TEDGlobal 2012
Andrew Blum: Discover the physical side of the internet
Znotraj fizičnega
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
1,521,702 views
Po tem, ko mu je veverica prežvečila kabel in ga pustila brez internetne povezave, se je novinar Andrew Blum začel spraševati iz česa je internet sploh narejen. Zato se je odpravil na pot, da si ogleda vse - podmorske kable, skrita stikala in ostale fizične dele, ki sestavljajo splet.
Andrew Blum - Network author
For his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us. Full bio
For his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I've always written primarily about architecture,
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Vedno sem pisal o arhitekturi,
00:18
about buildings, and writing about architecture
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o zgradbah,
in pisanje o arhitekturi
in pisanje o arhitekturi
00:21
is based on certain assumptions.
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temelji na določenih domnevah.
00:24
An architect designs a building, and it becomes a place,
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Arhitekt ustvari zasnuje stavbo,
ki se razvije v prostor,
ki se razvije v prostor,
00:26
or many architects design many buildings, and it becomes
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več arhitektov pa zasnuje več stavb,
ki se razvijejo v mesto.
ki se razvijejo v mesto.
00:28
a city, and regardless of this complicated mix of forces
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In kljub tej zapleteni mešanici sil
politike, kulture in ekonomije,
ki te kraje ustvarijo,
ki te kraje ustvarijo,
00:32
of politics and culture and economics that shapes
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00:34
these places, at the end of the day, you can go
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jih lahko ob koncu dneva mirno obiščemo.
Lahko se po njih sprehodimo.
Lahko se po njih sprehodimo.
00:37
and you can visit them. You can walk around them.
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Lahko jih vdihnemo.
Lahko jih občutimo.
Lahko jih občutimo.
00:40
You can smell them. You can get a feel for them.
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00:41
You can experience their sense of place.
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Lahko izkusimo njihov obstoj kot kraj.
00:45
But what was striking to me over the last several years
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Toda v zadnjih nekaj letih me je osupnilo to,
00:47
was that less and less was I going out into the world,
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da sem se vedno manj podajal v svet
00:51
and more and more, I was sitting in front of my computer screen.
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in se vedno bolj pogosto znašel
pred računalniškim zaslonom.
pred računalniškim zaslonom.
00:54
And especially since about 2007, when I got an iPhone,
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Še bolj pogosto pa od leta 2007,
ko sem kupil svoj iPhone,
ko sem kupil svoj iPhone,
00:58
I was not only sitting in front of my screen all day,
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in nisem cele dneve le posedal pred zaslonom,
01:00
but I was also getting up at the end of the day
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toda sem ob koncu dneva tudi gledal
01:02
and looking at this little screen that I carried in my pocket.
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v ta majhen zaslon,
ki sem ga imel v žepu.
ki sem ga imel v žepu.
01:06
And what was surprising to me was how quickly
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Presenetilo me je,
kako hitro se je spremenil
kako hitro se je spremenil
01:08
my relationship to the physical world had changed.
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moj odnos do fizičnega sveta.
01:11
In this very short period of time, you know, whether you
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V tem zelo kratkem času,
01:13
call it the last 15 years or so of being online, or the last,
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naj bo to zadnjih 15 let,
ki jih preživljamo na spletu,
ki jih preživljamo na spletu,
ali pa zadnjih štiri, pet let,
ko je splet del našega vsakdana,
ko je splet del našega vsakdana,
01:17
you know, four or five years of being online all the time,
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01:19
our relationship to our surroundings had changed in that
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se je naš odnos
do okolja spremenil v
do okolja spremenil v
razdvojenost naše pozornosti.
01:23
our attention is constantly divided. You know,
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01:24
we're both looking inside the screens and we're looking
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Obenem gledamo v ekrane
in opazujemo svet okrog nas.
01:27
out in the world around us.
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01:29
And what was even more striking to me, and what I really
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Še bolj pa me je osupnilo
in mi tudi ni dalo miru to,
da mi je svet znotraj zaslona dal vtis,
da mi je svet znotraj zaslona dal vtis,
01:31
got hung up on, was that the world inside the screen
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01:34
seemed to have no physical reality of its own.
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da je brez lastne fizične resničnosti.
01:38
If you went and looked for images of the Internet,
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Če si želel poiskati slike interneta,
01:41
this was all that you found, this famous image by Opte
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je to vse kar si našel,
to slavno Optejevo sliko
to slavno Optejevo sliko
01:44
of the Internet as the kind of Milky Way, this infinite expanse
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interneta kot neke vrste Rimska cesta,
ki se razprostira v neskončnost
ki se razprostira v neskončnost
01:47
where we don't seem to be anywhere on it.
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in se ne najdemo nikjer znotraj nje.
01:49
We can never seem to grasp it in its totality.
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Nikoli je ne zmoremo dojeti v celoti.
01:52
It's always reminded me of the Apollo image of the Earth,
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Mene vedno spominja na sliko Zemlje,
ki jo je posnel Apollo,
ki jo je posnel Apollo,
slika modre frnikole.
01:55
the blue marble picture, and it's similarly meant to suggest,
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Zdi se mi,
da na podoben način namiguje.
da na podoben način namiguje.
01:58
I think, that we can't really understand it as a whole.
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da je ne moremo v razumeti v celoti.
02:01
We're always sort of small in the face of its expanse.
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Vedno smo majhni navkljub njeni razsežnosti.
02:04
So if there was this world and this screen, and if there was
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Če bi torej imel ta zaslonski svet
in okrog sebe fizični svet,
02:08
the physical world around me, I couldn't ever get them
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ju ne bi nikoli uspel
združiti na enem mestu.
združiti na enem mestu.
02:11
together in the same place.
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02:14
And then this happened.
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In potem se je zgodilo to.
Kot se občasno zgodi,
sem nekega dne izgubil internetno povezavo,
sem nekega dne izgubil internetno povezavo,
02:17
My Internet broke one day, as it occasionally does,
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02:19
and the cable guy came to fix it, and he started with
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prišel jo je popraviti serviser,
ki je začel s
prašno kepo kablov za kavčem,
prašno kepo kablov za kavčem,
02:22
the dusty clump of cables behind the couch,
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sledil ji je pred hišo,
v klet in ven na dvorišče,
v klet in ven na dvorišče,
02:24
and he followed it to the front of my building and into the basement and out to the back yard,
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02:28
and there was this big jumble of cables against the wall.
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kjer je našel zmešnjavo kablov ob steni.
02:30
And then he saw a squirrel running along the wire,
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In potem je zagledal veverico,
ki je tekla ob žici,
ki je tekla ob žici,
02:33
and he said, "There's your problem.
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in mi je dejal,
tukaj je vaš problem.
tukaj je vaš problem.
02:36
A squirrel is chewing on your Internet." (Laughter)
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Veverica žveči vaš internet.
(Smeh)
To se mi je zdelo osupljivo.
02:40
And this seemed astounding. The Internet is
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Internet je transcendentna zamisel.
Je serija protokolov, ki je spremenila
Je serija protokolov, ki je spremenila
02:43
a transcendent idea. It's a set of protocols that has changed
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02:47
everything from shopping to dating to revolutions.
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vse od nakupovanja
do zmenkov in revolucij.
do zmenkov in revolucij.
02:50
It was unequivocally not something
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Zatrdno ni nekaj,
02:53
a squirrel could chew on. (Laughter)
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kar bi bila veverica zmožna prežvečiti.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
Toda kljub temu je prišlo do tega.
02:56
But that in fact seemed to be the case.
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02:58
A squirrel had in fact chewed on my Internet. (Laughter)
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Veverica je nedvomno prežvečila moj internet.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
03:01
And then I got this image in my head of what would happen
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Potem pa sem si začel
predstavljati kaj bi se zgodilo,
predstavljati kaj bi se zgodilo,
03:03
if you yanked the wire from the wall and if you started
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če bi potegnil žico iz stene
in ji začel slediti.
Kam bi vodila?
Kam bi vodila?
03:06
to follow it. Where would it go?
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03:07
Was the Internet actually a place that you could visit?
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Je internet kraj,
ki ga lahko obiščeš?
ki ga lahko obiščeš?
Lahko pridem do njega?
Koga bi srečal?
Koga bi srečal?
03:11
Could I go there? Who would I meet?
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03:12
You know, was there something actually out there?
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Je tam sploh možno kaj najti?
03:15
And the answer, by all accounts, was no.
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In v vseh pogledih je bil odgovor ne.
03:18
This was the Internet, this black box with a red light on it,
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Internet je bil to,
ta črna škatlica z rdečo lučko.
ta črna škatlica z rdečo lučko.
03:21
as represented in the sitcom "The IT Crowd."
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Kot je bila prikazana
v TV seriji "Računalničarji."
v TV seriji "Računalničarji."
03:25
Normally it lives on the top of Big Ben,
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Ponavadi se nahaja na vrhu Big Bena,
03:28
because that's where you get the best reception,
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ker je tam možno dobiti najboljši signal.
03:31
but they had negotiated that their colleague could borrow it
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Toda dogovorili so se,
da si jo sodelavka lahko sposodi
da si jo sodelavka lahko sposodi
03:35
for the afternoon to use in an office presentation.
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za popoldansko predavanje.
Starešine interneta so se bili
od naprave pripravljeni ločiti za kratek čas.
od naprave pripravljeni ločiti za kratek čas.
03:38
The elders of the Internet were willing to part with it
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03:40
for a short while, and she looks at it and she says,
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Ona škatlico pogleda in reče,
to je internet?
to je internet?
03:43
"This is the Internet? The whole Internet? Is it heavy?"
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Celoten internet?
Je težek?
Je težek?
03:46
They say, "Of course not, the Internet doesn't weigh anything."
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Odgovorijo ji,
seveda ne, internet je brez teže.
seveda ne, internet je brez teže.
03:50
And I was embarrassed. I was looking for this thing
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Postalo me je sram.
Iskal sem to stvar,
Iskal sem to stvar,
03:53
that only fools seem to look for.
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ki jo očitno iščejo le bedaki.
03:55
The Internet was that amorphous blob, or it was a silly
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Internet je bila tista brezoblična packa,
ali pa hecna črna škatla
z utripajočo rdečo lučko.
z utripajočo rdečo lučko.
03:58
black box with a blinking red light on it.
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04:00
It wasn't a real world out there.
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Ni bil del resničnega sveta.
04:02
But, in fact, it is. There is a real world of the Internet out there,
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Toda, v bistvu je.
Resnični svet interneta zagotovo obstaja,
Resnični svet interneta zagotovo obstaja,
04:06
and that's what I spent about two years visiting,
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svet, ki sem ga zadnji dve leti obiskoval,
te kraje interneta.
te kraje interneta.
04:07
these places of the Internet. I was in large data centers
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Obiskal sem velike podatkovne centre,
04:11
that use as much power as the cities in which they sit,
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ki porabijo enako količino energije
kot mesta v katerih se nahajajo.
kot mesta v katerih se nahajajo.
04:14
and I visited places like this, 60 Hudson Street in New York,
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Obiskal sem tudi takšne kraje,
stavbo na Hudson Street 60 v New Yorku,
stavbo na Hudson Street 60 v New Yorku,
04:17
which is one of the buildings in the world,
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ki je ena izmed tistih na svetu,
04:18
one of a very short list of buildings, about a dozen buildings,
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na zelo kratkem seznamu stavb,
približno dvanajst jih je,
približno dvanajst jih je,
04:21
where more networks of the Internet connect to each other
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kjer je med seboj povezanih več omrežij interneta
kot kjerkoli drugje.
04:24
than anywhere else.
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04:25
And that connection is an unequivocally physical process.
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Ta povezava je zatrdno fizična.
04:28
It's about the router of one network, a Facebook or
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Gre za usmerjevalnik enega omrežja,
naj bo to Facebook ali Google,
naj bo to Facebook ali Google,
04:30
a Google or a B.T. or a Comcast or a Time Warner, whatever it is,
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B.T., Comcast
ali Time Warner, karkoli,
ali Time Warner, karkoli,
ki je ponavadi povezan
z rumenim kablom iz optičnih vlaken
z rumenim kablom iz optičnih vlaken
04:33
connecting with usually a yellow fiber optic cable up into
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04:36
the ceiling and down into the router of another network,
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skozi strop v nek drug usmerjevalnik
nekega drugega omrežja.
nekega drugega omrežja.
04:39
and that's unequivocally physical, and it's surprisingly intimate.
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To je nedvomno fizična povezava
in je presenetljivo podrobna.
04:43
A building like 60 Hudson, and a dozen or so others,
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Stavba na Hudsonovi cesti
in približno 12 ostalih stavb
in približno 12 ostalih stavb
04:46
has 10 times more networks connecting within it
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je povezana z desetkrat več omrežji
04:49
than the next tier of buildings.
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kot stavbe druge stopnje.
04:50
There's a very short list of these places.
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Seznam takšnih krajev je zelo kratek.
04:52
And 60 Hudson in particular is interesting because it's home
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Stavba na Hudsonovi cesti
je še posebej zanimiva,
je še posebej zanimiva,
saj se tam nahaja
približno šest zelo pomembnih omrežij.
približno šest zelo pomembnih omrežij.
04:55
to about a half a dozen very important networks,
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04:58
which are the networks which serve the undersea cables
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To so omrežja,
ki služijo podmorskim kablom,
ki služijo podmorskim kablom,
05:00
that travel underneath the ocean
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napeljanimi pod oceanom.
05:03
that connect Europe and America and connect all of us.
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Ti kabli povezujejo
Evropo z Ameriko in povezujejo nas.
Evropo z Ameriko in povezujejo nas.
05:05
And it's those cables in particular that I want to focus on.
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To so kabli,
na katere se želim predvsem osredotočiti.
na katere se želim predvsem osredotočiti.
Če je internet globalen fenomen,
05:08
If the Internet is a global phenomenon, if we live
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če živimo v globalni vasi,
05:12
in a global village, it's because there are cables underneath
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je to zaradi kablov pod oceanom.
Takšnih kablov.
Takšnih kablov.
05:15
the ocean, cables like this.
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05:17
And in this dimension, they are incredibly small.
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V tej dimenziji so neverjetno majhni.
05:20
You can you hold them in your hand. They're like a garden hose.
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Lahko jih držimo v roki.
So kot vrtna cev.
So kot vrtna cev.
05:23
But in the other dimension they are incredibly expansive,
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Toda v drugi dimenziji pa so neverjetno razsežni,
05:27
as expansive as you can imagine.
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tako razsežni kot si lahko predstavljate.
Raztezajo se preko oceana.
Raztezajo se preko oceana.
05:28
They stretch across the ocean. They're three or five
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Dolgi so pet,
osem ali deset tisoč kilometrov.
osem ali deset tisoč kilometrov.
05:31
or eight thousand miles in length, and
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In čeprav sta znanost o materialih
in računska tehnologija neverjetno zapleteni,
in računska tehnologija neverjetno zapleteni,
05:34
if the material science and the computational technology
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05:36
is incredibly complicated, the basic physical process
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je osnovni fizični proces presenetljivo preprost.
05:40
is shockingly simple. Light goes in on one end of the ocean
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Svetloba vstopi na enem koncu oceana
05:43
and comes out on the other, and it usually comes
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in pride ven na drugem.
Ponavadi pride iz stavbe,
ki se imenuje sprejemno-oddajna postaja
ki se imenuje sprejemno-oddajna postaja
05:47
from a building called a landing station that's often
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in se pogosto skriva
v manjši obmorski naselbini.
v manjši obmorski naselbini.
05:49
tucked away inconspicuously in a little seaside neighborhood,
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05:52
and there are amplifiers that sit on the ocean floor
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Na dnu oceana pa so ojačevalci,
05:55
that look kind of like bluefin tuna, and every 50 miles
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ki so podobni modroplavutemu tunu
in vsakih 80 kilometrov ojačajo signal.
in vsakih 80 kilometrov ojačajo signal.
05:58
they amplify the signal, and since the rate of transmission
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Ker je hitrost prenosa
podatkov neverjetno hitra,
podatkov neverjetno hitra,
06:01
is incredibly fast, the basic unit is a 10-gigabit-per-second
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je osnovna enota prenosa valovne
dolžine svetlobe 10 gigabitov na sekundo,
dolžine svetlobe 10 gigabitov na sekundo,
06:04
wavelength of light, maybe a thousand times your own
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kar je morda tisočkrat več
kot vaša domača povezava,
kot vaša domača povezava,
06:07
connection, or capable of carrying 10,000 video streams,
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in je zmožna prenosa
10.000 video posnetkov.
10.000 video posnetkov.
06:10
but not only that, but you'll put not just one wavelength of light
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Toda to ni vse,
saj ne bo potovala
saj ne bo potovala
samo ena valovna dolžina
skozi eno izmed vlaken,
skozi eno izmed vlaken,
06:13
through one of the fibers, but you'll put maybe
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ampak bo skozi potovalo
50, 60 ali 70 različnih valovnih dolžin
50, 60 ali 70 različnih valovnih dolžin
06:16
50 or 60 or 70 different wavelengths or colors of light
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ali svetlobnih barv
skozi eno samo vlakno.
skozi eno samo vlakno.
06:19
through a single fiber, and then you'll have maybe
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V enem kablu bo na primer osem vlaken,
po štiri bodo usmerjene v vsako smer.
po štiri bodo usmerjene v vsako smer.
06:22
eight fibers in a cable, four going in each direction.
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06:25
And they're tiny. They're the thickness of a hair.
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In ta vlakna so zelo tanka,
imajo debelino lasu.
imajo debelino lasu.
In potem se povežejo nekje s kontinentom.
06:28
And then they connect to the continent somewhere.
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Povežejo se v takšen jašek.
06:30
They connect in a manhole like this. Literally,
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Dobesedno. To je dejanska lokacija,
kjer je priključen 8.000 kilometrski kabel.
kjer je priključen 8.000 kilometrski kabel.
06:33
this is where the 5,000-mile cable plugs in.
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06:36
This is in Halifax, a cable that stretches from Halifax to Ireland.
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To je posnetek iz Halifaxa,
kabla, ki povezuje Halifax ter Irsko.
kabla, ki povezuje Halifax ter Irsko.
Arhitektura se ves čas spreminja.
06:40
And the landscape is changing. Three years ago,
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Pred tremi leti,
ko sem se prvič osredotočil na to tematiko,
ko sem se prvič osredotočil na to tematiko,
06:43
when I started thinking about this, there was one cable
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je bil na zahodni obali Afrike en kabel,
06:45
down the Western coast of Africa, represented
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kot je prikazan na
zemljevidu Steva Songa s črno črto.
zemljevidu Steva Songa s črno črto.
06:48
in this map by Steve Song as that thin black line.
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06:51
Now there are six cables and more coming, three down each coast.
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Zdaj je tam šest kablov
in jih bo še več,
in jih bo še več,
po trije ob vsaki obali.
Ko se neka država priključi z enim kablom,
06:56
Because once a country gets plugged in by one cable,
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se zave, da to ni dovolj.
06:59
they realize that it's not enough. If they're going to build
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Če želi okrog tega razviti industrijo,
se mora zavedati,
se mora zavedati,
07:00
an industry around it, they need to know that their connection
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da njihova povezava ni šibka,
ampak je dolgotrajna.
ampak je dolgotrajna.
07:03
isn't tenuous but permanent, because if a cable breaks,
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Če se pretrga kabel,
je potrebno na vodo poslati ladjo,
je potrebno na vodo poslati ladjo,
07:06
you have to send a ship out into the water, throw
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07:08
a grappling hook over the side, pick it up, find the other end,
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čez krov vreči kavelj,
kabel dvigniti, poiskati drugi konec,
kabel dvigniti, poiskati drugi konec,
07:11
and then fuse the two ends back together and then dump it over.
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oba konca je potrebno zopet spojiti
in kabel spustiti nazaj na morsko dno.
in kabel spustiti nazaj na morsko dno.
07:14
It's an intensely, intensely physical process.
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To je zelo, zelo fizično naporen postopek.
07:18
So this is my friend Simon Cooper, who until very recently
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Torej, to je moj prijatelj,
Simon Cooper,
Simon Cooper,
ki je do nedavnega delal za Tata Communications,
07:23
worked for Tata Communications, the communications wing
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ki je komunikacijski oddelek podjetja Tata,
velikega Indijskega industrijskega konglomerata.
velikega Indijskega industrijskega konglomerata.
07:25
of Tata, the big Indian industrial conglomerate.
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07:28
And I've never met him. We've only communicated
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Nisva se še nikoli srečala.
Pogovarjala sva se le skozi
teleprisotnostni sistem.
teleprisotnostni sistem.
07:31
via this telepresence system, which always makes me
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Zaradi tega nanj vedno
pomislim kot moža znotraj interneta.
pomislim kot moža znotraj interneta.
07:35
think of him as the man inside the Internet. (Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:39
And he is English. The undersea cable industry
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Je Anglež.
Znotraj industrije podmorskih
kablov prevladujejo Angleži.
kablov prevladujejo Angleži.
07:42
is dominated by Englishmen, and they all seem to be 42.
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In vsi so stari okrog 42 let.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
07:46
(Laughter) Because they all started at the same time
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Ker so vsi z delom začeli ob istem času,
07:49
with the boom about 20 years ago.
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ko je trg doživel razcvet pred 20 leti.
07:51
And Tata had gotten its start as a communications business
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Podjetje Tata je zagnalo
komunikacijsko poslovanje,
komunikacijsko poslovanje,
z nakupom dveh kablov.
07:54
when they bought two cables, one across the Atlantic
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Eden se je raztezal čez Atlantski
in drugi čez Tihi ocean.
in drugi čez Tihi ocean.
07:57
and one across the Pacific, and proceeded to add pieces
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Nadaljevali so z dodajanjem delov,
08:00
onto them, until they had built a belt around the world,
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dokler niso zgradili pasu okrog sveta.
Kar pomeni, da vaše bitne
podatke pošiljajo na vzhod ali na zahod.
podatke pošiljajo na vzhod ali na zahod.
08:04
which means they will send your bits to the East or the West.
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08:06
They have -- this is literally a beam of light around the world,
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Dobesedno imajo
ta svetlobni žarek, ki obkroža ves svet.
ta svetlobni žarek, ki obkroža ves svet.
08:08
and if a cable breaks in the Pacific, it'll send it around
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Če se okvari kabel v Tihem oceanu,
bo poslal žarek v drugo smer.
bo poslal žarek v drugo smer.
08:10
the other direction. And then having done that,
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Ko so s tem zaključili,
je podjetje začelo iskati nove kraje
je podjetje začelo iskati nove kraje
08:13
they started to look for places to wire next.
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do katerih se lahko poveže.
08:17
They looked for the unwired places, and that's meant
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Iskali so kraje brez povezave.
Zato so se osredotočili na sever in jug.
Zato so se osredotočili na sever in jug.
08:20
North and South, primarily these cables to Africa.
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V glavnem so to bili
ti kabli do Afrike.
ti kabli do Afrike.
08:23
But what amazes me is Simon's incredible geographic imagination.
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Najbolj pa me je presenetila
Simonova geografska domišljija.
Simonova geografska domišljija.
On vidi svet kot
nekakšno neverjetno razsežnost.
nekakšno neverjetno razsežnost.
08:26
He thinks about the world with this incredible expansiveness.
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Predvsem mi je bilo to zanimivo,
08:29
And I was particularly interested because I wanted to see
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ker sem želel osebno
videti izgradnjo takšnega kabla.
videti izgradnjo takšnega kabla.
08:33
one of these cables being built. See, you know, all the time
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Skozi naš čas na spletu,
izkusimo te bežne trenutke povezanosti.
izkusimo te bežne trenutke povezanosti.
08:35
online we experience these fleeting moments of connection,
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08:38
these sort of brief adjacencies, a tweet or a Facebook post
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To kratkočasno zbližanost.
Sporočila na Twitterju, Facebooku
Sporočila na Twitterju, Facebooku
ali elektronski pošti.
08:41
or an email, and it seemed like there was a physical corollary to that.
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In pričakoval sem neko fizično povezanost.
Pričakoval sem takšen trenutek
ob priključitvi kontinenta
ob priključitvi kontinenta
08:45
It seemed like there was a moment when the continent
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08:47
was being plugged in, and I wanted to see that.
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in sem ga želel izkusiti.
08:49
And Simon was working on a new cable,
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In Simon je delal na novem kablu,
WACS, Zahodnoafriški Kabelski Sistem,
WACS, Zahodnoafriški Kabelski Sistem,
08:52
WACS, the West Africa Cable System, that stretched
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ki se je raztezal od Lizbone
do zahodne obale Afrike,
do zahodne obale Afrike,
08:54
from Lisbon down the west coast of Africa,
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08:56
to Cote d'Ivoire, to Ghana, to Nigeria, to Cameroon.
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do Slonokoščene obale, Gane, Nigerije, Kameruna.
Povedal mi je
da bo gradnja kmalu,
da bo gradnja kmalu,
08:59
And he said there was coming soon, depending
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09:01
on the weather, but he'd let me know when,
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odvisno od vremena,
in mi bo sporočil kdaj.
in mi bo sporočil kdaj.
Tako mi je približno
štiri dni vnaprej povedal,
štiri dni vnaprej povedal,
09:04
and so with about four days notice, he said to go
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da naj grem na obalo
na jugu Lizbone.
na jugu Lizbone.
09:07
to this beach south of Lisbon, and a little after 9,
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In se bo malo po deveti uri
iz morja sprehodil ta mož.
iz morja sprehodil ta mož.
09:10
this guy will walk out of the water. (Laughter)
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(Smeh)
In bo imel v roki zeleno vrv iz najlona,
09:13
And he'll be carrying a green nylon line, a lightweight line,
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lahko vrv, ki se imenuje kurirska vrv.
09:18
called a messenger line, and that was the first link
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In to je bil prvi člen
med morjem in kopnim
med morjem in kopnim
09:20
between sea and land, this link that would then be
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Ta člen, ki se bo kasneje razvil
v to 11.000 kilometrsko pot svetlobe.
v to 11.000 kilometrsko pot svetlobe.
09:23
leveraged into this 9,000-mile path of light.
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09:27
Then a bulldozer began to pull the cable in from this
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Potem je buldožer začel vleči kabel
s te posebne desantne ladje za kable,
s te posebne desantne ladje za kable,
09:29
specialized cable landing ship, and it was floated
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ki so ga potem zvlekli na te boje,
dokler ni bil pravilno nameščen.
dokler ni bil pravilno nameščen.
09:33
on these buoys until it was in the right place.
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Vidite lahko tudi angleške
inženirje kako delo opazujejo.
inženirje kako delo opazujejo.
09:36
Then you can see the English engineers looking on.
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Ko je bil kabel nameščen,
09:38
And then, once it was in the right place, he got back
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se je moški vrnil v vodo z velikim nožem
09:41
in the water holding a big knife, and he cut each buoy off,
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in je boje odrezal,
ki so se dvignile na površje.
ki so se dvignile na površje.
09:44
and the buoy popped up into the air, and the cable
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Kabel pa se je spustil na morsko dno.
09:47
dropped to the sea floor, and he did that all the way out
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S tem je nadaljeval,
dokler ni prispel do ladje.
dokler ni prispel do ladje.
09:49
to the ship, and when he got there,
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In ko je prispel do nje,
so ga postregli s kozarcem soka in piškotom.
so ga postregli s kozarcem soka in piškotom.
09:51
they gave him a glass of juice and a cookie,
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09:53
and then he jumped back in, and he swam back to shore,
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Potem je skočil nazaj v vodo
in odplaval do obale,
in odplaval do obale,
09:55
and then he lit a cigarette. (Laughter)
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kjer si je prižgal cigareto.
(Smeh)
10:03
And then once that cable was on shore,
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Ko je kabel prispel na obalo,
10:05
they began to prepare to connect it to the other side,
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so ga začeli pripravljati
za priključitev z drugim koncem,
za priključitev z drugim koncem,
s kablom, ki so ga napeljali
s sprejemno-oddajne postaje.
s sprejemno-oddajne postaje.
10:09
for the cable that had been brought down from the landing station.
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10:12
And first they got it with a hacksaw, and then they start
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Začeli so ga obdelovati z žago,
nato so nastrgali plastično notranjost z ...
10:15
sort of shaving away at this plastic interior with a --
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nekakšno spretnostjo kuharjev.
10:17
sort of working like chefs, and then finally they're working
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In potem so se končno
dela lotili kot zlatarji,
dela lotili kot zlatarji,
10:20
like jewelers to get these hair-thin fibers to line up
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da so lahko ta tanka vlakna,
10:22
with the cable that had come down,
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poravnali s kablom,
ki so ga napeljali s postaje,
ki so ga napeljali s postaje,
10:24
and with this hole-punch machine they fuse it together.
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in so ga spojili z luknjačem.
Ko opazuješ,
kako se ti možje kabla lotijo z žago,
kako se ti možje kabla lotijo z žago,
10:27
And when you see these guys going at this cable with a hacksaw,
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10:30
you stop thinking about the Internet as a cloud.
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interneta ne vidiš več,
kot oblak.
kot oblak.
10:33
It starts to seem like an incredibly physical thing.
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Začne ti delovati kot nekaj izredno fizičnega.
10:37
And what surprised me as well was that as much as this
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Presenetilo me je še nekaj.
Čeprav vse to temelji
na zelo visoko razviti tehnologiji,
na zelo visoko razviti tehnologiji,
10:39
is based on the most sophisticated technology, as much
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čeprav je to nekaj povsem novega,
10:42
as this is an incredibly new thing, the physical process
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je fizični proces že dolgo v obstoju.
10:45
itself has been around for a long time, and the culture is the same.
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Tudi kultura je enaka.
Vidiš domačine pri delu.
Vidiš domačine pri delu.
10:49
You see the local laborers. You see the English engineer
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Vidiš angleške inženirje,
ki dajejo napotke v ozadju.
ki dajejo napotke v ozadju.
10:51
giving directions in the background. And more importantly,
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Najbolj pomembno pa je,
da so kraji ostali enaki.
da so kraji ostali enaki.
10:54
the places are the same. These cables still connect
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Ti kabli se še vedno povezujejo
do ustaljenih obmorskih mest.
do ustaljenih obmorskih mest.
10:57
these classic port cities, places like Lisbon, Mombasa,
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Kot so Lizbona, Mombasa,
Mumbaj, Singapur, New York.
Mumbaj, Singapur, New York.
11:00
Mumbai, Singapore, New York.
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11:03
And then the process on shore takes around three or four days,
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Za postopek na obali je
potrebnih tri do štiri dni.
potrebnih tri do štiri dni.
11:07
and then, when it's done, they put the manhole cover
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In ko je delo končano,
luknjo pokrijejo s pokrovom
luknjo pokrijejo s pokrovom
11:11
back on top, and they push the sand over that,
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in ga prekrijejo s peskom
in nanj vsi pozabimo.
in nanj vsi pozabimo.
11:14
and we all forget about it.
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In zdi se mi,
da veliko govorimo o oblaku,
da veliko govorimo o oblaku,
11:17
And it seems to me that we talk a lot about the cloud,
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toda vsakič,
ko na oblak nekaj odložimo,
ko na oblak nekaj odložimo,
11:19
but every time we put something on the cloud,
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11:21
we give up some responsibility for it.
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se obenem tudi deloma
odpovemo odgovornosti do te stvari.
odpovemo odgovornosti do te stvari.
11:24
We are less connected to it. We let other people worry about it.
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Nismo več z njo tako povezani.
Pustimo, da se z njo ukvarja nekdo drug.
Pustimo, da se z njo ukvarja nekdo drug.
In to se mi ne zdi prav.
11:27
And that doesn't seem right.
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11:29
There's a great Neal Stephenson line where he says
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Obstaja odlična izjava Neala Stephensona,
ki je dejal, da morajo ljudje,
ki so povezani prek žic, o žicah tudi nekaj vedeti.
ki so povezani prek žic, o žicah tudi nekaj vedeti.
11:31
that wired people should know something about wires.
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11:35
And we should know, I think, we should know
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In morali bi vedeti, mislim,
da moramo vedeti,
da moramo vedeti,
11:38
where our Internet comes from, and we should know
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od kod prihaja naša internetna povezava.
In moramo se zavedati,
kaj nas vse fizično, fizično povezuje.
kaj nas vse fizično, fizično povezuje.
11:40
what it is that physically, physically connects us all.
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11:45
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala.
(Aplavz)
11:48
(Applause)
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11:50
Thanks. (Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Blum - Network authorFor his new book, "Tubes," Andrew Blum visited the places where the internet exists in physical form: the cables and switches and servers that virtually connect us.
Why you should listen
In his book Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet, Andrew Blum wanted to capture the "spirit of place" of the Internet. Because as far-reaching and virtual as our connection to the Net is, the signals travel on good old-fashioned cabling, glass fibers jacketed in polymer, running through conduit under streets. The immaterial Internet runs on a very material, industry-like infrastructure. So that when Alaska senator Ted Stevens called the Internet "a series of tubes" ... well, he was kind of right, and he did inspire the title of this utterly fascinating book, which explores the switches, data centers, sea crossings and many, many tubes that make up our online reality.
Blum is a writer for Newsweek, and has written for Wired, Popular Science, Metropolis and more.
Learn more about Tubes:
Read excerpts on submarine cables and Internet exchange points (like 60 Hudson in NYC).
Browse book club materials (from the Amherst Reads book club)
Listen to Andrew Blum's audio interview on Fresh Air
Andrew Blum | Speaker | TED.com