TEDIndia 2009
Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition
Kavita Ramdas: Radikalne žene koje prihvaćaju tradiciju
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Kako izgleda jedna osnažena žena? Može li ona nositi burku, hidžab, sari? Kavita Ramdas govori o tri izvanredne žene koje veličaju svoje kulturno nasljeđe -- dok u isto vrijeme rade na reformi njegovih okrutnih tradicija.
Kavita Ramdas - Philanthropist
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
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Salaam. Namaskar.
00:18
Good morning.
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Dobro jutro.
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
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S obzirom na moj TED profil, vjerojatno očekujete
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
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da ću vam govoriti o
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
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najnovijim filantropskim trendovima --
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
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o onome o kojemu Wall Street
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
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i Svjetska banka trenutno bruje --
00:30
how to invest in women,
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kako uložiti u žene,
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
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kako ih osnažiti, kako ih spasiti.
00:35
Not me.
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Ali ne ja.
00:37
I am interested in how women
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Mene zanima kako žene
00:39
are saving us.
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spašavaju nas.
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
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Spašavaju nas iznova definirajući i zamišljajući
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
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budućnost koja prkosi i zamagljuje
00:47
accepted polarities,
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prihvaćene suprotnosti,
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
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suprotnosti koje smo dugo uzimali zdravo za gotovo,
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
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poput onih između suvremenosti i tradicije,
00:55
First World and Third World,
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razvijenih zemalja i onih u razvoju,
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
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ugnjetavanja i mogućnosti.
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
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Usred zastrašujućih izazova s kojima smo
01:02
we face as a global community,
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kao globalna zajednica suočeni,
01:04
there's something about
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ima nečega u ovoj
01:06
this third way raga
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melodiji promjene
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
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zbog koje moje srce pjeva.
01:10
What intrigues me most
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Ono što me najviše zanima
01:12
is how women are doing this,
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jest kako žene to rade,
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
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unatoč skupu paradoksa,
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
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frustrirajućih i fascinantnih u isto vrijeme.
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
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Zašto su žene, s jedne strane,
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
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okrutno ugnjetavane kulturnim običajima,
01:25
and yet at the same time,
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a u isto su vrijeme
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
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one te koje će u većini društava kulturu očuvati?
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
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Je li hidžab, odnosno marama
01:32
a symbol of submission
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simbol pokornosti
01:34
or resistance?
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ili otpora?
01:36
When so many women and girls
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Kad je toliko žena i djevojaka
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
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svakodnevno prebijeno, silovano
01:41
on a daily basis
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i osakaćeno
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
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zbog svakojakih razloga --
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
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časti, religije, nacionalnosti --
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
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što omogućava ženama da ponovno posade drveće,
01:50
to rebuild societies,
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da izgrade društva,
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
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da predvode radikalne, nenasilne pokrete
01:54
for social change?
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za društvenu promjenu?
01:56
Is it different women
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Jesu li to različite žene
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
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koje rade na očuvanju i na radikaliziranju?
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
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Ili su one jedna, ista žena?
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
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Jesmo li krivi, kako nas je Chimamanda Adichie podsjetila
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
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na TED konferenciji u Oxfordu,
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
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za pretpostavljanje da postoji samo jedna priča
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
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o borbama žena za svoja prava,
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
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dok ih, zapravo, ima mnogo?
02:15
And what, if anything,
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I što, ako išta,
02:17
do men have to do with it?
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muškarci imaju s tim?
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
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Većina moga života bilo je traganje
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
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za odgovorima na ova pitanja.
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
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Odvelo me u sve krajeve svijeta
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
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i upoznala sam neke nevjerojatne ljude.
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
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Tijekom toga, skupila sam nekoliko dijelova
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
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koji su mi pomogli da shvatim ovu slagalicu.
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
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Među onima koji su mi pomogli da shvatim
02:36
to a third way
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novi način
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
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jesu: pobožna muslimanka iz Afganistana,
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
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skupina raspjevanih lezbijki iz Hrvatske
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
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i kršiteljica tabua iz Liberije.
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
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Dužnica sam im,
02:49
as I am to my parents,
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kao i svojim roditeljima,
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
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koji su zbog nekih nepodopština u prošlome životu
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
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bili blagoslovljeni trima kćerima u ovome.
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
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Iz nekih, meni nejasnih razloga,
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
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oni su, čini se, neizmjerno ponosni na nas tri.
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
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Rođena sam i odrasla ovdje, u Indiji,
03:05
and I learned from an early age
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i u ranoj sam dobi naučila da
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
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treba biti sumnjičav prema rodbini koja
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
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bi se sagnula, potapšala nas po glavi
03:12
and then say to my parents
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i rekla mojim roditeljima
03:14
with no problem at all,
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bez suzdržavanja,
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
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"Jadni vi. Imate jedino tri kćeri.
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
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No mladi ste, još uvijek možete pokušati."
03:22
My sense of outrage
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Moj osjećaj bijesa
03:24
about women's rights
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u vezi prava žena
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
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kulminirao je kad mi je bilo oko 11 godina.
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
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Moja tetka, nevjerojatno rječita
03:32
and brilliant woman,
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i briljantna žena,
03:34
was widowed early.
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rano je ostala udovicom.
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
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Oko nje se skupilo jato rođaka.
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
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Skinuli su njezin raznobojni sari.
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
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Natjerali su ju da nosi bijeli.
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
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Obrisali su joj bindi s čela.
03:48
They broke her bangles.
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Razbili narukvice.
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
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Njezina kći, Rani,
03:52
a few years older than me,
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nekoliko godina starija od mene,
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
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zbunjeno je sjedila u njezinu krilu,
03:56
not knowing what had happened
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ne shvaćajući što se dogodilo
03:58
to the confident woman
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samouvjerenoj ženi
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
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koju ju je znala kao svoju majku.
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
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Kasno te večeri, čula sam svoju majku
04:04
begging my father,
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kako preklinje oca:
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
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"Molim te, učini nešto, Ramu. Ne možeš li se umiješati?"
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
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Zatim je moj otac tiho promrmljao:
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
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"Ja sam samo najmlađi brat, ne mogu ništa učiniti.
04:16
This is tradition."
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To je tradicija."
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
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Te sam večeri naučila pravila
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
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o tome što znači biti žensko u ovome svijetu.
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
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Žene ne smišljaju ta pravila,
04:26
but they define us, and they define
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ali ona određuju nas, i određuju
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
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naše mogućnosti i naše prilike.
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
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Ta pravila utječu i na muškarce.
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
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Moj otac, koji se borio u tri rata,
04:37
could not save his own sister
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nije mogao spasiti vlastitu sestru
04:39
from this suffering.
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od ove patnje.
04:45
By 18,
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Do 18. sam godine,
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
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pod izvrsnim vodstvom svoje majke,
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
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postala, kako ste možda već i pogodili,
04:51
defiantly feminist.
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prkosna feministkinja.
04:53
On the streets chanting,
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Na ulicama sam pjevala,
04:55
"[Hindi]
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"[Hindi]
04:57
[Hindi]
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[Hindi]
04:59
We are the women of India.
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Mi smo žene Indije.
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
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Nismo cvijeće, mi smo iskre promjene."
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
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Kad sam stigla u Peking 1995.,
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
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već mi je bilo jasno da je jedini način
05:09
to achieve gender equality
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da se postigne jednakost spolova
05:11
was to overturn centuries
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bio da se sruše stoljeća
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
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okrutne tradicije.
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
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Nedugo nakon povratka iz Pekinga,
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
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spremno sam prihvatila priliku da radim za divnu organizaciju
05:20
founded by women,
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koju su osnovale žene
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
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kako bi podržale prava žena diljem svijeta.
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
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No, nakon jedva šest mjeseci na tom poslu,
05:29
I met a woman
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upoznala sam ženu
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
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zbog koje sam morala posumnjatiu sve svoje pretpostavke.
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
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Njezino je ime Sakena Yacoobi.
05:38
She walked into my office
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Ušetala je u moj ured
05:40
at a time when no one knew
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u vrijeme kad nitko u SAD-u
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
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nije znao gdje se nalazi Afganistan.
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
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Rekla mi je: "Nije stvar u burki."
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
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Bila je najodlučniji zagovaratelj
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
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prava žena kojega sam ikad čula.
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
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Rekla mi je da žene drže i vode tajne škole
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
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u njezinim zajednicama u Afganistanu,
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
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te da je njezina udruga, Afganistanski institut za učenje,
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
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otvorila školu u Pakistanu.
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
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Rekla je: "Jedna stvar koju zna svaki musliman
06:09
is that the Koran requires
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jest ta da Kuran zahtijeva
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
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i snažno potiče pismenost.
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
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Prorok je želio da svaki vjernik
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
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bude u mogućnosti sam čitati Kuran."
06:19
Had I heard right?
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Jesam li dobro čula?
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
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Zar se to zagovarateljlica prava žena
06:23
invoking religion?
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pozivala na religiju?
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
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No, Sakena prezire etikete.
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
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Oko glave uvijek nosi maramu,
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
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no hodala sam uz nju na plaži, gdje svoju
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
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dugu kosu pusti da leti na povjetarcu.
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
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Svako predavanje započinje molitvom,
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
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no ona je sama, borbena,
06:41
financially independent woman
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financijski neovisna žena
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
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u zemlji gdje djevojke daju u brak s 12 godina.
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
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Također je neizmjerno pragmatična.
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
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"Ova marama i odjeća", kaže,
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
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"daju mi slobodu da radim što moram kako bih
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
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razgovarala s onima čije su potpora i pomoć
06:58
are critical for this work.
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ključne za ovaj posao.
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
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Kada sam trebala otvoriti školu u izbjegličkom kampu,
07:03
I went to see the imam.
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posjetila sam imama.
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
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Rekla sam mu: 'Ja sam vjernica, a žene i djeca
07:08
in these terrible conditions
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u ovim užasnim uvjetima
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
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trebaju vjeru kako bi preživjeli.'"
07:13
She smiles slyly.
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Lukavo se nasmiješila.
07:15
"He was flattered.
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"Bio je polaskan.
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
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Počeo je dolaziti dvaput tjedno u moj centar,
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
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budući da žene nisu mogle ući u džamiju.
07:22
And after he would leave,
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Nakon što bi otišao,
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
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žene i djevojke su ostajale.
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
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Počeli smo s malim satovima pisanja
07:28
to read the Koran,
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i čitanja Kurana,
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
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zatim sa satom matematike, zatim engleskog, pa informatike.
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
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Kroz nekoliko tjedana, svi iz izbjegličkog kampa
07:36
was in our classes."
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počeli su pohađati te satove."
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
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Sakena je učiteljica
07:41
at a time when to educate women
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u vrijeme kad je obrazovanje žena
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
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u Afganistanu opasan posao.
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
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Na talibanskoj je listi za odstrel.
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
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Brinem se za nju svaki put kad putuje kroz tu zemlju.
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
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Ona samo slegne ramenima kad ju pitam za sigurnost.
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
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"Kavita jaan, ne možemo si dopustiti strah.
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
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Pogledaj sve ove djevojke koje se vraćaju u školu
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
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nakon što im bace kiselinu u lice."
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
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Samo se nasmijem i kimnem,
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
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shvativši da gledam žene i djevojke
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
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koje koriste vlastite religijske tradicije i običaje
08:09
turning them into instruments
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i pretvaraju ih u sredstva
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
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otpora i novih prilika.
08:14
Their path is their own
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Njihov je put samo njihov
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
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i vodi prema Afganistanu
08:19
that will be different.
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koji će biti drugačiji.
08:21
Being different is something the women
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Biti drugačijima nešto je što žene
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
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Le Zbora u Zagrebu, u Hrvatskoj
08:25
know all too well.
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znaju i više nego dobro.
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
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Biti lezbijka, lezbača,
08:29
a homosexual
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homoseksualac,
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
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u većini dijelova svijeta, pa tako i ovdje
08:33
in our country, India,
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u našoj zemlji, Indiji,
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
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znači biti izložen beskrajnoj nelagodi
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
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i ekstremnim predrasudama.
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
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U postkonfliktnim društvima poput Hrvatske,
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
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gdje su hipernacionalizam i religioznost
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
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stvorili nepodnošljivu okolinu
08:47
for anyone who might
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za bilo koga tko bi se mogao
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
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smatrati društvenim izopćenikom.
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
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Pogledajmo skupinu priznatih lezbi,
08:53
young women who love the old music
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mladih žena koje vole staru glazbu
08:56
that once spread across that region
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koja se nekada orila tom regijom
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
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od Makedonije do Bosne,
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
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od Srbije do Slovenije.
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
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Te pjevačice narodne glazbe upoznale su se na rodnim studijama.
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
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Mnoge imaju 20-ak godina, neke su majke.
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
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Mnoge su se mučile da se otkriju svojim zajednicama,
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
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obiteljima čija religijska uvjerenja otežavaju da prihvate
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
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da njihove kćeri nisu bolesne,
09:17
just queer.
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samo neobične.
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
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Lea, jedna od osnivačica skupine, kaže:
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
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"Jako volim tradicionalnu glazbu.
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
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Također volim rock and roll.
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
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U Le Zboru, spajamo to dvoje.
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
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Smatram tradicionalnu glazbu nekom vrstom pobune,
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
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u kojoj ljudi zbilja mogu reći što misle,
09:34
especially traditional songs
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posebno tradicionalne pjesme
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
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iz drugih dijelova bivše Jugoslavije.
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
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Nakon rata, mnogo je tih pjesama izgubljeno,
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
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no, one su dio našega djetinjstva i naše povijesti
09:43
and we should not forget them."
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i ne bismo ih trebali zaboraviti."
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
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Začudo, ovaj LGBT zbor
09:48
has demonstrated how women
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pokazao je kako žene
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
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ulažu u tradiciju kako bi potaknule promjenu,
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
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poput alkemičarki pretvaraju nesklad u sklad.
09:56
Their repertoire includes
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Njihov repertoar uključuje
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
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hrvatsku himnu,
10:00
a Bosnian love song
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bosansku ljubavnu pjesmu
10:02
and Serbian duets.
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i srpske duete.
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
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Lea sa smiješkom dodaje:
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
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"Kavita, izrazito se ponosimo našom božićnom glazbom,
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
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jer pokazuje da smo otvorene prema religiji
10:12
even though Catholic Church
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iako Katolička crkva
10:14
hates us LGBT."
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mrzi LGBT."
10:16
Their concerts draw from
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Inspiraciju pronalaze u
10:18
their own communities, yes,
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vlastitim zajednicama, istina,
10:20
but also from an older generation:
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no također i u starijoj generaciji:
10:22
a generation that might be
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generaciji koja možda osjeća
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
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sumnju prema homoseksualnosti,
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
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ali i nostalgiju prema svojoj glazbi i prošlosti koju predstavlja.
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
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Jedan otac, koji je isprva sprječavao kćer da se
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
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otkrije u takvome zboru,
10:34
now writes songs for them.
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sada za njih piše pjesme.
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
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U Srednjem su vijeku trubaduri
10:38
would travel across the land
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putovali diljem zemlje
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
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pjevajući svoje priče i stihove:
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
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Le Zbor tako putuje Balkanom,
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
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pjevajući, spajajući ljude podijeljene
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
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religijom, nacionalnošću i jezikom.
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
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Bošnjaci, Hrvati i Srbi
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
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dijele rijedak zajednički osjećaj ponosa u svojoj povijesti,
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
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a Le Zbor ih podsjeća da
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
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pjesme koje jedan narod često svojata
11:01
really belong to them all.
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zapravo pripadaju svima njima.
11:03
(Singing)
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(Pjevanje)
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
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Jučer nam je Mallika Sarabhai pokazala
11:25
that music can create a world
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da glazba može stvoriti svijet
11:27
more accepting of difference
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koji prihvaća različitost
11:29
than the one we have been given.
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spremnije nego ovaj u kojem živimo.
11:32
The world Layma Bowie was given
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Svijet u kojem je Leymah Gbowee živjela
11:34
was a world at war.
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bio je svijet u ratu.
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
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Liberija je desetljećima razdirana građanskom sukobom.
11:40
Layma was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
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Leymah nije bila aktivistkinja, bila je majka troje djece.
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
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No, razdirala ju je briga.
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
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Brinula se da će joj oteti sina
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
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i učiniti ga malim vojnikom,
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
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bojala se da će joj kćeri biti silovane,
11:51
she worried for their lives.
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bojala se za njihove živote.
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
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Jedne je noći usnula san.
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
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Sanjala je da su ona i tisuće drugih žena
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
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stale na kraj krvoproliću.
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
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Idućeg je jutra u crkvi druge pitala što misle o tome.
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
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Svima je bilo dosta borbe.
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
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Želimo mir i želimo da naši vođe znaju
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
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da nećemo mirovati dok ne nastupi mir.
12:11
Among Layma's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
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Među Leyminim prijateljicama bila je policajka, muslimanka.
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
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Obećala je da će problem iznijeti svojoj zajednici.
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
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Idućeg petka na misi,
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
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žene koje su sjedile u posebnoj prostoriji džamije
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
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izrazile su zabrinutost oko stanja stvari.
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
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"Kakve veze ima?" rekle su, "Metak ne razlikuje
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
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muslimana od kršćanina."
12:29
This small group of women,
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Ova mala skupina žena,
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
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odlučna da stane ratu na kraj,
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
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uzele su tradiciju kao oruđe kojim bi nešto dokazale:
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
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žene Liberije obično nose
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
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mnoštvo nakita i šarenu odjeću.
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
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Međutim, za protest su se odjenule
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
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u bijelo, nenašminkane.
12:44
As Layma said, "We wore the white
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Leymah je rekla, "Obukle smo bijelo
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
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da pokažemo da smo tu zbog mira."
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
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Stale su na stranu ceste na kojoj je
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
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povorka Charlesa Taylora prolazila svaki dan.
12:52
They stood for weeks --
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Stajale su tjednima --
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
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prvo njih 10, zatim 20, pa 50, zatim stotine žena --
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
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sve u bijelom, pjevajući, plešući,
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
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govoreći da su tu za mir.
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
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Naposljetku, suprotstavljene snage Liberije
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
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bile su prisiljene održati mirovne pregovore u Gani.
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
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Pregovori su se odužili u nedogled.
13:12
Layma and her sisters had had enough.
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Leymi i njenim sestrama bilo je dosta.
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
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S preostalim su sredstvima povele
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
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malu skupinu žena do mjesta mirovnih pregovora
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
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i opkolile zgradu.
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
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U poznatom CNN-ovom isječku
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
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može ih se vidjeti kako isprepletenih ruku sjede na zemlji.
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
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Mi u Indiji znamo za ovo. Zove se [Hindi].
13:29
Then things get tense.
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Stvari postaju napete.
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
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Pozvana je policija da fizičkom silom odvede žene.
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
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Kako se policajac približavao s pendrekom,
13:37
Layma stands up with deliberation,
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tako je Leymah promišljeno ustala,
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
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podigla ruke iznad glave
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
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i, vrlo polako, počela
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
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razmotavati maramu koja joj je pokrivala kosu.
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
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Moglo se vidjeti policajčevo lice.
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
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Izgledao je posramljeno. Ustuknuo je.
13:52
And the next thing you know,
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I prije nego se itko snašao,
13:54
the police have disappeared.
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policija je nestala.
13:56
Layma said to me later,
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Leymah mi je kasnije rekla:
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
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"Znaš, to je tabu u Zapadnoj Africi.
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
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Ako se starija žena razodjene pred muškarcem
14:04
because she wants to,
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jer ona to želi,
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
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njegova je obitelj prokleta."
14:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:10
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
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Rekla je: "Ne znam je li to učinio jer je vjerovao u to,
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
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ali znao je da mi ne kanimo otići.
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
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Nismo mislile otići dok mirovni sporazum ne bude potpisan."
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
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Sporazum je i bio potpisan.
14:22
And the women of Liberia
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Žene Liberije tada su
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
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krenule u potporu Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
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ženi koja je i sama kršila tabue postavši
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
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prvom ženom koja je izabrana na čelo države u Africi
14:31
in Africa in years.
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nakon mnogo godina.
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
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Kad je držala svoj predsjednički govor,
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
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odala je priznanje ovim hrabrim ženama Liberije,
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
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koje su joj omoguće da odnese pobjedu
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
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nad nogometnom zvijezdom,
14:45
no less.
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ništa manje.
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
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Zbog žena poput Sakene i Lee
14:49
and Layma
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i Leyme
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
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postala sam skromnija i promijenila sam se.
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
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Zbog njih sam shvatila da ne trebam brzati
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
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prema bilo kakvim zaključcima.
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
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Također su me spasile od moga pravedničkog bijesa
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
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pokazujući mi ovaj treći način.
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
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Jedna filipinska aktivistica jednom mi je rekla:
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
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"Kako ispeći kolač od riže?
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
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Vrućinom odozdo i vrućinom odozgo."
15:14
The protests, the marches,
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Protesti, marševi,
15:16
the uncompromising position that
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nepopustljiv stav da su
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
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prava žena ljudska prava, točka.
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
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To je vrućina odozdo.
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
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To su Malcolm X i sufražetkinje
15:26
and gay pride parades.
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i gay pride parade.
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
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No, trebamo i vrućinu odozgo.
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
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A u većem dijelu svijeta,
15:32
that top is still
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taj vrh još uvijek
15:34
controlled by men.
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drže muškarci.
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
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Da parafraziram Marxa: Žene prave promjenu,
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
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ali ne u okolnostima koje su same izabrale.
15:42
They have to negotiate.
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Moraju pregovarati.
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
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Moraju rušiti tradiciju koja ih je nekoć ušutkavala
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
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kako bi dale glas novim težnjama.
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
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Trebaju im i saveznici iz njihovih zajednica.
15:53
Allies like the imam,
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Saveznici poput imama,
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
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saveznici poput oca koji sada piše pjesme
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
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za lezbijsku skupinu iz Hrvatske,
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
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saveznici poput policajca koji je ispoštovao tabu i ustuknuo,
16:03
allies like my father,
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saveznici poput mog oca,
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
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koji nije mogao pomoći sestri, no pomogao je trima kćerima
16:08
pursue their dreams.
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da slijede snove.
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
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Možda je tako jer feminizam,
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
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za razliku od gotovo svih drugih društvenih pokreta,
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
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nije borba protiv određenog tiranina --
16:17
it's not the ruling class
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ne bori se protiv vladajućih,
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
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niti okupatora ili kolonizatora --
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
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to je borba protiv duboko ukorijenjenih uvjerenja i pretpostavki
16:25
that we women, far too often,
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u koje mi, žene, prečesto,
16:28
hold ourselves.
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i same vjerujemo.
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
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Možda je konačni dar feminizma taj
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
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da je ono osobno u stvari političko.
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
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Tako da, kako je Eleanor Roosevelt jednom rekla za ljudska prava,
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
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isto vrijedi i za jednakost spolova:
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
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počinje na malim mjestima, blizu doma.
16:44
On the streets, yes,
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Na ulicama, istina,
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
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ali i u raspravama za kuhinjskim stolom
16:49
and in the marital bed
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i u bračnoj postelji,
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
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i u vezama između ljubavnika i roditelja,
16:53
and sisters and friends.
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i sestara i prijatelja.
16:57
And then
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Zatim
16:59
you realize that by integrating
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shvatite da integrirajući
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
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aspekte tradicije i zajednice
17:03
into their struggles,
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u svoje borbe,
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Layma --
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žene poput Sakene, Lee i Leyme --
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
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ali i žene poput Sonie Gandhi ovdje u Indiji
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
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i Michelle Bachelet u Čileu
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
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i Shirin Ebadi u Iranu --
17:16
are doing something else.
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rade nešo drugo.
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
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One osporavaju samu ideju
17:20
of Western models of development.
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zapadnjačkih modela razvoja.
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
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Govore: ne moramo biti poput vas da bismo
17:26
to make change.
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nešto promijenile.
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
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Možemo nositi sari ili hidžab,
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
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hlače ili boubou,
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
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i možemo biti stranački vođe i predsjednice
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
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i odvjetnice za ljudska prava.
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
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Možemo iskoristiti svoju tradiciju da usmjerimo promjenu.
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
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Možemo demilitarizirati društva,
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
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a resursima puniti
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
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rezervoare istinske sigurnosti.
17:50
It is in these little stories,
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Upravo u ovim malim pričama,
17:53
these individual stories,
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ovim individualnim pričama,
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
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vidim radikalni ep koji pišu
17:57
by women around the world.
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žene diljem svijeta.
17:59
It is in these threads
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Upravo u ovim nitima
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
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koje se šiju u tkaninu otpora
18:03
that will sustain communities,
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koja će poduprijeti zajednice,
18:06
that I find hope.
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nalazim nadu.
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
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I ako moje srce pjeva,
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
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to je zato što u ovim komadićima,
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
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svako malo uhvatimo dašak
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
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novog, potpuno novog svijeta.
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
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Ona je definitovno dolazi.
18:21
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:23
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kavita Ramdas - PhilanthropistKavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders.
Why you should listen
Kavita Ramdas is president and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, a publicly supported grantmaking foundation that advances human rights by investing in women-led organizations worldwide. Over the past 22 years, the Global Fund has provided more than 7,000 grants, reaching more than 3,000 groups. Since Ramdas took the reins, the fund's assets have more than tripled -- and so has the number of countries the group works in, now at 170.
The Global Fund for Women contributes to groups that improve women's economic security, work to end gender-based violence, increase access to education at all stages of life, provide critical health services and encourage women to take leadership roles in the public sector. In interviews, Ramdas has said that grantmakers can learn as much from applicants as applicants do from them. This is a philosophy she employs at Global Fund, where grants are often given with as few strings attached as possible, and proposals are accepted in any language. Her vision stands to change the game, not only in women's rights but in philanthropy as a whole.
Kavita Ramdas | Speaker | TED.com