Angel Hsu: How China is (and isn't) fighting pollution and climate change
엔젤 수(Angel Hsu): 환경 오염과 기후 변화에 대처하는, 혹은 대처하지 않는 중국
Angel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
믿기지 않은 적 있으신가요?
sent me this photo from Ürümqi,
제 친구가 이 사진을 보냈는데요.
province in northwest China.
신장 자치구의 수도입니다.
she couldn't believe her eyes.
장면이 펼쳐졌다고 했죠.
using this app on her iPad,
바깥 공기의 질을 측정해 봤더니
the air quality was good,
she saw something much different.
in the background.
not telling the truth
failing to measure PM2.5,
측정하지 못하기 때문입니다.
went off the charts in 2012,
엄청나게 높았을 때
once described it in a tweet,
"미친 수준"이라고 할 정도였지만
소셜 미디어를 통해
그들이 직접 보고 숨쉬는 것 사이에
that they were seeing this disconnect
and breathing for themselves.
of sorts in China,
to tackle its pollution problems.
강구하도록 했죠.
to become a global environmental leader.
선도할 기회입니다.
that I'll paint for you today
that are very promising,
that are more troubling
to the story at hand.
먼저 얘기해 보죠.
of China's green evolution
제가 처음 본 건
conducting fieldwork in China in 2011.
박사 과정을 밟고 있을 때였어요.
seeking answers to the question
질문에 대한 답을 찾고 있었습니다.
from the skeptical outsider:
something on the environment?
was considered too politically sensitive
정치적으로 너무 민감해서
was keeping it secret,
of its harmful human health effects,
인체에 해롭다는 걸 알게 되었고
greater transparency
정부에 요구하기 시작했죠.
growing evolution and awareness myself
인식의 변화를 실감할 수 있었습니다.
started to market these air purifiers
공기청정기를 팔기 시작했고
as the title of musical festivals.
PM2.5로 짓기도 했으니까요.
in Shenzhen, which is in southern China,
골프장에 갔을 땐
they're advertising a retreat from PM2.5.
선전하는 현수막도 있었죠.
breathe sub-par air.
Environmental Protection Bureau
named after the air quality index
보다 쉽게 전달하기 위해
the air quality data to its people.
마스코트를 만들기로 했어요.
depending on the quality of air outside.
the mostly smiling face
대부분 미소를 짓고 있습니다.
called "Under the Dome."
다큐멘터리를 제작합니다.
to Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring."
연상되는 작품이죠.
that pesticides were harming human health,
널리 알렸던 것 처럼
into the popular consciousness
to one million premature deaths
사실을 알리며
조회수를 기록했지만
views in a single weekend
some type of social unrest,
about how it could tackle
environmental problems:
방법을 강구하게 만들었습니다.
electricity comes from coal.
than any other country in the world,
that China's government
to wage a war on coal,
of coal-fired power plants.
규모의 석탄 발전소 건립도 취소했죠.
enormous investments
and renewable energy,
of this transformation
to show you what I mean.
통계 자료를 좀 보여드릴게요.
when it comes to hydropower,
from hydropower alone.
공급할 수 있는 양이죠.
of the Three Gorges Dam,
power station in the world,
3분의 1을 차지하고 있어요.
leader by far.
China's also leading.
of solar power.
이미 달성했어요.
already revised upwards
상향 조정했는데도 말이죠.
a whopping 35 gigawatts of solar power.
태양광 발전 설비를 세우기도 했습니다.
of what the US has combined in total
in just seven months alone.
in solar power from space,
우주에서도 확인할 수 있습니다.
has done in this slide.
그 사실을 이미 확인해주었죠.
Germany's entire electricity consumption
전기 사용량을 넘어설 전망입니다.
largest carbon footprint.
중국에서 말이죠.
we can see that China's coal consumption
이미 정점을 찍은 걸 알 수 있어요.
as early as 2013.
why China's government announced
their 2020 carbon reduction pledge
계획보다 빨리 달성했기 때문입니다.
improvements in air quality
직접적인 효과가 있었습니다.
by as much as 30 percent.
is actually leading people
연장되기도 했습니다.
than they would have in 2013.
평균 2년 반이 더 늘었죠.
the cities that have experienced
개선된 도시들을 가리킵니다.
at the beginning of this talk,
the data are still being determined.
검증을 거쳐야 하기 때문이죠.
of pretty steady global carbon emissions,
큰 변동이 없었는데
may be on the rise again
in China's fossil fuel consumptions,
다시 증가했기 때문이죠.
that peak that I showed earlier.
정점을 찍지 않았을 수도 있네요.
and the data are still murky
여전히 확실한 건 아닙니다.
its coal statistics after the fact.
수정하기 때문이죠.
having a debate on Twitter
다른 기후 모형 제작자들과
whether China's carbon emissions
늘었는지, 줄었는지
they're staying relatively stable.
안정적인 수준인지 따지면서요.
a rapidly developing country.
급속도록 성장하고 있어요.
with a range of policies,
sustainable transport solution.
각광받고 있습니다.
of this bicycle graveyard
이런 사진들은
던지기도 합니다.
수요를 앞서기도 하잖아요.
coal is still king in China,
what China is doing on the environment?
왜 우리가 신경 써야 할까요?
on the environment
for the rest of us.
가지고 있기 때문입니다.
as far away as those in North America.
그 영향을 미치게 됩니다.
infrastructure, technology abroad.
해외로 수출하고 있어요.
the One Belt, One Road Initiative,
'일대일로 계획'을 발표합니다.
infrastructure investment project
참여하는 천조 원 규모의
these infrastructure investments abroad,
a Chinese civil society group,
than 240 coal-fired power plants
240개가 넘는 석탄 발전소에
One Road Initiative.
own domestic coal-fired capacity
China is cleaning up at home,
자기 집 청소를 열심히 해도
더럽히는 걸 막을 수 없습니다.
simply don't have a passport.
to evaluate this question
선도국의 위치에 있는지는
is actually leading,
very much an open debate.
and the outlook is not good.
전망이 그리 좋지 않거든요.
between current policies
오늘날의 정책들 간에 말이죠.
to avoid dangerous climate change.
from the US, for example.
announced its intent
탈퇴한다고 발표했으니까요.
the Paris Climate Agreement,
to fill that leadership void.
중국을 주목하고 있어요.
environmental future.
청정 에너지, 대기 오염 등에서
is not just good for the environment,
환경에만 좋은 것이 아니라
by reducing air pollution.
생명을 구할 수도 있다는 거죠.
for 30 percent of the global growth
전 세계적으로 30%나 증가했죠.
foggy air quality statistics
통계치 같은 그림이 아니라
of China's clean energy.
선명한 그림이었길 바랍니다.
is headed in the right direction,
a very long road ahead.
우린 알고 있죠.
Is seeing believing?
보이는 대로 믿을 수 있을까요?
자료와 통계치를 믿을 수 있을까요?
air quality is coming down
is actually having an effect?
보인다는 걸 믿으시나요?
at some of the latest satellite images
가장 최근의 위성사진을 한번 보시죠.
very closely at this image.
있을지도 모릅니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angel Hsu - Environmental data scientistAngel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues.
Why you should listen
Angel Hsu is a professor, researcher, writer and speaker who spends much of her time analyzing large datasets to develop policy solutions to the world's most pressing environmental problems, such as climate change and air pollution. As she writes: "I work between the push and pull of data science and public policy, and this passion drives me to explore how new technologies, analytical techniques and communication strategies can improve governance and lead to better environmental outcomes in rapidly developing countries like China."
Hsu is jointly appointed at Yale-NUS in Singapore at Yale's School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. She founded and directed Data-Driven Yale, an international team of interdisciplinary researchers, scientists, programmers and visual designers. Under her direction, Data-Driven Yale works collaboratively with scholars and practitioners around the world to collect, transform and communicate information, creating new knowledge and policy tools designed to make the world greener and healthier. Her work has been published in scientific journals like Nature and Nature Climate Change and featured in media like The Economist and the New York Times.
Angel Hsu | Speaker | TED.com