TED2008
Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time
Christopher deCharms miyani ayni vaqtda ko'rib chiqadi
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Asabshunos olim va kashfiyotchi Christopher deCharms miya jarayonlarini -- fikrlash, hissiyot, og'riq -- sodir bulib turgan onda MRI dan foydalanib ko'rsatishning yangi usulini namoyish etadi. Boshqacha aytganda, siz haqiqatda qanday his qilayotganingizni ko'ra olasiz.
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcher
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
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Salom. Men sizlardan qullaringizni ko'tarib silkitishni so'rayman
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
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men qilayotganday -- shoxona to'lqin kabi.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
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Siz ko'rayotgan narsani qila olasiz.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
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Siz qo'lingizdagi yuzlab muskullarni dasturlay olasiz.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
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Tez orada, siz miyangizning ichiga qaray olasiz va
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
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siz ko'radigan yuzlab miya sohalarini dasturlab boshqara olasiz.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
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Men shu texnologiya haqida aytmoqchiman.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
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Odamlar odam ongining, miyasining ichiga
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
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qarashni minglab yillardan buyon istashadi.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
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Ilmiy-tadqiqot laborotoriyalar tufayli, hozirda bizning avlod uchun buni amalga oshirish imkoniyati mavjud.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
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Odamlar buni juda qiyin deb tasavvur qilishadi.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
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Fazo kemasini olib, uni kichraytirib, qonga kiritishingiz kerak.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
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U juda ham havfli edi.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
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Siz arteriyalarda oq qon hujayralari tomonidan hujumga uchrashingiz mumkun.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
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Lekin hozirda, bizda buni amalga oshirish uchun haqiqiy texnologiya bor.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
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Biz mening hamkasbim Peterning miyasiga uchamiz.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
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Biz buni MRI yordamida miyaga kirmagan holda qilamiz.
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
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Biz xech narsa kiritishimiz kerak emas. Bizga radiatsiya ham kerak emas.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
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Biz Peterning miyasi ichiga uchib kira olamiz -- huddi uning tanasiga uchib kirganday --
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
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muhimrog'i, biz uning ongiga qaray olamiz.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
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Peter qo'lini harakatlantirganda, siz kurayotgan sariq nuqta
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
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Peterning ongi jaroyoni sodir bulayotgan joyni ko'rsatadi.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
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Siz ilgari, electrodlar bilan robot qo'llarini boshqarsa bulishini ko'rgansiz,
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
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miya tasvirlash va skanerlar sizga miya ichini ko'rsata oladi.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
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Yangilik shuki, jarayonni tadqiq qilishga birnecha kun yoki oylar ketgan.
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
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Biz texnologiya orqali millisekundlarga erishdik,
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
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yani, Peter skaner ichida bulganda uz miyasi ichiga qaray oladi.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
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U sekundiga 65000 aktiv nuqtalarni ko'ra oladi.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
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Agar u o'z miyasidagi ketma-ketlikni ko'ra olsa, u uni qanday boshqarishni o'rgana oladi.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
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Miyaga ta'sir qilishning uch usuli bor edi:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
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terapist kushetkasi, dorilar va pichoq.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
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Bu esa sizda yaqinda buladigan to'rtinchi alternativ.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
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Bizga ma'lumki, bizda paydo bulgan fikrlar bizning miyamizda chuqur izlar qoldiradi.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
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Surunkali og'riq bir misol. Agar qulingizni kuydirdangiz, uni tortib olasiz.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
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Lekin agar siz olti oy yoki olti yil vaqt davomida hanuz og'riqda bulsangiz,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
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uning sababi og'riq hosil qilayotgan holatlar sizga yordam bermayotganidir.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
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Agar biz og'riq hosil qilaytgan miyadagi jarayonga qaray olsak,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
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biz 3 koordinata tekisligida nusha yasab, miyadagi ayni vaqtdagi axborot jarayonini kuzata olamiz,
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
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va biz og'riq hosil qilayotgan sohalarni belgilay olamiz.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
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Qo'llaringizni orqaga kutaring va eging.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
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Endi miyangizni ichini kura olishingizni
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
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va huddi shu ishni qilish uchun miya sohalarini tanlashni tasavvur qiling.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
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Siz ko'rayotgan narsa, biz surunkali og'rig'i bor bemorning miyasidagi sohalarni tanladik.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
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Bu sizni hayratlantirishi mumkun, lekin biz bu odamning miyasini ayni vaqtda o'qiyapmiz.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
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Ular o'z miyasining jarayonlarini kuzatishmoqda,
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
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va ular og'riq hosil qilayotgan sohalarni boshqarishmoqda.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
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Ular ularning o'z ichki tinchlantiruvchi vositalar sistemasini tuzatishmoqda.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
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Ular shunday qilishlari bilan, yuqoridagi chapdagi ekran
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
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ularning o'z og'riqlarining miyadagi jarayoni boshqarilishiga bog'langan.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
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Ular miyasini boshqarishganda, ular og'riqni boshqara olishadi.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
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Bu tadqiqiy texnologiya,
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
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lekin klinik tajribalarda biz surunkali bemorlarda og'riqning 44 dan 64 foiz gacha kamayishini kuzatyapmiz.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
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Bu "Matritsa" emas. O'zingiz uchun faqaq siz qila olasiz. Siz boshqarasiz.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
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Men uz miyam ichini kurganman. Siz ham yaqinda kurasiz.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
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Ushanda, nimani boshqarishni istaysiz?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
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Siz uzingiz bajarayotgan barcha narsani kura olasiz, barcha jarayonlarni.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
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Bular biz shu kunlarda ishlayotgan bazi sohalar, va to'laroq ma'lumot berishga vaqt yetarli emas.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
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lekin men sizni muhim savol bilan qoldirmoqchiman.
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
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Biz texnologiyadan foydalanib, odam ongi va miyasiga
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
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kira olish imkoniyatiga ega birinchi avlodmiz.
03:43
Where will we take it?
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Biz buni nima qilamiz?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcherChristopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Christopher deCharms is helping to develop a new kind of MRI that allows doctor and patient to look inside the brain in real time -- to see visual representations of brain processes as they happen. With his company Omneuron, deCharms has developed technology they call rtfMRI, for "real-time functional MRI" -- which is exactly what it sounds like. You move your arm, your brain lights up. You feel pain, your brain lights up.
How could we use the ability to see our brains in action? For a start, to help treat chronic pain with a kind of biofeedback; being able to visualize pain can help patients control it. And longer-term uses boggle the mind. Ours is the first generation, he believes, to be able to train and build our minds as systematically as a weightlifter builds a muscle. What will we do with this?
deCharms is also the author of the book Two Views of Mind, studying Buddhist theories of perception from a neuroscientist's perspective.
Christopher deCharms | Speaker | TED.com