TEDGlobal 2010
Lewis Pugh: My mind-shifting Everest swim
Bagaimana berenang di Gunung Everest mengubah cara berpikir Lewis Pugh
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Setelah berenang di Kutub Utara, Lewis Pugh berjanji tidak akan pernah berenang di air dingin lagi. Tapi kemudian dia mendengar tentang Danau Imja di Pegunungan Himalaya, yang terbuat dari gletser yang mencair, dan Danau Pumori, kumpulan air pada ketinggian 5.300 meter di Gunung Everest -- mulailah perjalanan yang akan mengajarkannya pendekatan baru yang radikal dalam berenang dan memandang perubahan iklim.
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmer
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest. Full bio
Pushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Last year when I was here, I was speaking to you about a swim
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Tahun lalu saat saya berada di sini, saya berbicara tentang
00:18
which I did across the North Pole.
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kisah saya berenang melintasi Kutub Utara.
00:21
And while that swim took place three years ago,
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Walaupun saya melakukannya tiga tahun yang lalu,
00:23
I can remember it as if it was yesterday.
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saya masih mengingatnya seperti baru kemarin.
00:26
I remember standing on the edge of the ice,
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Saya ingat berdiri di tepian es,
00:29
about to dive into the water,
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tepat sebelum menyelam ke dalam air,
00:31
and thinking to myself, I have never ever
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dan berpikir, saya belum pernah
00:34
seen any place on this earth
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melihat tempat manapun di Bumi
00:36
which is just so frightening.
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yang sangat menyeramkan seperti ini.
00:38
The water is completely black.
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Airnya benar-benar hitam.
00:40
The water is minus 1.7 degrees centigrade,
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Suhunya minus 1,7 derajat Celcius,
00:43
or 29 degrees Fahrenheit.
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atau 29 derajat Fahrenheit.
00:46
It's flipping freezing in that water.
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Airnya benar-benar sangat dingin.
00:49
And then a thought came across my mind:
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Lalu sebuah pikiran muncul dalam benak saya:
00:52
if things go pear-shaped on this swim,
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jika saya gagal dalam renang ini,
00:55
how long will it take for my frozen body
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berapa waktu yang dibutuhkan tubuh beku saya
00:58
to sink the four and a half kilometers
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untuk tenggelam sejauh empat setengah kilometer
01:00
to the bottom of the ocean?
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menuju dasar laut?
01:02
And then I said to myself, I've just got to get this thought
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Lalu saya berkata kepada diri sendiri, saya harus mengenyahkan
01:04
out of my mind as quickly as possible.
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pikiran itu secepat mungkin.
01:06
And the only way I can dive
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Dan satu-satunya cara saya dapat menyelam
01:08
into that freezing cold water
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ke dalam air yang sangat dingin itu
01:10
and swim a kilometer
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dan berenang sejauh satu kilometer
01:12
is by listening to my iPod and really revving myself up,
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adalah dengan mendengarkan iPod dan menyemangati diri saya sendiri
01:15
listening to everything from beautiful opera
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mendengarkan apa saja, mulai dari opera yang indah
01:18
all the way across to Puff Daddy,
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sampai Puff Daddy,
01:21
and then committing myself a hundred percent --
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lalu berniat seratus persen --
01:23
there is nothing more powerful than the made-up mind --
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tidak ada yang lebih kuat daripada tekad yang bulat --
01:26
and then walking up to the edge of the ice
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dan kemudian saya berjalan ke tepian es
01:29
and just diving into the water.
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dan menyelam ke dalam air.
01:31
And that swim took me
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Dan saya memerlukan waktu
01:33
18 minutes and 50 seconds,
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18 menit dan 50 detik,
01:35
and it felt like 18 days.
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dan rasanya seperti 18 hari.
01:37
And I remember getting out of the water
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Saya ingat saat saya keluar dari air
01:39
and my hands feeling so painful
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tangan saya terasa sangat sakit
01:41
and looking down at my fingers,
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dan saat melihat jari-jari saya
01:43
and my fingers were literally the size of sausages
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jari-jari saya berukuran sebesar sosis
01:46
because -- you know, we're made partially of water --
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karena -- Anda tahu, sebagian tubuh kita adalah air --
01:49
when water freezes it expands,
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dan saat air membeku, air mengembang,
01:51
and so the cells in my fingers
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jadi sel-sel pada jari-jari saya
01:53
had frozen and expanded
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telah membeku dan bertambah besar
01:55
and burst.
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dan pecah.
01:57
And the most immediate thought when I came out of that water
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Dan hal pertama yang saya pikirkan saat saya keluar dari air
01:59
was the following:
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adalah:
02:01
I'm never, ever
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Saya tidak akan pernah lagi
02:03
going to do another cold water swim
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berenang di dalam air dingin
02:06
in my life again.
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seumur hidup saya.
02:09
Anyway, last year, I heard about the Himalayas
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Namun, tahun lalu, saya mendengar tentang Pegunungan Himalaya
02:12
and the melting of the -- (Laughter)
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dan cairnya -- (Suara tawa)
02:14
and the melting of the glaciers
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dan cairnya gletser di sana
02:16
because of climate change.
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karena perubahan iklim.
02:18
I heard about this lake, Lake Imja.
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Saya mendengar tentang danau ini, Danau Imja.
02:21
This lake has been formed in the last couple of years
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Danau ini terbentuk dalam beberapa tahun terakhir
02:24
because of the melting of the glacier.
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karena cairnya gletser.
02:26
The glacier's gone all the way up the mountain
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Gletser ini berasal dari puncak gunung
02:28
and left in its place this big lake.
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dan menjadi danau besar ini.
02:31
And I firmly believe
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Saya sangat percaya
02:33
that what we're seeing in the Himalayas
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bahwa yang kita lihat di Pegunungan Himalaya
02:35
is the next great, big battleground
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adalah medan perang besar selanjutnya
02:37
on this earth.
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di Bumi ini.
02:39
Nearly two billion people --
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Hampir dua miliar orang --
02:41
so one in three people on this earth --
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jadi satu dari tiga orang di dunia ini --
02:43
rely on the water from the Himalayas.
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bergantung pada air dari Pegunungan Himalaya.
02:46
And with a population increasing as quickly as it is,
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Dan dengan jumlah penduduk yang meningkat dengan cepat,
02:49
and with the water supply from these glaciers --
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dan persediaan air dari gletser ini --
02:51
because of climate change --
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karena perubahan iklim --
02:53
decreasing so much,
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berkurang drastis,
02:55
I think we have a real risk of instability.
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Ada risiko ketidakstabilan yang nyata.
02:57
North, you've got China; south, you've India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
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Di Utara, ada Cina, di Selatan ada India, Pakistan, Bangladesh.
03:00
all these countries.
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semua negara-negara ini.
03:02
And so I decided
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Sehingga saya memutuskan
03:04
to walk up to Mt. Everest,
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untuk mendaki Gunung Everest,
03:06
the highest mountain on this earth,
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gunung tertinggi di dunia,
03:08
and go and do a symbolic swim
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dan berenang secara simbolis
03:10
underneath the summit
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di bawah puncak
03:12
of Mt. Everest.
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Gunung Everest.
03:14
Now, I don't know if any of you have had the opportunity to go to Mt. Everest,
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Saya tidak tahu apakah di sini ada yang pernah pergi ke Gunung Everest,
03:17
but it's quite an ordeal getting up there.
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namun perjalanan ke sana cukup menyiksa.
03:20
28 great, big, powerful yaks
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28 yak yang besar dan kuat
03:22
carrying all the equipment up onto this mountain --
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membawa semua perlengkapan ke atas gunung ini --
03:25
I don't just have my Speedo,
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Saya tidak hanya membawa Speedo saya.
03:27
but there's a big film crew who then
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Namun ada kru film dalam jumlah besar yang
03:29
send all the images around the world.
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mengirimkan semua gambar-gambarnya ke seluruh dunia.
03:32
The other thing which was so challenging about this swim
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Hal lain yang sangat menantang dalam renang ini
03:35
is not just the altitude.
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bukan hanya ketinggiannya.
03:37
I wanted to do the swim at 5,300 meters above sea level.
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Saya ingin berenang pada ketinggian 5.300 meter di atas permukaan laut.
03:40
So it's right up in the heavens.
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Benar-benar berada di atas langit.
03:42
It's very, very difficult to breath. You get altitude sickness.
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Sangat sulit untuk bernafas. Anda mengalami mual karena ketinggian.
03:45
I feels like you've got a man standing behind you with a hammer
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Saya merasa seperti ada orang berdiri di belakang dengan sebuah palu
03:48
just hitting your head all the time.
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dan terus memukul kepala saya.
03:50
That's not the worst part of it.
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Itu bukan yang paling buruk.
03:52
The worst part was this year was the year where they decided
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Bagian terburuknya adalah, tahun ini mereka memutuskan
03:54
to do a big cleanup operation on Mt. Everest.
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melakukan operasi pembersihan besar-besaran di Gunung Everest.
03:57
Many, many people have died on Mt. Everest,
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Banyak orang meninggal di Gunung Everest,
04:00
and this was the year they decided to go
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dan inilah tahun di mana mereka memutuskan untuk pergi
04:02
and recover all the bodies of the mountaineers
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dan mengambil sebuah tubuh pendaki gunung
04:04
and then bring them down the mountain.
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dan membawanya turun.
04:07
And when you're walking up the mountain
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Sehingga saat Anda mendaki gunung
04:09
to attempt to do something
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dan mencoba melakukan sesuatu
04:11
which no human has ever done before, and, in fact, no fish --
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yang tidak pernah dilakukan oleh siapapun, dan kenyataannya,
04:14
there are no fish up there swimming at 5,300 meters --
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tidak ada ikan yang pernah berenang pada ketinggian 5.300 meter.
04:17
When you're trying to do that,
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Saat Anda mencoba melakukan hal itu,
04:19
and then the bodies are coming past you,
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dan melihat tubuh-tubuh orang meninggal,
04:21
it humbles you,
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Hal ini membuat Anda merasa rendah
04:23
and you also realize very, very clearly
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dan Anda juga menyadari dengan sangat jelas
04:25
that nature is so much more powerful
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bahwa alam jauh lebih kuat
04:28
than we are.
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daripada kita.
04:30
And we walked up this pathway,
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Kami melalui jalan ini
04:32
all the way up.
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terus sampai ke atas.
04:34
And to the right hand side of us
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Dan di sisi sebelah kanan kami
04:36
was this great Khumbu Glacier.
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adalah Gletser Khumbu yang menakjubkan ini.
04:38
And all the way along the glacier we saw
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Dan sepanjang gletser kami melihat
04:40
these big pools of melting ice.
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kolam-kolam besar dari salju yang mencair.
04:43
And then we got up to this small lake
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Kemudian kami sampai di danau kecil ini
04:46
underneath the summit of Mt. Everest,
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di bawah puncak Gunung Everest,
04:48
and I prepared myself
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dan saya mempersiapkan diri,
04:50
the same way as I've always prepared myself,
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sama seperti yang biasa saya lakukan,
04:52
for this swim which was going to be so very difficult.
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untuk renang ini, yang akan menjadi sangat sulit.
04:54
I put on my iPod, I listened to some music,
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Saya mengambil iPod saya, mendengarkan musik
04:57
I got myself as aggressive as possible --
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saya membuat diri saya seagresif mungkin --
04:59
but controlled aggression --
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namun tetap terkendali --
05:01
and then I hurled myself
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lalu saya menceburkan diri
05:03
into that water.
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ke dalam air.
05:05
I swam as quickly as I could
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Saya berenang secepat mungkin
05:08
for the first hundred meters,
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pada seratus meter pertama
05:10
and then I realized very, very quickly,
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kemudian saya menyadari dengan sangat cepat,
05:12
I had a huge problem on my hands.
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ada masalah besar pada tangan saya.
05:14
I could barely breathe.
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Saya sulit bernafas.
05:16
I was gasping for air.
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Saya berusaha mencari udara.
05:18
I then began to choke,
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Lalu saya mulai tercekik,
05:20
and then it quickly led to me vomiting in the water.
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kemudian saya pun muntah di dalam air.
05:23
And it all happened so quickly:
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Semuanya terjadi begitu cepat.
05:26
I then -- I don't know how it happened -- but I went underwater.
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Lalu saya -- saya tidak tahu apa yang terjadi -- tapi saya tenggelam.
05:29
And luckily, the water was quite shallow,
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Untungnya, airnya cukup dangkal,
05:32
and I was able to push myself off the bottom of the lake
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dan saya dapat mendorong diri saya dari dasar danau
05:35
and get up and then take another gasp of air.
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dan naik dan dapat bernafas kembali.
05:38
And then I said, carry on. Carry on. Carry on.
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Lalu saya berkata, ayo terus. Ayo terus. Ayo terus.
05:40
I carried on for another five or six strokes,
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Saya berenang lima atau enam ayunan lagi
05:43
and then I had nothing in my body,
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lalu saya kehilangan kendali tubuh saya,
05:46
and I went down to the bottom of the lake.
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dan saya tenggelam ke dasar danau.
05:48
And I don't where I got it from,
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Saya tidak tahu dari mana asalnya
05:50
but I was able to somehow
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namun saya entah bagaimana dapat
05:52
pull myself up and as quickly as possible
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mendorong diri saya keluar dan secepat mungkin
05:55
get to the side of the lake.
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berenang ke tepi danau.
05:58
I've heard it said that drowning
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Saya telah mendengar bahwa tenggelam
06:00
is the most peaceful death that you can have.
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adalah cara untuk mati yang paling damai.
06:03
I have never, ever heard
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Saya tidak pernah percaya
06:05
such utter bollocks.
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omong kosong semacam itu.
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
06:09
It is the most frightening and panicky feeling
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Itu adalah perasaan yang paling menakutkan dan panik
06:12
that you can have.
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yang dapat Anda rasakan.
06:14
I got myself to the side of the lake.
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Saya mencapai tepian danau.
06:16
My crew grabbed me,
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Para kru meraih tubuh saya
06:18
and then we walked as quickly as we could
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kemudian kami berjalan secepat mungkin
06:20
down -- over the rubble --
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turun -- melewati puing-puing --
06:22
down to our camp.
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menuju ke tenda kami.
06:24
And there, we sat down,
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Di sana, kami duduk
06:26
and we did a debrief about what had gone wrong
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lalu kami menguraikan kembali apa yang salah
06:29
there on Mt. Everest.
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di Gunung Everest itu.
06:31
And my team just gave it to me straight.
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Dan tim saya langsung melihatnya.
06:34
They said, Lewis, you need to have
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Mereka berkata, Lewis, Anda harus
06:36
a radical tactical shift
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mengubah taktik Anda dengan radikal
06:39
if you want to do this swim.
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jika Anda mau berenang di sini.
06:41
Every single thing which you have learned
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Semua hal yang sudah Anda pelajari
06:43
in the past 23 years of swimming,
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selama 23 tahun Anda berenang,
06:45
you must forget.
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harus Anda lupakan.
06:47
Every single thing which you learned
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Semua hal yang Anda pelajari
06:49
when you were serving in the British army,
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saat Anda menjadi anggota tentara Inggris,
06:51
about speed and aggression,
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tentang kecepatan dan keagresifan,
06:53
you put that to one side.
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harus Anda singkirkan.
06:55
We want you to walk up the hill in another two days' time.
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Kami ingin Anda mendaki bukit itu dua hari lagi.
06:58
Take some time to rest and think about things.
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Beristirahatlah sejenak dan pikirkan ini.
07:01
We want you to walk up the mountain in two days' time,
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Kami ingin agar Anda mendaki gunung itu dua hari lagi,
07:04
and instead of swimming fast,
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namun jangan berenang dengan cepat,
07:07
swim as slowly as possible.
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berenanglah selambat mungkin,
07:09
Instead of swimming crawl, swim breaststroke.
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Jangan menggunakan gaya bebas, namun gaya dada.
07:12
And remember, never ever swim with aggression.
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Dan ingat, jangan pernah berenang dengan agresif.
07:15
This is the time to swim
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Ini adalah saatnya untuk berenang
07:17
with real humility.
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dengan kerendahan hati.
07:19
And so we walked back up
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Jadi kami mendaki kembali
07:21
to the mountain two days later.
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gunung itu dua hari kemudian.
07:23
And I stood there
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Dan saya berdiri di sana
07:25
on the edge of the lake,
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di tepian danau,
07:27
and I looked up at Mt. Everest --
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dan saya melihat Gunung Everest --
07:29
and she is one of the most beautiful mountains on the earth --
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dan gunung ini adalah salah satu gunung terindah di dunia --
07:32
and I said to myself, just do this slowly.
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dan saya berkata kepada diri sendiri, lakukan perlahan-lahan.
07:35
And I swam across the lake.
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Dan saya berenang melintasi danau itu.
07:37
And I can't begin to tell you
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Saya tidak dapat menceritakan
07:39
how good I felt
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bagaimana perasaan saya
07:41
when I came to the other side.
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saat saya mencapai sisi danau lainnya.
07:43
But I learned two very, very
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Namun saya mempelajari dua hal
07:45
important lessons there on Mt. Everest,
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yang sangat penting di Gunung Everest.
07:48
and I thank my team of Sherpas who taught me this.
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Saya berterima kasih kepada tim Sherpa saya yang mengajarkan hal ini.
07:51
The first one is
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Yang pertama adalah,
07:53
that just because something has worked in the past so well,
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hanya karena sesuatu bekerja dengan baik di masa lalu.
07:56
doesn't mean it's going to work in the future.
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tidak berarti itu akan berhasil di masa depan.
07:59
And similarly,
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Demikian juga,
08:01
now, before I do anything,
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sekarang, sebelum saya melakukan apapun,
08:03
I ask myself what type of mindset
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saya akan bertanya pola pikir seperti apa
08:05
do I require
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yang saya perlukan
08:07
to successfully complete a task.
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untuk menyelesaikan tugas itu dengan sukses.
08:10
And taking that into the world of climate change --
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Dan dengan menerapkan hal itu pada dunia perubahan iklim,
08:13
which is, frankly,
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yang, sejujurnya,
08:15
the Mt. Everest of all problems --
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adalah Gunung Everest-nya semua masalah -
08:17
just because we've lived the way we have lived for so long,
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hanya karena sudah lama kita memiliki cara hidup seperti ini,
08:20
just because we have consumed the way we have for so long
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hanya karena sudah lama kita mengkonsumsi segala sesuatu seperti ini,
08:23
and populated the earth the way we have for so long,
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dan sudah lama menghuni Bumi dengan cara seperti ini,
08:26
doesn't mean that we can carry on
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tidak berarti kita dapat meneruskan
08:28
the way we are carrying on.
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cara hidup kita seperti saat ini.
08:30
The warning signs are all there.
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Tanda peringatannya ada di sana.
08:33
When I was born, the world's population
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Saat saya lahir, jumlah penduduk dunia
08:35
was 3.5 billion people.
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adalah 3,5 miliar orang.
08:37
We're now 6.8 billion people,
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Sekarang ada 6,8 miliar orang,
08:40
and we're expected to be 9 billion people
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dan diperkirakan akan menjadi 9 miliar orang
08:42
by 2050.
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pada tahun 2050.
08:44
And then the second lesson,
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Dan pelajaran kedua,
08:46
the radical, tactical shift.
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perubahan taktik radikal.
08:48
And I've come here to ask you today:
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Dan hari ini saya datang untuk bertanya:
08:51
what radical tactical shift
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perubahan taktik radikal apa
08:54
can you take in your relationship to the environment,
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yang dapat Anda lakukan dalam hubungannya dengan lingkungan
08:57
which will ensure
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yang akan menjamin
08:59
that our children and our grandchildren
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bahwa anak cucu kita
09:01
live in a safe world
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akan tinggal di dunia yang nyaman
09:03
and a secure world,
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dan aman,
09:05
and most importantly, in a sustainable world?
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dan yang lebih penting lagi, dunia yang lestari?
09:08
And I ask you, please, to go away from here
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Dan saya mengajak Anda, saat pergi dari sini
09:10
and think about that one
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pikirkanlah tentang satu
09:12
radical tactical shift
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perubahan taktik radikal
09:14
which you could make,
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yang dapat Anda lakukan itu,
09:16
which will make that big difference,
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yang akan membuat perbedaan besar,
09:18
and then commit a hundred percent to doing it.
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lalu berkomitmen seratus persen untuk melakukannya.
09:21
Blog about it, tweet about it, talk about it,
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Tulislah di blog, twitter, dan bicarakan kepada orang lain,
09:24
and commit a hundred percent,
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dan berkomitmen seratus persen.
09:26
because very, very few things
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Karena, sangat sedikit hal
09:28
are impossible to achieve
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yang tidak dapat dicapai
09:30
if we really put our whole minds to it.
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jika kita benar-benar bertekad bulat untuk melakukannya.
09:32
So thank you very, very much.
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Terima kasih banyak.
09:34
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lewis Pugh - Coldwater swimmerPushing his body through epic cold-water swims, Lewis Gordon Pugh wants to draw attention to our global climate. He's just back from swimming in a meltwater lake on the slopes of Mount Everest.
Why you should listen
Lewis Gordon Pugh loves to pioneer new swimming routes around or between landmarks once thought unswimmable. In 2006, he swam the drought-stricken Thames; also that year he became the first swimmer to do a long-distance swim in all five oceans of the world. The following year, he made the first long-distance swim across the North Pole -- where climate change made the ice temporarily disappear. Heading into the second decade of his swimming career, he's regarded as the greatest cold-water swimmer in history.
His swims have given him a sea-level view of our planet, and inspired him to do his bit to help preserve it. He left a career in maritime law to become a public speaker on environmental issues with his group, Polar Defence Project -- and of course to plan more astonishing swims and treks. In September 2008, Pugh and Robbie Hedgus kayaked across the Arctic Ocean into the polar ice pack, to raise awareness of the thinning sea ice and the dangers of climate change in the Arctic and across the world. And at the end of May 2010 he swam 1 kilometer across Pumori, a meltwater lake situated next to the Khumbu Glacier on Mount Everest, at an altitude of 5300 meters, to draw attention to the melting of the Asian glaciers. He completed the swim -- the highest any person has undertaken -- in less than 23 minutes. "Glaciers are not just ice: they are a lifeline, they provide water to 2 billion people, and we need to protect them," he says.
Lewis Pugh | Speaker | TED.com