for business
as it is for society.
as it is for society.
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sociopatija je loša za posao
kao i za društvo.
kao i za društvo.
14:57
And fifth and finally,
261
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1250
I peto i posljednje,
15:00
unlike the laws of physics,
262
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2417
za razliku od zakona fizike,
15:03
the laws of economics are a choice.
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3542
zakoni ekonomije su izbor.
15:08
Now, neoliberal economic theory
264
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Neoliberalna ekonomska teorija
15:10
has sold itself to you
as unchangeable natural law,
as unchangeable natural law,
265
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vam se prodala kao nepromjenljivi
prirodni zakon,
prirodni zakon,
15:15
when in fact it's social norms
and constructed narratives
and constructed narratives
266
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3892
dok su zapravo njene društvene norme
i iskonstruirani narativi
i iskonstruirani narativi
15:19
based on pseudoscience.
267
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1459
utemeljeni na pseudo-znanosti.
15:21
If we truly want a more equitable,
268
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3517
Ako uistinu želimo pravedniju,
15:25
more prosperous
and more sustainable economy,
and more sustainable economy,
269
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3518
napredniju i održiviju ekonomiju,
15:29
if we want high-functioning democracies
270
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2726
ako želimo dobro
funkcionirajuće demokracije
funkcionirajuće demokracije
15:31
and civil society,
271
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2226
i civilno društvo,
15:34
we must have a new economics.
272
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2000
moramo imati novu ekonomiju.
15:36
And here's the good news:
273
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1976
A evo i dobre vijesti:
15:38
if we want a new economics,
274
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2059
ako želimo novu ekonomiju,
15:40
all we have to do is choose to have it.
275
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sve što moramo učiniti je
odabrati da je imamo.
odabrati da je imamo.
15:44
Thank you.
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Hvala.
15:46
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:03
Moderator: So Nick,
I'm sure you get this question a lot.
I'm sure you get this question a lot.
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3167
Moderator: Nick, sigurna sam da ti često
postavljaju ovo pitanje.
postavljaju ovo pitanje.
16:08
If you're so unhappy
with the economic system,
with the economic system,
279
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3101
Ako si toliko nezadovoljan
ekonomskim sustavom,
ekonomskim sustavom,
16:11
why not just give all your money away
and join the 99 percent?
and join the 99 percent?
280
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4726
zašto jednostavno ne daš sav svoj novac
i pridružiš se 99 posto?
i pridružiš se 99 posto?
16:16
Nick Hanauer: Yeah, no, yes, right.
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2768
Nick Hanauer: Da, ne, da, točno.
16:19
You get that a lot. You get that a lot.
282
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Često to pitaju.
16:20
"If you care so much about taxes,
why don't you pay more,
why don't you pay more,
283
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2726
"Ako ti je toliko stalo do poreza,
zašto ne plaćaš više,
zašto ne plaćaš više,
16:23
and if you care so much about wages,
why don't you pay more?"
why don't you pay more?"
284
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2893
a ako brineš zbog plaća,
zašto ne plaćaš više?"
zašto ne plaćaš više?"
I mogao bih to učiniti.
16:26
And I could do that.
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1292
16:29
The problem is,
286
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Problem je
16:30
it doesn't make that much difference,
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što to ne čini veliku razliku,
i ja sam otkrio strategiju
16:32
and I have discovered a strategy
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16:34
that works literally
a hundred thousand times better --
a hundred thousand times better --
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koja doslovce funkcionira
sto tisuća puta bolje.
sto tisuća puta bolje.
16:37
Moderator: OK.
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A ta je da svoj novac koristim
za gradnju narativa i donošenje zakona
za gradnju narativa i donošenje zakona
16:38
NH: which is to use my money
to build narratives and to pass laws
to build narratives and to pass laws
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koji će zahtijevati od
svih drugih bogatih ljudi
svih drugih bogatih ljudi
16:41
that will require
all the other rich people
all the other rich people
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16:43
to pay taxes and pay their workers better.
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da plaćaju porez
i da bolje plaćaju svoje radnike.
i da bolje plaćaju svoje radnike.
16:46
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:47
And so, for example,
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Tako, na primjer,
16:49
the 15-dollar minimum wage
that we cooked up
that we cooked up
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minimalna nadnica od 15 dolara
koju smo skuhali
koju smo skuhali
16:52
has now affected 30 million workers.
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danas ima utjecaj
na 30 milijuna radnika.
na 30 milijuna radnika.
16:54
So that works better.
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To, dakle, bolje funkcionira.
16:55
Moderator: That's great.
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Moderator: Sjajno.
Ako se predomislite,
naći ćemo neke primatelje za vas.
naći ćemo neke primatelje za vas.
16:57
If you change your mind,
we'll find some takers for you.
we'll find some takers for you.
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16:59
NH: OK. Thank you.
Moderator: Thank you very much.
Moderator: Thank you very much.
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NH: OK. Hvala.
Moderator: Puno vam hvala.
Moderator: Puno vam hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, authorNick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats.
Why you should listen
Nick Hanauer has founded, co-founded and funded more than 30 companies across a range of industries, with a pretty notable record of success. As a few highlights, he cofounded a company called aQuantive that sold to Microsoft for $6.4 billion, and was the first non-family investor in Amazon.
Meanwhile Hanauer, a “proud and unapologetic capitalist,” has also been looking closely at society’s growing inequality gap, and the consequences it holds for our shared destiny — and the ultimate fate of our democracies. In 2007, he and civic activist Eric Liu co-wrote the book The True Patriot, an examination of progressive patriotism. This was followed by 2011’s The Gardens of Democracy, also with Liu, a vision for “growing” good citizens.
In 2013, Hanauer published a commentary in Bloomberg BusinessWeek proposing a $15 minimum wage (a suggestion that Seattle acted on this year). Early in 2014, he and Eric Beinhocker published "Capitalism, Redefined." In the summer of 2014, Hanauer published a much-shared essay in Politico that suggests, if societal inequality is allowed to grow unchecked, modern societies could start looking an awful lot like pre-Revolutionary France.
He is working on a new book, due out in 2015.
Nick Hanauer | Speaker | TED.com