TEDGlobal 2012
Andrew Blum: Discover the physical side of the internet
Andrew Blum: Internet – čo to v skutočnosti je?
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Keď mu veverička prehrýzla kábel a tým ho odpojila, žurnalista Andrew Blum sa zamyslel nad tým, z čoho je internet naozaj vytvorený. A tak sa vydal na cestu za internetom – za podmorskými káblami, tajomnými vypínačmi a inými fyzickými vecami, ktoré vytvárajú net.
Andrew Blum - Network author
For his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us. Full bio
For his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I've always written primarily about architecture,
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Vždy som písal hlavne o architektúre,
00:18
about buildings, and writing about architecture
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o budovách, a písanie o architektúre
00:21
is based on certain assumptions.
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je založené na určitých predpokladoch.
00:24
An architect designs a building, and it becomes a place,
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Architekt navrhne budovu, ktorá sa stáva miestom,
00:26
or many architects design many buildings, and it becomes
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alebo veľa architektov navrhne veľa budov, z ktorých sa stáva mesto
00:28
a city, and regardless of this complicated mix of forces
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a napriek zmesi komplikovaných politických,
00:32
of politics and culture and economics that shapes
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kultúrnych a ekonomických vplyvov, ktoré tieto miesta
00:34
these places, at the end of the day, you can go
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formujú, ich nakoniec môžete
00:37
and you can visit them. You can walk around them.
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navštíviť. Môžete sa po nich prejsť.
00:40
You can smell them. You can get a feel for them.
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Môžete ich ovoňať. Môžete ich precítiť.
00:41
You can experience their sense of place.
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Môžete sa s nimi zžiť.
00:45
But what was striking to me over the last several years
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Ale v posledných rokoch ma začalo zarážať to,
00:47
was that less and less was I going out into the world,
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že som čím ďalej tým menej vychádzal von, do sveta
00:51
and more and more, I was sitting in front of my computer screen.
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a viac a viac som sedel za počítačom.
00:54
And especially since about 2007, when I got an iPhone,
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Obzvlášť od roku 2007, keď som si kúpil iPhone,
00:58
I was not only sitting in front of my screen all day,
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som nielen celý deň sedel za počítačom,
01:00
but I was also getting up at the end of the day
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ale dopadol som tak, že som stále hľadel
01:02
and looking at this little screen that I carried in my pocket.
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na tú malú obrazovku, ktorú som mal vo vrecku.
01:06
And what was surprising to me was how quickly
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Prekvapilo ma, ako rýchlo
01:08
my relationship to the physical world had changed.
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sa zmenil môj vzťah k fyzickému svetu.
01:11
In this very short period of time, you know, whether you
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Za túto krátku dobu, či už to bolo
01:13
call it the last 15 years or so of being online, or the last,
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posledných 15 rokov, čo sme online, alebo posledné
01:17
you know, four or five years of being online all the time,
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štyri či päť rokov toho, čo sme vkuse online
01:19
our relationship to our surroundings had changed in that
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sa zmenil náš vzťah k okoliu
01:23
our attention is constantly divided. You know,
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a svoju pozornosť neustále delíme,
01:24
we're both looking inside the screens and we're looking
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dívame sa aj na obrazovku, aj
01:27
out in the world around us.
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na svet okolo seba.
01:29
And what was even more striking to me, and what I really
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Čo ma zarážalo ešte viac a na čo som fakt
01:31
got hung up on, was that the world inside the screen
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nevedel prísť bolo, že to vo vnútri obrazovky
01:34
seemed to have no physical reality of its own.
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vyzeralo, akoby to ani nemalo fyzickú podobu.
01:38
If you went and looked for images of the Internet,
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Ak ste niekedy hľadali fotky internetu,
01:41
this was all that you found, this famous image by Opte
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našli ste toto, tento slávny obrázok od Opte,
01:44
of the Internet as the kind of Milky Way, this infinite expanse
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na ktorom internet vyzerá ako akási Mliečna dráha, tento nekonečný zhluk,
01:47
where we don't seem to be anywhere on it.
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ktorý nepôsobí, že by sme v ňom niekde mali byť aj my.
01:49
We can never seem to grasp it in its totality.
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Zdá sa, že nie je ani možné to úplne pochopiť.
01:52
It's always reminded me of the Apollo image of the Earth,
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Odjakživa mi to pripomínalo fotky Zeme z Apolla,
01:55
the blue marble picture, and it's similarly meant to suggest,
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fotku nášho modrého mramoru, a myslím, že nám to aj naznačuje,
01:58
I think, that we can't really understand it as a whole.
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že sa to ani nedá úplne pochopiť.
02:01
We're always sort of small in the face of its expanse.
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Popri jeho veľkosti budeme navždy tak nejako maličkí.
02:04
So if there was this world and this screen, and if there was
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Takže, ak existoval tento svet a tento monitor, a ak existoval
02:08
the physical world around me, I couldn't ever get them
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hmotný svet okolo mňa, nikdy som ich nevedel spojiť
02:11
together in the same place.
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do jedného celku.
02:14
And then this happened.
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A potom sa stalo toto.
02:17
My Internet broke one day, as it occasionally does,
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Pokazil sa mi internet, ako sa to občas stáva,
02:19
and the cable guy came to fix it, and he started with
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prišiel chlapík, aby to opravil a začal s
02:22
the dusty clump of cables behind the couch,
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gučou zaprášených káblov za gaučom,
02:24
and he followed it to the front of my building and into the basement and out to the back yard,
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nasledoval ich do vchodu a do pivnice a na zadný dvor,
02:28
and there was this big jumble of cables against the wall.
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a tam ležalo takéto obrovské klbko káblov.
02:30
And then he saw a squirrel running along the wire,
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Potom zbadal veveričku, ktorá bežala popri kábloch
02:33
and he said, "There's your problem.
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a povedal „Tam je váš problém.
02:36
A squirrel is chewing on your Internet." (Laughter)
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Veverička vám obhrýza internet.“ (Smiech)
02:40
And this seemed astounding. The Internet is
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Bol to pre mňa šok. Internet pôsobí ako niečo
02:43
a transcendent idea. It's a set of protocols that has changed
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nadprirodzené. Je to súbor protokolov, ktoré zmenili
02:47
everything from shopping to dating to revolutions.
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všetko od nakupovania, cez randenie, po revolúcie,
02:50
It was unequivocally not something
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určite nie niečo,
02:53
a squirrel could chew on. (Laughter)
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čo môže obhrýzať veverička. (Smiech)
02:56
But that in fact seemed to be the case.
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Ale zdá sa, že tak to naozaj bolo,
02:58
A squirrel had in fact chewed on my Internet. (Laughter)
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veverička mi naozaj obhrýzala internet. (Smiech)
03:01
And then I got this image in my head of what would happen
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A tak som si predstavil, čo by sa stalo,
03:03
if you yanked the wire from the wall and if you started
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keby som vytrhol kábel zo steny a
03:06
to follow it. Where would it go?
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nasledoval ho. Kam by som sa dostal?
03:07
Was the Internet actually a place that you could visit?
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Je internet miesto, ktoré môžeme navštíviť?
03:11
Could I go there? Who would I meet?
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Mohol by som tam vojsť? Koho by som stretol?
03:12
You know, was there something actually out there?
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Je tam niekde naozaj niečo?
03:15
And the answer, by all accounts, was no.
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Odpoveďou je pravdepodobne Nie.
03:18
This was the Internet, this black box with a red light on it,
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Ako hovoria v komédii The IT Crowd,
03:21
as represented in the sitcom "The IT Crowd."
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internet je táto čierna skrinka s červeným svetielkom.
03:25
Normally it lives on the top of Big Ben,
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Býva na vrchu veže Big Ben,
03:28
because that's where you get the best reception,
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pretože tam je najlepší signál
03:31
but they had negotiated that their colleague could borrow it
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a keď si ho chceli na jedno poobedie požičať,
03:35
for the afternoon to use in an office presentation.
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aby ho vo firme mohli použiť na prezentáciu,
03:38
The elders of the Internet were willing to part with it
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staršinovia zodpovední za internet boli ochotní
03:40
for a short while, and she looks at it and she says,
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požičať ho na chvíľu a ona sa na to tak pozrela a vraví:
03:43
"This is the Internet? The whole Internet? Is it heavy?"
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„Toto je internet? Celý internet? Je to ťažké?“
03:46
They say, "Of course not, the Internet doesn't weigh anything."
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Ostatní hovoria „Samozrejme, že nie, internet nič neváži.“
03:50
And I was embarrassed. I was looking for this thing
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A ja som sa zahanbil, lebo som hľadal práve tú vec,
03:53
that only fools seem to look for.
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ktorú hľadajú iba blázni.
03:55
The Internet was that amorphous blob, or it was a silly
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Internet bol teda iba niečo beztvaré alebo
03:58
black box with a blinking red light on it.
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čierna krabička s červeným svetielkom.
04:00
It wasn't a real world out there.
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Bol to nereálny svet,
04:02
But, in fact, it is. There is a real world of the Internet out there,
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ktorý ale v skutočnosti reálny je. Máme tu naozajstný svet internetu,
04:06
and that's what I spent about two years visiting,
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po ktorom som chodil zhruba dva roky,
04:07
these places of the Internet. I was in large data centers
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bol som v obrovských výpočtových strediskách,
04:11
that use as much power as the cities in which they sit,
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ktoré spotrebujú toľko elektriny ako celé mestá, v ktorých sa nachádzajú,
04:14
and I visited places like this, 60 Hudson Street in New York,
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a bol som aj na miestach, akým je 60 Hudson Street v New Yorku,
04:17
which is one of the buildings in the world,
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čo je jedna z tých budov sveta,
04:18
one of a very short list of buildings, about a dozen buildings,
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jedna z veľmi krátkeho zoznamu budov, je ich asi tucet,
04:21
where more networks of the Internet connect to each other
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kde sa spája viac sietí internetu
04:24
than anywhere else.
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ako kdekoľvek inde na svete
04:25
And that connection is an unequivocally physical process.
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a to spojenie je jednoznačne hmotným procesom.
04:28
It's about the router of one network, a Facebook or
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Všetko je to o routri jednej siete, Facebooku, alebo Google,
04:30
a Google or a B.T. or a Comcast or a Time Warner, whatever it is,
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alebo B.T., alebo Comcast, alebo Time Warner proste čohokoľvek,
04:33
connecting with usually a yellow fiber optic cable up into
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ktorý je väčšinou žltým optickým káblom napojený
04:36
the ceiling and down into the router of another network,
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k stropu a potom routru ďalšej siete
04:39
and that's unequivocally physical, and it's surprisingly intimate.
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a to je ten zjavný, ohromne dokonalý fyzický proces.
04:43
A building like 60 Hudson, and a dozen or so others,
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Na mieste ako 60 Hudson Street a asi tucte podobných miest
04:46
has 10 times more networks connecting within it
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sa v porovnaní s iným budovami
04:49
than the next tier of buildings.
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spája asi desaťkrát viac sietí.
04:50
There's a very short list of these places.
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Existuje veľmi krátky zoznam takýchto miest,
04:52
And 60 Hudson in particular is interesting because it's home
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pričom 60 Hudson je obzvlášť zaujímavá, pretože v nej sídli
04:55
to about a half a dozen very important networks,
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zhruba 6 veľmi dôležitých sietí,
04:58
which are the networks which serve the undersea cables
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ktoré slúžia ako základne podmorských káblov,
05:00
that travel underneath the ocean
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ktoré ležia na dne oceánov
05:03
that connect Europe and America and connect all of us.
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a spájajú Európu s Amerikou a teda nás všetkých.
05:05
And it's those cables in particular that I want to focus on.
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Chcel by som sa zamerať práve na tieto káble.
05:08
If the Internet is a global phenomenon, if we live
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Ak je internet globálnym fenoménom, ak žijeme
05:12
in a global village, it's because there are cables underneath
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v nejakom globálnom mestečku, je to preto, že
05:15
the ocean, cables like this.
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na dne oceánu sú káble ako napríklad tento,
05:17
And in this dimension, they are incredibly small.
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ktorý má neuveriteľne malé rozmery.
05:20
You can you hold them in your hand. They're like a garden hose.
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Môžete ho chytiť do ruky. Vyzerá ako hadica.
05:23
But in the other dimension they are incredibly expansive,
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Avšak niektoré dosahujú neuveriteľné rozmery, kedy môžu byť
05:27
as expansive as you can imagine.
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také obrovské ako si len viete predstaviť.
05:28
They stretch across the ocean. They're three or five
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Tiahnu sa krížom cez oceán. Sú dlhé tri, päť,
05:31
or eight thousand miles in length, and
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osem tisíc míľ
05:34
if the material science and the computational technology
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a zatiaľ čo veda o materiáloch a počítačoch je
05:36
is incredibly complicated, the basic physical process
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neuveriteľne komplikovaná, základný fyzický proces
05:40
is shockingly simple. Light goes in on one end of the ocean
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je neuveriteľne jednoduchý. Svetlo vojde dnu na jednom konci oceána
05:43
and comes out on the other, and it usually comes
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a vyjde na druhom, pričom väčšinou vychádza
05:47
from a building called a landing station that's often
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z budovy, ktorá sa volá pristávacia stanica, ktorá býva
05:49
tucked away inconspicuously in a little seaside neighborhood,
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často nenápadne zastrčená v malých prímorských mestečkách,
05:52
and there are amplifiers that sit on the ocean floor
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na dne oceána ležia tiež zosilňovače, ktoré vyzerajú ako tuniak modroplutvý
05:55
that look kind of like bluefin tuna, and every 50 miles
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a na každej päťdesiatej míli zosilňujú signál
05:58
they amplify the signal, and since the rate of transmission
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a keďže rýchlosť prenosu
06:01
is incredibly fast, the basic unit is a 10-gigabit-per-second
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je neuveriteľne vysoká, základnou jednotkou je 10 gigabit za sekundu
06:04
wavelength of light, maybe a thousand times your own
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vlnovej dĺžky svetla, možnože to je tisíckrát rýchlejšie
06:07
connection, or capable of carrying 10,000 video streams,
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ako vaše pripojenie, respektíve je schopné prenosu 10 000 videí
06:10
but not only that, but you'll put not just one wavelength of light
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a nielen to, ale jediné vlákno toho kábla môže preniesť
06:13
through one of the fibers, but you'll put maybe
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nie iba jednu vlnovú dĺžku svetla, ale aj
06:16
50 or 60 or 70 different wavelengths or colors of light
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50, 60, či 70 rôznych vlnových dĺžok alebo farieb svetla,
06:19
through a single fiber, and then you'll have maybe
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no a v jednom kábli je aj osem vlákien,
06:22
eight fibers in a cable, four going in each direction.
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štyri v každom smere.
06:25
And they're tiny. They're the thickness of a hair.
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Sú maličké, tenké ako vlas.
06:28
And then they connect to the continent somewhere.
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No a tie sa potom spoja niekde na pevnine.
06:30
They connect in a manhole like this. Literally,
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Spájajú sa v takejto šachte. Naozaj,
06:33
this is where the 5,000-mile cable plugs in.
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tu je zapojený 5 000 míľ dlhý kábel.
06:36
This is in Halifax, a cable that stretches from Halifax to Ireland.
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Je to v Halifaxe, kábel, ktorý ide z Halifaxu do Írska.
06:40
And the landscape is changing. Three years ago,
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Toto rozloženie sa ale mení. Pred tromi rokmi,
06:43
when I started thinking about this, there was one cable
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keď som o tomto všetkom začal rozmýšľať, bol na západnom pobreží Afriky
06:45
down the Western coast of Africa, represented
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jeden kábel, ktorý je na tejto mape od Steva Songa
06:48
in this map by Steve Song as that thin black line.
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zobrazený tenkou čiernou čiarou.
06:51
Now there are six cables and more coming, three down each coast.
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Dnes je tam šesť káblov a ďalšie tri sú na ceste na každé pobrežie.
06:56
Because once a country gets plugged in by one cable,
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Je to spôsobené tým, že keď sa krajina pripojí jedným káblom,
06:59
they realize that it's not enough. If they're going to build
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uvedomí si, že jej to nestačí. Ak na tom chce vystavať
07:00
an industry around it, they need to know that their connection
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priemysel, musí si byť istá, že jej pripojenie
07:03
isn't tenuous but permanent, because if a cable breaks,
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je dostatočne silné, pretože ak sa kábel roztrhne,
07:06
you have to send a ship out into the water, throw
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musíte na more poslať loď, zakotviť,
07:08
a grappling hook over the side, pick it up, find the other end,
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vytiahnuť kábel, nájsť jeho druhý koniec,
07:11
and then fuse the two ends back together and then dump it over.
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znovu ich spojiť a hodiť naspäť do vody.
07:14
It's an intensely, intensely physical process.
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A to je naozaj intenzívny fyzický proces.
07:18
So this is my friend Simon Cooper, who until very recently
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Toto je môj kamarát Simon Cooper, ktorý až donedávna
07:23
worked for Tata Communications, the communications wing
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pracoval na oddelení pre komunikáciu pre Tata Communications,
07:25
of Tata, the big Indian industrial conglomerate.
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veľký indický priemyselný konglomerát
07:28
And I've never met him. We've only communicated
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a ktorého som nikdy nestretol. Komunikovali sme iba
07:31
via this telepresence system, which always makes me
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cez videokonferenčný systém, ktorý ma núti rozmýšľať o ňom
07:35
think of him as the man inside the Internet. (Laughter)
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ako o tom mužovi vo vnútri internetu. (Smiech)
07:39
And he is English. The undersea cable industry
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Je Angličan. Angličania dominujú
07:42
is dominated by Englishmen, and they all seem to be 42.
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priemyslu podmorských káblov a zdá sa, že všetci majú 42 rokov. (Smiech)
07:46
(Laughter) Because they all started at the same time
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To preto, lebo všetci začali v rovnakom čase,
07:49
with the boom about 20 years ago.
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v čase veľkého rozmachu pred zhruba 20 rokmi.
07:51
And Tata had gotten its start as a communications business
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Ako komunikačný podnik začala Tata,
07:54
when they bought two cables, one across the Atlantic
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keď kúpila dva káble, jeden v Atlantiku
07:57
and one across the Pacific, and proceeded to add pieces
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a druhý v Tichom oceáne a začala k nim pridávať kúsky
08:00
onto them, until they had built a belt around the world,
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až kým nevybudovali okruh okolo celého sveta,
08:04
which means they will send your bits to the East or the West.
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čo znamená, že bity posielajú na východ alebo na západ.
08:06
They have -- this is literally a beam of light around the world,
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Doslova je to lúč svetla okolo sveta
08:08
and if a cable breaks in the Pacific, it'll send it around
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a ak sa pokazí kábel v Tichom oceáne, pošlú lúč
08:10
the other direction. And then having done that,
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opačným smerom. Potom, keď to dokončili,
08:13
they started to look for places to wire next.
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začali hľadať ďalšie miesta, ktoré by mohli pripojiť.
08:17
They looked for the unwired places, and that's meant
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Hľadali nepripojené miesta, to znamená
08:20
North and South, primarily these cables to Africa.
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sever a juh, hlavne teda Afriku.
08:23
But what amazes me is Simon's incredible geographic imagination.
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Mňa udivuje Simonova neuveriteľná geografická predstavivosť.
08:26
He thinks about the world with this incredible expansiveness.
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On sa na svet díva neuveriteľne expanzívne.
08:29
And I was particularly interested because I wanted to see
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Mňa to všetko zaujímalo o to viac, že som chcel vidieť
08:33
one of these cables being built. See, you know, all the time
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ako sa takýto kábel tvorí. Viete, keď sme online
08:35
online we experience these fleeting moments of connection,
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zažívame tie prchavé momenty spojenia,
08:38
these sort of brief adjacencies, a tweet or a Facebook post
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akési spoločenstvo, status na Tweeteri alebo na Facebooku,
08:41
or an email, and it seemed like there was a physical corollary to that.
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alebo email a pôsobí to ako výsledok fyzickej aktivity.
08:45
It seemed like there was a moment when the continent
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Vyzeralo to tak, že prichádzal moment, kedy sa pripojí
08:47
was being plugged in, and I wanted to see that.
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nový kontinent a práve to som chcel vidieť.
08:49
And Simon was working on a new cable,
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Simon pracoval na novom kábli,
08:52
WACS, the West Africa Cable System, that stretched
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WACS, the West Africa Cable System, ktorý viedol
08:54
from Lisbon down the west coast of Africa,
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z Lisabonu na západné pobrežie Afriky,
08:56
to Cote d'Ivoire, to Ghana, to Nigeria, to Cameroon.
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do Cote d´Ivoire, do Ghany, Nigérie, Cameroonu.
08:59
And he said there was coming soon, depending
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Povedal, že to príde už čoskoro, že záleží
09:01
on the weather, but he'd let me know when,
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od počasia, ale že mi dá vedieť,
09:04
and so with about four days notice, he said to go
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a tak mi asi štyri dni dopredu povedal, aby som išiel
09:07
to this beach south of Lisbon, and a little after 9,
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na pláž južne od Lisabonu a že okolo deviatej tam
09:10
this guy will walk out of the water. (Laughter)
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z vody vyjde nejaký chlapík, (Smiech)
09:13
And he'll be carrying a green nylon line, a lightweight line,
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bude niesť zelené nylonové lanko, tenučké lanko,
09:18
called a messenger line, and that was the first link
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ktoré sa volá kotvové lanko, je prvým spojením
09:20
between sea and land, this link that would then be
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medzi morom a zemou a neskôr sa
09:23
leveraged into this 9,000-mile path of light.
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zmení na 9 000-míľovú svetelnú cestu.
09:27
Then a bulldozer began to pull the cable in from this
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Zo špeciálnej lode potom začal buldozér
09:29
specialized cable landing ship, and it was floated
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vyťahovať kábel upevnený na bójach,
09:33
on these buoys until it was in the right place.
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až pokiaľ nebol tam, kde mal byť.
09:36
Then you can see the English engineers looking on.
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Tomu všetkému sa prizerali anglický inžinieri.
09:38
And then, once it was in the right place, he got back
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A keď už bolo všetko na svojom mieste, chlapík
09:41
in the water holding a big knife, and he cut each buoy off,
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vošiel naspäť do vody s veľkým nožom, odrezal bóje,
09:44
and the buoy popped up into the air, and the cable
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tie vyleteli do vzduchu a kábel
09:47
dropped to the sea floor, and he did that all the way out
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padol na dno mora. Urobil to po celej dĺžke
09:49
to the ship, and when he got there,
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až k lodi a keď k nej došiel,
09:51
they gave him a glass of juice and a cookie,
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dali mu pohár džúsu a sušienku,
09:53
and then he jumped back in, and he swam back to shore,
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potom skočil naspäť do vody, priprával k brehu
09:55
and then he lit a cigarette. (Laughter)
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a zapálil si cigaretu. (Smiech)
10:03
And then once that cable was on shore,
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Keď už bol kábel na pobreží,
10:05
they began to prepare to connect it to the other side,
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začali ho upravovať na pripojenie k druhému koncu,
10:09
for the cable that had been brought down from the landing station.
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ku káblu, ktorý priniesli z pristávacej stanice.
10:12
And first they got it with a hacksaw, and then they start
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Začali s pílkou a potom akoby
10:15
sort of shaving away at this plastic interior with a --
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hobľovali plastové časti, čo vyzeralo
10:17
sort of working like chefs, and then finally they're working
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akoby na tom pracovali kuchári a nakoniec to konečne začali opracovávať
10:20
like jewelers to get these hair-thin fibers to line up
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ako šperkári, aby mohli pripojiť tie tenučké káble
10:22
with the cable that had come down,
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ku káblom, ktoré priniesli
10:24
and with this hole-punch machine they fuse it together.
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a pritavili ich k sebe takou spájkovačkou.
10:27
And when you see these guys going at this cable with a hacksaw,
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Keď vidíte tých chlapov ako opracúvajú kábel pílou,
10:30
you stop thinking about the Internet as a cloud.
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prestanete o internete rozmýšľať ako o nejakom oblaku.
10:33
It starts to seem like an incredibly physical thing.
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Začne vám to pripadať ako neuveriteľne hmotná vec.
10:37
And what surprised me as well was that as much as this
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Čo ma tiež prekvapilo je, ako veľmi je to všetko
10:39
is based on the most sophisticated technology, as much
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založené na premyslenej technológii, a aké je to
10:42
as this is an incredibly new thing, the physical process
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všetko neuveriteľne nové, i keď samotný fyzický
10:45
itself has been around for a long time, and the culture is the same.
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proces a aj kultúra tu už boli dlhú dobu.
10:49
You see the local laborers. You see the English engineer
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Vidíte miestnych robotníkov. Vidíte inžinierov z Anglicka,
10:51
giving directions in the background. And more importantly,
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ktorí to všetko riadia. A čo je najdôležitejšie,
10:54
the places are the same. These cables still connect
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tie miesta sú stále rovnaké. Káble stále spájajú
10:57
these classic port cities, places like Lisbon, Mombasa,
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rovnaké mestá, miesta ako Lisabon, Mombasa,
11:00
Mumbai, Singapore, New York.
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Mumbai, Singapúr, New York.
11:03
And then the process on shore takes around three or four days,
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Proces na pobreží trvá tak tri-štyri dni
11:07
and then, when it's done, they put the manhole cover
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a keď je všetko hotové, zavrú káblovú šachtu,
11:11
back on top, and they push the sand over that,
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zasypú ju pieskom
11:14
and we all forget about it.
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a my všetci na to pomaly zabudneme.
11:17
And it seems to me that we talk a lot about the cloud,
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Zdá sa mi, že sa veľa hovorí o „oblaku“,
11:19
but every time we put something on the cloud,
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ale zakaždým, keď niečo dáme na „oblak“,
11:21
we give up some responsibility for it.
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vzdávame sa svojej zodpovednosti za to, čo tam dáme,
11:24
We are less connected to it. We let other people worry about it.
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sme k tomu menej pripojení. Prenechávame to na starosť iným.
11:27
And that doesn't seem right.
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A to sa mi nezdá správne.
11:29
There's a great Neal Stephenson line where he says
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Neal Stephenson povedal úžasnú vec, a to,
11:31
that wired people should know something about wires.
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že ľudia, ktorí majú internet by mali vedieť aspoň niečo o kábloch.
11:35
And we should know, I think, we should know
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A myslím si, že by sme mali vedieť
11:38
where our Internet comes from, and we should know
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odkiaľ náš internet je a mali by sme tiež vedieť,
11:40
what it is that physically, physically connects us all.
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čo nás všetkých naozaj fyzicky spája.
11:45
Thank you. (Applause)
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Ďakujem. (Potlesk)
11:48
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
11:50
Thanks. (Applause)
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Vďaka. (Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Blum - Network authorFor his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us.
Why you should listen
In his book Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet, Andrew Blum wanted to capture the "spirit of place" of the Internet. Because as far-reaching and virtual as our connection to the Net is, the signals travel on good old-fashioned cabling, glass fibers jacketed in polymer, running through conduit under streets. The immaterial Internet runs on a very material, industry-like infrastructure. So that when Alaska senator Ted Stevens called the Internet "a series of tubes" ... well, he was kind of right, and he did inspire the title of this utterly fascinating book, which explores the switches, data centers, sea crossings and many, many tubes that make up our online reality.
Blum is a writer for Newsweek, and has written for Wired, Popular Science, Metropolis and more.
Learn more about Tubes:
Read excerpts on submarine cables and Internet exchange points (like 60 Hudson in NYC).
Browse book club materials (from the Amherst Reads book club)
Listen to Andrew Blum's audio interview on Fresh Air
Andrew Blum | Speaker | TED.com