TED2011
Wael Ghonim: Inside the Egyptian revolution
Wael Ghonim: Vnútri Egyptskej revolúcie
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Wael Ghonim, manažér Google, pomohol odštartovať Egyptskú revolúciu... stránkou na Facebooku na pamiatku obete vládnych násilností. Na TEDx v Káhire približuje príbeh posledných dvoch mesiacov, kedy každým dňom Egypťania ukázali, že "moc ľudu je silnejšia ako ľudia pri moci".
Wael Ghonim - Internet activist and computer engineer
Wael Ghonim believes that the Internet can be the most powerful platform for connecting humanity, if we can bring civility and thoughtful conversations back to it. Full bio
Wael Ghonim believes that the Internet can be the most powerful platform for connecting humanity, if we can bring civility and thoughtful conversations back to it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
This is Revolution 2.0.
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Toto je revolúcia 2.0.
00:18
No one was a hero. No one was a hero.
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Nikto nebol hrdinom. Nikto.
00:21
Because everyone was a hero.
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Pretože každý bol hrdinom.
00:25
Everyone has done something.
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Každý niečo spravil.
00:28
We all use Wikipedia.
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Všetci používame Wikipédiu.
00:30
If you think of the concept of Wikipedia
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Ak sa zamyslíte nad konceptom Wikipédie,
00:32
where everyone is collaborating on content,
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každý spolupracuje a prispieva k obsahu.
00:35
and at the end of the day
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A napokon
00:37
you've built the largest encyclopedia in the world.
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poskladáte najväčšiu encyklopédiu na svete.
00:41
From just an idea that sounded crazy,
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Z myšlienky, ktorá znela šialene,
00:43
you have the largest encyclopedia in the world.
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máte najväčšiu encyklopédiu na svete.
00:46
And in the Egyptian revolution,
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A v Egyptskej revolúcii,
00:48
the Revolution 2.0,
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revolúcii 2.0,
00:50
everyone has contributed something,
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každý niečím prispel --
00:52
small or big. They contributed something --
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v malom alebo vo veľkom, každý prispel --
00:55
to bring us
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aby nám priniesol
00:57
one of the most inspiring stories
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jeden z najinšpirujúcejších príbehov
01:00
in the history of mankind
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v histórii ľudstva
01:02
when it comes to revolutions.
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čo sa týka revolúcií.
01:04
It was actually really inspiring
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Bolo to skutočne veľmi inšpirujúce
01:06
to see all these Egyptians completely changing.
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vidieť tých všetkých Egypťanov sa úplne meniť.
01:09
If you look at the scene,
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Ak sa pozriete na to miesto, kde sa to celé odohralo,
01:11
Egypt, for 30 years, had been in a downhill --
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Egypt bol 30 rokov v úpadku,
01:14
going into a downhill.
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šiel dole.
01:16
Everything was going bad.
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Všetko bolo zlé.
01:18
Everything was going wrong.
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Všetko šlo nesprávym smerom.
01:21
We only ranked high when it comes to poverty,
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V rebríčkoch sme boli vysoko, len keď sa týkali chudoby,
01:24
corruption,
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korupcie,
01:26
lack of freedom of speech,
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nedostatku slobody prejavu,
01:28
lack of political activism.
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nedostatku politického aktivizmu.
01:30
Those were the achievements
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To boli plody
01:32
of our great regime.
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nášho "úžasného" režimu.
01:36
Yet, nothing was happening.
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A napriek tomu sa nič nedialo.
01:38
And it's not because people were happy
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A nie preto, že by ľudia boli šťastní
01:40
or people were not frustrated.
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alebo neboli frustrovaní.
01:43
In fact, people were extremely frustrated.
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V skutočnosti, ľudia boli až príliš frustrovaní.
01:45
But the reason why everyone was silent
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Ale príčina, prečo bol každý ticho
01:48
is what I call the psychological barrier of fear.
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je tá, ktorú volám "psychologická bariéra strachu".
01:52
Everyone was scared.
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Každý sa bál.
01:54
Not everyone. There were actually a few brave Egyptians
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Vlastne nie každý. Našlo sa zopár odvážnych Egypťanov,
01:56
that I have to thank for being so brave --
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ktorým musím poďakovať za ich odvahu --
01:59
going into protests as a couple of hundred,
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keď niekoľko stoviek z nich protestovalo,
02:02
getting beaten up and arrested.
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a boli zbití a zatknutí.
02:05
But in fact, the majority were scared.
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Ale v skutočnosti, väčšina sa bála.
02:08
Everyone did not want really
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Nikto sa nechcel
02:10
to get in trouble.
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dostať do problému.
02:12
A dictator cannot live without the force.
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Diktátor nemôže žiť bez sily.
02:15
They want to make people live in fear.
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Chcú, aby ľudia žili v strachu.
02:18
And that psychological barrier of fear
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A tá psychologická bariéra strachu
02:21
had worked for so many years,
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fungovali dlhé roky,
02:24
and here comes the Internet,
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až prišiel Internet,
02:26
technology, BlackBerry, SMS.
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technológia, BlackBerry, SMS.
02:29
It's helping all of us to connect.
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Všetkým nám to pomáha spojiť sa.
02:32
Platforms like YouTube, Twitter, Facebook
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Platformy ako YouTube, Twitter, Facebook
02:36
were helping us a lot
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nám veľmi pomohli,
02:38
because it basically gave us the impression that, "Wow, I'm not alone.
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pretože v nás v podstate vytvorili dojem typu, "Wow, nie som sám.
02:41
There are a lot of people who are frustrated."
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Je množstvo ľudí, ktorí sú frustrovaní.
02:43
There are lots of people who are frustrated.
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Je veľa tých, ktorí sú frustrovaní.
02:45
There are lots of people who actually share the same dream.
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Je množstvo ľudí, ktorí majú rovnaký sen
02:48
There are lots of people who care about their freedom.
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Je mnoho ľudí, ktorým záleží na ich slobode.
02:51
They probably have the best life in the world.
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Pravdepodobne majú najlepší život na svete.
02:53
They are living in happiness. They are living in their villas.
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Žijú v šťastí. Žijú vo svojich vilách.
02:56
They are happy. They don't have problems.
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Sú šťastní, nemajú problémy.
02:58
But they are still feeling the pain of the Egyptian.
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Ale stále cítia bolesť Egypťanov.
03:02
A lot of us, we're not really happy
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Väčšina z nás sa necíti šťastne,
03:04
when we see a video of an Egyptian man
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keď vidí video Egypťana,
03:06
who's eating the trash
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ktorý sa živí odpadkami,
03:08
while others are stealing
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zatiaľ čo ostatní kradnú
03:10
billions of Egyptian pounds
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miliardy Egyptských libier
03:12
from the wealth of the country.
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z bohatstva krajiny.
03:14
The Internet has played a great role,
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Internet zohral obrovskú úlohu,
03:16
helping these people to speak up their minds,
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pomáhal týmto ľuďom vysloviť to, čo majú na srdci,
03:19
to collaborate together, to start thinking together.
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spolupracovať, začať rozmýšľať spoločne.
03:22
It was an educational campaign.
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Bola to vzdelávacia kampaň.
03:25
Khaled Saeed was killed
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Khaled Saeed bol zavraždený
03:27
in June 2010.
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v júni 2010.
03:30
I still remember the photo.
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Stále si pamätám na fotku.
03:32
I still remember every single detail of that photo.
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Stále si pamätám každý detail tej fotky.
03:35
The photo was horrible.
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Bola hrozná.
03:38
He was tortured,
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Bol týraný,
03:40
brutally tortured to death.
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brutálne utýraný na smrť.
03:42
But then what was the answer of the regime?
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Ale aká bola odpoveď režimu?
03:45
"He choked on a pile of hash" --
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Zadusil sa hašišom.
03:48
that was their answer:
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To bola ich odpoveď:
03:50
"He's a criminal.
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On je kriminálnik.
03:52
He's someone who escaped from all these bad things."
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On je ten, kto ušiel pred tými zlými vecami."
03:54
But people did not relate to this.
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Ale ľudia sa s tým nestotožnili.
03:56
People did not believe this.
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Neverili tomu.
03:58
Because of the Internet, the truth prevailed
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Vďaka internetu, pravda vyhrala
04:01
and everyone knew the truth.
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a každý poznal pravdu.
04:03
And everyone started to think that "this guy could be my brother."
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A každý začal rozmýšľať nad tým, že "veď ten chlapík mohol byť môj brat."
04:06
He was a middle-class guy.
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Bol to chlap zo strednej vrstvy.
04:08
His photo was remembered by all of us.
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Všetci si pamätáme jeho fotku.
04:11
A page was created.
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Stránka bola vytvorená.
04:13
An anonymous administrator
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Anonymný administrátor
04:15
was basically inviting people to join the page,
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v podstate vyzýval ľudí, aby sa k stránke pripojili,
04:18
and there was no plan.
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a nebol tam žiadny plán.
04:20
"What are we going to do?" "I don't know."
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"Čo budeme robiť?" -- "Neviem".
04:22
In a few days, tens of thousands of people there --
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O pár dní, desiatky tisíc ľudí --
04:25
angry Egyptians
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nahnevaných Egypťanov
04:27
who were asking the ministry of interior affairs,
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žiadali Ministerstvo vnútra,
04:30
"Enough.
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"Dosť.
04:32
Get those who killed this guy.
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Chyťte tých, ktorí zabili toho chlapíka
04:35
To just bring them to justice."
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a priveďte ich pred spravodlivosť."
04:37
But of course, they don't listen.
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Ale samozrejme, oni nepočúvajú.
04:39
It was an amazing story --
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Bol to úžasný príbeh --
04:41
how everyone started feeling the ownership.
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ako každý začal pociťovať vlastníctvo.
04:44
Everyone was an owner in this page.
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Každý bol vlastníkom na tejto stránke.
04:46
People started contributing ideas.
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Ľudia začali písať svoje myšlienky.
04:48
In fact, one of the most ridiculous ideas
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V skutočnosti, jeden z najsmiešnejších nápadov
04:51
was, "Hey, let's have a silent stand.
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bol -- hej, spravme tichý protest.
04:53
Let's get people to go in the street,
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Dostaňme ľudí do ulíc,
04:56
face the sea, their back to the street,
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tak aby stáli čelom k moru, chrbátom k ulici,
04:59
dressed in black, standing up silently for one hour,
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oblečení v čiernom, aby stáli v tichosti jednu hodinu,
05:02
doing nothing and then just leaving,
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nerobili nič a potom len odišli,
05:04
going back home."
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späť domov.
05:06
For some people, that was like, "Wow, silent stand.
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Pre niektorých to bolo -- "Wow, tichý protest.
05:09
And next time it's going to be vibration."
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A nabudúce to bude vibrácia."
05:11
People were making fun of the idea.
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Ľudia sa na tej myšlienke zabávali.
05:14
But actually when people went to the street --
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Ale keď neskôr vyšli do ulíc --
05:16
the first time it was thousands of people
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po prvýkrát to boli tisíce ľudí
05:18
in Alexandria --
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v Alexandrii --
05:20
it felt like -- it was amazing. It was great
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bolo to -- bolo to úžasné. Bolo to super.
05:23
because it connected people from the virtual world,
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Pretože to spojilo ľudí z virtuálneho sveta,
05:25
bringing them to the real world,
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prenieslo ich to do sveta reálneho,
05:27
sharing the same dream,
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všetkých s tým istým snom,
05:30
the same frustration, the same anger,
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rovnakou frustráciou, rovnakým hnevom,
05:32
the same desire for freedom.
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rovnakou túžbou po slobode.
05:34
And they were doing this thing.
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A urobili to.
05:36
But did the regime learn anything? Not really.
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Ale vzal si z toho niečo režim? Ani nie.
05:38
They were actually attacking them.
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V skutočnosti ich napádali.
05:40
They were actually abusing them,
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Nadávali im,
05:42
despite the fact of how peaceful these guys were --
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napriek tomu, že tí ľudia boli veľmi mierumilovní --
05:44
they were not even protesting.
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dokonca ani neprotestovali.
05:46
And things had developed
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A veci sa rozbehli
05:49
until the Tunisian revolution.
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až k Tuniskej revolúcii.
05:52
This whole page was, again,
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Celá stránka bola, zasa,
05:54
managed by the people.
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spravovaná ľuďmi.
05:56
In fact, the anonymous admin job
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V skutočnosti práca anonymného admina
05:59
was to collect ideas,
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bola zozbierať myšlienky,
06:01
help people to vote on them
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pomôcť ľuďom o nich hlasovať
06:03
and actually tell them what they are doing.
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a vysvetliť im, čo vlastne robia.
06:05
People were taking shots and photos;
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Ľudia robili fotky,
06:07
people were reporting violations of human rights in Egypt;
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dokumentovali porušovanie ľudských práv v Egypte,
06:10
people were suggesting ideas,
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navrhovali riešenia,
06:12
they were actually voting on ideas,
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hlasovali za tie návrhy,
06:14
and then they were executing the ideas; people were creating videos.
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a potom vykonávali tie návrhy, tvorili videá.
06:17
Everything was done by the people to the people,
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Všetko robili ľudia pre ľudí,
06:19
and that's the power of the Internet.
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a to je sila Internetu.
06:21
There was no leader.
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Nebol tam žiadny vodca.
06:23
The leader was everyone on that page.
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Vodcom bol každý na tej stránke.
06:26
The Tunisian experiment, as Amir was saying,
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Tuniský experiment, ako Amir vravel,
06:28
inspired all of us, showed us that there is a way.
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nás všetkých inšpiroval, ukázal nám, že je tu cesta.
06:30
Yes we can. We can do it.
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Áno. Zvládneme to.
06:32
We have the same problems;
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Máme tie isté problémy,
06:34
we can just go in the streets.
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môžeme ísť do ulíc.
06:36
And when I saw the street on the 25th,
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A keď som videl ulicu 25. januára,
06:38
I went back and said,
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vrátil som sa a povedal,
06:40
"Egypt before the 25th
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"Egypt po 25-tom,
06:42
is never going to be Egypt after the 25th.
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už nikdy nebude ako Egypt pred 25-tym.
06:44
The revolution is happening.
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Revolúcia sa deje.
06:46
This is not the end,
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Toto nie je koniec,
06:48
this is the beginning of the end."
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toto je začiatok konca."
06:52
I was detained on the 27th night.
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Bol som zadržaný v noci 27-ho.
06:56
Thank God I announced the locations and everything.
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Vďaka bohu som oznámil polohu a všetko.
06:59
But they detained me.
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Ale zadržali ma.
07:01
And I'm not going to talk about my experience, because this is not about me.
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A nebudem rozprávať o mojej skúsenosti, pretože toto nie je o mne.
07:04
I was detained for 12 days,
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Bol som zadržaný na 12 dní,
07:06
blindfolded, handcuffed.
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so zaviazanými očami, spútaný.
07:09
And I did not really hear anything. I did not know anything.
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A nič som nepočul, nič som nevedel.
07:12
I was not allowed to speak with anyone.
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Nemal som dovolené s nikým sa rozprávať.
07:14
And I went out.
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A potom ma pustili.
07:16
The next day I was in Tahrir.
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Nasledujúci deň som bol na Tahrir Square.
07:18
Seriously, with the amount of change I had noticed in this square,
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Vážne, tá zmena, ktorú som si všimol na námestí,
07:21
I thought it was 12 years.
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akoby to bolo 12 rokov.
07:24
I never had in my mind
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Nikdy by mi nenapadlo,
07:26
to see this Egyptian,
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že uvidím takýto Egypt,
07:28
the amazing Egyptian.
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úžasný Egypt.
07:30
The fear is no longer fear.
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Strach už nie je strachom.
07:32
It's actually strength -- it's power.
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Je to v skutočnosti sila -- je to sila.
07:34
People were so empowered.
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Ľudia boli tak posilnení.
07:36
It was amazing how everyone was so empowered
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Bolo úžasné, akú silu každý získal,
07:38
and now asking for their rights.
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a ako sa teraz dožadovali svojich práv.
07:40
Completely opposite.
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Úplný opak.
07:42
Extremism became tolerance.
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Z extrémizmu sa stala tolerancia.
07:45
Who would [have] imagined before the 25th,
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Kto by si to bol predstavil pred 25-tym,
07:47
if I tell you that hundreds of thousands of Christians are going to pray
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ak by som vám povedal, že státisíce kresťanov sa budú modliť
07:50
and tens of thousands of Muslims are going to protect them,
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a desaťtisíce moslimov ich budú chrániť,
07:53
and then hundreds of thousands of Muslims are going to pray
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a potom sa státisíce moslimov pôjdu modliť
07:55
and tens of thousands of Christians are going to protect them --
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a desaťtisíce kresťanov ich budú chrániť --
07:57
this is amazing.
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to je úžasné.
07:59
All the stereotypes
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Všetky stereotypy,
08:01
that the regime was trying to put on us
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ktorý sa režim snažil na nás hodiť
08:04
through their so-called propaganda, or mainstream media,
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cez ich takzvanú propagandu, alebo hlavné média,
08:07
are proven wrong.
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sa ukázali ako nesprávne.
08:09
This whole revolution showed us
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Táto celá revolúcia nám ukázala
08:11
how ugly such a regime was
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ako škaredý tento režim bol
08:14
and how great and amazing
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a ako veľkí a úžasní
08:16
the Egyptian man, the Egyptian woman,
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sú egyptský muž, egyptská žena,
08:19
how simple and amazing these people are
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akí jednoduchí a skvelí títo ľudia sú,
08:21
whenever they have a dream.
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kedykoľvek majú sen.
08:23
When I saw that,
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Keď som to videl,
08:25
I went back and I wrote on Facebook.
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šiel som späť a napísal som na Facebook.
08:28
And that was a personal belief,
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A to bola moja osobná viera,
08:30
regardless of what's going on,
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odhliadnuc od toho čo sa deje,
08:32
regardless of the details.
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odhliadnuc od detailov,
08:34
I said that, "We are going to win.
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Povedal som, "Vyhráme.
08:36
We are going to win because we don't understand politics.
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Vyhráme, pretože nerozumieme tejto politike.
08:39
We're going to win because we don't play their dirty games.
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Vyhráme, pretože nehráme ich špinavé hry.
08:43
We're going to win because we don't have an agenda.
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Vyhráme, pretože nemáme agendu.
08:46
We're going to win because the tears that come from our eyes
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Vyhráme, pretože slzy, ktoré nám tečú z očí
08:49
actually come from our hearts.
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v skutočnosti tečú z našich sŕdc.
08:52
We're going to win because we have dreams.
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Vyhráme, pretože máme sny.
08:55
We're going to win because we are willing to stand up for our dreams."
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Vyhráme, pretože sme ochotní postaviť sa za svoje sny."
08:59
And that's actually what happened. We won.
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A to sa vlastne aj stalo. Vyhrali sme.
09:02
And that's not because of anything,
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A nie je to len tak,
09:04
but because we believed in our dream.
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ale kvôli tomu, že sme verili vo svoj sen.
09:06
The winning here is not
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Výhra nie je
09:08
the whole details of what's going to happen in the political scene.
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o detailoch, ktoré sa udejú na politickej scéne.
09:11
The winning is the winning of the dignity
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Výhra je výhrou dôstojnosti
09:13
of every single Egyptian.
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každého jedného Egypťana.
09:16
Actually, I had this taxi driver telling me,
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Vlastne, jeden taxikár mi vravel,
09:19
"Listen, I am breathing freedom.
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"Počuj, ja dýcham slobodu.
09:22
I feel that I have dignity
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Cítim, že mám dôstojnosť,
09:24
that I have lost for so many years."
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ktorú som stratil pred mnohými rokmi."
09:26
For me that's winning,
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Pre mňa je to výhra,
09:28
regardless of all the details.
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odhliadnuc od detailov.
09:30
My last word to you is a statement I believe in,
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Moje posledné slová sú výrok, ktorému verím,
09:33
which Egyptians have proven to be true,
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a o ktorom Egypťania dokázali, že je pravdivý,
09:36
that the power of the people
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že "moc ľudí
09:38
is much stronger than the people in power.
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je omnoho silnejšia než ľudia pri moci".
09:40
Thanks a lot.
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Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Wael Ghonim - Internet activist and computer engineerWael Ghonim believes that the Internet can be the most powerful platform for connecting humanity, if we can bring civility and thoughtful conversations back to it.
Why you should listen
Wael Ghonim is a computer engineer, an Internet activist, and a social entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of Parlio, a new media platform for public conversations that rewards civility, which has been acquired by Quora. Wael is a senior fellow at Ash Center for Democratic Governance at Harvard University.
Wael spent 6 years at Google during which he used to head up Marketing and Product in the MENA region responsible of driving the growth of Google's products across the region and evangelizing the use of the Internet and growing the Arabic content in the region.
In 2011, Wael was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, was named one of Time 100's most influential and received JFK Profile in Courage Award. Coined the "keyboard freedom fighter," he used the power of the internet and social media to fight for social justice, democracy and human rights in Egypt.
He is the founder of "Tahrir Academy", a nonprofit online knowledge sharing platform for Arab youth. Wael received his Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering from Cairo University and earned an MBA from the American University in Cairo.
Wael Ghonim | Speaker | TED.com