Elizabeth Howell: How we can improve maternal healthcare -- before, during and after pregnancy
Elizabeth Howell: Bagaimana meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan ibu -- sebelum, selama, dan sesudah kehamilan?
Elizabeth Howell is working to address maternal mortality in the United States. Full bio
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keluar dari lift.
as a resident physician
bertugas sebagai dokter residen
of doctors and nurses
dokter dan perawat
di ruang bersalin.
to save a woman's life.
keras untuk menyelamatkan seorang wanita.
a few hours before I arrived.
yang sehat beberapa jam sebelum saya tiba.
became unresponsive,
dapat merespons,
and the patient was lifeless.
dan pasien yang sudah tidak bernyawa.
tried to bring her back to life,
keras untuk menyelamatkan jiwanya,
was the father's piercing cry.
adalah tangisan memilukan sang ayah.
and the heart of everyone on that floor.
saya dan semua orang di lantai itu.
the happiest day of his life,
paling bahagia,
to be the worst day.
menjadi hari terburuk baginya.
was an isolated incident,
tragedi ini adalah insiden terakhir,
is actually higher
sebenarnya lebih tinggi daripada
yang berpendapatan tinggi,
for women of color.
untuk wanita berkulit non-putih.
actually increased over the last decade,
telah meningkat dalam 10 tahun terakhir,
telah menekan angka itu.
ini adalah?
than any other country in the world.
kesehatan daripada negara lain di dunia.
that this new mother lost her life,
meninggalnya sang ibu baru itu,
and training in the field,
dan pelatihan di lapangan,
by how little attention was paid
perhatian terhadap
maternal health care.
berkualitas untuk para ibu.
not just for myself
bukan hanya untuk diri sendiri
was a civil rights attorney
seorang pengacara hak sipil
for what we believe in.
pendirian yang teguh.
were born in Jamaica,
orang tua saya lahir di Jamaika,
the American Dream.
"The American Dream".
residensi,
perlakuan buruk
women of color were treated
putih berpendapatan rendah
I felt a responsibility to stand up,
bertanggung jawab untuk membela,
by our healthcare system.
oleh sistem pelayanan kesehatan kita.
on improving maternal health care.
bidang peningkatan layanan kesehatan ibu.
para ibu?
causing seizures and strokes,
menyebabkan kejang dan stroke,
of maternal mortality in this country.
terbesar kematian ibu di negara ini.
is only the tip of the iceberg.
segelintir kasus yang tampak.
suffer a severe complication
dari 100 wanita menderita komplikasi akut
having one of these events.
wanita mengalami salah satu kejadian itu.
called severe maternal morbidity,
yang disebut morbiditas-ibu akut,
and they're life-altering.
dan berisiko kematian.
between 1.5 and two percent
hingga 2 persen
that occur every year in this country
terjadi setiap tahun di negara ini,
kejadian-kejadian tersebut.
having a blood clot, a seizure, a stroke,
jamnya, mengalami pembekuan darah, kejang,
such as kidney failure,
akhir seperti gagal ginjal,
that's frankly unforgivable
yang tidak dapat dimaafkan
of these deaths and severe complications
dan komplikasi akut tersebut
and standard procedures
konkret dan prosedur standar
these bad outcomes from occurring
buruk tersebut
fancy new technology.
teknologi baru yang mewah.
between hospitals.
standar di semua rumah sakit.
in labor has really high blood pressure
hamil mengalami hipertensi saat bersalin
antihypertensive medication
anti hipertensi yang benar,
blood loss during delivery,
saat bersalin secara akurat,
and save a woman's life.
terdeteksi dan jiwa ibu pun selamat.
of these catastrophic events tomorrow,
angka kejadian bencana ini secepatnya,
the quality of care
kualitas pelayanan
to what is supposed to be the standard,
RS ditingkatkan sesuai dengan standar,
and severe complications way down.
dan komplikasi akut secara drastis.
actually adopted these standards,
menerapkan standar tersebut,
of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Obstetri dan Ginekologi AS (ACOG)
healthcare organizations,
organisasi kesehatan lainnya,
and community organizations.
organisasi masyarakat.
standard care practices
praktik pelayanan standar
throughout the country.
kesehatan di seluruh negara bagian.
is a program called
gunakan adalah program
in Maternal Health, the AIM program.
Health", atau program AIM.
and severe maternal morbidity rates
angka mortalitas dan mortalitas-ibu akut
across the country.
dan keamanan di semua negara bagian.
a number of safety bundles
sejumlah paket keamanan
preventable causes of a maternal death.
kematian ibu yang paling dapat dicegah.
has the potential to reach
potensi untuk mencapai
protocols, procedures,
prosedur berbasis bukti,
these conditions.
yang diperlukan.
of a hemorrhage bundle.
Paket Perdarahan.
kita butuh troli
might need in an emergency:
atau perawat dalam keadaan darurat:
to measure blood loss:
mengukur perdarahan
collect these sponges and pads
mengumpulkan spons dan pembalut ini
assess how much blood has been lost.
mengukur perdarahan dengan akurat.
crises protocols for massive transfusions
protokol krisis untuk transfusi masif
in the use of these types of bundles,
terkemuka untuk jenis paket ini,
saw a 21 percent reduction
akibat perdarahan
this bundle in the first year.
menggunakan paket ini di tahun pertama.
across the country is spotty or missing.
secara merata di seluruh negara bagian.
of evidence-based practices
praktik berbasis bukti
RS lainnya,
for women of color in the United States.
jauh untuk wanita non-kulit putih di AS.
to suffer a pregnancy-related death
kasus kehamilan dibandingkan dengan
who deliver in this country,
ibu berkulit hitam yang bersalin di sini,
in the United States
di negara AS
drive these disparities,
menjadi penyebab kesenjangan,
setingkat universitas
as compared to a white woman
dibandingkan dengan wanita kulit putih
to suffer a severe pregnancy complication
menderita komplikasi kehamilan yang parah
that education was our salvation,
bahwa pendidikan akan menyelamatkan kami,
hal itu sama sekali tidak benar.
perinatal health measures,
perinatal masyarakat,
are even more pronounced
more likely to die
kali lebih rentan meninggal
than is a white woman.
seorang wanita kulit putih.
are probably familiar with
of Dr. Shalon Irving,
who died following childbirth.
meninggal setelah melahirkan.
in ProPublica and NPR
di konferensi
of hearing her mother speak.
mendengar ibunya berbicara.
yang brilian,
racial and ethnic disparities in health.
etnis dan ras dalam kesehatan.
this was her first baby,
a complicated pregnancy,
mengalami komplikasi,
and was discharged from the hospital.
yang sehat, lalu diizinkan pulang dari RS.
from complications of high blood pressure.
komplikasi tekanan darah tinggi.
by healthcare professionals
kesehatan sebanyak 4 atau 5 kali
was not recognized.
is just one of many stories
satu dari sekian kisah
in health and health care
dalam kesehatan dan layanan kesehatan
that the social determinants of health,
faktor penentu sosial dalam kesehatan,
segregated housing,
segregasi perumahan,
an additional underlying cause:
penyebab mendasar lainnya:
pelayanan pasca persalinan.
by clinicians in those three weeks,
dengan dokter selama 3 minggu itu,
in the setting of childbirth
konteks persalinan
of racial and ethnic disparities
kesenjangan etnis dan ras
and severe maternal morbidity
dan morbiditas-ibu akut
for a variety of reasons,
karena berbagai alasan,
in a specific set of hospitals,
bersalin di rumah sakit tertentu.
outcomes for both black and white women,
buruk pada wanita kulit putih dan hitam,
of all black women
wanita berkulit hitam
deliver in those same hospitals.
putih bersalin di rumah sakit yang sama.
of having a life-threatening complication
komplikasi yang mengancam jiwa
in one hospital than another.
rumah sakit daripada yang lain.
are more likely to deliver
hitam berpeluang besar untuk bersalin
of the black-white disparity.
kesenjangan warna kulit.
social determinants of health
faktor penentu sosial kesehatan
equitable health care in this country,
layanan kesehatan yang adil di negara ini,
and they will take some time to resolve.
dirubah dan akan memerlukan waktu.
we can tackle quality of care.
kualitas pelayanan.
across the care continuum
melalui rangkaian pelayanan berkelanjutan
and reliable contraception
kontrasepsi yang aman dan terpercaya
providing preconception care,
pelayanan pra-konsepsi, supaya kita dapat
and optimize health.
mengoptimalkan kesehatan.
high-quality prenatal and delivery care
prenatal dan persalinan yang berkualitas
ibu dan anak yang sehat.
postpartum and inter-pregnancy care
pasca melahirkan dan jarak kehamilan
to have a healthy next baby
yang dikandungnya sehat
between life and death,
hidup dan mati seorang ibu,
after having an elevated blood pressure
ketika tekanan darahnya naik
was her second pregnancy.
dan ini kehamilan keduanya.
that had happened two years earlier,
yang terjadi 2 tahun yang lalu,
in the last few weeks of her pregnancy,
beberapa minggu terakhir kehamilannya,
elevated blood pressures,
don't worry, you'll be fine.
tidak usah khawatir.
You're a little nervous."
Kamu hanya sedikit gugup."
for Maria last time.
tidak berjalan mulus.
benar-benar mendengarkannya.
teliti dan mendalam.
the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
tanda-tanda dan gejala preeklamsia
if she was not feeling well,
merasa tidak enak badan,
sent her to the hospital.
ordered urgent lab tests.
laboratorium secepatnya.
to multiple different monitors
dengan beberapa monitor
to her blood pressure,
darahnya secara saksama
to prevent a seizure.
untuk mencegah kejang.
so high it put her at risk for a stroke,
meningkat sampai berisiko stroke,
langsung mengambil tindakan.
blood pressure in 15 minutes
darah dalam 15 menit
according to the latest correct protocol.
tepat berdasarkan protokol terbaru.
as a coordinated team
dalam 1 tim yang terampil
lowered her blood pressure.
a tragedy became a success story.
menjadi kisah sukses.
were controlled,
perempuan yang sehat.
from the hospital,
pulang dari rumah sakit,
the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia,
tentang tanda dan gejala preeklamsia,
her blood pressure checked,
pasca melahirkan
postpartum health and what to expect.
melahirkan dan hal yang harus diketahui.
with her pediatrician
lanjutan dengan dokter anak
dokter kandungan
her blood pressure,
tekanan darahnya,
as a new mother.
kepeduliannya sebagai ibu baru.
across the care continuum looks like,
dengan rangkaian pelayanan berkelanjutan,
setiap komunitas
berkualitas ini
standard care practices,
menggunakan praktik pelayanan standar,
maternal morbidity rates would plummet.
dan morbiditas-ibu akut akan merosot.
would no longer be an embarrassment.
tidak akan memalukan lagi.
of unacceptably high rates
kematian ibu dan komplikasi
complications during delivery
tinggi dan tidak bisa diterima
for moms, babies and families,
untuk ibu, anak, dan keluarga
our poor performance on maternal mortality
performa buruk kita dalam kematian ibu
is within reach.
berkualitas dapat kita capai.
pregnant women from every community?
wanita hamil dari semua komunitas?
to ensure that when we do,
saya berusaha keras memastikan
basis bukti dan perlengkapan
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elizabeth Howell - Maternal health reformerElizabeth Howell is working to address maternal mortality in the United States.
Why you should listen
Elizabeth Howell is a physician, researcher and advocate committed to improving the health and well-being of women. She is an expert in quality-of-care and racial and ethnic disparities in maternal and child health. Her research focuses on the intersection between quality-of-care and disparities in maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, as well as postpartum depression and its impact on underserved communities.
A graduate of both Harvard Medical School and the Harvard Kennedy School, Howell is a pioneer in research in health equity. She has conducted extensive research on maternal morbidity and mortality in New York City and the significant racial and ethnic disparities that exist. She is a professor in the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Population Health Science and Policy at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. In addition, as the founding Director of the Blavatnik Family Women's Health Research Institute at Mount Sinai, Howell is building a competitive research program that advances the science of women's health across the life span. She has served on several expert committees for organizations including the National Academy of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, the Joint Commission and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Elizabeth Howell | Speaker | TED.com