Frans de Waal: The surprising science of alpha males
Frans de Waal: Zaskakujące strategie samców alfa
Frans de Waal studies primate social behavior -- how they fight and reconcile, share and cooperate. Full bio
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many alpha males in my life,
about what an alpha male is,
a lot from our close relatives
Amos, a male that I knew
dobrze znany mi Amos,
and he was alpha male,
you know, chimpanzee males
if you are weak
and then he got sicker and sicker
że musieliśmy go odizolować.
so that the rest of the chimps
to sleep in and build nests out of,
the wood wool behind his back.
to patients in a hospital,
chorym w szpitalu,
that stuff behind his back.
to go for an alpha male.
and everyone was taking care of him,
więc każdy o niego dbał.
when they lose their position.
źle reagują na stratę pozycji.
of a male who was liked as a leader,
lubianego przez grupę.
if you look it up on the internet,
frazę: "samiec alfa"
that tell you how to be an alpha male,
jak wygryźć innych w drodze na szczyt
is how to beat up others
and let them know that you are boss
for them is a bully.
that kind of description,
bo częściowo odpowiadam
for the term "alpha male"
"Chimpanzee Politics",
"Chimpanzee Politics,"
to freshmen congressmen.
Newta Gingricha nowym kongresmenom.
but he recommended that book to them,
"alpha male" became very popular.
in a mischaracterization.
to what a real alpha male is.
actually much further.
research on wolves,
is very simple.
is the alpha male.
is the alpha female.
has one alpha male, one alpha female,
jest jeden samiec i jedna samica alfa.
who are the same size,
trzyma w ręku kamień.
has his hair up,
and he's the alpha male.
jakby się kłaniał.
and bowing for him,
kilka razy w ciągu dnia.
to go through many times a day
is a female pant-grunting to an alpha male
zbliżającym się samcem.
this particular video.
and standing on two legs,
i staje na dwóch nogach,
in high-ranking males,
because humans do this kind of stuff.
about this particular picture
who are over the hill,
nie może być osobnikiem alfa,
themselves anymore,
and forming coalitions,
i można odnieść wrażenie,
than the alpha male himself.
that I used to work with most
is a 17-year-old alpha male.
on the side is twice as old,
has an enormous amount of power,
ma władzę nad innymi.
the alpha male alpha male.
has no trouble with either one.
with the combination of the two.
kiedy działają wspólnie.
that goes on in chimpanzee society
can be the alpha male.
w grupie może być przywódcą.
the biggest and strongest male.
the right friends and keeps them happy,
dobre stosunki z innymi
makes everything complex,
the end of the primaries,
where you need to demonstrate unity.
kiedy pokazujesz koalicję.
how the unity is shown in chimpanzees.
jak ją okazują szympansy.
canine teeth that they have.
demonstrate to the rest of the group,
are walking together in synchrony.
poruszają się synchronicznie.
that you are together.
is extremely important
w systemie koalicyjnym.
always I'm waiting for that moment
two members of the same party
muszą stanąć ramię w ramię.
together at some moment.
need to embrace each other
muszą podać sobie dłonie
for the unity of the party,
dla zachowania spójności partii.
the party may fall apart.
partia może się rozpaść.
like in this particular case --
of the coalition system,
between humans and chimpanzees.
impressive and intimidating
of ways of doing that.
is you need to be generous.
o wspaniałomyślności.
males who go on a campaign
all the coalitions in the group,
jedzeniem ze stadem
the babies of the females.
not particularly interested in infants,
nie są zainteresowane dziećmi,
and they tickle them,
with the females.
by these men who are candidates
dzieci w górze - jak tutaj.
jest to lubiane przez dzieci.
something that babies like --
to the rest of the world,
in the last election,
was more like this,
didn't need to send the message
without dropping it,
currying favor with all sorts of parties
can go a week without food
and they're sexually interested in her.
i są nią zainteresowane.
w stosunku do seksu.
oczywiście mają wytłumaczenie.
we have an explanation for this,
is the measure of evolution.
their reproductive success
sukces reprodukcji
to be high ranking in the males.
with the support of an old male,
pomógł stary samiec,
mate with females.
that old male is going to get mad at you,
you need to keep your partners happy.
everyone wants your position.
is a very important position,
have to watch your back.
disrupt the coalitions of others
chimpanzees do quite a bit.
and we actually have data on this.
i mamy na to dowód.
on the baboons
for glucocorticoids.
the male baboon is,
ma taki sam poziom kortyzolu,
as the lowest-ranking males,
is nice and dandy and is wonderful,
to coś wspaniałego,
a very stressful position,
that physiologically.
it gets really interesting,
from your typical image of the alpha male.
obrazem samca alfa.
has two sorts of obligations.
jest bardziej empatyczne,
of the nation, so to speak.
between two females.
at each other over food,
important for the females,
and stands between them like this.
jak widać na zdjęciu.
that alpha males, when they do this,
or their best buddy.
czy najlepszego znajomego.
for the underdog in general.
extremely popular in the group,
members of the group.
for a chimpanzee to be in,
very fond of their friends and so on,
who are good at this,
at keeping the peace in the group.
is they show empathy for others.
jest okazywanie empatii innym.
of research on empathy,
that we study in rodents and dogs
her arms around her and consoles her.
empathy in young children,
empatię małych dzieci,
to distressed individuals.
jak reagują na krzywdę innych.
they do a lot of this.
często tak reagują,
amount of comfort in the group,
where there are earthquakes
trzęsieniami ziemi
The presidents do this.
have to do this job.
and that's a very important task.
some self-interest involved in it.
a male becomes as alpha male
stanie się popularny
respects them and looks up to them,
będzie ugruntowana
challenged by somebody else,
is going to support that male
będą wspierać tego samca,
a leader who is good for them.
of males who are good leaders,
in a very bad situation there.
on the consolation behavior.
in chimpanzees,
and low-ranking individuals,
postawionych osobników,
więcej współczucia niż samce.
the mammal studies on empathy
have more of it than males.
far more than anybody else.
being the consoler in chief, basically.
współczującą jednostką w stadzie.
is something about alpha females.
the alpha female in the Arnhem zoo
samicę alfa z zoo w Arnhem,
w internecie.
clicks at the moment,
centrum of the group.
of dominating the males.
zdominować samców.
but she was the center of the community,
jednak była centrum społeczeństwa.
in the community,
the position of alpha females
that is equally close to us
blisko spokrewniony z nami,
but the bonobos have a matriarchal society
a osobnikiem dominującym
is a female, generally.
who is at the top of the community,
jak to się dzieje, że są na tej pozycji,
about how this is done
and what they do with it,
about bonobos in general.
doesn't need to be a male,
nie musi być samiec,
of our close relatives, it is a female.
z nami są to samice.
at men in our society
or Washington or whatever,
Waszyngtonu, obojętne czego,
and intimidates and insults everyone
budzi strach i obraża innych
bogaty wachlarz umiejętności.
alpha males in chimpanzees,
wśród szympansów.
than you may think.
której mogliście się nie spodziewać.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Frans de Waal - PrimatologistFrans de Waal studies primate social behavior -- how they fight and reconcile, share and cooperate.
Why you should listen
Dutch/American biologist and ethologist Frans de Waal draws parallels between primate and human behavior, from peacemaking and morality to culture. Looking at human society through the lens of animal behavior, de Waal's first book, Chimpanzee Politics (1982), compares the schmoozing and scheming of chimpanzees involved in power struggles with that of human politicians. Named one of the 100 Most Influential People Today by Time Magazine, de Waal has written hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific articles, and his popular books have been translated in over 20 languages. He is a professor in Emory University's psychology department and Director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, in Atlanta. His next book is on animal and human emotions, entitled Mama's Last Hug (Norton, 2019).
Frans de Waal | Speaker | TED.com