TEDIndia 2009
Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition
卡維塔.朗姆達斯：崇尚傳統的非凡女性
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
589,855 views
有權力的女人是什麼樣子的？她能穿罩袍，戴面紗或穿莎麗嗎？朗姆達斯講述了三位非凡的女性在在歌頌她們的文化傳統的同時，也在努力改革這些傳統中壓迫性的習俗。
Kavita Ramdas - Philanthropist
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
0
1000
2000
大家好
00:18
Good morning.
1
3000
2000
早上好。
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
2
5000
2000
根據我的TED簡介, 你們可能在期待
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
3
7000
2000
我是來談論
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
4
9000
2000
最近很流行的慈善話題，
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
5
11000
2000
也就是目前在華爾街
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
6
13000
2000
與世界銀行内部都引發了熱烈討論的一個話題：
00:30
how to invest in women,
7
15000
2000
該如何在女性身上投資，
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
8
17000
3000
該如何賦予女性權力以及該如何拯救她們。
00:35
Not me.
9
20000
2000
但這並不是我今天要談的。
00:37
I am interested in how women
10
22000
2000
我對女性如何拯救大眾
00:39
are saving us.
11
24000
2000
比較感興趣。
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
12
26000
3000
女性拯救我們的方式，是重新定義及重塑一個
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
13
29000
3000
挑戰並消除
00:47
accepted polarities,
14
32000
2000
普遍存在的分歧的未來。
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
15
34000
3000
長期以來，我們都認爲這些分歧是理所當然的，
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
16
37000
3000
比如説現代性和傳統之間的分歧，
00:55
First World and Third World,
17
40000
3000
比如説第一世界國家與第三世界國家之間的分歧，
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
18
43000
2000
壓制與機遇的分歧。
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
19
45000
2000
在一個地球村中，
01:02
we face as a global community,
20
47000
2000
我們面臨的挑戰是驚人的，
01:04
there's something about
21
49000
2000
而其中有一種
01:06
this third way raga
22
51000
2000
如拉格調子（印度教的一種傳統曲調）一般的第三方式
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
23
53000
2000
讓我的心在歌唱。
01:10
What intrigues me most
24
55000
2000
最使我着迷的，
01:12
is how women are doing this,
25
57000
2000
是女性如何做到這些的，
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
26
59000
2000
縱使其間有一堆
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
27
61000
3000
令人沮喪又令人着迷的悖論。
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
28
64000
3000
爲什麽女性一方面
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
29
67000
3000
被文化習俗不懷好意地壓迫着，
01:25
and yet at the same time,
30
70000
2000
而另一方面，
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
31
72000
3000
她們又是許多社會中文化的保護者？
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
32
75000
2000
戴面紗或裹頭巾
01:32
a symbol of submission
33
77000
2000
是象徵屈服
01:34
or resistance?
34
79000
2000
還是抗拒？
01:36
When so many women and girls
35
81000
3000
有這麽多的女人和女孩子
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
36
84000
2000
被打、被強姦、被致殘
01:41
on a daily basis
37
86000
2000
每天都有，
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
38
88000
2000
而人們把各種各樣的原因
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
39
90000
2000
歸咎與榮譽、宗教和國籍。
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
40
92000
3000
女性還能凴什麽去改植樹木，
01:50
to rebuild societies,
41
95000
2000
去重建社會
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
42
97000
2000
去領導全新的非暴力運動，
01:54
for social change?
43
99000
2000
從而為社會帶來改變呢？
01:56
Is it different women
44
101000
2000
難道進行改革的女性和
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
45
103000
3000
保留傳統的女性不是同一類？
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
46
106000
2000
還是說她們是同一類，而且都是一樣的？
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
47
108000
3000
是否如恩戈阿迪契在
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
48
111000
2000
一個在牛津舉行的TED會議上所提醒我們時說的，
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
49
113000
3000
我們總是假設
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
50
116000
2000
女性在爭取自己權力的時候只有一種情況，
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
51
118000
2000
而實際上，情況是很多的。我們是否爲此而感到内疚？
02:15
And what, if anything,
52
120000
2000
如果有，
02:17
do men have to do with it?
53
122000
2000
男性們又和這有什麽關係嗎？
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
54
124000
2000
我生活的大部分時間都在探索，
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
55
126000
3000
以期能尋找到一些答案。
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
56
129000
2000
這種探索帶領我環游全球，
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
57
131000
2000
並讓我認識了許多出色的人。
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
58
133000
3000
在探索的過程中，我收集了一些片斷，
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
59
136000
3000
使我的謎團開始逐渐清晰起來。
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
60
139000
2000
在衆多用第三种方式幫助過我
02:36
to a third way
61
141000
2000
大開眼界的人中，
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
62
143000
3000
包括一名在阿富汗的虔誠的穆斯林女人，
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
63
146000
3000
一群在克羅地亞的和睦的女同性戀
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
64
149000
3000
和一位在利比里亞打破禁忌的女人。
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
65
152000
2000
我非常感激她們，
02:49
as I am to my parents,
66
154000
2000
如我感激我的父母一般。
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
67
156000
3000
我的父母在世時曾經有過一些不軌的行爲，
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
68
159000
3000
但有着三位女兒的祝福。
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
69
162000
2000
但雖然我也不知是什麽原因，
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
70
164000
3000
他們卻非常以我們三姐妹而自豪。
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
71
168000
2000
我在印度出生和長大，
03:05
and I learned from an early age
72
170000
2000
我很小的時候
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
73
172000
3000
就很懷疑我的姑媽阿姨和叔叔伯伯
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
74
175000
2000
他們總是彎下腰，拍着我們的頭
03:12
and then say to my parents
75
177000
2000
然後沒事般跟
03:14
with no problem at all,
76
179000
2000
我的父母親說：
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
77
181000
3000
真可憐。你只有三個女兒。
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
78
184000
3000
不過你還年輕。你們還可以再生。”
03:22
My sense of outrage
79
187000
2000
我對女性權利的
03:24
about women's rights
80
189000
2000
的憤慨被激發了，
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
81
192000
3000
那年我只有11嵗。
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
82
195000
2000
我的姑姑是一位口齒非常淩利
03:32
and brilliant woman,
83
197000
2000
和聰明的女人，
03:34
was widowed early.
84
199000
3000
她很年輕的時候就成了寡婦。
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
85
202000
3000
一群的親戚都看不起她。
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
86
205000
2000
他們把她彩色的莎麗脫了下來，
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
87
207000
3000
而給了她一件白色的莎麗。
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
88
210000
3000
他們把她額頭上的紅點也擦掉了，
03:48
They broke her bangles.
89
213000
2000
還把她的鐲子給打碎了。
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
90
215000
2000
她的女兒，拉尼，
03:52
a few years older than me,
91
217000
2000
比我大幾嵗，
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
92
219000
2000
跪坐在膝上，迷惑着，
03:56
not knowing what had happened
93
221000
2000
不知道她的母親，
03:58
to the confident woman
94
223000
2000
一個自信的女人，
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
95
225000
2000
到底在她身上發生了什麽事情。
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
96
227000
2000
那天晚上，我聽到我母親
04:04
begging my father,
97
229000
2000
乞求般跟我的父親說：
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
98
231000
3000
“拉姆，求求你為她做點什麽吧。你不能出面嗎？”
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
99
234000
3000
而我的父親小聲咕噥着說：
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
100
238000
3000
“我是兄弟們中最小的，我做不了什麽。
04:16
This is tradition."
101
241000
2000
這是慣例。”
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
102
243000
2000
那個晚上，我意識到這些常規對
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
103
245000
3000
在這個世界上對女性意味着什麽。
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
104
249000
2000
女性並沒有製造這些慣例，
04:26
but they define us, and they define
105
251000
2000
但這些慣例卻界定了女性及界定了
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
106
253000
2000
女性的機遇和機會。
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
107
255000
3000
而男性們也被這些慣例影響着。
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
108
258000
3000
我的父親，他參加過三次戰爭，
04:37
could not save his own sister
109
262000
2000
卻無法把他自己的妹妹從痛苦中
04:39
from this suffering.
110
264000
2000
拯救出來。
04:45
By 18,
111
270000
2000
當我18嵗的時候，
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
112
272000
2000
在我母親優秀的監護下，
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
113
274000
2000
我正如你們可能所預想的
04:51
defiantly feminist.
114
276000
2000
成爲了一名大膽的女權主義者。
04:53
On the streets chanting,
115
278000
2000
在街上頌唱：
04:55
"[Hindi]
116
280000
2000
“印度語”
04:57
[Hindi]
117
282000
2000
“印度語”
04:59
We are the women of India.
118
284000
3000
“我們是印度的女人。
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
119
287000
2000
我們不是鮮花，我們是變革的火花。”
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
120
289000
3000
直到我1995年去北京的時候，
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
121
292000
2000
我清楚地意識到，要取得
05:09
to achieve gender equality
122
294000
2000
性別平等唯一的方法，
05:11
was to overturn centuries
123
296000
2000
是推翻幾個世紀的
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
124
298000
2000
壓迫的傳統。
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
125
300000
2000
在從北京回來后不久，
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
126
302000
3000
我抓住了機會到一個機構工作。
05:20
founded by women,
127
305000
2000
這個機構是由女性創辦的，
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
128
307000
3000
主要是支持全球其他女權組織。
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
129
312000
2000
我工作后還不到六個月的時候，
05:29
I met a woman
130
314000
2000
我遇到了一位女士，
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
131
316000
3000
她迫使我挑戰我自己所有的假設。
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
132
319000
2000
她的名字叫薩奇娜.雅庫碧。
05:38
She walked into my office
133
323000
2000
她走進我的辦公室。
05:40
at a time when no one knew
134
325000
2000
那時候的美國，
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
135
327000
3000
沒有人知道阿富汗在哪。
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
136
332000
3000
她對我說：“與這身長袍無關。”
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
137
335000
2000
她是我所聽説的主張女權的
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
138
337000
2000
最堅定的分子。
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
139
339000
3000
她告訴我，在她的社區裏，
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
140
342000
3000
由女性舉辦的地下學校，
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
141
345000
2000
而她自己所在的機構，阿富汗學習學院，
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
142
347000
3000
也在巴基斯坦開了一所。
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
143
350000
3000
她說：“穆斯林人都知道的第一件事，
06:09
is that the Koran requires
144
354000
3000
是可蘭經要求
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
145
357000
3000
而且大力支持文化學習。
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
146
360000
2000
穆罕默德希望每個信徒
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
147
362000
2000
都能自己閲讀可蘭經。”
06:19
Had I heard right?
148
364000
2000
我有沒有聼錯？
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
149
366000
2000
主張喚醒宗教
06:23
invoking religion?
150
368000
3000
是女性的權利？
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
151
371000
2000
不過薩奇娜反對被標記。
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
152
373000
3000
她總是裹着頭巾。
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
153
376000
2000
但我也曾和她一起漫步在沙灘上，
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
154
378000
3000
她披散的長髮在微風中飛舞。
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
155
381000
2000
她每次講座前都會以祈禱開場，
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
156
383000
3000
但在一個女孩子12嵗就要被嫁掉的國家裏，
06:41
financially independent woman
157
386000
2000
她確是一個單身，活躍，
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
158
388000
3000
經濟獨立的女人。
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
159
391000
3000
而且她是一個非常實務的人。
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
160
395000
3000
她說：“這些頭巾和衣服，
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
161
398000
3000
給了我自由去與那些在這工作中
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
162
401000
2000
與一些人交談並得到他們
06:58
are critical for this work.
163
403000
3000
能起到關鍵作用的支持和協助。
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
164
406000
2000
當我要在難民營開一所學校的時候，
07:03
I went to see the imam.
165
408000
2000
我去找了教長。
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
166
410000
3000
我跟他說：“我是一位信徒，而女人和孩子
07:08
in these terrible conditions
167
413000
2000
在這可怕的條件下
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
168
415000
3000
需要靠他們的信仰來生存下去。”
07:13
She smiles slyly.
169
418000
2000
她俏皮地笑笑說：
07:15
"He was flattered.
170
420000
2000
“他覺得很榮幸。
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
171
422000
3000
於是他每週來兩次我的中心
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
172
425000
2000
因爲女人不能到寺廟去。
07:22
And after he would leave,
173
427000
2000
而當他要離開時，
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
174
429000
2000
婦女和女孩子們總是跟在後面。
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
175
431000
2000
我們開始了一班小型的掃盲班，
07:28
to read the Koran,
176
433000
2000
開始讀可蘭經，
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
177
435000
3000
然後開了數學班，然後英語班，再然後電腦班。
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
178
438000
3000
幾周后，難民營裏的每個人
07:36
was in our classes."
179
441000
2000
都來上我們的課。”
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
180
443000
3000
薩奇娜是一位老師。
07:41
at a time when to educate women
181
446000
3000
在當時的阿富汗教導女性是
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
182
449000
2000
一門危險的行業。
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
183
451000
3000
她在塔利班的襲擊名單裏。
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
184
454000
3000
每次她穿越那個國家的時候，我都替她擔心。
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
185
457000
3000
我問起她關於她的人身安全時，她只是聳了聳肩說：
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
186
460000
3000
“朋友卡維塔，我們不能讓自己害怕。
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
187
463000
2000
看看那些年輕的女孩子回學校時
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
188
465000
2000
即使被人潑往臉上潑硫酸的情景。”
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
189
467000
2000
聽到這，我微笑着點了點頭。
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
190
469000
2000
我意識到我自己正看着婦女和女孩子們
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
191
471000
3000
用她們宗教的傳統和慣例，
08:09
turning them into instruments
192
474000
2000
把壓迫和機會
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
193
476000
3000
變爲工具。
08:14
Their path is their own
194
479000
2000
她們的道路在她們腳下，
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
195
481000
3000
向著成爲不一樣的阿富汗人
08:19
that will be different.
196
484000
2000
延伸。
08:21
Being different is something the women
197
486000
2000
與衆不同，對於來自
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
198
488000
2000
克羅地亞萨格勒布的列玆波組合（樂隊名）的幾名女性來説
08:25
know all too well.
199
490000
2000
再熟悉不過了。
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
200
492000
2000
作爲同性戀者，女同性戀者，
08:29
a homosexual
201
494000
2000
有同性戀關係的人，
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
202
496000
2000
在世界上的許多國家，包括在這，
08:33
in our country, India,
203
498000
2000
印度，
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
204
500000
2000
都充滿了無限的苦惱
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
205
502000
2000
和極端的偏見。
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
206
504000
3000
在一個像克羅地亞這種衝突后的社會裏，
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
207
507000
3000
高度的愛國主義和宗教主義
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
208
510000
2000
創造了一種環境，就是不可容忍
08:47
for anyone who might
209
512000
2000
任何一個
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
210
514000
2000
被社會排斥的人。
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
211
516000
2000
所以進入一群排斥的同性戀的群體，
08:53
young women who love the old music
212
518000
3000
年輕的女人們非常喜歡古老的音樂。
08:56
that once spread across that region
213
521000
2000
那音樂曾經穿過整個地區，
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
214
523000
2000
從馬其頓到波斯尼亞，
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
215
525000
2000
從塞爾維亞到斯洛文尼亞。
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
216
527000
3000
這些年輕的歌手在學校的性別學科的課上相遇。
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
217
531000
3000
她們都是20幾嵗。有一些已經作了母親。
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
218
534000
3000
很多都掙扎着從她們本身的社區中逃離出來。
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
219
537000
3000
宗教的信仰都使她們的家人很難接受
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
220
540000
2000
他們的女兒並不是生病，
09:17
just queer.
221
542000
2000
但卻是同性戀。
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
222
544000
3000
正如團體的其中一位創辦者麗阿所說，
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
223
547000
3000
“我特別喜歡傳統音樂。
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
224
550000
2000
我也喜歡搖滾樂。
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
225
552000
2000
所以，在列斯波，我們融合了兩种音樂。
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
226
554000
2000
我認爲傳統音樂如一種反叛，
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
227
556000
3000
人們可以通過傳統音樂表達自己，
09:34
especially traditional songs
228
559000
2000
尤其是一些來自
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
229
561000
2000
前南斯拉夫共和國幾個地區的傳統歌曲。
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
230
563000
3000
戰後，很多這類歌曲都遺失了。
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
231
566000
2000
但這些卻是我們童年和歷史的一部分，
09:43
and we should not forget them."
232
568000
2000
我們不能把它們遺忘了。”
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
233
570000
3000
不太可能的是，這個屬於LGBT（指男、女同性戀、雙性戀者）群體的合唱團
09:48
has demonstrated how women
234
573000
2000
演示了女人如何
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
235
575000
3000
投入在傳統中並創造變革，
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
236
578000
3000
如同煉金術士在混亂中造出和諧
09:56
Their repertoire includes
237
581000
2000
她們演奏的曲目包括
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
238
583000
2000
克羅地亞國歌，
10:00
a Bosnian love song
239
585000
2000
一首波斯尼亞的愛情曲目
10:02
and Serbian duets.
240
587000
2000
以及一首塞爾維亞的二重唱。
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
241
589000
2000
還有，麗阿笑着補充道，
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
242
591000
3000
“卡維塔，我們尤其為我們的聖誕曲目感到驕傲，
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
243
594000
3000
因爲它顯示了我們對宗教慣例的開放態度，
10:12
even though Catholic Church
244
597000
2000
儘管，天主教的教堂裏
10:14
hates us LGBT."
245
599000
2000
容不下我們這些 LGBT。
10:16
Their concerts draw from
246
601000
2000
他們的音樂會源自
10:18
their own communities, yes,
247
603000
2000
他們自己的社區，沒錯，
10:20
but also from an older generation:
248
605000
2000
但也源自上一代，
10:22
a generation that might be
249
607000
2000
上一代的人也許
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
250
609000
2000
對同性戀持有懷疑態度，
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
251
611000
3000
但是他們懷念自己的音樂和音樂所代表的過去。
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
252
614000
3000
一位父親，開始曾對自己的女兒來自這樣的一個
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
253
617000
2000
合唱團而覺得猶豫，
10:34
now writes songs for them.
254
619000
2000
現在也在為合唱團寫歌。
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
255
621000
2000
在中世紀時，游吟詩人
10:38
would travel across the land
256
623000
2000
會遊歷整片土地，
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
257
625000
3000
唱他們的故事，分享他們的詩歌。
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
258
628000
3000
列斯波也如此游走在巴爾幹地區，
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
259
631000
2000
歌唱着，聯係着人們，
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
260
633000
3000
那些被宗教，國籍和語言區分開的人們。
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
261
636000
2000
波斯尼亞人，克羅地亞人和塞爾維亞人
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
262
638000
3000
找到了他們在歷史中少有的共通驕傲
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
263
641000
2000
而列斯波則提示着這些人們
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
264
643000
3000
一些他們認爲是專屬於他們族群的歌曲
11:01
really belong to them all.
265
646000
2000
其實屬於大家。
11:03
(Singing)
266
648000
7000
♪♪♪
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
267
668000
2000
昨天，瑪麗卡。薩拉巴伊給我們展示了
11:25
that music can create a world
268
670000
2000
音樂能創造一個
11:27
more accepting of difference
269
672000
2000
比我們原有的世界
11:29
than the one we have been given.
270
674000
3000
更能接受差異的世界。
11:32
The world Layma Bowie was given
271
677000
2000
雷瑪寳儀所処的世界
11:34
was a world at war.
272
679000
2000
是一個充滿戰爭的世界。
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
273
681000
3000
利比里亞幾十年來都因國内戰爭而四分五裂。
11:40
Layma was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
274
685000
3000
雷瑪並不是一個激進分子，她是三個小孩的母親。
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
275
688000
2000
但她已厭倦了擔心，
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
276
690000
2000
她擔心她的兒子會被綁架
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
277
692000
2000
並被抓去當童兵。
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
278
694000
2000
她擔心她的女兒們會被強姦。
11:51
she worried for their lives.
279
696000
3000
她擔心兒女們的生命危險。
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
280
699000
2000
有天晚上，她做了一個夢。
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
281
701000
2000
她夢見她和成千的其他女性
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
282
703000
2000
結束了這些流血事件。
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
283
705000
3000
第二天早上在教堂，她問其他人有什麽感覺。
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
284
708000
2000
他們都厭倦了戰爭。
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
285
710000
3000
我們需要和平，我們需要讓我們的領袖們知道
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
286
713000
3000
我們不會停止戰鬥直至和平到來。
12:11
Among Layma's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
287
716000
3000
雷瑪的其中一個穆斯林朋友是一名女警察。
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
288
719000
3000
她答應雷瑪會在她的圈子裏提出這個問題。
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
289
722000
2000
在接下來的週五的佈道會上，
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
290
724000
2000
坐在寺裏邊房的女人們
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
291
726000
3000
開始分享她們對國事的苦惱。
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
292
729000
3000
她們說：“這有什麽分別呢？子彈分不出
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
293
732000
2000
穆斯林還是基督徒。”
12:29
This small group of women,
294
734000
2000
這一小組的女人
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
295
736000
2000
決心要結束這場戰爭。
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
296
738000
3000
同時，她們選擇了用她們傳統的方式表達意願。
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
297
741000
2000
利比里亞的女人通常
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
298
743000
2000
戴很多的珠寶首飾和穿顔色鮮豔的衣服。
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
299
745000
2000
但不，在抗議中，她們全都穿白色的衣服，
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
300
747000
2000
沒有化妝。
12:44
As Layma said, "We wore the white
301
749000
2000
如雷瑪所說：“我們穿白色的衣服，
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
302
751000
2000
表明我們爲了和平站了出來。”
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
303
753000
2000
她們站在馬路邊，
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
304
755000
2000
查爾斯。泰勒的車隊每天都經過那裏。
12:52
They stood for weeks --
305
757000
2000
她們站了幾週，
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
306
759000
3000
由開始的10名，到20名，到50名，到後來的幾百名女性，
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
307
762000
3000
她們都穿着白色的衣服，唱着歌，跳着舞，
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
308
765000
3000
表達着他們出來求和平的願望。
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
309
768000
2000
最終，利比里亞的反對勢力
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
310
770000
3000
被迫在加納舉行和平談判。
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
311
774000
3000
這次和平談判沒完沒了地拖了好長時間。
13:12
Layma and her sisters had had enough.
312
777000
2000
雷瑪和她的姊妹們再也受不了了。
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
313
779000
2000
她們用剩下的基金，帶領了
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
314
781000
2000
一小組的女人到談判舉行的地方
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
315
783000
2000
包圍了整座樓。
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
316
785000
3000
在一段CNN的著名視頻中，
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
317
788000
2000
你能看到她們坐在地上，手挽着手。
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
318
790000
3000
我們知道在印度，這叫（印度語）。
13:29
Then things get tense.
319
794000
2000
然後事情變得緊張起來。
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
320
796000
3000
他們把警察叫來了，要把這群女人帶走。
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
321
799000
3000
當一名警官手持警棍走近她們時，
13:37
Layma stands up with deliberation,
322
802000
2000
雷瑪特意站了起來，
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
323
804000
2000
把手高舉過頭，
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
324
806000
2000
然後開始，慢慢地，
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
325
808000
3000
把裹着頭髮的頭布解開。
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
326
811000
3000
人們能看到這名警官的臉。
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
327
814000
3000
非常尷尬地退開了。
13:52
And the next thing you know,
328
817000
2000
然後你能猜到接下來所發生的，
13:54
the police have disappeared.
329
819000
2000
警察離開了。
13:56
Layma said to me later,
330
821000
2000
雷瑪後來跟我說：
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
331
823000
3000
“這是禁忌，你知道嗎，在西非，
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
332
826000
3000
如果一名年長的女人，只要她想，
14:04
because she wants to,
333
829000
2000
在一名男子面前脫衣服，
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
334
831000
2000
男人的家庭會受到詛咒。”
14:08
(Laughter)
335
833000
2000
（笑聲）
14:10
(Applause)
336
835000
2000
（掌聲）
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
337
837000
3000
她說：“我不知道他這麽做是否是因爲他相信這個，
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
338
840000
2000
但他知道我們不會離開的。
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
339
842000
3000
如果不簽和平條約，我們是不會離開的。”
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
340
845000
2000
然後和平條約簽署了。
14:22
And the women of Liberia
341
847000
2000
而利比里亞的女人們
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
342
849000
3000
動員起來支持Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
343
852000
2000
她是一名打破禁忌的女性
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
344
854000
2000
並且後來成爲了非洲第一位選舉產生的
14:31
in Africa in years.
345
856000
3000
女總統。
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
346
860000
3000
當她發表總統演説時，
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
347
863000
2000
她感謝了這些勇敢的利比里亞女人。
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
348
865000
3000
她們的幫助使她贏得可與一名足球明星－－
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
349
868000
2000
也就是美式足球－－
14:45
no less.
350
870000
2000
相媲美。
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
351
872000
2000
像薩奇娜、麗阿還有
14:49
and Layma
352
874000
2000
雷瑪一般的女人，
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
353
876000
3000
使我覺得自己卑微並改變了我，
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
354
879000
3000
使我意識到我不應該這麽快
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
355
882000
3000
就得出任何形式的假設。
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
356
886000
2000
她們把我從我正直的憤怒中解救了出來，
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
357
888000
3000
並為這第三种方式提供了深刻的見解。
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
358
892000
2000
一名菲律賓的激進分子曾經跟我說，
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
359
894000
2000
“你是怎樣做年糕的？
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
360
896000
3000
從下面加熱然後從上面加熱。”
15:14
The protests, the marches,
361
899000
2000
那些示威，那些遊行，
15:16
the uncompromising position that
362
901000
2000
都堅定地認爲
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
363
903000
3000
女權是人權，停止了。
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
364
907000
2000
這是從下面加熱。
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
365
909000
2000
那是馬爾科姆X和婦女政權論者
15:26
and gay pride parades.
366
911000
2000
和同性戀的驕傲遊行
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
367
913000
2000
但我們也需要來自上面的熱量。
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
368
915000
2000
而在世界上的大部分地方，
15:32
that top is still
369
917000
2000
那些上層，仍然
15:34
controlled by men.
370
919000
2000
被男性所控制着。
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
371
921000
3000
所以用馬克思的話説：女人做出變革，
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
372
924000
3000
但並不是在她們選擇的環境中。
15:42
They have to negotiate.
373
927000
2000
她們必須協商。
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
374
929000
3000
她們必須顛覆那些曾令她們沒有發言權的傳統
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
375
932000
3000
而對新的抱負發出她們的聲音。
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
376
935000
3000
而她們需要來自她們圈子的同盟們，
15:53
Allies like the imam,
377
938000
2000
比如上述的教長，
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
378
940000
2000
比如幫克羅地亞同性戀組合
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
379
942000
3000
寫歌的父親，
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
380
945000
3000
比如尊敬禁忌而離開的警察，
16:03
allies like my father,
381
948000
2000
比如我的父親，
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
382
950000
3000
雖然他幫不了他的妹妹，但幫助他的三個女兒
16:08
pursue their dreams.
383
953000
2000
追求她們自己的夢想。
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
384
955000
2000
也許是因爲女權運動
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
385
957000
2000
不像其他幾乎所有的社會運動，
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
386
959000
3000
並不是反對一名暴君。
16:17
it's not the ruling class
387
962000
2000
這反對的不是統治階級，
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
388
964000
3000
不是侵佔者也不是殖民者，
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
389
967000
3000
它反對的是關於女性一些根深蒂固的信仰和假設，
16:25
that we women, far too often,
390
970000
3000
經常性的，
16:28
hold ourselves.
391
973000
2000
阻止了我們前進。
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
392
975000
3000
而也許這是女權運動最終的禮物，
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
393
978000
3000
就是這裡的人事其實帶有政治色彩。
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
394
981000
2000
所以，正如愛蓮娜羅斯福（羅斯福總統夫人）曾經談過的人權問題，
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
395
983000
3000
對於性別平等也是一樣的，
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
396
986000
3000
就是這些都會從家附近的一些小地方開始。
16:44
On the streets, yes,
397
989000
2000
也許在街上，
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
398
991000
3000
也有可能在廚房的餐桌上進行協商
16:49
and in the marital bed
399
994000
2000
或在她們的婚床上
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
400
996000
2000
或發生在她們與情人，父母，
16:53
and sisters and friends.
401
998000
2000
姐妹和朋友的相處中。
16:57
And then
402
1002000
2000
然後，再然後
16:59
you realize that by integrating
403
1004000
2000
你會意識到女人們通過融合她們
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
404
1006000
2000
傳統的視角和社區
17:03
into their struggles,
405
1008000
2000
到她們的鬥爭中，
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Layma --
406
1010000
3000
如薩奇娜和麗阿和雷瑪，
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
407
1013000
2000
還有印度的索尼阿甘地，
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
408
1015000
3000
智利的密歇爾巴切萊特，
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
409
1018000
3000
還有伊朗的希尔琳·艾芭迪
17:16
are doing something else.
410
1021000
2000
都在做別的事情。
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
411
1023000
2000
她們挑戰那個
17:20
of Western models of development.
412
1025000
3000
傳統的西方發展模式。
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
413
1028000
3000
她們表示：我們不需要和你們一樣
17:26
to make change.
414
1031000
2000
而改革。
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
415
1033000
3000
我們可以穿莎麗，裹頭巾
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
416
1036000
2000
可以穿短褲，也可以穿長袍，
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
417
1038000
3000
我們也可以成爲黨派領袖或總統
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
418
1041000
2000
也可以成爲人權律師。
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
419
1043000
3000
我們可以利用我們的傳統來引導變革。
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
420
1046000
3000
我們可以解除武裝，
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
421
1049000
2000
取而代之將資源投入到
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
422
1051000
3000
真正意義的安全儲備上。
17:50
It is in these little stories,
423
1055000
3000
在我講的這些小故事中，
17:53
these individual stories,
424
1058000
2000
這些個別的故事中，
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
425
1060000
2000
我看到了全世界的女性正在譜寫
17:57
by women around the world.
426
1062000
2000
一曲不同凡響的史詩。
17:59
It is in these threads
427
1064000
2000
她們如一根根細綫
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
428
1066000
2000
織入一塊彈性的布料中，
18:03
that will sustain communities,
429
1068000
3000
幫助維持社會穩定，
18:06
that I find hope.
430
1071000
2000
織入希望。
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
431
1073000
2000
而如果我的心在歌唱，
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
432
1075000
3000
是因爲通過在這些細小的片斷，
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
433
1078000
2000
人們能不時地瞥見
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
434
1080000
3000
整個世界，一個全新的世界。
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
435
1083000
3000
而女性不可否認地在前進的道路上。
18:21
Thank you.
436
1086000
2000
謝謝。
18:23
(Applause)
437
1088000
8000
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kavita Ramdas - PhilanthropistKavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders.
Why you should listen
Kavita Ramdas is president and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, a publicly supported grantmaking foundation that advances human rights by investing in women-led organizations worldwide. Over the past 22 years, the Global Fund has provided more than 7,000 grants, reaching more than 3,000 groups. Since Ramdas took the reins, the fund's assets have more than tripled -- and so has the number of countries the group works in, now at 170.
The Global Fund for Women contributes to groups that improve women's economic security, work to end gender-based violence, increase access to education at all stages of life, provide critical health services and encourage women to take leadership roles in the public sector. In interviews, Ramdas has said that grantmakers can learn as much from applicants as applicants do from them. This is a philosophy she employs at Global Fund, where grants are often given with as few strings attached as possible, and proposals are accepted in any language. Her vision stands to change the game, not only in women's rights but in philanthropy as a whole.
Kavita Ramdas | Speaker | TED.com