TEDIndia 2009
Kavita Ramdas: Radical women, embracing tradition
Kavita Ramdas: Radikalne žene koje prihvataju tradiciju
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Kako izgleda osposobljena žena? Da li ona može da nosi burku, hidžab, sari? Kavita Ramdas priča o tri žene koje slave svoje kulturno nasleđe - dok rade na reformi opresivne tradicije.
Kavita Ramdas - Philanthropist
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Kavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Salaam. Namaskar.
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Salaam. Namaskar.
00:18
Good morning.
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Dobro jutro.
00:20
Given my TED profile, you might be expecting
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S obzirom na moj TED profil, možda očekujete
00:22
that I'm going to speak to you about
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da ću pričati o
00:24
the latest philanthropic trends --
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poslednjim filantropskim trendovima,
00:26
the one that's currently got Wall Street
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onim o kome trenutno Vol Strit
00:28
and the World Bank buzzing --
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i Svetska banka pričaju,
00:30
how to invest in women,
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kako investirati u žene,
00:32
how to empower them, how to save them.
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kako ih osnažiti, kako ih spasiti.
00:35
Not me.
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Ali ja ne.
00:37
I am interested in how women
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Mene interesuje kako žene
00:39
are saving us.
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spašavaju nas.
00:41
They're saving us by redefining and re-imagining
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One nas spašavaju redefinisanjem i ponovinim osmišljavanjem
00:44
a future that defies and blurs
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budućnosti koja prkosi i zamagljuje
00:47
accepted polarities,
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opšte prihvaćene polaritete,
00:49
polarities we've taken for granted for a long time,
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polaritete koje smo mi uzimali za gotovo dugo vremena,
00:52
like the ones between modernity and tradition,
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kao one između modernog i tradicije,
00:55
First World and Third World,
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prvog i trećeg sveta,
00:58
oppression and opportunity.
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ugnjetavanja i mogućnosti.
01:00
In the midst of the daunting challenges
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Usred velikih izazova
01:02
we face as a global community,
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sa kojima se suočavamo kao globalna zajednica,
01:04
there's something about
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ima nešto u
01:06
this third way raga
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ovom novom pristupu
01:08
that is making my heart sing.
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zbog čega mi srce peva.
01:10
What intrigues me most
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Ono što me najviše intrigira
01:12
is how women are doing this,
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je to kako ove žene to rade,
01:14
despite a set of paradoxes
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uprkos skupu paradoksa
01:16
that are both frustrating and fascinating.
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koji su u isto vreme frustrirajući i fascinirajući.
01:19
Why is it that women are, on the one hand,
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Zašto su žene sa jedne strane
01:22
viciously oppressed by cultural practices,
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žestoko ugnjetavane običajima,
01:25
and yet at the same time,
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a ipak, u isto vreme,
01:27
are the preservers of cultures in most societies?
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su čuvari kulture u većini društava?
01:30
Is the hijab or the headscarf
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Da li je hidžab ili marama za glavu
01:32
a symbol of submission
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simbol potčinjenosti
01:34
or resistance?
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ili otpora?
01:36
When so many women and girls
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Kada je toliko puno žena i devojaka
01:39
are beaten, raped, maimed
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tučeno, silovano, osakaćeno,
01:41
on a daily basis
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svakodnevno,
01:43
in the name of all kinds of causes --
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u ime raznih povoda,
01:45
honor, religion, nationality --
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časti, religije, nacionalnosti,
01:47
what allows women to replant trees,
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šta omogućava ženama da opet posade stabla,
01:50
to rebuild societies,
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da opet izgrade zajednice,
01:52
to lead radical, non-violent movements
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da vode radikalne, nenasilne pokrete
01:54
for social change?
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radi socijalnih promena?
01:56
Is it different women
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Da li to drugačije žene
01:58
who are doing the preserving and the radicalizing?
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rade na očuvanju i radikalizaciji?
02:01
Or are they one and the same?
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Ili su one iste?
02:03
Are we guilty, as Chimamanda Adichie reminded us
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Da li smo krivi, kako nas je Čimamanda Adiči podsetila
02:06
at the TED conference in Oxford,
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na TED konferenciji u Oksfordu,
02:08
of assuming that there is a single story
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što pretpostavljamo da postoji samo jedna priča
02:11
of women's struggles for their rights
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o ženskoj borbi za prava,
02:13
while there are, in fact, many?
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iako postoje u stvari mnoge.
02:15
And what, if anything,
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I šta, ako išta,
02:17
do men have to do with it?
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muškarci imaju sa tim?
02:19
Much of my life has been a quest
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Većina mog života je bila traganje
02:21
to get some answers to these questions.
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da dobijem neke odgovore na ova pitanja.
02:24
It's taken me across the globe
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Odvelo me je širom sveta
02:26
and introduced me to some amazing people.
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i upoznalo sa mnogim neverovatnim ljudima.
02:28
In the process, I've gathered a few fragments
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U tom procesu sam sakupila nekoliko odgovora
02:31
that help me shed some light on this puzzle.
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koji su mi pomogli da bacim malo svetla na tu zagonetku.
02:34
Among those who've helped open my eyes
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Među onima koju su mi pomogli da otvorim oči
02:36
to a third way
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ka trećem "putu",
02:38
are: a devout Muslim in Afghanistan,
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su posvećene Muslimanke iz Avganistana
02:41
a group of harmonizing lesbians in Croatia
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grupa usaglašenih lezbejki u Hrvatskoj
02:44
and a taboo breaker in Liberia.
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i tabu kršilac u Liberiji.
02:47
I'm indebted to them,
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One su me zadužile,
02:49
as I am to my parents,
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kao što sam dužna svojim roditeljima,
02:51
who for some set of misdemeanors in their last life,
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koji su zbog prekršaja u prošlom životu,
02:54
were blessed with three daughters in this one.
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blagosloveni sa tri ćerke u ovom.
02:57
And for reasons equally unclear to me,
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I zbog razloga meni podjednako nejasnih,
02:59
seem to be inordinately proud of the three of us.
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čudno su ponosni na nas tri.
03:03
I was born and raised here in India,
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Ja sam rođena i odrasla ovde u Indiji,
03:05
and I learned from an early age
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i naučila sam u ranim godinama,
03:07
to be deeply suspicious of the aunties and uncles
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da budem veoma sumnjičava prema ujnama i ujacima,
03:10
who would bend down, pat us on the head
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koji bi se savili, pomazili nas po glavi
03:12
and then say to my parents
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i onda rekli mojim roditeljima
03:14
with no problem at all,
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bez ikakvih problema
03:16
"Poor things. You only have three daughters.
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"Jadni vi. Imate samo tri ćerke.
03:19
But you're young, you could still try again."
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Ali mladi ste. I dalje možete da pokušavate."
03:22
My sense of outrage
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Moj osećaj besa,
03:24
about women's rights
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u vezi ženskih prava
03:27
was brought to a boil when I was about 11.
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je doživeo tačku ključanja kada sam imala oko 11 godina.
03:30
My aunt, an incredibly articulate
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Moja ujna, neverovatno rečita
03:32
and brilliant woman,
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i brilijantna žena,
03:34
was widowed early.
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postala je rano udovica.
03:37
A flock of relatives descended on her.
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Jato rođaka se obrušilo na nju.
03:40
They took off her colorful sari.
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Uzeli su joj sarije u boji,
03:42
They made her wear a white one.
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naterali je da nosi samo beli.
03:45
They wiped her bindi off her forehead.
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Obrisali su joj bindi sa čela.
03:48
They broke her bangles.
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Slomili su joj narukvice.
03:50
Her daughter, Rani,
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Njena ćerka, Rani,
03:52
a few years older than me,
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par godina starija od mene,
03:54
sat in her lap bewildered,
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sedela je u njenom krilu, zbunjena
03:56
not knowing what had happened
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ne znajući šta se desilo
03:58
to the confident woman
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sa jakom ženom
04:00
she once knew as her mother.
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koju je nekada znala kao svoju majku.
04:02
Late that night, I heard my mother
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Kasno te večeri, čula sam moju majku
04:04
begging my father,
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kako moli mog oca,
04:06
"Please do something Ramu. Can't you intervene?"
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"Molim te Ramu, učini nešto. Zar ne možeš da se umešaš?
04:09
And my father, in a low voice, muttering,
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A moj otac, je tihim glasom, mrmljajući,
04:13
"I'm just the youngest brother, there's nothing I can do.
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"Ja sam samo najmlađi brat, ne postoji ništa što ja mogu da uradim.
04:16
This is tradition."
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To je tradicija."
04:18
That's the night I learned the rules
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To je noć kada sam naučila pravila
04:20
about what it means to be female in this world.
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o tome šta znači biti žensko u ovom svetu.
04:24
Women don't make those rules,
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Žene ne prave ta pravila
04:26
but they define us, and they define
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ali ona nas definišu i definišu
04:28
our opportunities and our chances.
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naše mogućnosti i naše šanse.
04:30
And men are affected by those rules too.
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i muškarci su pogođeni tim pravilima takodje.
04:33
My father, who had fought in three wars,
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Moj otac, koji se borio u tri rata,
04:37
could not save his own sister
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nije mogao da spasi svoju sestru
04:39
from this suffering.
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od ove patnje.
04:45
By 18,
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U 18. godini
04:47
under the excellent tutelage of my mother,
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pod odličnim tutorstvom moje majke,
04:49
I was therefore, as you might expect,
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prkoseći postala sam, kao sto se i moglo očekivati,
04:51
defiantly feminist.
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feministkinja.
04:53
On the streets chanting,
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Na ulici vikala,
04:55
"[Hindi]
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(Hindi)
04:57
[Hindi]
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(Hindi)
04:59
We are the women of India.
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"Mi smo žene Indije.
05:02
We are not flowers, we are sparks of change."
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Mi nismo cveće mi smo varnice promena"
05:04
By the time I got to Beijing in 1995,
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Do trenutka kada sam otišla za Peking 1995.
05:07
it was clear to me, the only way
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bilo mi je jasno, da je jedini put
05:09
to achieve gender equality
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ka ravnopravnosti polova
05:11
was to overturn centuries
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bio da se preokrenu vekovi
05:13
of oppressive tradition.
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opresivne tradicije.
05:15
Soon after I returned from Beijing,
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Ubrzo kako sam se vratila iz Pekinga
05:17
I leapt at the chance to work for this wonderful organization,
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dobila sam šansu da radim u predivnoj organizaciji,
05:20
founded by women,
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osnovanoj od strane žena,
05:22
to support women's rights organizations around the globe.
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radi podrške organizacijama za ženska prava po celom svetu.
05:27
But barely six months into my new job,
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Jedva šest meseci po početku mog novog posla
05:29
I met a woman
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sam upoznala ženu
05:31
who forced me to challenge all my assumptions.
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koja me je naterala da preispitam sve moje pretpostavke.
05:34
Her name is Sakena Yacoobi.
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Njeno ime je Sakena Jakubi.
05:38
She walked into my office
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Ušla je u moju kancelariju
05:40
at a time when no one knew
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u vreme kada niko u Americi nije znao
05:42
where Afghanistan was in the United States.
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gde se nalazi Avganistan.
05:47
She said to me, "It is not about the burka."
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Rekla mi je: "Nije u pitanju burka".
05:50
She was the most determined advocate
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Ona je bila najodlučnija zagovornica
05:52
for women's rights I had ever heard.
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za ženska prava koju sam ikada slušala.
05:54
She told me women were running underground schools
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Rekla mi je da žene vode ilegalene škole
05:57
in her communities inside Afghanistan,
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u njenim zajednicama u Avganistanu,
06:00
and that her organization, the Afghan Institute of Learning,
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a da je njena organizacija, Avganistanski Institut za učenje.
06:02
had started a school in Pakistan.
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pokrenula školu u Pakistanu.
06:05
She said, "The first thing anyone who is a Muslim knows
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Ona je rekla: "Prva stvar koju neko ko je Muliman zna
06:09
is that the Koran requires
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je da Kuran zahteva
06:12
and strongly supports literacy.
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i jako podržava pismenost.
06:15
The prophet wanted every believer
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Prorok je želeo da svaki vernik
06:17
to be able to read the Koran for themselves."
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može sam da čita Kuran".
06:19
Had I heard right?
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Da li sam dobro čula?
06:21
Was a women's rights advocate
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Da li se zagovornica ženskih prava
06:23
invoking religion?
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poziva na religiju?
06:26
But Sakena defies labels.
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Ali Sakena prkosi oznakama.
06:28
She always wears a headscarf,
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Ona uvek nosi maramu za glavu.
06:31
but I've walked alongside with her on a beach
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Ali smo šetale plažom
06:33
with her long hair flying in the breeze.
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i njena kosa je bila puštena i letela na povetarcu.
06:36
She starts every lecture with a prayer,
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Svako predavanje je počinjala molitvom,
06:38
but she's a single, feisty,
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ali ona je sama, odlučna,
06:41
financially independent woman
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finansijski nezavisna žena
06:43
in a country where girls are married off at the age of 12.
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u zemlji gde su devojčice udavane sa 12 godina.
06:46
She is also immensely pragmatic.
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Ona je takođe izuzetno pragmatična.
06:50
"This headscarf and these clothes," she says,
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"Ova marama za glavu i ova odeća," govorila je,
06:53
"give me the freedom to do what I need to do
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"daje mi slobodu da radim ono što moram da radim
06:56
to speak to those whose support and assistance
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da govorim sa onima čija je podrška i pomoć
06:58
are critical for this work.
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ključna za ovaj posao.
07:01
When I had to open the school in the refugee camp,
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Kada sam morala da otvorim školu u izbegličkom kampu,
07:03
I went to see the imam.
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otišla sam da vidim imama.
07:05
I told him, 'I'm a believer, and women and children
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Rekla sam mu: "Ja sam vernik, a ženama i deci
07:08
in these terrible conditions
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u ovom teškim uslovima
07:10
need their faith to survive.'"
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potrebna je vera da bi preživeli"
07:13
She smiles slyly.
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Osmehnula se lukavo.
07:15
"He was flattered.
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"Bio je polaskan.
07:17
He began to come twice a week to my center
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Počeo je da dolazi dva puta nedeljeno u moj centar
07:20
because women could not go to the mosque.
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zato što žene nisu smele da idu u džamiju.
07:22
And after he would leave,
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I kada bi odlazio,
07:24
women and girls would stay behind.
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žene i devojčice su ostajale.
07:26
We began with a small literacy class
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Počinjali smo malim časom primenosti
07:28
to read the Koran,
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da bi čitale Kuran
07:30
then a math class, then an English class, then computer classes.
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zatim čas matematike, čas engleskog i čas kompjutera.
07:33
In a few weeks, everyone in the refugee camp
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Za nekoliko nedelja, svako iz kampa
07:36
was in our classes."
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je dolazio na naše časove."
07:38
Sakena is a teacher
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Sakena je bila učitelj
07:41
at a time when to educate women
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u vreme kada je obrazovati ženu
07:44
is a dangerous business in Afghanistan.
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u Avganistanu bilo jako opasno.
07:46
She is on the Taliban's hit list.
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Ona je bila na talibanskoj listi za odstrel.
07:49
I worry about her every time she travels across that country.
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Brinula sam se svaki put kada je putovala kroz zemlju.
07:52
She shrugs when I ask her about safety.
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Ona sleže ramenima kada je pitam o bezbednosti.
07:55
"Kavita jaan, we cannot allow ourselves to be afraid.
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"Kavita-džan, ne možemo da dozvolimo da budemo uplašene.
07:58
Look at those young girls who go back to school
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Pogledaj te devojčice koje su se vratile u školu
08:00
when acid is thrown in their face."
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nakon što im je kiselina bačena u lice."
08:02
And I smile, and I nod,
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Ja sam se smešila i klimala glavom
08:04
realizing I'm watching women and girls
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shvatajući da gledam žene i devojke
08:06
using their own religious traditions and practices,
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koje koriste svoju religioznu tradiciju i umeće,
08:09
turning them into instruments
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kao instrumente
08:11
of opposition and opportunity.
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otpora i mogućnosti.
08:14
Their path is their own
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Njihov put je samo njihov
08:16
and it looks towards an Afghanistan
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i gleda ka Avganistanu
08:19
that will be different.
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koji će se promeniti.
08:21
Being different is something the women
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Biti drugačiji je nešto što žene
08:23
of Lesbor in Zagreb, Croatia
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Lesbora u Zagrebu, u Hrvatskoj
08:25
know all too well.
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znaju veoma dobro.
08:27
To be a lesbian, a dyke,
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Biti lezbejka, "dyke",
08:29
a homosexual
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homoseksualac
08:31
in most parts of the world, including right here
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u većini delova sveta, uključujući i ovde
08:33
in our country, India,
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u našoj zemlji, Inidiji,
08:35
is to occupy a place of immense discomfort
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znači zauzeti mesto ogromne neprijatnosti
08:37
and extreme prejudice.
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i ekstremnih predrasuda.
08:39
In post-conflict societies like Croatia,
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U post-konfliktnom društvu kao što je Hrvatska,
08:42
where a hyper-nationalism and religiosity
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gde su hiper nacionalizam i religija
08:45
have created an environment unbearable
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stvorili okruženje, nepodnošljivo
08:47
for anyone who might
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za bilo koga ko bi se mogao
08:49
be considered a social outcast.
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smatrati društvenim izgnanikom.
08:51
So enter a group of out dykes,
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Upoznajte grupu "izgnanih-lezbejki"
08:53
young women who love the old music
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maldih žena koje vole staru muziku
08:56
that once spread across that region
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koja se jednom širila kroz ceo region
08:58
from Macedonia to Bosnia,
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od Makedonije do Bosne,
09:00
from Serbia to Slovenia.
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od Srbije do Slovenije.
09:02
These folk singers met at college at a gender studies program.
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Ove devojke su se upoznale na univerzitetu na rodnim studijama.
09:06
Many are in their 20s, some are mothers.
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Mnoge od njih su u 20-im godinama. Neke su majke.
09:09
Many have struggled to come out to their communities,
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Mnoge su se borile da svojim zajednicama priznaju svoje opredeljenje.
09:12
in families whose religious beliefs make it hard to accept
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U porodicama religioznih verovanja je teško prihvatiti da
09:15
that their daughters are not sick,
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njihove ćerke nisu bolesne,
09:17
just queer.
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već samo homoseksualke.
09:19
As Leah, one of the founders of the group, says,
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Kao što Lea, jedna od osnivača grupe kaže,
09:22
"I like traditional music very much.
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"Ja jako volim tradicionalnu muziku.
09:25
I also like rock and roll.
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Ali takođe volim i rok en rol.
09:27
So Lesbor, we blend the two.
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Tako je Lesbor spojio ta dva.
09:29
I see traditional music like a kind of rebellion,
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Tradicionalnu muziku posmatram kao vrstu pobune,
09:31
in which people can really speak their voice,
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u kojoj ljudi stvarno mogu da kažu ono što žele,
09:34
especially traditional songs
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posebno tradicionalne pesme
09:36
from other parts of the former Yugoslav Republic.
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iz drugih delova bivše Republike Jugoslavije.
09:38
After the war, lots of these songs were lost,
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Posle rata, mnoge od ovih pesama su izgubljene.
09:41
but they are a part of our childhood and our history,
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Ali one su deo našeg detinjstva i naše istorije,
09:43
and we should not forget them."
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i mi ne smemo da ih zaboravimo."
09:45
Improbably, this LGBT singing choir
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Neverovatno, ovaj L.G.B.T pevački hor
09:48
has demonstrated how women
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je demonstrirao kako žene
09:50
are investing in tradition to create change,
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investiraju u tradiciju da bi napravile promene,
09:53
like alchemists turning discord into harmony.
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kao što alhemičari pokušavaju da razdor pretvore u harmoniju.
09:56
Their repertoire includes
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Njihov repertoar uključuje
09:58
the Croatian national anthem,
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hrvatsku nacionalnu himnu,
10:00
a Bosnian love song
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bosansku ljubavnu pesmu
10:02
and Serbian duets.
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i srpske duete.
10:04
And, Leah adds with a grin,
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I Lea dodaje sa smeškom
10:06
"Kavita, we especially are proud of our Christmas music,
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"Kavita, mi smo posebno ponosne na našu Božićnu muziku
10:09
because it shows we are open to religious practices
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jer pokazuje da smo otvorene ka religioznim obredima
10:12
even though Catholic Church
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iako Katolička crkva
10:14
hates us LGBT."
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mrzi nas L.G.B.T."
10:16
Their concerts draw from
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Njihovi koncerti su izvučeni iz
10:18
their own communities, yes,
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njihovih zajednica, da,
10:20
but also from an older generation:
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ali takođe i od starijih generacija,
10:22
a generation that might be
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generacija koje možda
10:24
suspicious of homosexuality,
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sumnjaju u homoseksualizam,
10:26
but is nostalgic for its own music and the past it represents.
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ali su nostalgične za njihovom muzikom i prošlosti koju predstavlja.
10:29
One father, who had initially balked at his daughter
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Jedan otac koji je prvobitno odbacio svoju ćerku
10:32
coming out in such a choir,
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kada je došla u ovaj hor,
10:34
now writes songs for them.
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sada piše pesme za njih.
10:36
In the Middle Ages, troubadours
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U srednjem veku, trubaduri
10:38
would travel across the land
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su putovali kroz zemlju
10:40
singing their tales and sharing their verses:
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pevajući svoje priče i deleći svoje stihove.
10:43
Lesbor travels through the Balkans like this,
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Lesbor tako putuje Balkanom,
10:46
singing, connecting people divided
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pevajući, povezujući ljude koji su podeljeni
10:48
by religion, nationality and language.
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religijom, nacionalnošću i jezikom,
10:51
Bosnians, Croats and Serbs
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Bosanci, Hrvati i Srbi
10:53
find a rare shared space of pride in their history,
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pronalaze retke zajedničke trenutke ponosa u svojoj istoriji
10:56
and Lesbor reminds them that
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i Lesbor ih podseća da
10:58
the songs one group often claims as theirs alone
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pesme koje jedna grupa često prisvaja,
11:01
really belong to them all.
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u stvari pripadaju svima njima.
11:03
(Singing)
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(Pevanje)
11:23
Yesterday, Mallika Sarabhai showed us
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Juče nam je Malika Sarabhai pokazala
11:25
that music can create a world
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da muzika može da stvori svet
11:27
more accepting of difference
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koji više prihvata različitost
11:29
than the one we have been given.
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nego onaj koji nam je dat.
11:32
The world Layma Bowie was given
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Svet koji je dat Lajmi Bovi
11:34
was a world at war.
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bio je svet rata.
11:36
Liberia had been torn apart by civil strife for decades.
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Liberija je bila rascepana građanskim ratom decenijama.
11:40
Layma was not an activist, she was a mother of three.
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Lajma nije bila aktivistkinja, ona je bila majka troje dece.
11:43
But she was sick with worry:
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Ali bila je bolesna od brige.
11:45
She worried her son would be abducted
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Strahovala je da će njen sin biti otet
11:47
and taken off to be a child soldier,
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i da će postati dete vojnik.
11:49
she worried her daughters would be raped,
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Strahovala je da će njene ćerke biti silovane.
11:51
she worried for their lives.
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Strahovala je za njihove živote.
11:54
One night, she had a dream.
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Jedne noći, sanjala je san.
11:56
She dreamt she and thousands of other women
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Sanjala je kako su ona i hiljade drugih žena
11:58
ended the bloodshed.
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zaustavile krvoproliće.
12:00
The next morning at church, she asked others how they felt.
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Sledećeg jutra u crkvi, pitala je ostale kako se osećaju.
12:03
They were all tired of the fighting.
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Svi oni su bili umorni od borbi.
12:05
We need peace, and we need our leaders to know
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Potreban nam je mir, a i potrebno je da naše vođe znaju
12:08
we will not rest until there is peace.
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da se mi nećemo smiriti dok ne bude mira.
12:11
Among Layma's friends was a policewoman who was Muslim.
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Među Lajminim prijateljima, bila je žena policajac koja je bila Muslimanka.
12:14
She promised to raise the issue with her community.
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Ona je obećala da će da pokrene to pitanje sa svojom zajednicom.
12:17
At the next Friday sermon,
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I sledećeg petka na misi
12:19
the women who were sitting in the side room of the mosque
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žene koje su sedele u sporednoj sobi džamije
12:21
began to share their distress at the state of affairs.
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počele su da izražavaju nezadovoljstvo trenutnim stanjem.
12:24
"What does it matter?" they said, "A bullet doesn't distinguish
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"Šta je tu bitno?" rekle su one, "Metak ne pravi razliku
12:27
between a Muslim and a Christian."
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između Muslimana i Hrišćanina."
12:29
This small group of women,
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Mala grupa žena
12:31
determined to bring an end to the war,
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je odlučila da rat privede kraju.
12:33
and they chose to use their traditions to make a point:
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Odlučile su da koriste svoju tradiciju da bi pokazale šta misle.
12:36
Liberian women usually wear
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Liberijske žene obično nose
12:38
lots of jewelry and colorful clothing.
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dosta nakita i šarenu odeću.
12:40
But no, for the protest, they dressed
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Ali ne, za protest, one su se obukle
12:42
all in white, no makeup.
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u belo, bez šminke.
12:44
As Layma said, "We wore the white
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Kao što je Lajma rekla: "Mi nosimo belo
12:46
saying we were out for peace."
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da bi rekle da smo za mir."
12:48
They stood on the side of the road on which
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Stajale su na strani puta na kojoj
12:50
Charles Taylor's motorcade passed every day.
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povorka automobila Čarlsa Tejlora svakodnevno prolazi.
12:52
They stood for weeks --
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Stajale su tako nedeljama,
12:54
first just 10, then 20, then 50, then hundreds of women --
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prvo samo njih 10, pa 20, onda 50 i na kraju stotine žena
12:57
wearing white, singing, dancing,
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noseći belo, pevajući, igrajući
13:00
saying they were out for peace.
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govoreći da su tu zbog mira.
13:03
Eventually, opposing forces in Liberia
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Konačno, suprotstavljene snage u Liberiji
13:05
were pushed to hold peace talks in Ghana.
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su bile prinuđene da održe mirovne razgovore u Gani.
13:09
The peace talks dragged on and on and on.
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Mirovni razgovori su se odužili.
13:12
Layma and her sisters had had enough.
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Lajmi i njenim sestrama je bilo dosta svega.
13:14
With their remaining funds, they took
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Sa preostalim sredstvima, povele su
13:16
a small group of women down to the venue of the peace talks
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malu grupu žena na mesto gde se mirovni razgovori održavaju,
13:18
and they surrounded the building.
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i okružile su zgradu.
13:20
In a now famous CNN clip,
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U sada već poznatom, CNN snimku,
13:23
you can see them sitting on the ground, their arms linked.
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možete ih videti kako sede na zemlji, držeći se za ruke.
13:25
We know this in India. It's called a [Hindi].
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Znamo ovo u Indiji. Zove se [Hindi].
13:29
Then things get tense.
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Tada su stvari postale napete.
13:31
The police are called in to physically remove the women.
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Pozvana je policija da fizički pomeri žene.
13:34
As the senior officer approaches with a baton,
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Visoki oficir pristupa sa palicom,
13:37
Layma stands up with deliberation,
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Lajma ustaje, razmišlja,
13:39
reaches her arms up over her head,
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kreće svojim rukama ka svojoj glavi
13:41
and begins, very slowly,
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i počinje, veoma plako
13:43
to untie her headdress that covers her hair.
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da odvezuje maramu koja joj pokriva kosu.
13:46
You can see the policeman's face.
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Možete videti lice policajca.
13:49
He looks embarrassed. He backs away.
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On izgleda posramljeno. Povlači se.
13:52
And the next thing you know,
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I sledeća stvar koja se dešava je
13:54
the police have disappeared.
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da je policija nestala.
13:56
Layma said to me later,
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Lajma mi je kasnije rekla,
13:58
"It's a taboo, you know, in West Africa.
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"To je tabu, znaš, u Zapadnoj Africi.
14:01
If an older woman undresses in front of a man
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Ako se starija žena skine ispred muškarca
14:04
because she wants to,
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zato što ona to hoće,
14:06
the man's family is cursed."
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porodica tog muškarca će biti prokleta."
14:08
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
14:10
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
14:12
She said, "I don't know if he did it because he believed,
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Rekla je: "Ne znam da li je to uradio zato što veruje u to,
14:15
but he knew we were not going to leave.
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ali je znao da mi nećemo nigde otići.
14:17
We were not going to leave until the peace accord was signed."
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Mi nećemo otići sve dok se mir ne potpiše."
14:20
And the peace accord was signed.
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I mir je potpisan.
14:22
And the women of Liberia
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A žene Liberije
14:24
then mobilized in support of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
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su se tada udružile i podržale Elen Džonson Sirlif,
14:27
a woman who broke a few taboos herself
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ženu koja je isto razbila nekoliko tabua
14:29
becoming the first elected woman head of state
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i postala prva izabrana žena na čelu države
14:31
in Africa in years.
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u Africi u poslednje vreme.
14:35
When she made her presidential address,
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Kada je imala svoje predsedničko obraćanje,
14:38
she acknowledged these brave women of Liberia
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priznala je hrabrost ovih žena Liberije
14:40
who allowed her to win against a football star --
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koje su joj pomogle da pobedi protiv fudbalske zvezde -
14:43
that's soccer for you Americans --
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za vas Amerikance, mislim na evropski fudbal -
14:45
no less.
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ne manje.
14:47
Women like Sakena and Leah
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Žene kao Sakena i Lea
14:49
and Layma
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i Lajma
14:51
have humbled me and changed me
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su me načinile skromnom i promenile me
14:54
and made me realize that I should not be so quick
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i pomogle da shvatim da ne treba da budem brzopleta
14:57
to jump to assumptions of any kind.
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sa bilo kakvim pretpostavkama.
15:01
They've also saved me from my righteous anger
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Takođe su me spasile mog pravednog gneva
15:03
by offering insights into this third way.
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nudeći uvid u ovaj "treći način".
15:07
A Filipina activist once said to me,
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Filipinska aktiviskinja mi je jednom rekla,
15:09
"How do you cook a rice cake?
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"Kako kuvaš tortu od pirinča?
15:11
With heat from the bottom and heat from the top."
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Sa toplotom sa dna i sa vrha."
15:14
The protests, the marches,
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Protesti, marševi,
15:16
the uncompromising position that
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beskompromisni stav da
15:18
women's rights are human rights, full stop.
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ženska prava jesu ljudska prava, i tačka.
15:22
That's the heat from the bottom.
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To je toplota sa dna.
15:24
That's Malcolm X and the suffragists
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To su Malcolm X i oni koju su glasali za prava žena
15:26
and gay pride parades.
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i tu su gej parade.
15:28
But we also need the heat from the top.
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Ali nam je takođe potrebna i toplota sa vrha.
15:30
And in most parts of the world,
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U većini delova sveta
15:32
that top is still
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taj vrh i dalje
15:34
controlled by men.
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kontrolišu muškarci.
15:36
So to paraphrase Marx: Women make change,
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Da parafraziram Marksa: Žene prave promene
15:39
but not in circumstances of their own choosing.
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ali ne u okolnostima po sopstvenom izboru.
15:42
They have to negotiate.
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One moraju da pregovaraju.
15:44
They have to subvert tradition that once silenced them
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Moraju da poruše tradiciju koja ih je jednom ućutkivala
15:47
in order to give voice to new aspirations.
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kako bi dale glas novim težnjama.
15:50
And they need allies from their communities.
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I potrebni su im saveznici u njihovim zajednicama,
15:53
Allies like the imam,
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saveznici kao imam,
15:55
allies like the father who now writes songs
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saveznici kao otac koji piše pesme
15:57
for a lesbian group in Croatia,
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za grupu lezbejki u Hrvarskoj,
16:00
allies like the policeman who honored a taboo and backed away,
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saveznici kao policajac koji je poštujući tabu ustuknuo,
16:03
allies like my father,
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saveznici kao moj otac,
16:05
who couldn't help his sister but has helped three daughters
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koji nije mogao da pomogne svojoj sestri, ali je pomogao svojim trima
16:08
pursue their dreams.
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ćerkama da slede svoje snove.
16:10
Maybe this is because feminism,
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Možda je ovo zato što feminizam,
16:12
unlike almost every other social movement,
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za razliku od svih ostalih društvenih pokreta,
16:14
is not a struggle against a distinct oppressor --
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nije okrenut protiv tačno određenog ugnjetavača.
16:17
it's not the ruling class
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Nije u pitanju vladajuća klasa
16:19
or the occupiers or the colonizers --
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niti okupatori ili kolonizatori,
16:22
it's against a deeply held set of beliefs and assumptions
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usmeren je protiv duboko urezanog sistema razmišljanja i pretpostavki
16:25
that we women, far too often,
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da mi žene prečesto
16:28
hold ourselves.
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suzdržavamo svoje mogućnosti.
16:30
And perhaps this is the ultimate gift of feminism,
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I možda je ovo glavni dar feminizma,
16:33
that the personal is in fact the political.
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da je lično u stvari politička stvar.
16:36
So that, as Eleanor Roosevelt said once of human rights,
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Tako da, kako je Elenor Ruzvelt jednom rekla o ljudskim pravima,
16:38
the same is true of gender equality:
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i isto važi i za jednakost polova,
16:41
that it starts in small places, close to home.
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da se sa time počinje na malim mestima, blizu doma.
16:44
On the streets, yes,
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Na ulicama, da,
16:46
but also in negotiations at the kitchen table
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ali takođe i u pregovorima za kuhinjskim stolom
16:49
and in the marital bed
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i u bračnom krevetu
16:51
and in relationships between lovers and parents
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i u odnosima ljubavnika i roditelja
16:53
and sisters and friends.
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i sestara i prijatelja.
16:57
And then
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I tada, tada
16:59
you realize that by integrating
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shvatite da uključivanjem
17:01
aspects of tradition and community
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aspekata tradicije i zajednice
17:03
into their struggles,
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u svoje borbe,
17:05
women like Sakena and Leah and Layma --
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žene poput Sakene, Lee i Lajme,
17:08
but also women like Sonia Gandhi here in India
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ali takođe i Sonje Gandi ovde u Indiji
17:10
and Michelle Bachelet in Chile
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i Mihele Bačelet u Čileu
17:13
and Shirin Ebadi in Iran --
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i Shirin Ebadi u Iranu
17:16
are doing something else.
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rade nešto drugo.
17:18
They're challenging the very notion
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One dovode u pitanje samu osnovu
17:20
of Western models of development.
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zapadnjačkih modela razvoja.
17:23
They are saying, we don't have to be like you
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One kažu, ne moramo biti kao vi
17:26
to make change.
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da bismo napravile promenu.
17:28
We can wear a sari or a hijab
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Možemo nositi sari ili hidžab
17:31
or pants or a boubou,
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ili pantalone ili boubou,
17:33
and we can be party leaders and presidents
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i možemo voditi partije i biti predsednice
17:36
and human rights lawyers.
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i advokati za ljudska prava.
17:38
We can use our tradition to navigate change.
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Možemo koristiti tradiciju kao vodilju kroz promene.
17:41
We can demilitarize societies
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Možemo ukidati vojske
17:44
and pour resources, instead,
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i prebacivati resurse umesto toga
17:46
into reservoirs of genuine security.
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u izvore prave sigurnosti.
17:50
It is in these little stories,
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Upravo u ovim malim pričama,
17:53
these individual stories,
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ovim ličnim pričama,
17:55
that I see a radical epic being written
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ja vidim radikalno epsko delo koje pišu
17:57
by women around the world.
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žene širom sveta.
17:59
It is in these threads
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Upravo u ovim nitima
18:01
that are being woven into a resilient fabric
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koje se pletu u jak materijal
18:03
that will sustain communities,
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koji će opstati u zajednicama,
18:06
that I find hope.
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ja vidim nadu.
18:08
And if my heart is singing,
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I ako mi srce peva,
18:10
it's because in these little fragments,
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to je zbog ovih malih fragmenata,
18:13
every now and again, you catch a glimpse
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s vremena na vreme, uhvatimo tren
18:15
of a whole, of a whole new world.
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potpuno, potpuno novog sveta.
18:18
And she is definitely on her way.
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I ona je definitivno na svom putu.
18:21
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
18:23
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kavita Ramdas - PhilanthropistKavita Ramdas directs the Global Fund for Women, the largest foundation in the world supporting women's human rights across all borders.
Why you should listen
Kavita Ramdas is president and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, a publicly supported grantmaking foundation that advances human rights by investing in women-led organizations worldwide. Over the past 22 years, the Global Fund has provided more than 7,000 grants, reaching more than 3,000 groups. Since Ramdas took the reins, the fund's assets have more than tripled -- and so has the number of countries the group works in, now at 170.
The Global Fund for Women contributes to groups that improve women's economic security, work to end gender-based violence, increase access to education at all stages of life, provide critical health services and encourage women to take leadership roles in the public sector. In interviews, Ramdas has said that grantmakers can learn as much from applicants as applicants do from them. This is a philosophy she employs at Global Fund, where grants are often given with as few strings attached as possible, and proposals are accepted in any language. Her vision stands to change the game, not only in women's rights but in philanthropy as a whole.
Kavita Ramdas | Speaker | TED.com