TED2008
Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time
Christopher deCharms pozoruje mozog v reálnom čase
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Neurobiológ a vynálezca Christopher deCharms predvádza nový spôsob využitia fMRI na zobrazenie mozgovej aktivity -- myšlienok, pocitov, bolesti -- v čase, keď prebieha. Inými slovami, môžete vidieť, ako sa cítite.
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcher
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
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Ahojte. Chcem vás požiadať, aby ste zdvihli svoju ruku a zamávali
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
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tak ako ja -- kráľovským spôsobom.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
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Viete napodobniť, čo vidíte.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
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Viete naprogramovať stovky svalov vo vašej ruke.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
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Čoskoro budete schopní pozrieť sa dovnútra vášho mozgu a programovať,
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
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ovládať stovky oblastí mozgu, ktoré tam vidíte.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
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O tejto technológii som vám prišiel povedať.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
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Ľudstvo chce nazrieť do ľudskej mysle,
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
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do ľudského mozgu už tísicky rokov.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
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A podľa výsledkov z výskumných laboratórií je to naša generácia, ktorá má možnosť to urobiť.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
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Ľudia si to predstavujú ako veľmi náročnú úlohu.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
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Musíte vziať raketoplán, zmenšiť ho, vstreknúť ho do krvi.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
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Hrozne nebezpečné.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
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V tepnách by vás mohli napadnúť biele krvinky.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
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Ale teraz na to máme skutočnú technológiu.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
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Zaletíme do Petrovho mozgu, Peter je môj kolega.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
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Urobíme to neinvazívnym spôsobom pomocou MRI.
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
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Nepotrebujeme žiadne injekcie. Nepotrebujeme radiáciu.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
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Budeme môcť preletieť anatómiou Petrovho mozgu -- doslova letieť jeho telom --
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
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ale čo je dôležitejšie, budeme môcť nazrieť do jeho mysle.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
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Keď Peter pohne rukou, tá žltá škvrna, ktorú tam vidíte,
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
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je zobrazením priebehu fungovania Petrovej mysle.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
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Už ste videli, že s elektródami viete kontrolovať robotické ruky,
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
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aj že mozgové skenery zobrazia, čo je vo vnútri vášho mozgu.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
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Novinkou je, že tento proces trval obyčajne dni alebo mesiace analýz.
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
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My sme to touto technológiou skrátili na milisekundy,
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
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a to umožňuje Petrovi vidieť svoj mozog v reálnom čase, ešte keď je vnútri skenera.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
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Môže vidieť týchto 65 000 aktívnych bodov za sekundu.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
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A keď vidí tento vzor vo svojom mozgu, môže sa naučiť ho ovládať.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
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Existovali tri spôsoby, ako ovplyniť mozog:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
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pohovka u terapeuta, tabletky a nôž.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
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Toto je štvrtá alternatíva, ktorú čoskoro budete mať.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
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Všetci vieme, že ako formujeme myšlienky, v našich mysliach a mozgoch sa vytvárajú nové hlboké kanály.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
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Príkladom je chronická bolesť. Ak sa popálite, odtiahnete ruku.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
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Ale ak máte bolesti šesť mesiacov alebo rokov,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
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tieto obvody produkujú bolesť, ktorá vám už nepomáha.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
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Ak sa môžeme pozrieť na aktivitu v mozgu, ktorá produkuje bolesť,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
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môžeme vytvoriť 3D modely a pozorovať v reálnom čase, ako mozog spracováva informácie,
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
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a potom môžeme vybrať oblasti, ktoré produkujú bolesť.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
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Zdvihnite svoju ruku a napnite biceps.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
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Teraz si predstavte, že čoskoro sa budete môcť pozrieť dovnútra vášho mozgu
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
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a vybrať oblasti mozgu, aby ste urobili to isté.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
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Tu vidíte, ako sme vybrali oblasti v mozgu pacienta s chronickými bolesťami.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
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Toto vás môže šokovať, ale my doslova čítame mozog totho človeka v reálnom čase.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
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On pozoruje aktivitu svojho mozgu,
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
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a kontruje oblasti, ktoré spôsobujú bolesť.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
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Učí sa, ako prinútiť tento systém, aby vylúčil vlastné vnútrotelové lieky proti bolesti.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
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V ľavom hornom rohu je displej,
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
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ktorý je spojený s aktivitou jeho mozgu, keď ovláda svoju bolesť.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
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Keď ovláda svoj mozog, ovláda svoju bolesť.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
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Táto technológia sa stále skúma,
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
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ale v klinických testoch vidíme u pacientov 44 až 64 percentný pokles chronickej bolesti.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
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Toto nie je "Matrix". Môžete to robiť len sám sebe. Vy to ovládate.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
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Videl som vnútro svojho mozgu. Vy budete tiež, čoskoro.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
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Keď budete. čo chcete ovládať?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
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Budete sa môcť pozrieť zo všetkých strán na to, čo robí vás vami, na všetky svoje skúsenosti.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
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Sú oblasti, na ktorých pracujeme, ale nemám čas ich dopodrobna rozoberať.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
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Ale chcem, aby ste si zapamätali jedno.
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
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Sme prvou generáciou, ktorá je schopná vstúpiť
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
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pomocou tejto technológie do ľudskej mysle a mozgu.
03:43
Where will we take it?
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Ako to využijeme?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcherChristopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Christopher deCharms is helping to develop a new kind of MRI that allows doctor and patient to look inside the brain in real time -- to see visual representations of brain processes as they happen. With his company Omneuron, deCharms has developed technology they call rtfMRI, for "real-time functional MRI" -- which is exactly what it sounds like. You move your arm, your brain lights up. You feel pain, your brain lights up.
How could we use the ability to see our brains in action? For a start, to help treat chronic pain with a kind of biofeedback; being able to visualize pain can help patients control it. And longer-term uses boggle the mind. Ours is the first generation, he believes, to be able to train and build our minds as systematically as a weightlifter builds a muscle. What will we do with this?
deCharms is also the author of the book Two Views of Mind, studying Buddhist theories of perception from a neuroscientist's perspective.
Christopher deCharms | Speaker | TED.com