Elizabeth Howell: How we can improve maternal healthcare -- before, during and after pregnancy
Elizabeth Howell: Como melhorar a saúde materna - antes, durante e depois da gravidez
Elizabeth Howell is working to address maternal mortality in the United States. Full bio
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as a resident physician
voltando ao serviço
of doctors and nurses
de médicos e enfermeiras
to save a woman's life.
tentando salvar a vida dela.
a few hours before I arrived.
horas antes de eu chegar.
became unresponsive,
and the patient was lifeless.
e a paciente estava sem vida.
tried to bring her back to life,
estava tentando reanimá-la,
de todo mundo, ela havia morrido.
was the father's piercing cry.
foi do choro cortante do pai.
and the heart of everyone on that floor.
e o de todo mundo naquele andar.
the happiest day of his life,
mais feliz da vida dele,
to be the worst day.
was an isolated incident,
que se trata de um caso isolado,
is actually higher
é a mais alta de todos os países ricos,
for women of color.
para as mulheres negras.
actually increased over the last decade,
aumentou durante a última década,
than any other country in the world.
do que qualquer outro país.
that this new mother lost her life,
em que aquela mãe perdeu sua vida,
and training in the field,
e treinamento na área,
by how little attention was paid
maternal health care.
not just for myself
não apenas para mim,
was a civil rights attorney
um advogado de direitos civis,
for what we believe in.
nossas crenças.
were born in Jamaica,
terem nascido na Jamaica,
the American Dream.
women of color were treated
são maltratadas pelo sistema de saúde.
I felt a responsibility to stand up,
senti a responsabilidade de defender,
by our healthcare system.
marginalizadas pelo sistema de saúde.
on improving maternal health care.
em melhorar o cuidado com a saúde materna.
causing seizures and strokes,
convulsões e derrames,
of maternal mortality in this country.
da mortalidade materna neste país.
is only the tip of the iceberg.
é só a ponta do iceberg.
suffer a severe complication
sofrem uma complicação grave
having one of these events.
todos os anos, tendo um desses casos.
called severe maternal morbidity,
como morbidade materna grave,
and they're life-altering.
e elas mudam a vida da pessoa.
between 1.5 and two percent
that occur every year in this country
realizados anualmente neste país
having a blood clot, a seizure, a stroke,
uma convulsão, um derrame,
such as kidney failure,
como insuficiência renal,
that's frankly unforgivable
of these deaths and severe complications
e das complicações graves
e procedimentos padrões
and standard procedures
these bad outcomes from occurring
fancy new technology.
nenhuma tecnologia sofisticada.
between hospitals.
in labor has really high blood pressure
de parto está com pressão muito alta
antihypertensive medication
anti-hipertensiva certa,
blood loss during delivery,
a perda de sangue durante o parto,
and save a woman's life.
mais cedo e salvar a vida de uma mulher.
of these catastrophic events tomorrow,
desses eventos catastróficos amanhã,
the quality of care
a qualidade dos cuidados
to what is supposed to be the standard,
dos cuidados ao padrão esperado,
and severe complications way down.
das mortes e das complicações graves.
actually adopted these standards,
e isso está fazendo toda a diferença.
de Obstetras e Ginecologistas
of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
healthcare organizations,
organizações de saúde,
and community organizations.
e organizações comunitárias.
standard care practices
práticas de cuidado padronizadas
throughout the country.
is a program called
é um programa chamado
in Maternal Health, o programa AIM.
in Maternal Health, the AIM program.
and severe maternal morbidity rates
de mortalidade e morbidade materna
across the country.
e qualidade pelo país.
a number of safety bundles
preventable causes of a maternal death.
mais evitáveis da morte materna.
has the potential to reach
o potencial de atingir
protocols, procedures,
protocolos, procedimentos,
these conditions.
of a hemorrhage bundle.
em caso de hemorragia.
ter tudo que um médico ou uma enfermeira
might need in an emergency:
máscara de oxigênio, medicamentos,
e outros equipamentos.
to measure blood loss:
collect these sponges and pads
coletam as esponjas e gazes
assess how much blood has been lost.
para medir a quantidade perdida de sangue.
crises protocols for massive transfusions
também inclui protocolos de crise
e treinamentos regulares.
in the use of these types of bundles,
desses tipos de medidas
saw a 21 percent reduction
teve uma redução de 21%
this bundle in the first year.
da implementação em hospitais.
across the country is spotty or missing.
pelo país ainda é inconsistente.
of evidence-based practices
for women of color in the United States.
negras nos Estados Unidos.
to suffer a pregnancy-related death
de causas relacionadas à gravidez
who deliver in this country,
negras grávidas nos EUA,
in the United States
drive these disparities,
provoca essas diferenças,
as compared to a white woman
com o ensino médio incompleto.
to suffer a severe pregnancy complication
de sofrer uma complicação grave
that education was our salvation,
que a educação é a salvação,
em termos de cuidado perinatal
perinatal health measures,
are even more pronounced
more likely to die
mais chances de morrer
than is a white woman.
do que uma mulher branca.
are probably familiar with
da Dra. Shalon Irving,
of Dr. Shalon Irving,
who died following childbirth.
que morreu após o parto.
in ProPublica and NPR
pela ProPublica e NPR
of hearing her mother speak.
de ouvir a mãe dela falar.
racial and ethnic disparities in health.
a desigualdade racial e étnica na saúde.
this was her first baby,
a complicated pregnancy,
and was discharged from the hospital.
saudável e recebeu alta do hospital.
de complicações causadas por pressão alta.
from complications of high blood pressure.
by healthcare professionals
com profissionais de saúde
was not recognized.
não foi reconhecida.
is just one of many stories
in health and health care
social e étnica na saúde
that the social determinants of health,
de que os determinantes sociais
segregated housing,
educação e segregação
an additional underlying cause:
uma causa subjacente adicional:
no cuidado pós-parto.
por clínicos naquelas três semanas,
by clinicians in those three weeks,
in the setting of childbirth
of racial and ethnic disparities
da desigualdade social e étnica
e da morbidade materna grave
and severe maternal morbidity
for a variety of reasons,
in a specific set of hospitals,
o parto em hospitais específicos
outcomes for both black and white women,
para ambas as mulheres negras e brancas,
os Estados Unidos,
of all black women
das mulheres negras
deliver in those same hospitals.
brancas fazem o parto nesses hospitais.
of having a life-threatening complication
ter uma complicação potencialmente fatal
maior num hospital do que em outro.
in one hospital than another.
are more likely to deliver
tendem a fazer o parto
of the black-white disparity.
entre negros e brancos.
social determinants of health
os determinantes sociais da saúde
equitable health care in this country,
igualitário neste país,
and they will take some time to resolve.
para serem solucionados facilmente.
we can tackle quality of care.
com a qualidade dos cuidados.
across the care continuum
de cuidados continuamente
and reliable contraception
à contracepção segura e confiável
providing preconception care,
fornecer cuidados de preconcepção,
crônicas e otimizar a saúde.
and optimize health.
high-quality prenatal and delivery care
de qualidade e cuidados no parto,
postpartum and inter-pregnancy care
pós-parto e entre uma gravidez e outra,
to have a healthy next baby
para ter seu próximo bebê
between life and death,
a diferença entre a vida e a morte,
after having an elevated blood pressure
após sinais de pressão de alta
was her second pregnancy.
e era sua segunda gravidez.
that had happened two years earlier,
que tinha acontecido dois anos antes,
in the last few weeks of her pregnancy,
nas últimas semanas da gravidez,
elevated blood pressures,
don't worry, you'll be fine.
You're a little nervous."
for Maria last time.
the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
e os sintomas da pré-eclâmpsia
if she was not feeling well,
se sentisse bem, precisaria voltar.
sent her to the hospital.
a mandou para o hospital.
ordered urgent lab tests.
exames de laboratório urgentes.
to multiple different monitors
to her blood pressure,
à sua pressão sanguínea,
to prevent a seizure.
para prevenir convulsões.
so high it put her at risk for a stroke,
aumentou a ponto de ter um derrame,
entraram em ação.
blood pressure in 15 minutes
de novo em 15 minutos
according to the latest correct protocol.
de acordo com o último protocolo correto.
as a coordinated team
calmamente como uma equipe
lowered her blood pressure.
sua pressão sanguínea.
a tragedy became a success story.
uma tragédia se tornou uma vitória.
were controlled,
from the hospital,
the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia,
e os sintomas da pré-eclâmpsia,
her blood pressure checked,
a pressão sanguínea,
semana pós-parto,
postpartum health and what to expect.
normal na saúde pós-parto.
with her pediatrician
her blood pressure,
as a new mother.
across the care continuum looks like,
oferecida continuamente,
standard care practices,
com práticas de cuidado padronizadas,
maternal morbidity rates would plummet.
e morbidade materna grave despencariam.
would no longer be an embarrassment.
não seria mais uma vergonha.
of unacceptably high rates
temos taxas inaceitáveis
complications during delivery
potencialmente fatais durante o parto,
for moms, babies and families,
para mães, bebês e famílias,
our poor performance on maternal mortality
ao nosso fraco desempenho
is within reach.
está ao nosso alcance.
pregnant women from every community?
para valorizar as grávidas
to ensure that when we do,
para garantir que, ao fazermos isso,
e a base de evidências prontas
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elizabeth Howell - Maternal health reformerElizabeth Howell is working to address maternal mortality in the United States.
Why you should listen
Elizabeth Howell is a physician, researcher and advocate committed to improving the health and well-being of women. She is an expert in quality-of-care and racial and ethnic disparities in maternal and child health. Her research focuses on the intersection between quality-of-care and disparities in maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, as well as postpartum depression and its impact on underserved communities.
A graduate of both Harvard Medical School and the Harvard Kennedy School, Howell is a pioneer in research in health equity. She has conducted extensive research on maternal morbidity and mortality in New York City and the significant racial and ethnic disparities that exist. She is a professor in the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Population Health Science and Policy at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. In addition, as the founding Director of the Blavatnik Family Women's Health Research Institute at Mount Sinai, Howell is building a competitive research program that advances the science of women's health across the life span. She has served on several expert committees for organizations including the National Academy of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, the Joint Commission and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Elizabeth Howell | Speaker | TED.com