TEDxNYED
Lawrence Lessig: Re-examining the remix
ラリー・レッシグ Re-examiming the remix
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TEDxNYEDで、元”少年共和党員”だったラリー・レッシグは、民主党支持者が相対する党である共和党からコピーライトについて何を学ぶことができるかを語ります。リミックス・カルチャーへの驚くべき視点です。
Lawrence Lessig - Legal activist
Lawrence Lessig has already transformed intellectual-property law with his Creative Commons innovation. Now he's focused on an even bigger problem: The US' broken political system. Full bio
Lawrence Lessig has already transformed intellectual-property law with his Creative Commons innovation. Now he's focused on an even bigger problem: The US' broken political system. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I want to talk about
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今日は保守的な人達からー
00:18
what we learn from conservatives.
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何を学べるのかをお話しします
00:21
And I'm at a stage in life where I'm yearning for my old days,
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私も過去を懐かしむ年齢ですから
00:24
so I want to confess to you
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みなさんに白状します
00:26
that when I was a kid,
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実は子供の頃は
00:30
indeed, I was a conservative.
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保守主義者で
00:33
I was a Young Republican, a Teenage Republican,
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１０代の少年共和党員の
00:35
a leader in the Teenage Republicans.
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リーダーでした
00:37
Indeed, I was the youngest member
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各地の代表団の中でも
00:39
of any delegation
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最年少でした
00:41
in the 1980 convention that elected Ronald Reagan
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ロナルド・レーガンが
00:43
to be the Republican nominee for president.
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共和党大統領候補の時です
00:47
Now, I know what you're thinking.
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ええ 知っています
00:49
(Laughter)
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（笑）
00:51
You're thinking, "That's not what the Internets say."
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”インターネットを探しても―”
00:55
You're thinking, "Wikipedia doesn't say this fact."
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”ウィキペディアにも書いていない”
00:58
And indeed, this is just one of the examples
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まあ これは一例なんです
01:01
of the junk that flows across the tubes
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いかに大量の情報のゴミが
01:03
in these Internets here.
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ネットを流れているかのね
01:06
Wikipedia reports that this guy,
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ウィキペティアには
01:08
this former congressman from Erie, Pennsylvania
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ペンシルバニアの元下院議員が
01:11
was, at the age of 20, one of the youngest people
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最年少リーダーと
01:13
at the Republican National Convention,
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書かれていますが
01:15
but it's just not true.
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それは間違いです
01:18
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:20
Indeed, it drives me so nuts, let me just change this little fact here.
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イヤなので修正しましょう
01:23
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:26
(Applause)
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（拍手）
01:30
All right. Okay, so ... perfect.
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これでよし うん完璧
01:33
Perfect.
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完璧だね
01:35
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:39
Okay, speaker Lawrence Lessig, right.
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ローレンス・レッシグが
01:42
Okay.
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発表と
01:44
Finally, truth will be brought here.
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正しくなりますよ
01:46
Okay, see? It's done. It's almost done. Here we go.
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もう少しで終わりです さあ
01:49
"... Youngest Republican," okay, we're finished.
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”…最年少共和党員” っと
01:53
That's it. Please save this.
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これを保存して
01:56
Great, here we go.
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さあ どうだ
01:59
And ... Wikipedia is fixed, finally.
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これで修正されました
02:02
Okay, but no, this is really besides the point.
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これは これくらいにします
02:05
(Applause)
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（拍手）
02:09
But the thing I want you to think about when we think about conservatives --
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保守主義で考えてほしいのは
02:12
not so much this issue of the 1980 convention --
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’80年共和党大会ではなく
02:14
the thing to think about is this:
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次のことです
02:16
They go to church.
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人々は教会に行きます
02:18
Now, you know, I mean, a lot of people go to church.
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教会に行くのは
02:20
I'm not talking about that only conservatives go to church.
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保守的な人だけではありません
02:23
And I'm not talking about the God thing.
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ここで神の話を
02:25
I don't want to get into that, you know; that's not my point.
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するつもりはありませんよ
02:27
They go to church, by which I mean,
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人々は教会に行って
02:29
they do lots of things for free for each other.
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無償でいろいろなことをします
02:33
They hold potluck dinners.
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持ち寄り夕食会をし
02:35
Indeed, they sell books about potluck dinners.
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持ち寄り夕食会の本を売る
02:38
They serve food to poor people.
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貧しい人へ食事も提供する
02:41
They share, they give,
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分かちあい 与えます
02:43
they give away for free.
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無償で与えるのです
02:45
And it's the very same people
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みな似かよった人達です
02:49
leading Wall Street firms
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Wall St.firmsに導かれ
02:52
who, on Sundays, show up
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日曜日ごとにやってきて
02:55
and share.
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分かち合う人達です
02:57
And not only food, right.
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食べ物に限らずね
02:59
These very same people
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彼らの共通点は
03:01
are strong believers, in lots of contexts,
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市場原理に限界があると
03:04
in the limits on the markets.
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厚く信仰していることです
03:07
They are in many important places
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そして市場原理反対の現場に
03:10
against markets.
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立ち会っています
03:12
Indeed, they, like all of us, celebrate this kind of relationship.
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この場のような関係も
03:15
But they're very keen that we don't
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お金を使わなければ
03:17
let money drop into that relationship,
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大歓迎です
03:19
else it turns into something like this.
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さもなければこんな感じです
03:22
They want to regulate us, those conservatives,
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保守的な人々は私達を規制し
03:25
to stop us from allowing the market to spread in those places.
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市場の拡大を防ぎたいのです
03:28
Because they understand:
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こうした場の市場性を
03:31
There are places for the market
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知りながらも
03:33
and places where the market should not exist,
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お金を払わずに
03:36
where we should be free
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交流を楽しむ場であるべきだと
03:39
to enjoy the fellowship of others.
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思っているのです
03:42
They recognize: Both of these things have to live together.
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有料と無料の共存が必要です
03:46
And the second great thing about conservatives:
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また保守派の人々は
03:49
they get ecology.
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エコロジーです
03:51
Right, it was the first great Republican president of the 20th century
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20世紀の共和党大統領で
03:54
who taught us about
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エコロジーを提唱した
03:56
environmental thinking -- Teddy Roosevelt.
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テディ・ルーズベルトです
03:58
They first taught us about ecology
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天然資源の利用は
04:00
in the context of natural resources.
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環境に優しいと教えました
04:03
And then they began to teach us in the context of
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また経済の観点から
04:05
innovation, economics.
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環境を説きました
04:07
They understand, in that context,
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彼らは経済的には
04:09
"free." They understand "free" is an important
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お金がかからないことが
04:12
essential part of the
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文化環境において
04:14
cultural ecology as well.
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重要だと分かっています
04:16
That's the thing I want you to think about them.
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そこを考えて欲しいのです
04:21
Now, I know
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まあ みなさんは
04:23
you don't believe me, really, here.
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私の話を信じないでしょうから
04:28
So here's exhibit number one.
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これを見てください
04:30
I want to share with you my latest hero, Julian Sanchez,
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ジュリアン・サンチェス
04:33
a libertarian who works at the, for many people,
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悪名高きCato研究所で働く
04:36
"evil" Cato Institute.
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自由主義者です
04:39
Okay, so Julian made this video.
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彼のビデオ技術は
04:41
He's a terrible producer of videos,
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ひどいものですが
04:43
but it's great content, so I'm going to give you a little bit of it.
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内容はすごいものです
04:45
So here he is beginning.
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始まりましたよ
04:47
Julian Sanchez: I'm going to make an observation about the way
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ジュリアン：リミックス文化の進化過程を
04:49
remix culture seems to be evolving ...
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観察してみましょう
04:51
Larry Lessig: So what he does is he begins to tell us
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ラリー・レッシグ：３本のビデオの
04:53
about these three videos.
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説明をしています
04:56
This is this fantastic Brat Pack remix
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生意気なガキどものリミックスです
04:59
set to Lisztomania.
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Lisztomaniaを使っている
05:03
Which, of course, spread virally.
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これが一気に広まり
05:05
Hugely successful.
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大流行しました
05:07
(Music)
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（音楽）
05:11
And then some people from Brooklyn saw it.
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ブルックリンの誰かが
05:13
They decided they wanted to do the same.
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似たものをつくりました
05:20
(Music)
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（音楽）
05:37
And then, of course, people from San Fransisco saw it.
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次にサンフランシスコで
05:39
And San Franciscans thought they had to do the same as well.
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同じように考えました
05:42
(Music)
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（音楽）
06:03
And so they're beautiful, but this libertarian
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ジュリアンのこのビデオから
06:06
has some important lessons he wants us to learn from this.
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学んで欲しい事の
06:08
Here's lesson number one.
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一つ目はこれです
06:11
JS: There's obviously also something really deeply great about this.
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JS:これには深い意味があります
06:15
They are acting in the sense that they're
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彼らはオリジナルのマッシュアップの
06:18
emulating the original mashup.
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真似をしています
06:20
And the guy who shot it obviously has a strong eye
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本当に目のつけどころがいい
06:23
and some experience with video editing.
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編集も上手です
06:25
But this is also basically just a group of friends
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そして仲間内でのビデオが
06:28
having an authentic social moment
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周囲を巻き込む
06:30
and screwing around together.
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社会的力を持つのです
06:32
It should feel familiar and kind of resonate
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仲間と歌ったり
06:34
for anyone who's had a sing-a-long or a dance party
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踊った事がある人なら
06:36
with a group of good friends.
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ビデオに共感できます
06:38
LL: Or ...
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LL：ということは…
06:40
JS: So that's importantly different from the earlier videos we looked at
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JS:初期のビデオとは全く違います
06:43
because here, remix isn't just about
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リミックスは地下室で
06:45
an individual doing something alone in his basement;
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一人でやるのではなく
06:48
it becomes an act of social creativity.
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社会的創造行為なのです
06:51
And it's not just that it yields
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そして最終的には
06:53
a different kind of product at the end,
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新しいものをつくりながら
06:56
it's that potentially it changes the way that we relate to each other.
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互いの関係を変える行為です
07:00
All of our normal social interactions
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こうしたマッシュアップは
07:03
become a kind of invitation
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日常のやり取りから
07:05
to this sort of collective expression.
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生まれることもある
07:07
It's our real social lives themselves
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現実の社会的営みが
07:09
that are transmuted into art.
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アートへと昇華されるのです
07:12
LL: And so then, what this libertarian draws from these two points ...
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LL:彼は２つのポイントを示します
07:15
JS: One remix is about
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JS：まずリミックスは
07:17
individuals using our shared culture
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仲間に伝える手段として
07:19
as a kind of language to communicate something to an audience.
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個人が共通の文化を使うもの
07:22
Stage two, social remix,
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ソーシャルリミックスは
07:24
is really about using it to mediate
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人々の互いの関係を
07:26
people's relationships to each other.
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取り持つのに使われています
07:29
First, within each video,
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それぞれのビデオでは
07:31
the Brat Pack characters are used as a kind of template
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一種の典型的な悪ガキが
07:34
for performing the social reality of each group.
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社会的現実として登場します
07:37
But there's also a dialogue between the videos,
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そしてビデオを比較する
07:40
where, once the basic structure is established,
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基本的枠組みを決めれば
07:43
it becomes a kind of platform
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各グループ内での
07:45
for articulating the similarities and differences
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相違点や類似点がよく分かる
07:48
between the groups' social and physical worlds.
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土台になるのです
07:51
LL: And then, here's for me,
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LL:いいでしょうか
07:53
the critical key to what
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一番重要なのは
07:55
Julian has to say ...
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この先です
07:57
JS: Copyright policy isn't just about
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JS:コピーライト政策とは
07:59
how to incentivize the production
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芸術品などの生産を
08:01
of a certain kind of artistic commodity;
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どう促進するかだけでなく
08:03
it's about what level of control
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現実の社会への管理を
08:05
we're going to permit to be exercised
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どの程度まで
08:07
over our social realities --
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許容するかです
08:09
social realities that are now inevitably
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現代の社会で主流なのは
08:12
permeated by pop culture.
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ポップカルチャーです
08:14
I think it's important that we
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芸術と大衆文化は
08:16
keep these two different kinds of public goods in mind.
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二つとも守るべき公共物です
08:19
If we're only focused on how to maximize
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片方だけをたくさん提供する
08:22
the supply of one,
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方法をとるならば
08:24
I think we risk suppressing
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より優れている
08:26
this different and richer
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重要な作品が
08:28
and, in some ways, maybe even more important one.
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公表できない危険があります
08:31
LL: Right. Bingo. Point.
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LL:そうこれがポイントです
08:34
Freedom needs this opportunity
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自由が保障されるには
08:37
to both have the commercial success
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優れた商業的作品による
08:40
of the great commercial works
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商業的な成功と
08:42
and the opportunity
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異なる文化を築く機会が
08:44
to build this different kind of culture.
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必要なのです
08:46
And for that to happen, you need
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この改革のために
08:48
ideas like fair use to be central and protected,
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フェアユースの発想が
08:51
to enable this kind of innovation,
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保護されるべきです
08:54
as this libertarian tells us,
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彼が言うように
08:56
between these two creative cultures,
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商業文化と共有文化という
08:59
a commercial and a sharing culture.
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2つの創造的文化においてね
09:02
The point is they, he, here,
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彼が手にしているのが
09:04
gets that culture.
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その文化です
09:06
Now, my concern is, we Dems,
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いっぽうで民主主義者は
09:09
too often, not so much.
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創造的文化と縁が薄い
09:12
All right, take for example this great company.
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この有名な会社は
09:16
In the good old days when this Republican ran that company,
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共和党支持者が始めました
09:19
their greatest work was work that built on the past, right.
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よい作品は過去のものです
09:22
All of the great Disney works
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全てのディズニー作品は
09:25
were works that took works that
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著作権フリーの作品や
09:27
were in the public domain and remixed them,
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フリーになるのを待って
09:29
or waited until they entered the public domain to remix them,
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リミックスして作ったので
09:32
to celebrate this add-on remix creativity.
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見事に創造性が発揮されました
09:35
Indeed, Mickey Mouse himself, of course,
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実際にミッキーマウス
09:38
as "Steamboat Willie,"
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"スチームボート・ウィリー"も
09:40
is a remix of the then, very dominant,
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バスター・キートンによって
09:43
very popular "Steamboat Bill"
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"スチームボート・ビル"にされ
09:45
by Buster Keaton.
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世界中で有名になった
09:47
This man was a remixer extraordinaire.
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彼のリミックスの才能は
09:50
He is the celebration and ideal
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この種の文化には
09:52
of exactly this kind of creativity.
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賞賛されるべきものです
09:55
But then the company passes
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しかしディズニーは
09:57
through this dark stage
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裏からこっそりと
10:00
to this Democrat.
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民主党に近づいた
10:02
Wildly different.
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やり方が違います
10:04
This is the mastermind behind
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この首謀者が
10:06
the eventual passage of what we call
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可決させたのが
10:08
the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act,
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著作権期間延長法です
10:11
extending the term of existing copyrights
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現存する著作権の期間が
10:13
by 20 years,
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さらに20年延長されました
10:15
so that no one could do to Disney
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もうディズニーが
10:17
what Disney did to the Brothers Grimm.
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グリムにしたことはできません
10:20
Now, when we tried to challenge this,
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私達はこれに抗議し
10:22
going to the Supreme Court, getting the Supreme Court, the bunch of conservatives there --
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保守派の巣窟の最高裁に行き
10:25
if we could get them to wake up to this -- to strike it down,
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法案を阻止しようとしました
10:28
we had the assistance of Nobel Prize winners
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私達が協力を得た人々には
10:31
including this right-wing
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ノーベル賞受賞者で右派の
10:34
Nobel Prize winner, Milton Friedman,
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ミルトン・フリードマンがいます
10:36
who said he would join our brief
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”考える余地のない”訴訟だけ
10:38
only if the word "no brainer"
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参加すると
10:40
was in the brief somewhere.
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報告書にありました
10:42
(Laughter)
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(笑)
10:44
But apparently, no brains
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民主党が法案を
10:46
existed in this place
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通過させたときは
10:48
when Democrats passed and signed
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"考えなし"に
10:50
this bill into law.
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署名しました
10:52
Now, tiny little quibble of a footnote:
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補足しておきますが
10:54
Sonny Bono, you might say, was a Republican,
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ソニー・ボノは共和党員だと
10:57
but I don't buy it.
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言うかもしれません
10:59
This guy is no Republican.
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この男は違います
11:02
Okay, for a second example,
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次の例です
11:04
think about this cultural hero,
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このヒーローは
11:06
icon on the Left,
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有名な左派で
11:09
creator of this character.
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これの創造者です
11:11
Look at the site that he built: "Star Wars" MashUps,
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ルーカスはサイトで
11:13
inviting people to come and use their creative energy
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新しい世代を発掘するため
11:16
to produce a new generation of attention
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"スター・ウォーズ"の
11:18
towards this extraordinarily important cultural icon.
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マッシュアップを募集している
11:21
Read the license.
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許諾を読むと
11:23
The license for these remixers
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『リミックス作品は
11:25
assigns all of the rights
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ジョージ・ルーカスに
11:27
to the remix back to Lucas.
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全て帰属する』とあります
11:29
The mashup is owned by Lucas.
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作品はルーカスの物なのです
11:32
Indeed, anything you add to the mashup,
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マッシュアップで
11:34
music you might add,
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加わる音楽も全て
11:36
Lucas has a worldwide perpetual right
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権利者のルーカスが
11:38
to exploit that for free.
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タダで利用できます
11:40
There is no creator here to be recognized.
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クリエーターは知らずに
11:43
The creator doesn't have any rights.
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権利を奪われるのです
11:45
The creator is a sharecropper in this story.
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クリエーターは小作人です
11:48
And we should remember
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思い出してください
11:50
who employed the sharecroppers:
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小作人の雇い主は
11:52
the Democrats, right?
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民主党員でしたね
11:54
So the point is the Republicans here
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この点では共和党員は
11:57
recognize that there's a certain need
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所有権の必要性を
11:59
of ownership,
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理解していました
12:01
a respect for ownership,
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所有権を尊重し
12:03
the respect we should give the creator,
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クリエーターや
12:05
the remixer, the owner, the property owner,
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著作権を有する者に対して
12:08
the copyright owner
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敬意を払います
12:10
of this extraordinarily powerful stuff,
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この力強い作品の所有者は
12:13
and not a generation of sharecroppers.
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小作人の世代ではないのです
12:19
Now, I think there are lessons we should learn here,
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ここで学ぶべきことは
12:22
lessons about openness.
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寛容についてです
12:24
Our lives are sharing activities,
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私達の生活は分かち合いです
12:27
at least in part.
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少なくとも部分的には
12:29
Even for the head of Goldman Sachs,
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ゴールドマン・サックス社長も
12:31
at least in part.
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少なくとも部分的には
12:34
And for that sharing activity to happen, we have to have
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そして分け合うためには
12:36
well-protected spaces of fair use.
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フェアユースの保護が
12:39
That's number one. Number two:
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第一条件です
12:41
This ecology of sharing
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第二の条件として
12:43
needs freedom
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創造するための
12:45
within which to create.
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自由な利用権が必要です
12:48
Freedom, which means without permission from anyone,
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誰の許諾も必要とせず
12:51
the ability to create.
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創造できることです
12:53
And number three: We need to
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そして第三に
12:55
respect the creator,
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クリエイターを尊重し
12:57
the creator of these remixes
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リミックス者が直接
12:59
through rights that are
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利益を得る権利を
13:01
directly tied to them.
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与えることです
13:05
Now, this explains the right-wing nonprofit
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つまりこれが右派で非営利の
13:08
Creative Commons.
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クリエイティブ・コモンズです
13:10
Actually, it's not a right-wing nonprofit,
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実際は違いますが
13:12
but of course -- let me just tie it here --
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結びつけてください
13:14
the Creative Commons, which is
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クリエイティブ・コモンズは
13:16
offering authors this simple way to mark their content
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作品にマークをつけることで
13:19
with the freedoms
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自由に使える範囲が
13:21
they intended to carry.
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分かる仕組みです
13:23
So that we go from a "all rights reserved" world
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”著作権保持”から
13:25
to a "some rights reserved" world
298
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”ある権利は保有する”時代です
13:28
so that people can know the freedoms they have attached to the content,
299
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作品の利用許諾範囲が分かれば
13:31
building and creating
300
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著作権がある作品を
13:33
on the basis of this
301
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基礎にして
13:35
creative copyrighted work.
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製作できます
13:37
These tools that we built
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このツールで
13:39
enable this sharing in parts
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許諾を明確にして
13:42
through licenses that make it clear
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分かち合いができ
13:44
and a freedom to create
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既に与えられた
13:46
without requiring permission first
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許諾によって
13:48
because the permission has already been granted
308
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自由に創作できます
13:50
and a respect for the creator because it builds upon
309
815000
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また作者の権利が尊重され
13:53
a copyright the creator
310
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許諾不要の著作権を
13:55
has licensed freely.
311
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設定できます
13:57
And it explains the vast right-wing conspiracy
312
822000
3000
右派の広範な企てによって
14:00
that's obviously developed around these licenses,
313
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こうした許諾が浸透し
14:03
as now more than 350 million digital objects
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クリエイティブ・コモンズ該当の
14:06
are out there, licensed freely
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デジタル作品の数は
14:08
in this way.
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3.5億個もあります
14:10
Now that picture of an ecology of creativity,
317
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さてこのイメージ図は
14:13
the picture of an ecology
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バランスのとれた創造が
14:15
of balanced creativity,
319
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できる環境です
14:17
is that the ecology of creativity we have right now?
320
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現在はそのような環境か？
14:20
Well, as you all know,
321
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みなさんご存知のように
14:23
not many of us believe we do.
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そうではありません
14:25
I tripped on the reality of this ecology of creativity
323
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現実の環境に目を向け
14:28
just last week.
324
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つい先週
14:30
I created a video which was based
325
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ビデオを作りました
14:32
on a Wireside Chat that I'd given,
326
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Wiresideチャットでね
14:34
and I uploaded it to YouTube.
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YouTubeへアップしたら
14:37
I then got this email from YouTube
328
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メールが届きました
14:39
weirdly notifying me
329
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その警告によれば
14:41
that there was content in that
330
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『Warner Music Groupの
14:43
owned by the mysterious WMG
331
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3000
所有する内容が含まれていて
14:46
that matched their content ID.
332
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作品IDと一致した』そうです
14:48
So I didn't think much about it.
333
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深く考えてなかったんですが
14:50
And then on Twitter, somebody said to me,
334
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Twitterで誰かが
14:52
"Your talk on YouTube was DMCA'd. Was that your purpose?"
335
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3000
"著作権違反は故意か"と書き
14:55
imagining that I had this deep conspiracy
336
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著作権法の欠点を明らかにする
14:57
to reveal the obvious flaws in the DMCA.
337
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深い陰謀の存在を感じました
15:00
I answered, "No." I didn't even think about it.
338
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”いいえ”と答えましたが
15:02
But then I went to the site
339
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3000
後で私のサイトを見ると
15:05
and all of the audio in my site had been silenced.
340
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3000
音声が全て消えていました
15:09
My whole 45-minute video
341
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45分間のビデオが
15:11
had been silenced
342
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無音になっていた
15:13
because there were snippets in that video,
343
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2000
音声の断片をつないだ
15:15
a video about fair use,
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3000
フェアユースのビデオで
15:18
that included Warner Music Group music.
345
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3000
Warner の音楽も入っていました
15:21
Now, interestingly,
346
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興味深いことに
15:23
they still sold ads for that music,
347
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その無音ビデオには
15:25
if you played the silent video.
348
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音楽広告が出てきて
15:27
You could still buy the music,
349
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音楽を買えるのです
15:29
but you couldn't hear anything
350
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2000
全体に無音声で
15:31
because it had been silenced.
351
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2000
何も聞こえないのに
15:33
So I did what the current regime
352
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現行の制度で
15:35
says I must do
353
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2000
YouTubeの利用を
15:37
to be free to use
354
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自由にしようと
15:39
YouTube to talk about fair use.
355
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3000
フェアユースを教えました
15:42
I went to this site, and I had to answer these questions.
356
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3000
このサイトで答えた質問は
15:45
And then in an extraordinarily
357
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2000
異常なほどに
15:47
Bart Simpson-like, juvenile way
358
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3000
子供じみたもので
15:50
you've actually got to type out these words
359
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3000
これらの言葉を正しく
15:53
and get them right
360
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2000
全部入力して
15:55
to reassert your freedom to speak.
361
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2000
言論の自由を主張する
15:57
And I felt like I was in third grade again.
362
942000
3000
まるで小学3年生が
16:00
"I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair.
363
945000
3000
教師のイスに画鋲なんて
16:03
I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair."
364
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3000
置いていませんと繰り返すよう
16:07
This is absurd.
365
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こんなのバカらしい
16:09
It is outrageous.
366
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2000
理不尽です
16:11
It is an extraordinary perversion of the system of freedom
367
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2000
自由制度の乱用には
16:13
we should be encouraging.
368
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2000
勇気を持ちましょう
16:15
And the question I ask you is: Who's fighting it?
369
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実際に闘っている人は？
16:17
Well, interestingly, in the last presidential election,
370
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3000
前回の大統領選で
16:20
who was the number one, active
371
965000
2000
オンライン演説で
16:22
opponent of this system of regulation
372
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3000
規制システムへの対抗に
16:25
in online speech?
373
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2000
熱心だったのは
16:27
John McCain.
374
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2000
ジョン・マケインです
16:29
Letter after letter attacking YouTube's refusal
375
974000
3000
YouTubeの警告と削除に対して
16:32
to be more respectful of fair use
376
977000
3000
フェアユースに敬意を払えと
16:35
with their extraordinary notice and take down system,
377
980000
2000
たくさん手紙を書いたのです
16:37
that led his campaign so many times
378
982000
2000
彼のキャンペーンは
16:39
to be thrown off the Internet.
379
984000
3000
ネットを越えて広がりました
16:42
Now, that was the story of me then,
380
987000
3000
私の話に戻りましょう
16:45
my good old days of right-wing lunacy.
381
990000
3000
愚かな右派だった子供の頃
16:48
Let me come back to now,
382
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2000
現在はどうか
16:50
now when I'm a little leftist --
383
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2000
やや左寄りです
16:52
I'm certainly left-handed, so at least a lefty --
384
997000
3000
まちがいなく左利きですよ
16:55
And I wonder, can we on the Left
385
1000000
3000
では左派の人々が
16:58
expect to build this
386
1003000
3000
自由な使用権の環境を
17:01
ecology of freedom, now,
387
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2000
築くでしょうか
17:03
in a world where
388
1008000
3000
この世界には
17:06
we know the extraordinarily powerful
389
1011000
2000
自由な使用に反対する
17:08
influences against it,
390
1013000
2000
巨大な勢力があり
17:10
where even icons of the Left like this
391
1015000
3000
このような左派の有名人が
17:13
entertain and push bills
392
1018000
3000
法律を押し付けて
17:16
that would effectively ban the requirement
393
1021000
3000
政府の調査の開示要求を
17:19
of open access for government-funded research?
394
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3000
効果的に禁じてしまうのです
17:23
The president, who has supported
395
1028000
3000
大統領が支持しているのは
17:26
a process that secretly negotiates agreements,
396
1031000
3000
ミレニアム著作権法という
17:29
which effectively lock us into the insane system
397
1034000
3000
おかしな法律で国民を
17:32
of DMCA
398
1037000
2000
規制することです
17:34
that we have adopted
399
1039000
2000
この適用で私達は
17:36
and likely lock us down a path of three strikes, you're out
400
1041000
3000
アウトも同然なのですが
17:39
that, of course, the rest of the world are increasingly adopting.
401
1044000
3000
他の国でも適用が進んでいます
17:42
Not a single example of reform
402
1047000
3000
まだ一つの改正例も
17:45
has been produced yet.
403
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3000
出されていないのです
17:49
And we're not going to see this change
404
1054000
2000
この社会体制では
17:51
in this system
405
1056000
2000
近いうちには
17:53
anytime soon.
406
1058000
2000
変化はない
17:55
So here's the lessons of openness
407
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3000
だから寛容さというものを
17:58
that I think we need to learn.
408
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3000
私達は学ぶべきなのです
18:01
Openness is a commitment
409
1066000
2000
別の価値観に
18:03
to a certain set of values.
410
1068000
2000
耳を傾けるのです
18:05
We need to speak of those values.
411
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2000
話し合いが必要です
18:07
The value of freedom. It's a value of community.
412
1072000
3000
自由利用権という価値は
18:10
It's a value of the limits in regulation.
413
1075000
2000
規制を制限し
18:12
It's a value respecting the creator.
414
1077000
3000
クリエイターを尊重します
18:16
Now, if we can learn those values
415
1081000
2000
右派からの影響で
18:18
from at least some influences on the Right,
416
1083000
2000
こうした価値を学ぶか
18:20
if we can take them and incorporate them,
417
1085000
2000
自ら具体化すれば
18:22
maybe we could do a little trade.
418
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2000
少しは改善されます
18:24
We learn those values on the Left,
419
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3000
左派から学ぶ価値観は
18:27
and maybe they'll do health care
420
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2000
保健医療の実施や
18:29
or global warming legislation or something in the Right.
421
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2000
温暖化規制法ですか
18:31
Anyway, please join me
422
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2000
私の仲間に加わって
18:33
in teaching these values.
423
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2000
これを教えましょう
18:35
Thank you very much.
424
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2000
ありがとうございました
18:37
(Applause)
425
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(拍手)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lawrence Lessig - Legal activistLawrence Lessig has already transformed intellectual-property law with his Creative Commons innovation. Now he's focused on an even bigger problem: The US' broken political system.
Why you should listen
Lawyer and activist Lawrence Lessig spent a decade arguing for sensible intellectual property law, updated for the digital age. He was a founding board member of Creative Commons, an organization that builds better copyright practices through principles established first by the open-source software community.
In 2007, just after his last TED Talk, Lessig announced he was leaving the field of IP and Internet policy, and moving on to a more fundamental problem that blocks all types of sensible policy -- the corrupting influence of money in American politics.
In 2011, Lessig founded Rootstrikers, an organization dedicated to changing the influence of money in Congress. In his latest book, Republic, Lost, he shows just how far the U.S. has spun off course -- and how citizens can regain control. As The New York Times wrote about him, “Mr. Lessig’s vision is at once profoundly pessimistic -- the integrity of the nation is collapsing under the best of intentions --and deeply optimistic. Simple legislative surgery, he says, can put the nation back on the path to greatness.”
Read an excerpt of Lessig's new book, Lesterland >>
Lawrence Lessig | Speaker | TED.com