TED2006
Majora Carter: Greening the ghetto
Majora Carter priča o urbanoj obnovi
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U emocijama nabijenom govoru Majora Carter, dobitnica MacArthurove nagrade i građanska aktivistica, objašnjava detalje svoje borbe za pravedni okoliš u južnom Bronxu - i pokazuje da kvartovi u kojima žive američke manjine najviše trpe zbog pogrešne urbanističke politike.
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
If you're here today --
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Ako ste danas ovdje - a meni je jako drago da ste tu -
00:27
and I'm very happy that you are --
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svi ste čuli kako nas održivi razvoj
00:29
you've all heard about
how sustainable development
how sustainable development
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može spasiti od nas samih. No, kada nismo na TED-u
00:31
will save us from ourselves.
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00:33
However, when we're not at TED,
we are often told
we are often told
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često nam govore da prava politika održivosti jednostavno nije realna,
00:37
that a real sustainability policy agenda
is just not feasible,
is just not feasible,
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osobito u velikim, urbanim područjima poput grada New Yorka.
00:41
especially in large urban areas
like New York City.
like New York City.
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A to je zato što većina ljudi koji imaju moć donošenja odluka,
00:44
And that's because most people
with decision-making powers,
with decision-making powers,
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kako u javnom, tako i u privatnom sektoru,
00:47
in both the public and the private sector,
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zapravo ne osjeća da su u opasnosti.
00:49
really don't feel
as though they're in danger.
as though they're in danger.
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Danas sam ovdje djelomično i zbog jednog psa:
00:52
The reason why I'm here today,
in part, is because of a dog --
in part, is because of a dog --
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napušteno štene koje sam pronašla na kiši još 1998.
00:56
an abandoned puppy I found
back in the rain, back in 1998.
back in the rain, back in 1998.
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To je štene izraslo u puno većeg psa nego što sam očekivala.
00:59
She turned out to be
a much bigger dog than I'd anticipated.
a much bigger dog than I'd anticipated.
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Kada je ona ušla u moj život, borili smo se protiv ogromnog pogona za obradu otpada
01:03
When she came into my life, we were
fighting against a huge waste facility
fighting against a huge waste facility
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planiranog na obali East Rivera, unatoč činjenici da naš mali dio grada New Yorka
01:07
planned for the East River waterfront
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01:09
despite the fact that
our small part of New York City
our small part of New York City
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već nosio s više od 40% komercijalnog otpada cijeloga grada.
01:12
already handled more than 40 percent
of the entire city's commercial waste:
of the entire city's commercial waste:
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Pogon za briketiranje kanalizacijskog taloga, pogon za obradu kanalizacijskog mulja, četiri električne centrale,
01:16
a sewage treatment pelletizing plant,
a sewage sludge plant, four power plants,
a sewage sludge plant, four power plants,
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01:21
the world's largest
food-distribution center,
food-distribution center,
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najveći centar za distribuciju hrane na svijetu,
kao i druge industrije koje na naše područje svakoga tjedna dovoze više od 60.000 kamiona.
01:24
as well as other industries that bring
more than 60,000 diesel truck trips
more than 60,000 diesel truck trips
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01:28
to the area each week.
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Naše područje ima i jedan od najnižih omjera parkova prema broju stanovnika u gradu.
01:29
The area also has one of the lowest ratios
of parks to people in the city.
of parks to people in the city.
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01:33
So when I was contacted
by the Parks Department
by the Parks Department
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Tako da kada su me iz Uprave za parkove kontaktirali
u vezi s donacijom 10.000 dolara početnih sredstava za pokretanje uređenja obalnog područja,
01:36
about a $10,000 seed-grant initiative
to help develop waterfront projects,
to help develop waterfront projects,
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pomislila sam da su stvarno dobronamjerni, ali pomalo naivni.
01:40
I thought they were really
well-meaning, but a bit naive.
well-meaning, but a bit naive.
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Ja sam cijelog svog života živjela na tom području i vi niste mogli doći do rijeke zbog
01:43
I'd lived in this area all my life,
and you could not get to the river,
and you could not get to the river,
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svih tih prekrasnih pogona koje sam malprije spomenula.
01:47
because of all the lovely facilities
that I mentioned earlier.
that I mentioned earlier.
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I onda, jedno jutro dok sam trčala sa svojim psom,
01:50
Then, while jogging
with my dog one morning,
with my dog one morning,
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ona me povukla prema nečemu za što sam pomislila da je još jedno ilegalno odlagalište.
01:52
she pulled me into what I thought
was just another illegal dump.
was just another illegal dump.
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Tamo je bio korov i hrpe smeća i još nešto što ovdje ne bih spominjala,
01:56
There were weeds and piles of garbage
and other stuff that I won't mention here,
and other stuff that I won't mention here,
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ali ona me nastavila vući - i, zamislite samo, iza svega toga bila je rijeka.
02:00
but she kept dragging me,
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02:01
and lo and behold, at the end
of that lot was the river.
of that lot was the river.
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Znala sam da je ta zaboravljena slijepa ulica,
02:04
I knew that this forgotten
little street-end,
little street-end,
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napuštena poput psa koji me tamo doveo, vrijedna spašavanja.
02:06
abandoned like the dog that brought
me there, was worth saving.
me there, was worth saving.
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I znala sam da će se pretvoriti u ponosni početak
02:09
And I knew it would grow
to become the proud beginnings
to become the proud beginnings
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građanske revitalizacije novog južnog Bronxa.
02:12
of the community-led revitalization
of the new South Bronx.
of the new South Bronx.
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I poput mog novog psa, ta je ideja izrasla puno više nego što sam zamišljala.
02:15
And just like my new dog, it was an idea
that got bigger than I'd imagined.
that got bigger than I'd imagined.
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Putem smo prikupili puno podrške.
02:19
We garnered much support along the way,
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A Hunts Point Riverside Park postao je prvi obalni park
02:21
and the Hunts Point Riverside Park
became the first waterfront park
became the first waterfront park
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kojega je južni Bronx dobio u više od 60 godina.
02:24
that the South Bronx had had
in more than 60 years.
in more than 60 years.
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Tih 10.000 dolara početnih sredstava uspjeli smo multiplicirati više od 300 puta u park vrijedan tri milijuna dolara.
02:26
We leveraged that $10,000 seed grant
more than 300 times,
more than 300 times,
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02:30
into a $3 million park.
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A ja ću ove jeseni...
02:32
And in the fall, I'm going to exchange
marriage vows with my beloved.
marriage vows with my beloved.
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razmijeniti bračne zavjete s mojom ljubavi. Puno hvala.
02:37
(Audience whistles)
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02:38
Thank you very much.
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02:39
(Applause)
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To je on, barata mojim gumbima tamo u pozadini, što i inače stalno radi.
02:44
That's him pressing my buttons
back there, which he does all the time.
back there, which he does all the time.
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02:47
(Laughter)
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(smijeh) (pljesak)
02:50
(Applause)
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02:53
But those of us living
in environmental justice communities
in environmental justice communities
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No mi, koji živimo u susjedstvima s nepravedno ugroženim okolišem,
mi smo poput kanarinaca u rudniku. Osjećamo probleme upravo sada, i osjećamo ih već neko vrijeme.
02:56
are the canary in the coal mine.
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02:58
We feel the problems right now,
and have for some time.
and have for some time.
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Borba za pravedni okoliš, za vas koji možda niste upoznati s tim pojmom, bio bi otprilike ovo:
03:02
Environmental justice, for those of you
who may not be familiar with the term,
who may not be familiar with the term,
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03:05
goes something like this:
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niti jedna zajednica ne smije biti opterećena s više onečišćenja
03:07
no community should be saddled
with more environmental burdens
with more environmental burdens
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i manje zaštite okoliša od bilo koje druge.
03:10
and less environmental benefits
than any other.
than any other.
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Nažalost, rasa i stalež iznimno pouzdano ukazuju
03:12
Unfortunately, race and class
are extremely reliable indicators
are extremely reliable indicators
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03:16
as to where one might find the good stuff,
like parks and trees,
like parks and trees,
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gdje možete pronaći dobre stvari, poput parkova i drveća,
a gdje biste mogli naići na loše stvari, npr. električne centrale ili pogone za obradu otpada.
03:19
and where one might find the bad stuff,
like power plants and waste facilities.
like power plants and waste facilities.
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Za mene kao crnkinju u Americi, dvostruko je vjerojatnije nego za bjelkinju
03:23
As a black person in America,
I am twice as likely as a white person
I am twice as likely as a white person
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da ću živjeti u okolišu u kojem je zagađenje zraka najveća prijetnja mojem zdravlju.
03:26
to live in an area where air pollution
poses the greatest risk to my health.
poses the greatest risk to my health.
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Pet puta je vjerojatnije da živim u neposrednoj blizini
03:30
I am five times more likely
to live within walking distance
to live within walking distance
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električne centrale ili kemijskog pogona - kao što i živim.
03:33
of a power plant or chemical facility,
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03:35
which I do.
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Takve urbanističke odluke stvaraju loše uvjete za život koji dovode do
03:36
These land-use decisions
created the hostile conditions
created the hostile conditions
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03:39
that lead to problems like obesity,
diabetes and asthma.
diabetes and asthma.
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problema poput debljine, dijabetesa i astme.
Zašto bi netko izašao iz kuće na finu šetnju kroz toksično susjedstvo?
03:42
Why would someone leave their home to go
for a brisk walk in a toxic neighborhood?
for a brisk walk in a toxic neighborhood?
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Naših 27% gojaznih je puno, čak i za ovu zemlju, a uz to ide i dijabetes.
03:46
Our 27 percent obesity rate
is high even for this country,
is high even for this country,
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03:49
and diabetes comes with it.
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Svako četvrto dijete iz južnog Bronxa ima astmu.
03:50
One out of four South Bronx
children has asthma.
children has asthma.
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Kod nas je broj hospitaliziranih astmatičara sedam puta veći od nacionalnog prosjeka.
03:53
Our asthma hospitalization rate
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03:55
is seven times higher
than the national average.
than the national average.
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Sve to utječe na sve nas.
03:57
These impacts are coming everyone's way.
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I mi svi skupo plaćamo zbrinjavanje krutog otpada,
03:59
And we all pay dearly
for solid waste costs,
for solid waste costs,
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04:01
health problems associated
with pollution and more odiously,
with pollution and more odiously,
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zdrastvene probleme povezane sa zagađenjem, i još podmuklije,
04:04
the cost of imprisoning
our young black and Latino men,
our young black and Latino men,
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troškove zatvaranja naše mlade crnačke i latino populacije,
koja posjeduje nemjerljive količine neiskorištenog potencijala.
04:07
who possess untold amounts
of untapped potential.
of untapped potential.
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Polovina naših stanovnika živi na ili ispod granice siromaštva.
04:10
Fifty percent of our residents
live at or below the poverty line;
live at or below the poverty line;
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Četvrtina nas je nezaposlena. Građani s niskim primanjima često koriste
04:13
25 percent of us are unemployed.
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04:15
Low-income citizens often use
emergency-room visits as primary care.
emergency-room visits as primary care.
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hitnu pomoć kao primarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu.
Sve to je veliki trošak za porezne obveznike i ne daje odgovarajućih koristi.
04:19
This comes at a high cost to taxpayers
and produces no proportional benefits.
and produces no proportional benefits.
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Siromašni ne samo da su i dalje siromašni, nego su i dalje bolesni.
04:23
Poor people are not only still poor,
they are still unhealthy.
they are still unhealthy.
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Na sreću, postoji mnogo ljudi poput mene koji traže rješenja
04:27
Fortunately, there are many people
like me who are striving for solutions
like me who are striving for solutions
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koja neće kratkoročno ugroziti živote manjinskih siromašnih zajednica,
04:31
that won't compromise the lives
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04:32
of low-income communities of color
in the short term,
in the short term,
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a neće ih uništiti niti dugoročno.
04:35
and won't destroy us all in the long term.
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Nitko od nas to ne želi, i to nam je svima zajedničko. Što nam je još zajedničko?
04:37
None of us want that,
and we all have that in common.
and we all have that in common.
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04:39
So what else do we have in common?
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Pa, prije svega, svi mi smo jako zgodni -
04:41
Well, first of all,
we're all incredibly good-looking.
we're all incredibly good-looking.
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(smijeh) - završili smo srednje škole, prošli više i visoke škole,
04:44
(Laughter)
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04:45
Graduated high school, college,
post-graduate degrees,
post-graduate degrees,
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putovali na zanimljive destinacije, nismo dobili djecu u ranoj mladosti,
04:48
traveled to interesting places,
didn't have kids in your early teens,
didn't have kids in your early teens,
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financijski smo stabilni, nikada nismo bili u zatvoru.
04:51
financially stable, never been imprisoned.
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04:55
OK. Good.
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Dobro... Odlično. (smijeh)
04:56
(Laughter)
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Ali, osim što sam žena crne kože, ja se od vas razlikujem i na druge načine.
04:58
But, besides being a black woman,
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04:59
I am different from most of you
in some other ways.
in some other ways.
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Gledala sam kako je gotovo polovica zgrada u mojem susjedstvu izgorjela.
05:02
I watched nearly half of the buildings
in my neighborhood burn down.
in my neighborhood burn down.
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Moj stariji brat Lenny se borio u Vijetnamu,
05:05
My big brother Lenny fought in Vietnam,
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samo da bi ga kasnije izrešetali nekoliko blokova od našeg doma.
05:07
only to be gunned down
a few blocks from our home.
a few blocks from our home.
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Isuse... Odrasla sam preko puta kuće u kojoj se prodavao kokain.
05:13
Jesus.
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05:15
I grew up with a crack house
across the street.
across the street.
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Da, ja sam siromašno crno dijete iz geta.
05:19
Yeah, I'm a poor black child
from the ghetto.
from the ghetto.
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To me čini drugačijom od vas.
05:23
These things make me different from you.
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Ali ono što nam je zajedničko izdvaja me od većine ljudi u mojoj zajednici,
05:25
But the things we have in common
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05:27
set me apart from most
of the people in my community,
of the people in my community,
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i ja se nalazim između ta dva svijeta,
05:30
and I am in between these two worlds
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s dovoljno srca da se borim za pravdu u ovom drugom.
05:32
with enough of my heart
to fight for justice in the other.
to fight for justice in the other.
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Kako se dogodilo da smo toliko različiti?
05:36
So how did things get so different for us?
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U kasnim četrdesetima, moj otac - željezničar, sin roba -
05:38
In the late '40s, my dad --
a Pullman porter, son of a slave --
a Pullman porter, son of a slave --
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kupio je kuću u Hunts Point-u, kvartu južnog Bronxa,
05:41
bought a house in the Hunts Point
section of the South Bronx,
section of the South Bronx,
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i nekoliko godina kasnije vjenčao se s mojom mamom.
05:44
and a few years later, he married my mom.
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U to vrijeme u susjedstvu je živjela uglavnom radnička klasa bijele boje kože.
05:46
At the time, the community was a mostly
white, working-class neighborhood.
white, working-class neighborhood.
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Moj otac nije bio sam.
05:49
My dad was not alone.
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I kako su ostali poput njega tražili svoju verziju američkoga sna,
05:51
And as others like him pursued
their own version of the American dream,
their own version of the American dream,
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iseljavanje bjelačkog stanovništa postalo je uobičajeno u južnom Bronxu i mnogim gradovima širom zemlje.
05:54
white flight became common
in the South Bronx
in the South Bronx
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05:57
and in many cities around the country.
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Banke su nas diskriminirale, jer su određeni dijelovi grada,
05:59
Red-lining was used by banks,
wherein certain sections of the city,
wherein certain sections of the city,
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uključujući naš, proglašeni nepoželjnima za bilo kakve investicije.
06:03
including ours, were deemed
off-limits to any sort of investment.
off-limits to any sort of investment.
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Mnogi stanodavci su vjerovali kako je profitabilnije potpaliti svoje zgrade
06:07
Many landlords believed it was more
profitable to torch their buildings
profitable to torch their buildings
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i naplatiti osiguranje nego da ih prodaju pod tim uvjetima -
06:10
and collect insurance money rather
than to sell under those conditions --
than to sell under those conditions --
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bez obzira na poginule ili ozlijeđene bivše stanoprimce.
06:15
dead or injured former tenants
notwithstanding.
notwithstanding.
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U Hunts Point-u je nekada bilo puno radnih mjesta,
06:17
Hunts Point was formerly
a walk-to-work community,
a walk-to-work community,
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ali sada stanovnici nisu imali niti posao, niti dom u kojeg bi se vratili.
06:20
but now residents had neither
work nor home to walk to.
work nor home to walk to.
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Eksplozija izgradnje autocesta samo je povećala naše probleme.
06:24
A national highway construction boom
was added to our problems.
was added to our problems.
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U državi New York, Robert Moses je pokrenuo agresivnu kampanju širenja autocesta.
06:27
In New York State,
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06:28
Robert Moses spearheaded
an aggressive highway-expansion campaign.
an aggressive highway-expansion campaign.
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Jedan od njegovih osnovnih ciljeva bio je da se stanovnicima
06:32
One of its primary goals was
to make it easier
to make it easier
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bogatih zajednica okruga Wetchester olakša dolazak na Manhattan.
06:34
for residents of wealthy communities
in Westchester County to go to Manhattan.
in Westchester County to go to Manhattan.
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Južni Bronx, koji leži između, nije imao nikakve šanse.
06:39
The South Bronx, which lies in between,
did not stand a chance.
did not stand a chance.
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Stanovnici su često dobivali rok kraći od mjesec dana za iseljenje prije rušenja njihovih zgrada.
06:43
Residents were often given
less than a month's notice
less than a month's notice
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06:45
before their buildings were razed.
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Raseljeno je 600.000 ljudi.
06:47
600,000 people were displaced.
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Uobičajeno je mišljenje da su samo svodnici, dileri i prostitutke iz južnog Bronxa.
06:49
The common perception was
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06:50
that only pimps and pushers
and prostitutes were from the South Bronx.
and prostitutes were from the South Bronx.
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06:54
And if you are told
from your earliest days
from your earliest days
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I ako ti od malena govore kako ništa dobroga neće izaći
06:57
that nothing good is going to come
from your community,
from your community,
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iz tvoje zajednice, da je ona loša i ružna, kako se to može ne odraziti na tebe?
07:00
that it's bad and ugly,
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07:01
how could it not reflect on you?
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I tako, imovina moje obitelji je bila bezvrijedna, osim što je to bio naš dom i sve što imamo.
07:04
So now, my family's property
was worthless,
was worthless,
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07:06
save for that it was our home,
and all we had.
and all we had.
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07:09
And luckily for me, that home
and the love inside of it,
and the love inside of it,
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I na moju sreću, taj dom i ljubav u njemu, uz usputnu pomoć
07:13
along with help from teachers, mentors
and friends along the way, was enough.
and friends along the way, was enough.
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učitelja, mentora i prijatelja... to je bilo dovoljno.
I sad, zašto je ta priča važna?
07:18
Now, why is this story important?
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07:19
Because from a planning perspective,
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Zato što s urbanističkog gledišta, gospodarsko propadanje
07:21
economic degradation
begets environmental degradation,
begets environmental degradation,
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povlači propadanje okoliša, a to povlači socijalnu degradaciju.
07:25
which begets social degradation.
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Zaustavljanje investiranja koje je započelo u šezdesetima
07:28
The disinvestment that began
in the 1960s set the stage
in the 1960s set the stage
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pokrenulo je sve buduće nepravde u okolišu.
07:31
for all the environmental
injustices that were to come.
injustices that were to come.
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07:33
Antiquated zoning and land-use
regulations are still used to this day
regulations are still used to this day
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Zastarjeli urbanistički i građevinski propisi na snazi su i danas,
07:37
to continue putting polluting
facilities in my neighborhood.
facilities in my neighborhood.
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još uvijek donose zagađujuće pogone u moje susjedstvo.
Jesu li ti čimbenici uzeti u obzir kod donošenja urbanističkih odluka?
07:40
Are these factors taken into consideration
when land-use policy is decided?
when land-use policy is decided?
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Kakvi troškovi nastaju zbog tih odluka? I tko to plaća?
07:44
What costs are associated
with these decisions?
with these decisions?
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07:47
And who pays? Who profits?
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Tko profitira? Opravdava li bilo što ovo kroz što prolazi lokalna zajednica?
07:49
Does anything justify
what the local community goes through?
what the local community goes through?
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To je bio "urbanizam" - pod navodnicima - koji nije vodio računa o našim interesima.
07:53
This was "planning" -- in quotes --
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07:55
that did not have
our best interests in mind.
our best interests in mind.
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Nakon što smo to shvatili, odlučili smo da je došlo vrijeme da se pobrinemo za vlastiti urbanizam.
07:57
Once we realized that, we decided
it was time to do our own planning.
it was time to do our own planning.
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Taj mali park kojeg sam maloprije spomenula bio je prva faza
08:01
That small park I told you about earlier
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08:03
was the first stage of building
a Greenway movement in the South Bronx.
a Greenway movement in the South Bronx.
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u stvaranju pokreta za izgradnju parkova u južnom Bronxu.
Napisala sam prijedlog za 1,25 milijuna dolara vrijednu saveznu dotaciju za prijevoz
08:06
I wrote a one-and-a-quarter-million
dollar federal transportation grant
dollar federal transportation grant
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kako bismo projektirali riječnu šetnicu s izdvojenim biciklističkim stazama.
08:09
to design the plan
for a waterfront esplanade
for a waterfront esplanade
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08:12
with dedicated on-street bike paths.
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Unaprijeđenje prostora pomaže u mijenjaju politka sigurnosti u prometu,
08:13
Physical improvements help inform
public policy regarding traffic safety,
public policy regarding traffic safety,
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odabiru lokacija za otpadne i ostale pogone,
08:17
the placement of the waste
and other facilities,
and other facilities,
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koji, ako se naprave kako treba, ne ugrožavaju kvalitetu života zajednice.
08:19
which, if done properly, don't compromise
a community's quality of life.
a community's quality of life.
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Također vam daju mogućnost za veću fizičku aktivnost,
08:23
They provide opportunities
to be more physically active,
to be more physically active,
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kao i za lokalni gospodarski razvoj.
08:25
as well as local economic development.
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Recimo trgovine s biciklima, štandovi sa sokovima.
08:28
Think bike shops, juice stands.
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Osigurali smo 20 milijuna dolara za izgradnju prve faze projekata.
08:29
We secured 20 million dollars
to build first-phase projects.
to build first-phase projects.
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Ovo je avenija Lafayette - ovako su je preoblikovali krajobrazni arhitekti Matthew i Nielsen.
08:32
This is Lafayette Avenue --
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08:34
and that's redesigned
by Mathews Nielsen Landscape Architects.
by Mathews Nielsen Landscape Architects.
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A kada ova staza bude izgrađena, povezat će južni Bronx
08:37
And once this path is constructed,
it'll connect the South Bronx
it'll connect the South Bronx
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s više od 160 hektara parkova na Randallsovom otoku.
08:40
with more than 400 acres
of Randall's Island Park.
of Randall's Island Park.
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Trenutno nas dijeli oko 8 metara vode, ali ova će veza to promijeniti.
08:43
Right now we're separated by about 25 feet
of water, but this link will change that.
of water, but this link will change that.
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Ako brinemo za prirodni okoliš, njegovo obilje će nam višestruko uzvratiti.
08:47
As we nurture the natural environment,
its abundance will give us back even more.
its abundance will give us back even more.
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Imamo projekt koji se zove "Obuka ekoloških skrbnika Bronxa"
08:51
We run a project called the Bronx
[Environmental] Stewardship Training,
[Environmental] Stewardship Training,
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kojim pružamo profesionalnu obuku u području ekološkog obnavljanja,
08:55
which provides job training in the fields
of ecological restoration,
of ecological restoration,
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kako bi ljudi iz naše zajednice stekli vještine potrebne za dobivanje tih dobro plaćenih poslova.
08:58
so that folks from our community
have the skills to compete
have the skills to compete
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09:01
for these well-paying jobs.
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Malo po malo, otvaramo zelena radna mjesta na našem području -
09:02
Little by little, we're seeding
the area with green-collar jobs --
the area with green-collar jobs --
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a zatim zapošljavamo ljude koji imaju financijski i osobni interes za svoj okoliš.
09:06
and with people that have both
a financial and personal stake
a financial and personal stake
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09:09
in their environment.
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Autocesta Sheridan Expressway jedan je premalo korišten relikt iz doba Roberta Mosesa,
09:10
The Sheridan Expressway
is an underutilized relic
is an underutilized relic
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09:12
of the Robert Moses era,
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sagrađen bez obzira na susjedstva koja je podijelio.
09:14
built with no regard for the neighborhoods
that were divided by it.
that were divided by it.
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Čak i tijekom vršnih prometnih opterećenja, ta je autocesa gotovo nekorištena.
09:17
Even during rush hour,
it goes virtually unused.
it goes virtually unused.
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Građani su osmislili alternativni plan prijevoza
09:20
The community created
an alternative transportation plan
an alternative transportation plan
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koji omogućava uklanjanje autoceste.
09:23
that allows for the removal
of the highway.
of the highway.
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Sada možemo okupiti sve zainteresirane strane
09:25
We have the opportunity now to bring
together all the stakeholders
together all the stakeholders
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i osmisliti kako bismo tih 11 hektara mogli bolje iskoristiti za parkove,
09:28
to re-envision how this 28 acres
can be better utilized
can be better utilized
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09:31
for parkland, affordable housing
and local economic development.
and local economic development.
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povoljne stanove i lokalni gospodarski razvoj.
Također smo sagradili prvi zeleni i hladni krov u gradu New Yorku,
09:34
We also built New York City's first green
and cool roof demonstration project
and cool roof demonstration project
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kao demo-projekt na krovu iznad naših ureda.
09:39
on top of our offices.
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Hladni krovovi su visoko reflektirajuće površine koje ne apsorbiraju sunčevu toplinu
09:40
Cool roofs are highly-reflective
surfaces that don't absorb solar heat,
surfaces that don't absorb solar heat,
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i ne prenose je na zgradu ili atmosferu.
09:44
and pass it on to
the building or atmosphere.
the building or atmosphere.
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Zeleni krovovi su zemlja i žive biljke.
09:46
Green roofs are soil and living plants.
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Obje tehnike mogu se koristiti umjesto materijala na bazi nafte
09:48
Both can be used instead
of petroleum-based roofing materials
of petroleum-based roofing materials
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09:51
that absorb heat, contribute
to urban "heat island" effect
to urban "heat island" effect
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koji upijaju toplinu i tako stvaraju efekt "vrućeg otoka" te koje se na suncu razgrađuju,
09:54
and degrade under the sun,
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što mi potom udišemo. Zeleni krovovi uz to zadržavaju do 75% kišnice,
09:55
which we in turn breathe.
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09:57
Green roofs also retain
up to 75 percent of rainfall,
up to 75 percent of rainfall,
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09:59
so they reduce a city's need to fund
costly end-of-pipe solutions --
costly end-of-pipe solutions --
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pa tako smanjuju potrebu za financiranjem skupocjenih prečistača -
koji su, slučajno, najčešće locirani u susjedstvima s nepravednim okolišem poput mojeg.
10:03
which, incidentally, are often located
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10:05
in environmental justice
communities like mine.
communities like mine.
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Uz to su stanište našim malim prijateljima!
10:07
And they provide habitats
for our little friends!
for our little friends!
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To je - (smijeh) - cool!
10:10
[Butterfly]
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10:12
(Laughter)
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10:13
So cool!
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Demo-projekt je odskočna daska za naše novo poduzeće za postavljanje zelenih krovova,
10:14
Anyway, the demonstration
project is a springboard
project is a springboard
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10:17
for our own green roof
installation business,
installation business,
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koje će stvoriti radna mjesta i održiv gospodarski razvoj u južnom Bronxu.
10:19
bringing jobs and sustainable
economic activity to the South Bronx.
economic activity to the South Bronx.
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(smijeh) (pljesak) I meni se to sviđa.
10:22
[Green is the new black ...]
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10:24
(Laughter) (Applause)
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10:28
I like that, too.
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Znam da je Chris rekao da ovdje ne smijemo prodavati,
10:29
Anyway, I know Chris told us
not to do pitches up here,
not to do pitches up here,
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10:33
but since I have all of your attention:
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ali kako imam svu vašu pažnju: trebamo investitore. Kraj prodavanja.
10:35
We need investors. End of pitch.
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Bolje je tražiti oprost nego dozvolu.
10:37
It's better to ask
for forgiveness than permission.
for forgiveness than permission.
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10:39
Anyway --
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Dakle... (smijeh) - (pljesak)
10:40
(Laughter)
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10:42
(Applause)
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OK. Katrina. Prije Katrine, južni Bronx i Ninth Ward u New Orleansu
10:47
OK. Katrina.
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10:50
Prior to Katrina, the South Bronx
and New Orleans' Ninth Ward
and New Orleans' Ninth Ward
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imali su mnogo toga zajedničkog. Obje četvrti bile su nastanjene siromašnima druge boje kože,
10:53
had a lot in common.
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10:54
Both were largely populated
by poor people of color,
by poor people of color,
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obje su kolijevka kulturnih inovacija: recimo hip-hopa i jazza.
10:57
both hotbeds of cultural innovation:
think hip-hop and jazz.
think hip-hop and jazz.
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Obje su obalne zajednice koje udomljuju kako industriju,
11:01
Both are waterfront communities
that host both industries and residents
that host both industries and residents
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tako i stanovnike u velikoj međusobnoj blizini.
11:04
in close proximity of one another.
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U razdoblju nakon Katrine, imamo još više toga zajedničkog.
11:06
In the post-Katrina era,
we have still more in common.
we have still more in common.
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U najbolje slučaju ignoriraju nas i zloupotrebljavaju, a u najgorem slučaju iskorištavaju
11:09
We're at best ignored,
and maligned and abused, at worst,
and maligned and abused, at worst,
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nemarni regulatori, izuzetno štetni urbanizam i nedostatna odgovornost vlasti.
11:12
by negligent regulatory agencies,
pernicious zoning
pernicious zoning
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11:16
and lax governmental accountability.
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Ni uništenje četvrti Ninth Ward, ni južnog Bronxa nije bilo neizbježno.
11:18
Neither the destruction of the Ninth Ward
nor the South Bronx was inevitable.
nor the South Bronx was inevitable.
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Ali mi smo iz toga izvukli vrijednu pouku kako se izvući.
11:22
But we have emerged with valuable lessons
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11:25
about how to dig ourselves out.
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Mi smo puno više od nacionalnih simbola urbane truleži.
11:27
We are more than simply
national symbols of urban blight
national symbols of urban blight
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Ili problema koji će biti riješeni praznim obećanjima predsjednika koji dolaze i odlaze.
11:31
or problems to be solved
by empty campaign promises
by empty campaign promises
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11:34
of presidents come and gone.
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Hoćemo li sad dozvoliti da i obala Golfskog zaljeva
11:36
Now will we let the Gulf Coast
languish for a decade or two,
languish for a decade or two,
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trune 10-20 godina kao što je to bio slučaj s južnim Bronxom?
Ili ćemo poduzeti proaktivne korake i učiti od naših domaćih resursa -
11:38
like the South Bronx did?
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11:40
Or will we take proactive steps
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11:41
and learn from the homegrown resource
of grassroots activists
of grassroots activists
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građanskih aktivista koji su rođeni iz očaja u zajednicama poput moje?
11:44
that have been born of desperation
in communities like mine?
in communities like mine?
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No, slušajte, ja ne očekujem da će pojedinci,
11:47
Now listen, I do not expect individuals,
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tvrtke ili vlada učiniti svijet boljim mjestom zato što je to ispravno ili moralno.
11:50
corporations or government
to make the world a better place
to make the world a better place
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11:53
because it is right or moral.
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Ova današnja prezentacija pokazuje samo dijelove onoga kroz što sam prošla,
11:55
This presentation today only represents
some of what I've been through.
some of what I've been through.
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poput malenog komadića. Nemate pojma.
11:59
Like a tiny little bit. You've no clue.
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12:01
But I'll tell you later,
if you want to know.
if you want to know.
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Ali reći ću vam kasnije ako želite znati.
Ali - znam da je završni račun, ili nečija percepcija završnog računa,
12:03
(Laughter)
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12:05
But -- I know it's the bottom line,
or one's perception of it,
or one's perception of it,
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ono što naposlijetku motivira ljude.
12:09
that motivates people in the end.
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Mene zanima ono što nazivam "trostrukim završnim računom"
12:11
I'm interested in what I like to call
the "triple bottom line"
the "triple bottom line"
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koji može nastati održivim razvojem.
12:14
that sustainable development can produce.
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Razvoj koji ima potencijal stvoriti pozitivne ishode za sve zanteresirane:
12:16
Developments that have the potential
to create positive returns
to create positive returns
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12:20
for all concerned:
the developers, government
the developers, government
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graditelje, vlasti i zajednicu u kojoj se ti projekti grade.
12:23
and the community
where these projects go up.
where these projects go up.
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Ovoga trenutka, to se ne događa u gradu New Yorku.
12:25
At present, that's not happening
in New York City.
in New York City.
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I mi radimo s sveobuhvatnim deficitom urbanizma.
12:29
And we are operating with a comprehensive
urban-planning deficit.
urban-planning deficit.
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Parada onih koje vlasti dotiraju izgradit će predložene
12:33
A parade of government subsidies
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12:35
is going to propose big-box and stadium
developments in the South Bronx,
developments in the South Bronx,
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ogromne stambene kutije i stadion u južnom Bronxu,
ali uopće nema koordinacije između gradske uprave o tome kako
12:38
but there is scant coordination
between city agencies
between city agencies
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se odnositi prema kumulativnom efektu povećanog prometa, zagađenja, otpada
12:41
on how to deal with the cumulative effects
of increased traffic, pollution,
of increased traffic, pollution,
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12:45
solid waste and the impacts on open space.
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i utjecaja na otvoreni prostor. A njihov pristup lokalnom gospodarskom
12:48
And their approaches to local economic
and job development are so lame
and job development are so lame
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razvoju i otvaranju radnih mjesta toliko je jadan da nije ni smiješan.
12:52
it's not even funny.
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Jer, povrh toga, najbogatiji sportski tim na svijetu seli
12:53
Because on top of that,
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12:56
the world's richest sports team
is replacing the House That Ruth Built
is replacing the House That Ruth Built
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stadion Yankeeja tako da uništava dva omiljena parka.
13:00
by destroying two
well-loved community parks.
well-loved community parks.
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Sad ćemo imati još manje nego u statistici koju sam prije spomenula.
13:03
Now, we'll have even less
than that stat I told you about earlier.
than that stat I told you about earlier.
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Pa iako manje od 25% stanovnika južnog Bronxa posjeduje automobile,
13:06
And although less than 25 percent
of South Bronx residents own cars,
of South Bronx residents own cars,
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ovi projekti predviđaju tisuće novih parkirnih mjesta,
13:09
these projects include
thousands of new parking spaces,
thousands of new parking spaces,
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ali baš ništa od masovnog javnog prijevoza.
13:13
yet zip in terms of mass public transit.
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Ono što u javnoj debati nedostaje je temeljita
13:16
Now, what's missing from the larger debate
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analiza troškova i koristi između zanemarivanja nezdrave i
13:18
is a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis
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13:20
between not fixing an unhealthy,
environmentally-challenged community,
environmentally-challenged community,
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ekološki narušene zajednice, u odnosu na provođenje
13:24
versus incorporating structural,
sustainable changes.
sustainable changes.
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strukturnih i održivih promjena.
Moja udruga usko surađuje sa sveučilištem Columbia i drugima
13:27
My agency is working closely
with Columbia University and others
with Columbia University and others
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kako bi skrenula pozornost na ove probleme.
13:31
to shine a light on these issues.
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Da razjasnimo nešto. Ja nisam protiv izgradnje.
13:32
Now let's get this straight:
I am not anti-development.
I am not anti-development.
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Mi smo u gradu, ne u nacionalnom parku. I ja sam prihvatila svog unutarnjeg kapitalistu.
13:35
Ours is a city, not a wilderness preserve.
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13:38
And I've embraced my inner capitalist.
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Vjerojatno ga svi imate i ako to još niste učinili, trebali bi.
13:41
And, but I don't have --
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13:42
(Laughter)
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13:44
You probably all have,
and if you haven't, you need to.
and if you haven't, you need to.
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Ja nemam problem s građevinarima koji će zaraditi.
13:47
(Laughter)
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13:51
So I don't have a problem
with developers making money.
with developers making money.
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Imamo dovoljno primjera koji pokazuju da održivi
13:54
There's enough precedent out there
to show that a sustainable,
to show that a sustainable,
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razvoj s zajednicom na umu može biti vrlo unosan.
13:57
community-friendly development
can still make a fortune.
can still make a fortune.
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Kolege TED-ovci Bill McDonough i Amory Lovins -
14:01
Fellow TEDsters Bill McDonough
and Amory Lovins --
and Amory Lovins --
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usput, oboje moji heroji - pokazali su kako to možete učiniti.
14:04
both heroes of mine by the way --
have shown that you can actually do that.
have shown that you can actually do that.
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Ja imam problem s izgradnjom koja pretjerano iskorištava
14:08
I do have a problem
with developments that hyper-exploit
with developments that hyper-exploit
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14:11
politically vulnerable
communities for profit.
communities for profit.
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politički nemoćne zajednice radi profita.
Da se to nastavlja sramota je za sve nas,
14:13
That it continues is a shame upon us all,
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zato što smo svi mi odgovorni za budućnost koju stvaramo.
14:16
because we are all responsible
for the future that we create.
for the future that we create.
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Nešto što činim da bih se podsjetila kako postoje bolje mogućnosti je da učim od vizionara iz drugih gradova.
14:19
But one of the things I do
to remind myself of greater possibilities,
to remind myself of greater possibilities,
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14:23
is to learn from visionaries
in other cities.
in other cities.
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To je moja verzija globalizacije.
14:25
This is my version of globalization.
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Uzmite primjer Bogote. Siromašna, latinoamerička, okružena oružanim nasiljem
14:27
Let's take Bogota.
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14:28
Poor, Latino, surrounded by
runaway gun violence and drug trafficking;
runaway gun violence and drug trafficking;
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i švercom droge: reputacija slična onoj južnog Bronxa.
14:32
a reputation not unlike
that of the South Bronx.
that of the South Bronx.
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Ipak, taj grad je krajem devedesetih blagoslovljen
14:35
However, this city was blessed
in the late 1990s
in the late 1990s
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14:38
with a highly-influential
mayor named Enrique Peñalosa.
mayor named Enrique Peñalosa.
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izuzetno utjecajnim gradonačelnikom imenom Enrique Penalosa.
On je proučio demografiju.
14:42
He looked at the demographics.
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Malo stanovnika posjeduje automobile, a ipak je ogromni dio gradskih sredstava bio namijenjen njihovom usluživanju.
14:44
Few Bogotanos own cars,
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14:46
yet a huge portion of the city's resources
was dedicated to serving them.
was dedicated to serving them.
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Ako ste gradonačelnik, možete učiniti nešto u vezi s tim.
14:50
If you're a mayor, you can
do something about that.
do something about that.
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Njegova je uprava suzila ključne gradske prometnice s pet traka na tri,
14:52
His administration narrowed key municipal
thoroughfares from five lanes to three,
thoroughfares from five lanes to three,
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zabranila parkiranje na tim ulicama, proširila nogostupe
14:57
outlawed parking on those streets,
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14:59
expanded pedestrian walkways
and bike lanes,
and bike lanes,
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i biciklističke staze, napravila gradske trgove,
15:02
created public plazas,
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stvorila jedan od najučinkovitijih sustava autobusnog javnog prijevoza na svijetu.
15:04
created one of the most efficient
bus mass-transit systems
bus mass-transit systems
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15:07
in the entire world.
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Za njegove brilijantne napore... skoro su ga krivično gonili.
15:08
For his brilliant efforts,
he was nearly impeached.
he was nearly impeached.
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Ali nakon što su građani uvidjeli da su oni na prvome mjestu u rješavanju
15:12
But as people began to see
that they were being put first
that they were being put first
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15:16
on issues reflecting
their day-to-day lives,
their day-to-day lives,
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problema s kojima se svakodnevno nose, dogodilo se nešto nevjerojatno.
15:18
incredible things happened.
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Prestali su bacati smeće po ulicama. Kriminal se smanjio.
15:20
People stopped littering.
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15:21
Crime rates dropped, because the streets
were alive with people.
were alive with people.
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Zato jer su ulice bile žive i pune ljudi.
Njegova uprava napala je nekoliko tipičnih urbanih problema odjednom,
15:25
His administration attacked several
typical urban problems at one time,
typical urban problems at one time,
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i to skromnim budžetom iz zemlje trećeg svijeta.
15:29
and on a third-world budget, at that.
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Mi u ovoj zemlji nemamo izgovora, žao mi je.
15:31
We have no excuse
in this country, I'm sorry.
in this country, I'm sorry.
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No zaključak je, njegovo stavljanje građana na prvo mjesto nije bilo zbog
15:34
But the bottom line is:
their people-first agenda
their people-first agenda
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15:37
was not meant to penalize
those who could actually afford cars,
those who could actually afford cars,
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kao kažnjavanje onih koji si mogu priuštiti automobile,
već kao pružanje prilike svim stanovnicima Bogote za sudjelovanje
15:41
but rather, to provide opportunities
for all Bogotanos to participate
for all Bogotanos to participate
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u obnovi grada. To da izgradnja ne bi trebala biti na račun
15:45
in the city's resurgence.
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15:46
That development should not come
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većine stanovništva još uvijek se smatra radikalnom idejom ovdje u SAD.
15:48
at the expense of the majority
of the population
of the population
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15:51
is still considered
a radical idea here in the U.S.
a radical idea here in the U.S.
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Ali primjer Bogote ima snagu da to promijeni.
15:54
But Bogota's example
has the power to change that.
has the power to change that.
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Vi ste, međutim, blagoslovljeni darom utjecaja.
15:57
You, however, are blessed
with the gift of influence.
with the gift of influence.
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Zato ste ovdje i zašto cijenite informacije koje razmjenjujemo.
16:00
That's why you're here and why you
value the information we exchange.
value the information we exchange.
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Iskoristite svoj utjecaj za podršku cjelovitih i održivih promjena svugdje.
16:04
Use your influence
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16:05
in support of comprehensive,
sustainable change everywhere.
sustainable change everywhere.
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Nemojte samo o tome govoriti na TED-u. Ovo je javna politika koju želim proširiti cijelom zemljom,
16:09
Don't just talk about it at TED.
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16:11
This is a nationwide policy agenda
I'm trying to build,
I'm trying to build,
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a kao što znate, sva politika je osobna.
16:15
and as you all know,
politics are personal.
politics are personal.
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Pomozite mi da zeleno postane novo crno. Pomozite mi da održivost postane seksi.
16:18
Help me make green the new black.
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16:21
Help me make sustainability sexy.
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Učinite je dijelom svojih razgovora tokom večere ili koktela.
16:23
Make it a part of your dinner
and cocktail conversations.
and cocktail conversations.
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Pomozite mi izboriti se za pravdu u okolišu i gospodarstvu.
16:26
Help me fight for environmental
and economic justice.
and economic justice.
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Podržite investicije koje podnose "trostruki završni račun".
16:30
Support investments
with a triple-bottom-line return.
with a triple-bottom-line return.
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16:32
Help me democratize sustainability
by bringing everyone to the table,
by bringing everyone to the table,
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Pomozite mi demokratizirati održivost tako da sve okupimo
i inzistirajte da se o urbanizmu može cjelovito raspravljati svugdje.
16:37
and insisting that comprehensive
planning can be addressed everywhere.
planning can be addressed everywhere.
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Super, drago mi je da imam još malo vremena!
16:40
Oh good, glad I have a little more time!
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Slušajte - kada sam neki dan poslije doručka razgovarala s g. Goreom,
16:42
Listen -- when I spoke to Mr. Gore
the other day after breakfast,
the other day after breakfast,
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pitala sam ga kako će aktivisti za ekološku pravdu biti uključeni
16:46
I asked him how environmental justice
activists were going to be included
activists were going to be included
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u njegovu novu marketinšku strategiju
16:51
in his new marketing strategy.
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Njegov odgovor je bio program donacija.
16:53
His response was a grant program.
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Mislim da nije razumio da ga ja ne tražim novce.
16:57
I don't think he understood
that I wasn't asking for funding.
that I wasn't asking for funding.
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Ja sam njemu davala ponudu. (pljesak)
17:03
I was making him an offer.
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17:07
(Applause)
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17:14
What troubled me was that this
top-down approach is still around.
top-down approach is still around.
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Ono što me smeta je da je ovaj pristup "odozgo prema dolje" još uvijek tu.
Nemojte me krivo shvatiti, nama treba novac. (smijeh)
17:20
Now, don't get me wrong, we need money.
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17:21
(Laughter)
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17:23
But grassroots groups
are needed at the table
are needed at the table
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Ali grupe građana su potrebne za stolom tijekom procesa odlučivanja.
17:27
during the decision-making process.
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Uz 90% energije za koju nas je g. Gore podsjetio da je svakoga dana rasipamo,
17:30
Of the 90 percent of the energy
that Mr. Gore reminded us
that Mr. Gore reminded us
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17:34
that we waste every day,
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nemojte tome dodavati rasipanje naše energije, inteligencije
17:35
don't add wasting our energy, intelligence
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i teško stečenog iskustva. (pljesak)
17:39
and hard-earned experience to that count.
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17:42
(Applause)
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5463
Došla sam izdaleka da bismo se ovako susreli.
17:48
I have come from so far
to meet you like this.
to meet you like this.
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Molim, nemojte me odbaciti. Radeći zajedno,
17:56
Please don't waste me.
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18:00
By working together,
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možemo postati jedna od onih malih, brzo rastućih skupina pojedinaca
18:01
we can become one of those small,
rapidly-growing groups of individuals
rapidly-growing groups of individuals
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koji istinski neustrašivo i hrabro vjeruju da doista možemo promijenti svijet.
18:06
who actually have the audacity and courage
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18:08
to believe that we actually
can change the world.
can change the world.
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2631
Možda smo na ovu konferenciju došli iz vrlo, vrlo različitih životnih situacija,
18:12
We might have come to this conference
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1770
18:13
from very, very different
stations in life,
stations in life,
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ali vjerujte mi, nama je zajedničko nešto izuzetno moćno -
18:16
but believe me, we all share
one incredibly powerful thing.
one incredibly powerful thing.
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nemamo što izgubiti, a možemo sve dobiti.
18:23
We have nothing to lose
and everything to gain.
and everything to gain.
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Ciao bellos! (pljesak)
18:28
Ciao, bellos!
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18:29
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justiceMajora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA.
Why you should listen
Majora Carter is a visionary voice in city planning who views urban renewal through an environmental lens. The South Bronx native draws a direct connection between ecological, economic and social degradation. Hence her motto: "Green the ghetto!"
With her inspired ideas and fierce persistence, Carter managed to bring the South Bronx its first open-waterfront park in 60 years, Hunts Point Riverside Park. Then she scored $1.25 million in federal funds for a greenway along the South Bronx waterfront, bringing the neighborhood open space, pedestrian and bike paths, and space for mixed-use economic development.
Her success is no surprise to anyone who's seen her speak; Carter's confidence, energy and intensely emotional delivery make her talks themselves a force of nature. (The release of her TEDTalk in 2006 prompted Guy Kawasaki to wonder on his blog whether she wasn't "every bit as good as [Apple CEO] Steve Jobs," a legendary presenter.)
Carter, who was awarded a 2005 MacArthur "genius" grant, served as executive director of Sustainable South Bronx for 7 years, where she pushed both for eco-friendly practices (such as green and cool roofs) and, equally important, job training and green-related economic development for her vibrant neighborhood on the rise. Since leaving SSBx in 2008, Carter has formed the economic consulting and planning firm the Majora Carter Group, to bring her pioneering approach to communities far outside the South Bronx. Carter is working within the cities of New Orleans, Detroit and the small coastal towns of Northeastern North Carolina. The Majora Carter Group is putting the green economy and green economic tools to use, unlocking the potential of every place -- from urban cities and rural communities, to universities, government projects, businesses and corporations -- and everywhere else in between.
Majora Carter | Speaker | TED.com