TED2008
Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time
Kristofer deČarms skenira mozak u stvarnom vremenu
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Neuronaučnik i pronalazač Kristofer deČarms demonstrira novi način upotrebe fMRI ( funkcionalne magnetne rezonance) za pokazivanje moždane aktivnosti -- misli, emocije, bol -- u trenutku njenog dešavanja. Drugim rečima, možete bukvalno videti kako se osećate.
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcher
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
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Zdravo. Zamoliću vas da podignete ruku i da mašete
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
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isto kao što ja radim -- neka vrsta kraljevskog mahanja.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
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Možete oponašati ono što vidite.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
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Možete programirati stotine mišića u svojoj ruci.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
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Uskoro, moći ćete da gledate u svoj mozak i programirate,
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
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kontrolišete stotine moždanih oblasti koje tamo vidite.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
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Ja ću vam pričati o toj tehnologiji.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
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Ljudi su želeli da vide unutar ljudskog uma,
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
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ljudskog mozga, hiljadama godina unazad.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
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Pa, izlazeći iz istraživačkih laboratorija upravo sada, za našu generaciju je moguće to uraditi.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
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Ljudi su predvideli ovo kao nešto veoma teško.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
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Morali biste da uzmete svemirski brod, da ga smanjite i ubrizgate u krvotok.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
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Bilo je veoma opasno.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
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Mogli ste da budete napadnuti od strane belih krvnih zrnaca u arterijama.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
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Ali sada, imamo pravu tehnologiju da uradimo ovo.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
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Uletećemo u mozak mog kolege Pitera.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
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Uradićemo ovo neinvazivno koristeći MRI.
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
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Ne moramo da ubrizgamo ništa. Ne treba nam radijacija.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
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Moći ćemo da uletimo u anatomiju Piterovog mozga -- bukvalno uletimo u njegovo telo --
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
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ali ono što je važnije, moći ćemo da gledamo u njegov um.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
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Kad Piter pomera svoju ruku, ta žuta tačka koju vidite tamo
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
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je unutrašnje funkcionisanje Piterovog uma na delu.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
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Videli ste ranije da sa elektrodama mogu da se kontrolišu robotske ruke,
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
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da slike i skeniranja mozga mogu da vam pokažu njegovu unutrašnjost.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
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Šta je novo je to da je taj proces uglavnom zahtevao dane ili mesece analize.
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
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Mi smo smanjili to, pomoću tehnologije, na milisekunde
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
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i to omogućava Piteru da gleda svoj mozak u stvarnom vremenu dok se nalazi u skeneru.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
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On može da gleda u ovih 65 000 tačaka aktivacije u sekundi.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
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Ako može da vidi obrazac u sopstvenom mozgu, on može da nauči da ga kontroliše.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
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Postoje tri načina da pokušate da utičete na mozak:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
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kauč terapeuta, tablete i nož.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
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Ovo je četvrta alternativa koju ćete uskoro imati.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
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Svi znamo da kad formiramo misli one formiraju duboke kanale u našem umu i u našem mozgu.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
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Hronični bol, na primer. Ako se izgorite vi pomerite ruku.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
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Ali ako i dalje osećate bol u periodu od 6 meseci ili 6 godina,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
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to je zato što ovi tragovi proizvode bol koji vam više ne pomaže.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
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Ako možemo da gledamo u aktivaciju mozga koji proizvodi bol,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
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možemo da formiramo 3D modele i gledamo, u stvarnom vremenu, mozak kako obrađuje informaciju
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
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i onda možemo da selektujemo oblasti koje proizvode bol.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
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Dakle, podignite ruku i stežite svoj biceps.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
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Sada zamislite da ćete uskoro moći da gledate unutar svog mozga
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
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i da selektujete oblasti mozga da radite tu istu stvar.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
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Ovo što vidite ovde -- selektovali smo putanju u mozgu pacijenta sa hroničnim bolom.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
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Ovo može da vas šokira, ali mi bukvalno čitamo mozak ove osobe u stvarnom vremenu.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
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Oni gledaju aktivaciju sopstvenog mozga
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
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i oni kontrolišu putanju koja proizvodi bol.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
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Oni uče da stežu ovaj sistem koji opušta njihove sopstvene endogene opijate.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
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Dok to rade -- gore levo je prikaz --
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
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to je povezano sa aktivacijom mozga dok kontrolišu svoj bol.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
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Kada kontrolišu svoj mozak, oni mogu da kontrolišu svoj bol.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
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Ovo je istraživačka tehnologija,
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
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ali u kliničkim studijama vidimo smanjenje od 44% do 64% kod pacijenata sa hroničnim bolom.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
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Ovo nije "Matriks". Ovo možete uraditi samo sebi. Vi uzimate kontrolu.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
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Ja sam video unutar mog mozga. I vi ćete uskoro.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
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Kad se to desi, šta biste želeli da kontrolišete?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
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Moći ćete da gledate na sve aspekte koji vas sačinjavaju, sva vaša iskustva.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
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Ovo su neke oblasti na kojima radimo danas u čije detalje nemam vremena da ulazim.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
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Ali želim da vam ostavim veliko pitanje.
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
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Mi smo prva generacija koja će biti u mogućnosti da uđe unutar,
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
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koristeći ovu tehnologiju, ljudskog uma i mozga.
03:43
Where will we take it?
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Gde ćemo ga odvesti?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcherChristopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Christopher deCharms is helping to develop a new kind of MRI that allows doctor and patient to look inside the brain in real time -- to see visual representations of brain processes as they happen. With his company Omneuron, deCharms has developed technology they call rtfMRI, for "real-time functional MRI" -- which is exactly what it sounds like. You move your arm, your brain lights up. You feel pain, your brain lights up.
How could we use the ability to see our brains in action? For a start, to help treat chronic pain with a kind of biofeedback; being able to visualize pain can help patients control it. And longer-term uses boggle the mind. Ours is the first generation, he believes, to be able to train and build our minds as systematically as a weightlifter builds a muscle. What will we do with this?
deCharms is also the author of the book Two Views of Mind, studying Buddhist theories of perception from a neuroscientist's perspective.
Christopher deCharms | Speaker | TED.com