Robin Hanson: What would happen if we upload our brains to computers?
ロビン・ハンソン: 脳をコンピューターにアップロードしたらどうなる?
Does humanity have a future as uploaded minds? In his work, Robin Hanson asks this and other extra-large questions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
as smart as people,
知性を持つようになるかも知れません
accumulating better software,
より優れたソフトウェアを
that may take centuries.
それまでに数世紀かかるでしょう
知性の論理を見つけたら
powerful theories of intelligence.
という人もいます
from the human brain.
移植するというアイデアですが
three technologies to be good enough,
lots of cheap, fast, parallel computers.
並列計算機(コンピューター)が必要です
to scan individual human brains
空間的、化学的組成の詳細まで
connected to what, of what type.
何と繋がっているかまでを理解する為です
computer models
どのように働くのかを
changing interval state
インターバル状態を変えて
of all the kinds of brain cells
a good enough model of an entire brain,
脳全体の十分に良いモデルができ
input-output behavior as the original.
入出力活動をするでしょう
答えを返してくれるかもしれません
it might do them.
everything would change.
about this idea for decades,
「アップロード」と呼び
[emは人の脳を模倣するモデル]
[emは人の脳を模倣するモデル]
Or is it just an empty machine?
それともそれは空っぽのマシン?
is that me or someone else?"
それは別人の人格になる?」
that I'm going to ignore ...
全部無視して話しますが—
to guess what would happen,
何が起こるかの予測を試み
I'm offering analysis.
分析を共有します
what's most likely to happen
何が一番起こりそうか
by something I tell you here,
of their life in virtual reality.
仮想現実(VR)世界で過ごします
if you were using virtual reality.
このようなものでしょう
you might hear gulls flying above,
空にカモメの鳴き声
on your cheeks or smell seawater,
潮の香りすらするかもしれません
a lot of time here,
make a phone call,
you would look like in virtual reality,
would look like in virtual reality.
sitting in a server rack somewhere.
コンピューターです
and experience the same thing.
同じものを見て体験できます
いくつかあります
that virtual reality isn't entirely real,
現実とは同じでは無いと分かっているでしょうが
as this room feels to you now
some more action possibilities.
runs at the same speed,
いつも同じ速さで走りますが
computer hardware to run faster or slower,
増減させて速くあるいは遅くでき
seems to be going too fast,
would seem to slow down.
a copy of itself at that moment.
自分を複製できるので
everything the same,
looking at the same speed,
その処理速度から区別はつかず
"You are the copy."
言われないと自覚しないかも知れません
usually in practice.
実際にそうなることはないでしょう
the computer that represents its brain,
脳として機能するコンピューターを
at the speed of light,
with ems near that new location.
what ems can do.
話してきました
to understand three key facts.
3つの主な事実を理解する必要があります
the human they emulate would do
emは手本である人間と同じ行動を
are very human.
とても人間らしく
they're living in a different world.
人間とは違う世界に生きているためです
real resources to survive.
物理的な資源を必要とします
energy, cooling, or they can't exist.
エネルギー、冷却装置などが必要です
that an em experiences,
had to work to pay for it.
その分を稼がなければなりません
quicker than the em economy,
to em subsistence levels.
賃金が下がることを意味し
most of the time.
働かなければならないことを意味します
this is what ems usually see:
このようなものです
you might think, is exotic and strange,
珍しく奇妙なものに思えるかも知れませんが
in human history,
all wild animals have ever lived,
このシナリオで生きて来ました
in this situation.
どう行動するか分かります
what it takes to survive,
so much about the em world.
about what they want
what it takes to survive.
生き延びる為だけに行動しています
from the point of view of the ems --
emの視点から語ってきましたが
and look at their whole world.
彼らの世界全体を見てみましょう
much faster than ours,
我々の世界よりも速く成長します
we would experience in a century or two,
this age much beyond that,
will happen, I don't know what.
私には分かりません
runs even faster,
thousands of years in this year or two,
is actually changing more slowly
皆さんが感じるよりも
in a small number of very dense cities.
とても混み合った都市に詰め込まれています
themselves in virtual reality,
physically crammed together.
物理的に押し込められている姿です
feels really painfully slow,
痛々しい程に遅く感じられるので
away from the em cities
really aren't that interested in it.
emはそこに大して興味を持ちません
引退しなければならないでしょう
all of the capital in this world.
資本のすべてを手にしていましたが
their wealth grows very fast.
彼らの富は非常に速く成長し
don't actually own that much
実際には仕事をする能力のほかに
they need to acquire sufficient assets,
彼らは十分な資産を取得し保険や資産共有の
unproductive retirees around us today,
and take their stuff.
the institutions we share with them.
emと私たちが共有する社会が崩壊するからです
訝しがるでしょうし
retire in peace during the age of em.
人間は穏やかに退職させられるかも知れません
the age of em only lasts a year or two
続かない事の方を心配するべきでしょう
of the few hundred most productive humans.
数百人の最も生産的な人間のようなものです
compared to the typical human,
Nobel Prize winner,
国家元首並みに優れています
perhaps with nostalgia and gratitude,
郷愁と感謝を感じるでしょうが
how you think about your ancestors.
私たちが先祖を思うようなものです
differ in terms of productivity.
to predict features of ems --
conscientious, hard-working,
勤勉で、結婚していて、信仰があり
of the kinds of variety that humans do,
and profession,
is mind speed.
マインド・スピードです
faster than human speed,
slower than human speed.
markers of high status.
They win arguments.
of our literature.
霊はそこら中にいて
if you pay the price.
they can't influence much,
影響力も無く
so what's the point?
取るに足りません
in the structure of their lives.
and you end, really simple.
初めと終わりがある—単純です
some short-term copies
those short term versions in a moment,
for the next day.
when there's more demand for that.
the future's going.
who elaborate that,
larger, more coherent designs.
デザインを実現します
for the last 20 years,
two hours a day, a life of leisure.
every day they had a thousand copies,
went on to the next day.
well over 99 percent of the time.
彼らは99%以上の時間働いていますが
a life of leisure.
You start and you end.
初めと終わりがあるります
if at the start of party,
[忘却は『死』?]
you would not remember that party
すっかりその記憶を失うクスリを
"I'm about to die, this is terrible.
「もう死ぬんだ こんなの酷い
because they won't remember what I do."
誰も自分の事を覚えていないから」
I just won't remember what I did."
覚えていなくても明日もちゃんと生きるさ」
a short-term copy
attitude possibilities.
creature with a short life. I hate this."
あるいは
who won't remember this part."
それは記憶されないんだ」
that second attitude,
but because it helps them get along.
彼らが共存する為に有効だからです
we must invade Iraq,
[金庫が秘密を守る]
and a copy of you can go inside a safe,
あなたのemとが安全な部屋に入り
from your copy to yourself,
1ビットの情報を出し
there is a good reason.
あったことが分かります
to evaluate this world.
if you love it or hate it.
わかります
from thousands of years ago
何千年も前のあなたの祖先も
they heard about it,
is really just weird.
you should really learn a lot about it,
それについてまずじっくり学んでください
work to change it.
より良く変える努力をするんです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robin Hanson - Futurist, social scientistDoes humanity have a future as uploaded minds? In his work, Robin Hanson asks this and other extra-large questions.
Why you should listen
In his book, The Age of Em: Work, Love and Life When Robots Rule the Earth, Robin Hanson re-imagines humanity's role as our tech becomes smarter. A pioneer in prediction markets, also known as information markets and idea futures, Hanson has been known since the 1980s for taking the very very long view on topics as varied as (a selected list) spatial product competition, health incentive contracts, group insurance, product bans, evolutionary psychology and bioethics of health care, voter information incentives, incentives to fake expertise, Bayesian classification, agreeing to disagree, self-deception in disagreement, probability elicitation, wiretaps, image reconstruction, the history of science prizes, reversible computation, the origin of life, the survival of humanity, very long term economic growth, growth given machine intelligence and interstellar colonization.
Meanwhile, he has developed new technologies for conditional, combinatorial and intermediated trading, and he studied insider trading, manipulation and other foul play. Hanson is associate professor of economics at George Mason University and a research associate at the Future of Humanity Institute of Oxford University. His next book is The Elephant in the Brain, co-authored with Kevin Simler, due in 2018.
Robin Hanson | Speaker | TED.com